Published: 2022-03-01 00:00:00 ET

HTTP/1.1 200 OK HTTP/1.1 200 OK X-Crawlera-Slave: 191.96.46.73:3128 X-Crawlera-Version: 1.60.1 accept-ranges: bytes content-type: text/html last-modified: Wed, 02 Mar 2022 01:54:10 GMT server: AmazonS3 x-amz-id-2: UBobdw5nQk3chMIDsig0sWL0DrSddGbXDQZFNz8CX7cmXQR43Jpt752GbjZdAVrvkCu+qQBJSgc= x-amz-meta-mode: 33188 x-amz-meta-s3cmd-attrs: uid:504/gname:fitrprnt/uname:fitrprnt/gid:504/mode:33184/mtime:1646185850/atime:1646186038/md5:09177870a9c2ccccddad72969ca58ab4/ctime:1646186032 x-amz-replication-status: COMPLETED x-amz-request-id: SB38KVZC1DV04AP7 x-amz-version-id: 1hAl2XzzH7dcC9k__I4amuxlmJ3tC9yp x-content-type-options: nosniff x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block akamai-x-true-ttl: 60, -1 x-akamai-transformed: 9 371434 0 pmb=mTOE,2 expires: Thu, 06 Apr 2023 14:57:21 GMT cache-control: max-age=0, no-cache, no-store pragma: no-cache date: Thu, 06 Apr 2023 14:57:21 GMT vary: Accept-Encoding strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000 ; includeSubDomains ; preload set-cookie: ak_bmsc=4FF1777EBF9DA3025A283DC971EAAFCC~000000000000000000000000000000~YAAQL/zDF+Fg4hWHAQAA5XgSVxOZdT6PNHdaL4fIm+pzrfS6vcRmgpSLqani8pmQTWHrEGckazKEzkXOGPBYrGLzImLIqoge2K5E+dlwZmRYKYc1dsxDTZaqiSy8StNYT/7FBKuFRBWhus9X+/0+3zepqQsKkBIqNmM8Bdqegjb+dyEYYvHG6uSsZWG8X7p28vzAWQscP7tfd2bhsK17zQx8uq5e1erhldfjviD3JsseMsaQeVcpr5GjE4gHbMy2c69bltd9Da03VZf6TlAK/qk4ePaPy41pR0kDiGsEwB9jKGxGhpNIUA4NPoTZ6J5h8gQlxUIVzqGRr6nBnlChU0miyjCussJh5WTMrED9Excd1vSLsD8kFnaGAoPWoEMAConUHntP; Domain=.sec.gov; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 06 Apr 2023 16:57:20 GMT; Max-Age=7199; HttpOnly set-cookie: bm_mi=0E66DA8213E0BB31CF9AC21DDEDE96B5~YAAQL/zDF+Jg4hWHAQAA5XgSVxOtWmI8RyHmpZjQ9qifPFwf7ZEJijgICzz+yuKIvy6hnoOjQWjWYDaGbvSE6MpMOmMR774eTFu3EW1QcA0d5c/1bBQ87N7lrZQWumRi8oKw3WNQyLOq2vwmPPR6wWzNKk+JH37QHygBD1WzOsC+EiZ4AmfQHyZLnFMjCVMmHFfQjUULof93WF9m3dgPSXm6d/LP9pR+n2coi3d3/+jrCZTmjppwJrVCg2FQuoiYLIFBfpXF/fb346cJZOoAAtxH+QR0iJKHISOU5Ym/AI10ntUdW+dc6zLmTEontcUzOZGi33NZTHcXcGDzPcxEaXgiamuhwEcU34Imf/QmFkk4naz8yFK3fN5ieq1QhJOairN7ZiUbNgSHF9Ns~1; Domain=.sec.gov; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 06 Apr 2023 14:57:21 GMT; Max-Age=0; Secure Transfer-Encoding: chunked Proxy-Connection: close Connection: close

 

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

Form 10-K

 

(Mark One)

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

 

OR

 

 

For the transition period from            to            

 

Commission file number 1-13232 (Apartment Investment and Management Company)

Commission file number 0-56223 (Aimco OP L.P.)

Apartment Investment and Management Company

Aimco OP L.P.

 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (303-224-7900)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

None (Apartment Investment and Management Company)

Partnership Common Units (Aimco OP L.P.)

(title of each class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Apartment Investment and Management Company:

 

 

Aimco OP L.P.:

 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

 

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock of Apartment Investment and Management Company held by non-affiliates of Apartment Investment and Management Company was approximately $1.0 billion based upon the closing price of  $6.71 on June 30, 2021.

As of February 28, 2022, there were 152,556,271 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding.

 

 

Documents Incorporated by Reference

 

---

 

 

 

EXPLANATORY NOTE

On December 15, 2020, Apartment Investment and Management Company (“Aimco” or “the Company”) completed the separation of its business into two, separate and distinct, publicly traded companies, Aimco and Apartment Income REIT Corp. (“AIR”). The separation was effected by way of a pro rata distribution, in which stockholders of Aimco received one share of Class A common stock of AIR for every one share of Class A common stock of Aimco held as of the close of business on December 5, 2020. Apartment Income REIT, L.P. (“AIR Operating Partnership”), formerly known as “Aimco Properties, L.P.” until July 7, 2021, also completed a pro rata distribution of all of the outstanding common limited partnership units of Aimco OP L.P. (“Aimco Operating Partnership” and such units, “Aimco OP Units”) to holders of AIR Operating Partnership common limited partnership units and AIR Operating Partnership Class I High Performance partnership units as of the close of business on December 5, 2020. The transactions described in this paragraph are collectively referred to as the “Separation” and are governed by the terms of the Separation and Distribution Agreement (the “Separation Agreement”).

Notwithstanding the legal form of the Separation, for accounting and financial reporting purposes, Aimco is presented as being spun-off from AIR. This presentation is in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and is due primarily to the relative significance of Aimco’s business, as measured in terms of revenue, net income, assets, and other relevant indicators, as compared to those indicators for AIR before the Separation. Therefore, Aimco is considered “spun” for accounting purposes and AIR is considered the divesting entity and treated as the accounting spinner, or accounting predecessor. A separate capital structure did not exist since the assets, liabilities and operations of Aimco prior to the Separation (Aimco and AIR together, as they existed prior to the Separation, “Aimco Predecessor”) were spread across multiple legal entities. Events noted in this filing as occurring before December 15, 2020, were those entered into by Aimco Predecessor. The historical financial statements of Aimco do not represent the financial position and results of operations of one legal entity, but rather a combination of entities under common control that have been “carved out” from Aimco Predecessor’s financial statements.

This filing combines the Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, of Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership. Where it is important to distinguish between the two entities, we refer to them specifically. Otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” or “our” mean collectively Aimco, Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated entities.

Aimco, a Maryland corporation, is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”). Aimco, through a wholly owned subsidiary, is the general partner and directly is the special limited partner of Aimco Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2021, Aimco owned 93.1% of the legal interest in the common partnership units of Aimco Operating Partnership and 95.0% of the economic interest in Aimco Operating Partnership. The remaining 6.9% legal interest in Aimco Operating Partnership is owned by limited partners. As the sole general partner of Aimco Operating Partnership, Aimco has exclusive control of Aimco Operating Partnership’s day-to-day management.

Aimco Operating Partnership holds all of Aimco’s assets and manages the daily operations of Aimco’s business. Pursuant to the Aimco Operating Partnership agreement, Aimco is required to contribute to Aimco Operating Partnership all proceeds from the offerings of its securities. In exchange for the contribution of such proceeds, Aimco receives additional interests in Aimco Operating Partnership with similar terms (e.g., if Aimco contributes proceeds of a stock offering, Aimco receives partnership units with terms substantially similar to the stock issued by Aimco).

We believe combining the periodic reports of Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership into this single report provides the following benefits:

We operate Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership as one enterprise, the management of Aimco directs the management and operations of Aimco Operating Partnership, and Aimco OP GP, LLC, Aimco Operating Partnership’s general partner, is member managed by Aimco.

We believe it is important to understand the few differences between Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership in the context of how Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership operate as a consolidated company. Aimco has no assets or liabilities other than its investment in Aimco Operating Partnership. Also, Aimco is a corporation that issues publicly traded equity from time to time, whereas Aimco Operating Partnership is a partnership that has no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from stock offerings by Aimco, which are contributed to Aimco Operating Partnership in exchange for additional limited partnership interests (of a similar type and in an amount equal to the shares of stock sold in the offering), Aimco Operating Partnership generates all remaining capital required by its business. These sources include Aimco Operating Partnership’s working capital, net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under its revolving credit facility, the issuance of debt and equity securities, including additional partnership units, and proceeds received from the sale of real estate.

---

 

 

Equity, partners’ capital, and noncontrolling interests are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of Aimco and those of Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in Aimco Operating Partnership held by entities other than Aimco, which we refer to as Aimco OP Units, are classified within partners’ capital in Aimco Operating Partnership’s consolidated financial statements and as noncontrolling interests in Aimco’s consolidated financial statements.

To help investors understand the differences between Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership, this report provides separate consolidated financial statements for Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership; a single set of consolidated notes to such financial statements that includes separate discussions of each entity’s stockholders’ equity or partners’ capital, and earnings per share or earnings per unit, as applicable; and a combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section that includes discrete information related to each entity.

This report also includes separate Part II, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership are both compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and 18 U.S.C. §1350.

 

 

---

 

 

 

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

AIMCO OP, L.P.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021

 

 

 

---

 

 

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements in certain circumstances. Certain information included in this Annual Report contains or may contain information that is forward-looking, within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including, without limitation, statements regarding: the ongoing relationship between Aimco and AIR (the “Separate Entities”) following the Separation; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including interruptions in real estate development and redevelopment activities due to supply chain disruptions and on our ability to maintain current or meet projected occupancy, rental rate and property operating results; the effect of acquisitions, dispositions, developments, and redevelopments; our ability to meet budgeted costs and timelines, and achieve budgeted rental rates related to our development and redevelopment investments; expectations regarding sales of our apartment communities and the use of proceeds thereof; the availability and cost of corporate debt; and our ability to comply with debt covenants, including financial coverage ratios.

These forward-looking statements are based on management’s judgment as of this date, which is subject to risks and uncertainties. Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include, but are not limited to: the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on Aimco’s business and on the global and U.S. economies and financial markets generally, and the ongoing, dynamic and uncertain nature and duration of the pandemic, all of which heightens the impact of the other risks and factors described herein, and the impact on entities in which Aimco holds a partial interest, including its indirect interest in the partnership that owns Parkmerced Apartments, and the impact of governmental measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on Aimco’s residents, commercial tenants, and operations; real estate and operating risks, including fluctuations in real estate values and the general economic climate in the markets in which we operate and competition for residents in such markets; national and local economic conditions, including the pace of job growth and the level of unemployment; the amount, location and quality of competitive new housing supply; the timing and effects of acquisitions, dispositions, developments and redevelopments; expectations regarding sales of apartment communities and the use of proceeds thereof; insurance risks, including the cost of insurance, and natural disasters and severe weather such as hurricanes; supply chain disruptions, particularly with respect to raw materials such as lumber, steel, and concrete; financing risks, including the availability and cost of financing; the risk that cash flows from operations may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest; the risk that earnings may not be sufficient to maintain compliance with debt covenants, including financial coverage ratios; legal and regulatory risks, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending claims and any adverse outcomes; the terms of laws and governmental regulations that affect us and interpretations of those laws and regulations; possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of contamination of apartment communities presently owned by Aimco; the relationship between the Separate Entities after the Separation; the ability and willingness of the Separate Entities and their subsidiaries to meet and/or perform their obligations under any contractual arrangements that were entered into among the parties in connection with the Separation and any of their obligations to indemnify, defend and hold the other party harmless from and against various claims, litigation and liabilities; and the ability to achieve some or all the benefits that we expect to achieve from the Separation; and such other risks and uncertainties described from time to time in filings by the Separate Entities with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

In addition, our current and continuing qualification as a real estate investment trust involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and depends on our ability to meet the various requirements imposed by the Code, through actual operating results, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership.

Readers should carefully review our financial statements and the notes thereto, as well as the section entitled “Risk Factors” described in Item 1A of this Annual Report and subsequent documents we file from time to time with the SEC.

As used herein and except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Aimco, Aimco Operating Partnership and their consolidated entities, collectively.

Certain financial and operating measures found herein and used by management are not defined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). These measures are defined and reconciled to the most comparable GAAP measures under the Non-GAAP Measures heading.

 

1

 

---

 

 

 

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

The Company

Aimco, a Maryland corporation incorporated on January 10, 1994, is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”). Aimco, through a wholly owned subsidiary, is the general partner and directly is the special limited partner of the Aimco Operating Partnership, a Delaware Limited Partnership. Aimco conducts all of its business and owns all of its assets through the Aimco Operating Partnership.

On December 15, 2020, Aimco completed the Separation, creating two separate and distinct, publicly traded companies, Aimco and AIR. Additional information regarding the Separation is contained in the Explanatory Note.  

Please refer to Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for discussion regarding our business segments.

Business Overview

Our mission is to make real estate investments, primarily focused on the multifamily sector within the continental United States, where outcomes are enhanced through our human capital so that substantial value is created for investors, teammates, and the communities in which we operate.

Our value proposition includes our national platform organized around four regional and two satellite offices, consisting of a cohesive, talented, and tenured team and our proven investment process; a diversified portfolio, consisting of high-performing in-process value-add investments, a deep and growing pipeline, alternative investments, and stabilized assets; and our capital redeployment plan of reallocating Aimco equity to higher returning investments and prudent recycling of capital. Our primary goal is outsized risk adjusted returns and accelerating growth for Aimco shareholders.

 

 

We are focused on providing superior total-return performance to shareholders, primarily through capital appreciation driven by accretive investment and active portfolio management over multi-year periods. We plan to reinvest earnings to facilitate growth and, therefore, do not presently intend to pay a regular quarterly cash dividend.

Our financial objectives are to create value and produce superior, project-level, risk-adjusted returns on equity as measured by the investment period Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”) and the project-level Multiple on Invested Capital (“MOIC”). We measure broader performance based on Net Asset value (“NAV”) growth over time.

Our capital allocation strategy has been designed to leverage our investment platform and optimize risk adjusted returns for our shareholders.

Overall, we target a growth-oriented capital allocation, primarily weighted toward direct investment in “Value Add” and “Opportunistic” multifamily real estate.

From time to time, we will allocate a defined portion of our capital into alternative investments including passive debt and equity investments (both direct and indirect). Aimco may also utilize its established platform and existing relationships to generate fees through service offerings.

We have policies in place that support our strategy, guide our investment allocations, and manage risk, including to hold at all times a sizeable portion of its net equity in a diversified portfolio of “Core” and “Core-Plus” assets and before starting a project, require cash or committed credit necessary for completion.

 

2

 

---

 

 

 

Given our stated strategy, it is expected that at any point in time the value-creation process will be ongoing at numerous of our investments. Over time, we expect the Aimco enterprise to produce superior returns on equity on a risk-adjusted basis and it is our plan to do so by:

 

We have corporate headquarters in Denver, Colorado and Bethesda, Maryland. Our investment platform is managed by experienced professionals based in four regions: West Coast, Central and Mountain West, Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, and Southeast. By regionalizing this platform, we are able to leverage the in-depth local market knowledge of each regional leader, creating a comparative advantage when sourcing, evaluating, and executing investment opportunities.

 

Our dedicated team will source and execute development and redevelopment projects, and various other direct investment strategies, across our national platform. The Aimco Development and Redevelopment portfolio currently includes $1 billion of projects in construction and lease-up, located across five major U.S. markets. In addition, we currently have $2 billion worth of pipeline opportunities under our control and have the opportunity to add to our investment pipeline based on strategic relationships and through sourcing by regional investment teams. Generally, we seek direct investment opportunities in locations where barriers to entry are high, target customers can be clearly defined and where we have a comparative advantage over others in the market.

Our current allocation to alternative investments includes: our indirect interest mezzanine loan to the Parkmerced partnership which owns 3,165 apartment homes and future development rights in San Francisco, California, and our passive equity investments in IQHQ, Inc. (“IQHQ”), a privately held life sciences real estate development company, and in property technology funds consisting of privately held entities that develop technology related to the real estate industry.

We expect to allocate a portion of our capital to passive debt and equity investments, both directly and at the entity level. These prove attractive when warranted by risk adjusted returns, when we have special knowledge or expertise relevant to the particular investment or when the opportunity exists for positive asymmetric outcomes whether through strategic partnerships or otherwise. In addition, from time to time, we will use our established platform and existing relationships to generate fees through service offerings to third party real estate investors, owners, and capital allocators. 

Our entire portfolio of operating properties includes 29 apartment communities (25 consolidated properties and four unconsolidated properties) located in ten major U.S. markets and with average rents in line with local market averages (generally defined as B class). We also own one commercial office building that is part of an assemblage with an adjacent apartment building. The target composition of our stabilized portfolio will continue to include primarily B multifamily assets, spread across a nationally diversified portfolio and with a bias toward long established residential neighborhoods that rank highly in regard to schools, employment fundamentals and state and regional governance. Core Plus opportunities offer the opportunity for incremental capital investment while maintaining stabilized cashflow to accelerate income growth and improve asset values.

At all times, we will guard our liquidity by maintaining sufficient cash and committed credit.

From time-to-time, we will allocate capital to financial assets designed to mitigate risks elsewhere in the Aimco enterprise. Existing examples include our option to acquire an interest rate swap designed to protect against repricing risk on maturing Aimco liabilities and the use of rate caps to provide protection against increases in interest rates on in-place loans.

We expect to capitalize our activities through a combination of non-recourse property debt, construction loans, third-party equity, and the recycling of Aimco equity, including retained earnings. We plan to limit the use of recourse leverage, with a strong preference towards non-recourse property-level debt in order to limit risk to the Aimco enterprise. When warranted, we plan to seek equity capital from joint venture partners to improve our cost of capital, further leverage Aimco equity, reduce exposure to a single investment and, in certain cases, for strategic benefits.

Competition

There are many developers, managers, and owners of apartment real estate and underdeveloped land, as well as REITs, private real estate companies, and investors, that compete with us in acquiring, developing, obtaining financing for, and disposing of apartment communities. This competition affects our ability to realize our real estate development and transactional objectives.

3

 

---

 

 

 

In addition, our apartment communities compete for residents with other housing alternatives, including other rental apartments and condominiums, and single-family homes that are available for rent, as well as new and existing condominiums and single-family homes for sale. Competitive residential housing, as well as household formation and job creation in a particular area, could adversely affect our ability to lease apartment homes and to increase or maintain rental rates.

Taxation

Aimco

Aimco has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with our initial taxable year, and intends to continue to operate in such a manner. The Code imposes various requirements related to organizational structure, distribution levels, diversity of stock ownership, and certain restrictions with regard to owned assets and categories of income that must be met in order to continue to qualify as a REIT. If Aimco continues to qualify for taxation as a REIT, Aimco will generally not be subject to United States federal corporate income tax on its taxable income that is currently distributed to stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation” (at the corporate and stockholder levels) that generally results from an investment in a corporation.

Certain of our operations, or a portion thereof, are conducted through taxable REIT subsidiaries, each of which we refer to as a “TRS”. A TRS is a corporate subsidiary that has elected to be a TRS instead of a REIT and, as such, is subject to United States federal corporate income tax.  

Aimco Operating Partnership

Aimco Operating Partnership is treated as a “pass-through” entity for United States federal income tax purposes and is not subject to United States federal income taxation. Partners in Aimco Operating Partnership, however, are subject to tax on their allocable share of partnership income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits, regardless of whether the partners receive any actual distributions of cash or other property from Aimco Operating Partnership during the taxable year. Generally, the characterization of any particular item is determined by Aimco Operating Partnership rather than at the partner level, and the amount of a partner’s allocable share of such item is governed by the terms of Aimco Operating Partnership’s Partnership Agreement. Aimco Operating Partnership is subject to tax in certain states.

Regulation

General

Apartment development is subject to various laws, ordinances, and regulations, including those concerning entitlement, building, health and safety, site and building design, environment, zoning, sales, and similar matters apply to or affect the real estate development industry.

Apartment communities and their owners are subject to various laws, ordinances, and regulations, including those related to real estate broker licensing and regulations relating to recreational facilities such as swimming pools, activity centers, and other common areas.

Changes in laws increasing the potential liability for environmental conditions existing on communities or increasing the restrictions on discharges or other conditions, as well as changes in laws affecting development, construction, and safety requirements, may result in significant unanticipated expenditures, which could adversely affect our net income and cash flows from operating activities.

In addition, existing rent control laws, as well as future enactment of rent control or rent stabilization laws, or other laws and ordinances regulating multifamily housing, such as eviction moratoriums and the impact of governmental measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, may reduce rental revenue or increase operating costs in particular markets.

Environmental

Various federal, state, and local laws subject real estate owners or operators to liability for management, and the costs of removal or remediation, of certain potentially hazardous materials that may be present. These materials may include lead-based paint, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, and petroleum-based fuels. Such laws often impose liability without regard to fault or whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of such materials. In connection with the ownership of real estate, we could potentially be liable for environmental liabilities or costs associated with our real estate, whether currently owned, acquired in the future, or owned in the past. These and other risks related to environmental matters are described in more detail in Item 1A. Risk Factors.

4

 

---

 

 

Corporate Responsibility

Our corporate responsibility is an important part of our business. As with all other aspects of our business, our corporate responsibility program focuses on continuous improvement, to the benefit of our stockholders, our residents, our team members and our communities.

Human Capital and Culture

Our team is our most important asset, and our culture is key to our success. Our intentional focus on collaborative and productive culture based on respect for others and personal responsibility is reinforced by a preference for promotion from within. We focus on succession planning and talent development to produce a strong, stable team that is the enduring foundation of our success. We offer benefits reinforcing our value of caring for each other, including 16 weeks of paid time for parental leave to new mothers and fathers, a longstanding policy of workplace flexibility for our teammates to attend to personal and family matters during the workweek, office environments focused on natural light and ergonomic office furniture including adjustable height desks, paid time annually to volunteer in local communities, and a bonus structure at all levels of the organization.

 

We are responsible for and implement succession planning in all leadership positions, both in the short term and the long term.

 

We evaluate team engagement and retention and include those in our goals on which all teammates are compensated. Every team member is surveyed via a third-party, confidential survey on his or her annual anniversary of employment. The teammate engagement score consists of the average of the responses to the questions that comprise the engagement index, on a scale of 1 to 5, for all teammates who complete the survey during the year. Aimco’s overall team engagement score for the 2021 Annual Lifecycle Surveys was 4.21, compared to the target of 4.20.

 

As of December 31, 2021, we had 62 full-time team members, approximately 60% performing development or transactional services with the balance managing corporate and area functions, including debt and capital market transactions, legal, finance, accounting, and other support functions. None of our employees are represented by labor unions.

 

Our focus on our team and culture is recognized externally, as well. Out of hundreds of participating companies in 2021, we were one of only six recognized as a “Top Workplace” in Colorado for each of the past nine years. We were also recognized as a “Top Workplace” in Washington, D.C., where one of our headquarters is located in nearby Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, in 2021, the Company was recognized as one of the Denver Area’s Healthiest Employers in 2020.

 

Available Information

Our combined Annual Report on Form 10-K, our combined Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K filed by Aimco or Aimco Operating Partnership, and any amendments to any of those reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission are available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable through our website at www.aimco.com. The information contained on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The risk factors noted in this section, and other factors noted throughout this Annual Report, describe certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

RISKS RELATED TO BUSINESS

Adverse economic and geopolitical conditions, health crises and dislocations in the credit markets could affect our ability to collect rents and late fees from tenants, and our ability to evict tenants, in addition to having other negative effects on our business, which in turn could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Adverse economic and geopolitical conditions, local, regional, national, or international health crises and dislocations in the credit markets could negatively impact our tenants and our operations. For example, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted global economic activity and caused significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets. Both the global impact of the outbreak and the governmental measures taken in response to it continue to evolve.

Factors that have negatively impacted, or would negatively impact, our operations or those of entities in which we hold a partial interest during the COVID-19 pandemic or another health crisis, adverse economic or geopolitical event or dislocation in the credit market include:

5

 

---

 

 

 

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains challenging to predict the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy, our residents and commercial tenants, our communities, and the operations of entities in which we hold an interest (including our economic interest in the partnership owning the “Parkmerced Apartments”), or for how long disruptions are likely to continue. The extent of such impact will depend on developments, which are highly uncertain, rapidly evolving and cannot be predicted, including the ability to contain the virus, the emergence of new COVID-19 variants, the efficacy and availability of vaccines, the duration of measures implemented, and the overall impact of these measures. Such developments, depending on their nature, duration, and intensity, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. The COVID-19 pandemic also may have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described below.

We do not have control over the partnership owning the Parkmerced Apartments, the operation of which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our indirect interest in the partnership owning the Parkmerced Apartments is subject to certain risks, including, but not limited to, exposure to the skill and capital of the controlling party and those resulting from fluctuations in San Francisco occupancy rates, the operating disruption due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and associated governmental response, and the current economic situation which may result in all, or a portion of the loan not being repaid. Such risks could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Development, redevelopment, and construction risks could affect our profitability.

Development and redevelopment are subject to numerous risks, including the following:

6

 

---

 

 

Some of these development risks may be heightened given current uncertain and potentially volatile market conditions. If market volatility causes economic conditions to remain unpredictable or to trend downwards, we may not achieve our expected returns on properties under development and we could lose some or all of our investments in those properties. In addition, the lead time required to develop, construct, and lease-up a development property may increase, which could adversely impact our projected returns or result in a termination of the development project.

In addition, we may serve as either the construction manager or the general contractor for our development projects. The construction of real estate projects entails unique risks, including risks that the project will fail to conform to building plans, specifications, and timetables. These failures could be caused by labor strikes, weather, government regulations, and other conditions beyond our control. In addition, we may become liable for injuries and accidents occurring during the construction process that are underinsured.

Failure to generate sufficient net operating income may adversely affect our liquidity, limit our ability to fund necessary capital expenditures, or adversely affect our ability to pay dividends or distributions.

Our ability to fund necessary capital expenditures on our communities and make payments to our investors depends on, among other things, our ability to generate net operating income in excess of required debt payments and our ability to collect on interest and principal payments due to us. If we are unable to fund capital expenditures on our communities, we may not be able to preserve the competitiveness of our communities, which could adversely affect their net operating income and long-term value.

Our net operating income and liquidity may be adversely affected by events or conditions beyond our control, including:

Our ability to continue to grow or maintain our pipeline of development and redevelopment opportunities may be constrained.

We source development and redevelopment opportunities through various means, including from our operating portfolio, property acquisitions, and AIR. We may be unable to identify and complete acquisitions of properties compatible with our investment strategy. We may be unable to locate properties that will produce returns with a sufficient spread to our cost of capital.  The inability to source opportunities could impede our growth and could have a material adverse effect on us.  

7

 

---

 

 

Our properties are geographically concentrated in California, Chicago, Florida, and in the Northeast region of the United States, which makes us more susceptible to regional and local adverse economic and other conditions than if we owned a more geographically diversified portfolio.

The majority of our properties are located in California, Chicago, Florida, and in the Northeast region of the United States. As a result, we are particularly susceptible to adverse economic or other conditions in these markets (such as periods of economic slowdown or recession, business layoffs or downsizing, industry slowdowns, relocations of businesses, increases in real estate and other taxes, and the cost of complying with governmental regulations or increased regulation), as well as to natural disasters (including earthquakes, storms, and hurricanes), potentially adverse effects of “global warming,” and other disruptions that occur in these markets (such as terrorist activity or threats of terrorist activity and other events), any of which may have a greater impact on the value of our assets or on our operating results than if we owned a more geographically diversified portfolio.

We cannot assure you that these markets will grow or that underlying real estate fundamentals will be favorable to owners, operators, and developers of multifamily, retail, or office assets, or future development assets. Our operations may also be affected if competing assets are built in these markets. Moreover, submarkets within our core markets may be dependent upon a limited number of industries. Any adverse economic or other conditions, or any decrease in demand for office, multifamily, or retail assets could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Our development projects may subject us to certain liabilities, and we are subject to risks associated with developing properties in partnership with others.

We may hire and supervise third-party contractors to provide construction, engineering, and various other services for development projects. Certain of these contracts may be structured such that we are the principal rather than the agent. As a result, we may assume liabilities in the course of the project and be subjected to, or become liable for, claims for construction defects, negligent performance of work or other similar actions by third parties we have engaged.

Adverse outcomes of disputes or litigation could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition, particularly if we have not limited the extent of the damages for which we may be liable, or if our liabilities exceed the amounts of the insurance that we carry. Moreover, our tenants may seek to hold us accountable for the actions of contractors because of our role even if we have technically disclaimed liability as a legal matter, in which case we may determine it necessary to participate in a financial settlement for purposes of preserving the tenant or customer relationship or to protect our corporate brand. To the extent our tenants are obligated to reimburse us, acting as a principal may also mean that we pay a contractor before we have been reimbursed by our tenants. This exposes us to additional risks of collection in the event of a bankruptcy, insolvency, or a condominium purchaser default. The reverse can occur as well, where a contractor we have paid files for bankruptcy protection or commits fraud with the funds before completing a project that we have funded in part or in full.

Additionally, we use partnerships and limited liability companies to develop some of our real estate investments. Acting through our wholly owned subsidiaries, we typically will be the general partner or managing member in these partnerships or limited liability companies. There are, however, instances in which we may not control or even participate in management or day-to-day operations of these properties. The use of partnerships and limited liability companies involve special risks associated with the possibility that:

In the event any of our partners or members file for bankruptcy, we could be precluded from taking certain actions affecting our project without bankruptcy court approval, which could diminish our control over the project even if we were the general partner or managing member. In addition, if the bankruptcy court were to discharge the obligations of our partner or member, it could result in our ultimate liability for the project being greater than originally anticipated.

Further, disputes between us and a partner may result in litigation or arbitration that may increase our expenses and prevent our management from focusing their time and attention on our business.

To the extent we are a general partner, we may be exposed to unlimited liability, which may exceed our investment or equity in the partnership. If one of our subsidiaries is a general partner of a particular partnership, it may be exposed to the same kind of unlimited liability.

8

 

---

 

 

Development of properties may entail a lengthy, uncertain, and costly entitlement process.

Approval to develop real property sometimes requires political support and generally entails an extensive entitlement process involving multiple and overlapping regulatory jurisdictions and often requires discretionary action by local governments. Real estate projects must generally comply with local land development regulations and may need to comply with state and federal regulations. We may incur substantial costs to comply with legal and regulatory requirements. An increase in legal and regulatory requirements may cause us to incur substantial additional costs, or in some cases cause us to determine that the property is not feasible for development. In addition, our competitors and local residents may challenge our efforts to obtain entitlements and permits for the development of properties. The process to comply with these regulations is usually lengthy and costly, may not result in the approvals we seek, and can be expected to materially affect our development activities.

Government regulations and legal challenges may delay the start or completion of the development of our communities, increase our expenses or limit our building of apartments or other activities.

Various local, state, and federal statutes, ordinances, rules, and regulations concerning building, health and safety, site and building design, environment, zoning, sales, and similar matters apply to or affect the real estate development industry. In addition, our ability to obtain or renew permits or approvals and the continued effectiveness of permits already granted or approvals already obtained depends on factors beyond our control, such as changes in federal, state, and local policies, rules and regulations, and their interpretations and application.

Municipalities may restrict or place moratoriums on the availability of utilities, such as water and sewer taps. If municipalities in which we operate take such actions, it could have an adverse effect on our business by causing delays, increasing our costs, or limiting our ability to operate in those municipalities. These measures may reduce our ability to develop apartment communities and to build and sell other real estate development projects in the affected markets, including with respect to land we may already own, and create additional costs and administration requirements, which in turn may harm our future sales, margins, and earnings.

In addition, there is a variety of legislation being enacted, or considered for enactment, at the federal, state, and local level relating to energy and climate change. This legislation relates to items such as carbon dioxide emissions control and building codes that impose energy efficiency standards. New building code requirements that impose stricter energy efficiency standards could significantly increase our cost to construct buildings. Such environmental laws may affect, for example, how we manage storm water runoff, wastewater discharges, and dust; how we develop or operate on properties on or affecting resources such as wetlands, endangered species, cultural resources, or areas subject to preservation laws; and how we address contamination. As climate change concerns continue to grow, legislation and regulations of this nature are expected to continue and become more costly to comply with. In addition, it is possible that some form of expanded energy efficiency legislation may be passed by the U.S. Congress or federal agencies and certain state legislatures, which may, despite being phased in over time, significantly increase our costs of building apartment communities and the sale price to our buyers and adversely affect our sales volumes. We may be required to apply for additional approvals or modify our existing approvals because of changes in local circumstances or applicable law.

Energy-related initiatives affect a wide variety of companies throughout the United States and the world and, because our operations are heavily dependent on significant amounts of raw materials, such as lumber, steel, and concrete, they could have an indirect adverse impact on our operations and profitability to the extent the manufacturers and suppliers of our materials are burdened with expensive cap and trade and similar energy-related taxes and regulations. Our noncompliance with environmental laws could result in fines and penalties, obligations to remediate, permit revocations, other sanctions and reputational harm.

Governmental regulation affects not only construction activities but also sales activities, mortgage lending activities, and other dealings with consumers. Further, government agencies routinely initiate audits, reviews, or investigations of our business practices to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations, which can cause us to incur costs or create other disruptions in our business that can be significant. Further, we may experience delays and increased expenses as a result of legal challenges to our proposed communities, whether brought by governmental authorities or private parties.

Competition could limit our ability to lease apartment homes, increase or maintain rents or execute our development strategy.

Our apartment communities compete for residents with other housing alternatives, including other rental apartments and condominiums, and, to a lesser degree, single-family homes that are available for rent, as well as new and existing condominiums and single-family homes for sale. Competitive residential housing, as well as the lack of household formation and job creation in a particular area, could adversely affect our ability to lease apartment homes and to increase or maintain rental rates.

In addition, there are many developers, managers, and owners of apartment real estate and underdeveloped land, as well as REITs, private real estate companies, and investors, that compete with us, some of whom have greater financial resources and market share than us. If our competitors prevent us from realizing our real estate development objectives, our performance may fall short of our expectations and adversely affect our business.

9

 

---

 

 

Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, we may not be able to sell apartment communities or other assets when appropriate.

Real estate investments are relatively illiquid and generally cannot be sold quickly. REIT tax rules also restrict our ability to sell apartment communities. Thus, we may not be able to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other market conditions. Our ability to dispose of apartment communities in the future will depend on prevailing economic and market conditions, including the cost and availability of financing. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Potential liability or other expenditures associated with potential environmental contamination may be costly.

Various federal, state, and local laws subject real estate owners or operators to liability for management, and the costs of removal or remediation of certain potentially hazardous materials that may be present in the land or buildings. Potentially hazardous materials may include polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum-based fuels, lead-based paint, or asbestos, among other materials. Such laws often impose liability without regard to fault or whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such materials. The presence of, or the failure to manage or remediate properly, these materials may adversely affect occupancy at such real estate as well as the ability to sell or finance such real estate. In addition, governmental agencies may bring claims for costs associated with investigation and remediation actions, damages to natural resources, and for potential fines or penalties in connection with such damage or with respect to the improper management of hazardous materials. Moreover, private plaintiffs may potentially make claims for investigation and remediation costs they incur, or personal injury, disease, disability, or other infirmities related to the alleged presence of hazardous materials at an apartment community. In addition to potential environmental liabilities or costs associated with our current real estate, we may also be responsible for such liabilities or costs associated with communities we acquire or manage in the future, or real estate we no longer own or operate.

Rent control laws and other regulations that limit our ability to increase rental rates may negatively impact our rental income and profitability.

State and local governmental agencies may introduce rent control laws or other regulations that limit our ability to increase rental rates, which may affect our rental income. Especially in times of recession and economic slowdown, rent control initiatives can acquire significant political support. If rent controls unexpectedly became applicable to certain of our properties, our revenue from and the value of such properties could be adversely affected.

Laws benefiting disabled persons may result in our incurrence of unanticipated expenses.

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”), all places intended to be used by the public are required to meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 (“FHAA”) requires apartment communities first occupied after March 13, 1991, to comply with design and construction requirements for disabled access. For those apartment communities receiving federal funds, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 also has requirements regarding disabled access. These and federal, state, and local laws may require structural modifications to our apartment communities or changes in policy/practice or affect renovations of the communities. Noncompliance with these laws could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants and also could result in an order to correct any non-complying feature, which could result in substantial capital expenditures. Although we believe that our apartment communities are substantially in compliance with present requirements, we may incur unanticipated expenses to comply with the ADA, the FHAA, and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 in connection with the ongoing operation or redevelopment of our apartment communities.

Moisture infiltration and resulting mold remediation may be costly.

Although we are proactively engaged in managing moisture intrusion and preventing the presence of mold at our apartment communities, it is not unusual for periodic moisture intrusion to cause mold in isolated locations within an apartment community. We have implemented policies, procedures, and training, and include a detailed moisture intrusion and mold assessment during acquisition due diligence. We believe these measures will manage mold exposure at our apartment communities and will minimize the effects that mold may have on our residents. To date, we have not incurred any material costs or liabilities relating to claims of mold exposure or to abate mold conditions. We have only limited insurance coverage for property damage claims arising from the presence of mold and for personal injury claims related to mold exposure.

Although we are insured for certain risks, the cost of insurance, increased claims activity, or losses resulting from casualty events may affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We are insured for a portion of our real estate assets’ exposure to casualty losses resulting from fire, earthquake, hurricane, tornado, flood, and other perils, which insurance is subject to deductibles and self-insurance retention. We recognize casualty losses or gains based on the net book value of the affected asset and the amount of any related insurance proceeds. In many instances, the actual cost to repair or replace the apartment community may exceed its net book value and any insurance proceeds. We recognize the uninsured portion of losses as casualty losses in the periods in which they are incurred. In addition, we are self-insured for a portion of our exposure to third-party claims related to our workers’ compensation coverage and general liability exposure. With respect to our exposure to claims of third parties, we establish reserves at levels that reflect our known and estimated losses. The ultimate cost of losses and the impact of unforeseen events may vary materially from recorded reserves, and variances may adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. We purchase insurance to reduce our exposure to losses and limit our financial losses on large individual risks. The availability and cost of insurance are determined by market

10

 

---

 

 

conditions outside our control. No assurance can be made that we will be able to obtain and maintain insurance at the same levels and on the same terms as we do today. If we are not able to obtain or maintain insurance in amounts, we consider appropriate for our business, or if the cost of obtaining such insurance increases materially, we may have to retain a larger portion of the potential loss associated with our exposures to risks.

Natural disasters and severe weather may affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Natural disasters such as earthquakes and severe weather such as hurricanes may result in significant damage to our real estate assets. The extent of our casualty losses and loss in operating income in connection with such events is a function of the severity of the event and the total amount of exposure in the affected area. When we have geographic concentration of exposures, a single catastrophe (such as an earthquake) or destructive weather event (such as a hurricane) affecting a region may have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We cannot accurately predict natural disasters or severe weather, or the number and type of such events that will affect us. As a result, our operating and financial results may vary significantly from one period to the next. Although we anticipate and plan for losses, there can be no assurance that our financial results will not be adversely affected by our exposure to losses arising from natural disasters or severe weather in the future that exceed our previous experience and assumptions.

We depend on our senior management.

Our success and our ability to implement and manage anticipated future growth depend, in large part, upon the efforts of our senior management team, who have extensive market knowledge and relationships, and exercise substantial influence over our operational, financing, acquisition, and disposition activity. Members of our senior management team have national or regional industry reputations that attract business and investment opportunities and assist us in negotiations with lenders, existing and potential tenants, and other industry participants. The loss of services of one or more members of our senior management team, or our inability to attract and retain similarly qualified personnel, could adversely affect our business, diminish our investment opportunities, and weaken our relationships with lenders, business partners, existing and prospective tenants, and industry participants, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flow.

We rely on AIR to manage a majority of our properties. If AIR fails to efficiently manage such properties, tenants may not renew their leases, or we may become subject to unforeseen liabilities.

A majority of our properties are managed by AIR. We do not supervise AIR or its managers and employees on a day-to-day basis and we cannot assure you that they will manage such properties in a manner that is consistent with their obligations under our agreements, that they will not be negligent in their performance or engage in any criminal or fraudulent activity, or that they will not otherwise default on their management obligations to us. If any of the foregoing occurs, the relationships with our tenants at such properties could be damaged, which may cause the tenants not to renew their leases, and we could incur liabilities resulting from loss or injury to the properties or to persons at the properties. If we are unable to lease the properties or we become subject to significant liabilities as a result of AIR’s management performance, our financial condition and results of operations could be substantially harmed.

In addition to property management services, we depend on AIR to support certain of our property’s operations, and any adverse changes in the financial health of AIR or our relationship with it could hinder AIR’s ability to successfully manage our operations.

We are dependent on AIR to support certain of our property’s operations pursuant to the Property Management Agreement. Any adverse changes in the financial condition of AIR, AIR’s ability to retain or replace its employees, or our relationship with AIR, could hinder AIR’s ability to successfully manage our operations, which would materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our business and operations would suffer in the event of significant disruptions or cyberattacks of our information technology systems or our failure to comply with laws, rules and regulations related to privacy and data protection.

Information technology, communication networks, and related systems are essential to the operation of our business. We use these systems to manage our vendor relationships, internal communications, accounting and record-keeping systems, and many other key aspects of our business. Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage, and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks, which also depend on the strength of our procedures and the effectiveness of our internal controls. Information security risks have generally increased in recent years due to the rise in new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyberattacks.

11

 

---

 

 

Despite system redundancy, risk transfer, insurance, indemnification, the implementation of security measures, required employee awareness training, and the existence of a disaster recovery plan for our internal information technology systems, our systems, and systems maintained by third-party vendors with which we do business are vulnerable to damage from any number of sources. We face risks associated with energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war, telecommunication failures, and cyberattacks and intrusions, such as computer viruses, malware, attachments to emails, intrusion, and unauthorized access, including from persons inside our organization or from persons outside our organization with access to our systems. We may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our systems and have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Any compromise of our security could also result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation, loss, or misuse of the information (which may be confidential, proprietary, or commercially sensitive in nature), and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could harm our business.

We also are subject to laws, rules, and regulations in the United States, such as the California Consumer Protection Act (the “CCPA” (which became effective on January 1, 2020)), relating to the collection, use, and security of employee and other data. Evolving compliance and operational requirements under the CCPA and the privacy and data security laws of other jurisdictions in which we operate impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time. Our failure to comply with laws, rules, and regulations related to privacy and data protection could harm our business or reputation.

Third Party Purchase or Offer Rights, such as in our Master Leasing Agreement, may discourage third parties from negotiating with us with respect to the sale of our real property.

During the term of the Master Leasing Agreement, AIR will have a purchase option on the direct or indirect transfer of any real property owned or, subject to the consent of the landlord, leased by us (including indirect transfers pursuant to a transfer of equity interests in any of our subsidiaries that owns or leases such real property) and any rights to acquire real property, but excluding any property leased from AIR pursuant to the Master Leasing Agreement, with respect to real property for which redevelopment has been substantially completed by Aimco (if applicable) and that has reached a specified occupancy for a minimum time period and a right of first offer with respect to stabilized properties that Aimco is under contract to purchase, but excluding any such transfers in respect of certain of the operating properties. This right of first offer and purchase option may discourage third parties from negotiating with us with respect to the sale of our real property and may limit the number of interested buyers, and further may prevent us from receiving the maximum price that we may otherwise have obtained for such properties.

There may be, or there may be the appearance of, conflicts of interest in our relationship with AIR.

There may be, or there may be the appearance of, conflicts of interest in our relationship with AIR. The Separation was designed to minimize conflicts of interest between us and AIR (and we have formed the Aimco-AIR Transactions Committee to oversee prospective transactions between the two companies to ensure they are on arm’s length terms), however, there can be no assurance that such conflicts don’t exist.

Although we and AIR each have an independent Board and independent management and are incentivized to make decisions that are in the best interests of its respective business, Mr. Considine serves on both our and AIR’s Board, however, Mr. Considine will recuse himself from voting as a member of either Board during the approval or disapproval of any transactions between the two companies. In addition, as part of the Separation, AIR and Aimco entered into the Employee Matters Agreement, which provides that Mr. Considine will continue to serve Aimco with specific responsibilities for two years following the Separation to support the establishment and growth of the Aimco business, reporting directly to the Aimco Board.

The agreements between us and AIR generally do not limit or restrict AIR or its affiliates from engaging in any business or managing other entities that engage in business of the type conducted by us. Although we and AIR do not generally engage in the same business, AIR and its affiliates may in the future determine to redevelop or develop apartment communities and other real estate assets, some of which may be in close proximity to certain of our apartment communities. Certain business opportunities appropriate for us may also in the future be appropriate for AIR or its affiliates, and we may compete with AIR for certain business opportunities. This may cause us to compete with AIR for business opportunities or result in a change in our current business strategy.

12

 

---

 

 

Actual, potential, or perceived conflicts could give rise to investor dissatisfaction, settlements with stockholders, litigation or regulatory inquiries or enforcement actions. Appropriately dealing with conflicts of interest is complex and difficult, and our reputation could be damaged if we fail, or appear to fail, to deal appropriately with one or more potential, actual, or perceived conflicts of interest. Regulatory scrutiny of, or litigation in connection with, conflicts of interest could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, which could materially adversely affect our business in a number of ways, including causing a reluctance of counterparties to do business with us, a decrease in the prices of our equity securities, and a resulting increased risk of litigation and regulatory enforcement actions.

Our business could be negatively affected as a result of the actions of activist stockholders.

Publicly traded companies have increasingly become subject to campaigns by investors advocating corporate actions such as financial restructuring, increased borrowing, special dividends, stock repurchases, or even sales of assets or the entire company. Given our stockholder composition and other factors, it is possible our stockholders or future activist stockholders may attempt to effect such changes. Responding to proxy contests and other actions by such activist stockholders or others would be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations and divert the attention of our Board and senior management team from the pursuit of business strategies, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, perceived uncertainties as to our future direction as a result of stockholder activism or changes to the composition of the Board may lead to the perception of a change in the direction of the business, instability, or lack of continuity, which may be exploited by our competitors, cause concern to our current or potential lenders, partners, or others with whom we do business, and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDEBTEDNESS AND FINANCING

Our debt financing could result in foreclosure of our apartment communities, prevent us from making distributions on our equity, or otherwise adversely affect our liquidity.

As of December 31, 2021, a significant number of our apartment communities serve as collateral for our credit facility, property debt, construction loans, and two Notes Payable to subsidiaries of AIR (“Notes Payable to AIR”). Our secured credit facility matures in December 2023, subject to extension options. Certain of our subsidiaries have existing secured property-level debt equal to approximately $484.9 million and construction loans of approximately $168.4 million. Another is the obligator on the Notes Payable to AIR with an aggregated principal amount equal to approximately $534.1 million. Over time, we may become party to additional financing arrangements, including credit facilities or other bank debt, bonds, and mortgage financing. Our organizational documents do not limit the amount of debt that we may incur, and we have significant amounts of debt outstanding. Payments of principal and interest may leave us with insufficient cash resources to operate our communities or pay distributions required to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

In connection with such financing activities, we are subject to the risk that our cash flow from operations will be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest, and the risk that our indebtedness may not be refinanced or that the terms of any refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of then-existing indebtedness. If we fail to make required payments of principal and interest on our non-recourse debt, our lenders could foreclose on the apartment communities and other collateral securing such debt, which would result in the loss to us of income and asset value.

Disruptions in the financial markets could affect our ability to obtain financing and the cost of available financing and could adversely affect our liquidity.

Our ability to obtain financing and the cost of such financing depends on the overall condition of the United States credit markets. During periods of economic uncertainty, the United States credit markets may experience significant liquidity disruptions, which may cause the spreads on debt financings to widen considerably and make obtaining financing, both non-recourse property debt secured by stabilized properties, construction loans, and corporate borrowings such as those under our credit facilities, more difficult. In particular, apartment borrowers have benefited from the historic willingness of the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), to make substantial amounts of loans secured by multifamily properties, even in times of economic distress. These two lenders are federally chartered and subject to federal regulation, which is subject to change, making uncertain their prospects and ability to provide liquidity in a future downturn.

If our ability to obtain financing is adversely affected, we may be unable to satisfy scheduled maturities on existing financing through other sources of liquidity, which could result in a lender foreclosure on the apartment communities securing such debt and loss of income and asset value, both of which would adversely affect our liquidity.

13

 

---

 

 

Increases in interest rates would increase our interest expense and reduce our profitability, and the phasing out of LIBOR could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Our revolving secured credit facility contains a variable interest rate which may be based, in part, on LIBOR. An increase or decrease in LIBOR would likely increase or decrease our interest expense. An increase in interest expense may affect our profitability.

In March 2021, the Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, formally announced that the publication of LIBOR was ending and confirmed that USD LIBOR-indexed rates would cease to be published after June 30, 2023. Certain interbank offered rates (“IBOR”) ceased on December 31, 2021. In 2018, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as the recommended alternative to LIBOR. However, uncertainty exists in the markets as to the adoption and implementation of alternative reference rates. At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of any such changes, and any establishment of alternative reference rates. Due to the broad use of LIBOR as a reference rate, all financial market participants, including us, are impacted by the risks associated with this transition. Certain of our debt agreements, including our revolving secured credit facility, bear interest at rates that are calculated based, in part, on LIBOR. If LIBOR ceases to exist during the term of our agreements, the documents associated with our agreements contain language to address a transition to another benchmark rate. Accordingly, the phase-out of LIBOR and any other related changes or reforms, could have a material adverse effect on our financing costs, and as a result, our financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.

Covenant restrictions may limit our operations and impact our ability to make payments to our investors.

Some of our existing and/or future debt and other securities may contain covenants that restrict our activities. These may include covenants that limit our operations or impact our ability to make distributions or other payments unless certain financial tests or other criteria are satisfied, as well as certain other customary affirmative and negative covenants.

We may increase leverage in executing our development plan, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness.

We may decide to increase our leverage to execute our development plan. We will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and when making decisions regarding the incurrence of new indebtedness, including the estimated market value of our assets and the ability of particular assets, and our company as a whole, to generate cash flow to cover the expected debt service. Although our credit facility may limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, our governing documents do not limit the amount of debt we may incur, and we may change our target debt levels at any time without the approval of our stockholders. We may incur additional indebtedness from time to time in the future to finance working capital, capital expenditures, investments or acquisitions, or for other purposes. If we do so, the risks related to our indebtedness could intensify.

RISKS RELATED TO THE SEPARATION

We may be unable to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve from the Separation.

Following the Separation, we and AIR are two, focused and independent companies. We may not be able to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve as a company independent from AIR in the time we expect, if at all. For instance, it may take longer than anticipated for us to, or we may never, succeed in growing our revenues through our development and redevelopment business.

The Separation could give rise to disputes or other unfavorable effects, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.

In connection with the Separation, we entered into a Separation and Distribution Agreement with AIR, effective as of December 15, 2020 (the “Separation Agreement”), which, among other things, contains the agreements among the parties regarding the principal transactions that were necessary to effect the Separation. It also sets forth other agreements that govern certain aspects of the parties’ ongoing relationship after the Separation. The Separation may lead to increased operating and other expenses, of both a nonrecurring and a recurring nature, and to changes to certain operations, which expenses or changes could arise pursuant to arrangements made between AIR and us or could trigger contractual rights of, and obligations to, third parties. Disputes with third parties could also arise out of these transactions, and we could experience unfavorable reactions to the Separation from employees, lenders, ratings agencies, regulators, OP unitholders or other interested parties. These increased expenses, changes to operations, disputes with third parties or other effects could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations. In addition, disputes with AIR could arise in connection with each of the Separation Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement, the Property Management Agreements, the Master Services Agreement, the Master Leasing Agreement, or certain other agreements.

14

 

---

 

 

Although we have endeavored to enter into agreements on market terms, our agreements with AIR may not reflect terms that would have resulted from arm’s-length negotiations with unaffiliated third parties.

The agreements related to the Separation, including the Separation Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement, the Property Management Agreements, the Master Services Agreement, the Master Leasing Agreement, and certain other agreements were entered into in the context of the Separation while both companies were under common control. As a result, although we endeavored to enter into these agreements on market terms, they may not reflect terms that would have resulted from arm’s-length negotiations between unaffiliated third parties. The terms of the agreements entered into in the context of the Separation concern, among other things, allocation of assets and liabilities attributable to periods prior to the Separation and the rights and obligations, including certain indemnification obligations, of AIR and us after the Separation, certain services provided by us to AIR and by AIR to us after the Separation, and our lease from AIR of the Initial Leased Properties.

Following the Separation, we may be unable to make, on a timely or cost-effective basis, the changes necessary to operate as an independent company.

Following the Separation, AIR hired substantially all of Aimco’s existing employees (including Aimco’s existing property management employees), and Aimco retained approximately 50 employees. We have limited historical operations as a company independent from AIR and did not, following the Separation, have the infrastructure or personnel necessary to operate as an independent company without relying on AIR to provide certain services (such as those related to technology, payroll, etc.) on an ongoing basis. In connection with the Separation, we entered into a Master Services Agreement with AIR pursuant to which AIR will provide certain services to us to allow us to benefit from certain cost efficiencies in sharing certain resources and personnel. As a separate publicly traded company, Aimco is subject to, and responsible for, regulatory compliance, including periodic public filings with the SEC and compliance with the NYSE continued listing requirements as well as compliance with generally applicable tax and accounting rules, certain elements of which may rely on services provided by AIR under the Master Services Agreement. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully implement the infrastructure or retain or hire the personnel necessary to operate as an independent company or that we will not incur costs in excess of anticipated costs to establish such infrastructure and retain or hire such personnel. In the short term, we may pay rates for the services higher than those a third party would have paid or that we could have provided to ourselves.

RISKS RELATED TO TAX LAWS AND REGULATIONS

Aimco may fail to qualify as a REIT.

If Aimco fails to qualify as a REIT, Aimco will not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to its stockholders in computing its taxable income and will be subject to United States federal income tax at regular corporate rates. This would substantially reduce our funds available for general corporate usage or for distribution to our investors. Unless entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code, Aimco also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which it ceased to qualify as a REIT. In addition, Aimco’s failure to qualify as a REIT may place us in default under our credit facilities.

We believe that Aimco operates, and has since its taxable year ended December 31, 1994, operated, in a manner that enables it to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. However, qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Moreover, even a technical or inadvertent mistake could jeopardize our REIT status. Aimco’s continued qualification as a REIT will depend on its satisfaction of certain asset, income, investment, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership, and other requirements on a continuing basis. Aimco’s ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we do not obtain independent appraisals. Aimco’s compliance with the REIT annual income and quarterly asset requirements also depends upon our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. Moreover, the proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT qualification requirements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), will not contend that our interests in subsidiaries or other issuers constitutes a violation of the REIT requirements. Moreover, future economic, market, legal, tax, or other considerations may cause Aimco to fail to qualify as a REIT, or the Board of Aimco may determine to revoke its REIT status.

15

 

---

 

 

REIT distribution requirements limit our available cash.

As a REIT, Aimco is subject to annual distribution requirements. Aimco pays distributions, including taxable stock dividends, intended to enable Aimco to satisfy its distribution requirements. This limits the amount of cash available for other business purposes, including amounts to fund our growth. Aimco generally must distribute annually at least 90% of its “real estate investment trust taxable income,” which is generally equivalent to net taxable ordinary income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, in order for its distributed earnings not to be subject to United States federal corporate income tax. We intend to make distributions to Aimco’s stockholders to comply with the requirements applicable to REITs under the Code (which may be all cash or combination of cash and stock satisfying the requirements of applicable law). However, differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash could require us to sell apartment communities or borrow funds on a short-term or long-term basis to meet the 90% distribution requirement of the Code.

Aimco may be subject to federal, state, and local income taxes in certain circumstances.

Even as a REIT, Aimco may be subject to United States federal income and excise taxes in various situations, such as on its undistributed income. Aimco could also be required to pay a 100% tax on any net income on non-arm’s-length transactions between Aimco and a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) and on any net income from sales of apartment communities that were held for sale primarily in the ordinary course. State and local tax laws may not conform to the United States federal income tax treatment, and Aimco may be subject to state or local taxation in various state or local jurisdictions in which Aimco transacts business. Any taxes imposed on Aimco would reduce our operating cash flow and net income and could negatively impact our ability to pay dividends and distributions.

Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.

REITs are entitled to a United States federal income tax deduction for dividends paid to their stockholders. As compared to other taxable corporations, this ability to reduce or eliminate the REIT’s taxable income by paying dividends to stockholders is a principal benefit of maintaining REIT status, generally resulting in a lower combined tax liability of the REIT and its stockholders as compared to that of the combined tax liability of other taxable corporations and their stockholders. Notwithstanding this combined benefit, dividends payable by REITs may result in marginally higher taxes to the stockholder.

C-corporations are generally required to pay United States federal income tax on earnings. After-tax earnings are then available for stockholder dividends. The maximum United States federal tax rate applicable to income from “qualified dividends” payable to United States stockholders that are individuals, trusts, and estates is currently 20%, plus the 3.8% investment tax surcharge. While dividends payable by REITs are generally not eligible for the qualified dividend reduced rates, stockholders that are individuals, trusts, or estates, and meet certain requirements, may generally deduct 20% of the aggregate amount of ordinary dividends from REITs. This deduction is available for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2026, and will generally cause the maximum tax rate for ordinary dividends from REITs to be 29.6%, plus the 3.8% investment tax surcharge. The more favorable tax rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts, and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the shares of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including Aimco Common Stock.

Complying with the REIT requirements may cause Aimco to forgo otherwise attractive business opportunities.

To qualify as a REIT, Aimco must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of its income, the nature and diversification of its assets, the amounts distributed to Aimco stockholders, and the ownership of Aimco stock. As a result of these tests, Aimco may be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when Aimco does not have funds readily available for distribution, forgo otherwise attractive investment opportunities, liquidate assets in adverse market conditions, or contribute assets to a TRS that is subject to regular corporate federal income tax.

Changes to United States federal income tax laws could materially and adversely affect Aimco and Aimco’s stockholders.

The present United States federal income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial, or administrative action at any time, which could affect the United States federal income tax treatment of an investment in Aimco Common Stock. The United States federal income tax rules dealing with REITs are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the IRS, and the United States Treasury Department, which results in statutory changes as well as frequent revisions to regulations and interpretations. We cannot predict how changes in the tax laws might affect Aimco or Aimco’s stockholders. Revisions in federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could significantly and negatively affect Aimco’s ability to qualify as a REIT and the tax considerations relevant to an investment in Aimco Common Stock or could cause Aimco to change its investments and commitments.

16

 

---

 

 

RISKS RELATED TO AIMCO OPERATING PARTNERSHIP UNITS

There are restrictions on the ability to transfer and redeem Aimco Operating Partnership Units, there is no public market for Aimco Operating Partnership Units and holders of Aimco Operating Partnership Units are subject to dilution.

Aimco Operating Partnership agreement restricts the transferability of Aimco Operating Partnership Units (“OP Units”). Until the expiration of a one-year holding period, subject to certain exceptions, investors may not transfer OP Units without the consent of Aimco Operating Partnership’s general partner. Thereafter, investors may transfer such OP Units subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including the general partner’s right of first refusal. In addition, after the expiration of the one-year holding period, investors have the right, subject to the terms of Aimco Operating Partnership’s agreement, to require Aimco Operating Partnership to redeem all or a portion of such investor’s OP Units (in exchange for shares of Aimco Common Stock or cash, in Aimco Operating Partnership’s discretion) once per quarter on an exchange date set by Aimco Operating Partnership, provided such investor provides notice at least 45 days prior to the quarterly exchange date. See “Description of Aimco Operating Partnership Units and Summary of Aimco Operating Partnership Agreement—Redemption Rights of Qualifying Parties”. There is no public market for the OP Units. Aimco Operating Partnership has no plans to list any OP Units on a securities exchange. It is unlikely that any person will make a market in the OP Units, or that an active market for the OP Units will develop. If a market for the OP Units develops and the OP Units are considered “readily tradable” on a “secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof),” Aimco Operating Partnership would be classified as a publicly traded partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could have a material adverse effect on Aimco Operating Partnership and its unitholders.

In addition, Aimco Operating Partnership may issue an unlimited number of additional OP Units or other securities for such consideration and on such terms as it may establish, without the approval of the holders of OP Units. Such securities could have priority over the OP Units as to cash flow, distributions, and liquidation proceeds. The effect of any such issuance may be to dilute the interests of holders of OP Units.

Cash distributions by Aimco Operating Partnership are not guaranteed and may fluctuate with partnership performance.

Aimco Operating Partnership does not intend to make regular distributions to holders of OP Units (other than what is required for Aimco to maintain its REIT status). There can be no assurance regarding the amounts of available cash that Aimco Operating Partnership will generate or the portion that its general partner will choose to distribute. The actual amounts of available cash will depend upon numerous factors, including profitability of operations, required principal and interest payments on its debt, the cost of acquisitions (including related debt service payments), its issuance of debt and equity securities, fluctuations in working capital, capital expenditures, adjustments in reserves, prevailing economic conditions, and financial, business, and other factors, some of which may be beyond Aimco Operating Partnership’s control. Cash distributions depend primarily on cash flow, including from reserves, and not on profitability, which is affected by non-cash items. Therefore, cash distributions may be made during periods when Aimco Operating Partnership records losses and may not be made during periods when it records profits. Aimco Operating Partnership agreement gives the general partner discretion in establishing reserves for the proper conduct of the partnership’s business that will affect the amount of available cash. Aimco Operating Partnership may be required to make reserves for the future payment of principal and interest under its credit facilities and other indebtedness. In addition, Aimco Operating Partnership’s credit facilities may limit its ability to distribute cash to holders of OP Units. As a result of these and other factors, there can be no assurance regarding actual levels of cash distributions on OP Units, and Aimco Operating Partnership’s ability to distribute cash may be limited during the existence of any events of default under any of its debt instruments.

Holders of Aimco OP Units have limited voting rights and are limited in their ability to effect a change of control.

Aimco Operating Partnership is managed and operated by its general partner, Aimco. Unlike the holders of common stock in a corporation, holders of OP Units have only limited voting rights on matters affecting Aimco Operating Partnership’s business. Such matters relate to certain amendments of the partnership agreement and certain transactions such as the institution of bankruptcy proceedings, an assignment for the benefit of creditors and certain transfers by the general partner of its interest in Aimco Operating Partnership or the admission of a successor general partner. Holders of OP Units have no right to elect the general partner on an annual or other continuing basis, or to remove the general partner. As a result, holders of OP Units have limited influence on matters affecting the operation of Aimco Operating Partnership, and third parties may find it difficult to attempt to gain control over, or influence the activities of, Aimco Operating Partnership.

17

 

---

 

 

The limited partners of Aimco Operating Partnership are unable to remove the general partner of Aimco Operating Partnership or to vote in the election of Aimco’s directors unless they own shares of Aimco. In order to comply with specific REIT tax requirements, Aimco’s charter has restrictions on the ownership of its equity securities. As a result, Aimco Operating Partnership limited partners and Aimco stockholders are limited in their ability to effect a change of control of Aimco Operating Partnership and Aimco, respectively.

Holders of OP Units may not have limited liability in specific circumstances.

The limitations on the liability of limited partners for the obligations of a limited partnership have not been clearly established in some states. If it were determined that Aimco Operating Partnership had been conducting business in any state without compliance with the applicable limited partnership statute, or that the right or the exercise of the right by the holders of OP Units as a group to make specific amendments to the agreement of limited partnership or to take other action under the agreement of limited partnership constituted participation in the “control” of Aimco Operating Partnership’s business, then a holder of OP Units could be held liable under specific circumstances for Aimco Operating Partnership’s obligations to the same extent as the general partner.

Aimco may have conflicts of interest with holders of OP Units.

Conflicts of interest could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between the general partner of Aimco Operating Partnership and its affiliates (including Aimco), on the one hand, and Aimco Operating Partnership or any partner thereof, on the other. The directors and officers of the general partner have fiduciary duties to manage the general partner in a manner beneficial to Aimco, as the sole stockholder of the general partner. At the same time, as the general partner of Aimco Operating Partnership, it has fiduciary duties to manage Aimco Operating Partnership in a manner beneficial to Aimco Operating Partnership and its limited partners. The duties of the general partner of Aimco Operating Partnership to Aimco Operating Partnership and its partners may therefore come into conflict with the duties of the directors and officers of the general partner to its sole stockholder, Aimco. Such conflicts of interest might arise in the following situations, among others:

18

 

---

 

 

Provisions in the Aimco Operating Partnership agreement may limit the ability of a holder of OP Units to challenge actions taken by the general partner.

Delaware law provides that, except as provided in a partnership agreement, a general partner owes the fiduciary duties of loyalty and care to the partnership and its limited partners. The Aimco Operating Partnership agreement expressly authorizes the general partner to enter into, on behalf of Aimco Operating Partnership, a right of first opportunity arrangement and other conflict avoidance agreements with various affiliates of Aimco Operating Partnership and the general partner, on such terms as the general partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, believes are advisable. The latitude given in the Aimco Operating Partnership agreement to the general partner in resolving conflicts of interest may significantly limit the ability of a holder of OP Units to challenge what might otherwise be a breach of fiduciary duty. The general partner believes, however, that such latitude is necessary and appropriate to enable it to serve as the general partner of Aimco Operating Partnership without undue risk of liability.

The Aimco Operating Partnership agreement limits the liability of the general partner for actions taken in good faith. Aimco Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement expressly limits the liability of the general partner by providing that the general partner, and its officers and directors, will not be liable or accountable in damages to Aimco Operating Partnership, the limited partners, or assignees for errors in judgment or mistakes of fact or law or of any act or omission if the general partner or such director or officer acted in good faith. In addition, Aimco Operating Partnership is required to indemnify the general partner, its affiliates, and their respective officers, directors, employees, and agents to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses, judgments, fines, and other actions incurred by the general partner or such other persons, provided that Aimco Operating Partnership will not indemnify for (i) willful misconduct or a knowing violation of the law or (ii) for any transaction for which such person received an improper personal benefit in violation or breach of any provision of the partnership agreement. The provisions of Delaware law that allow the common law fiduciary duties of a general partner to be modified by a partnership agreement have not been resolved in a court of law, and the general partner has not obtained an opinion of counsel covering the provisions set forth in the Aimco Operating Partnership agreement that purport to waive or restrict the fiduciary duties of the general partner that would be in effect under common law were it not for the partnership agreement.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Aimco Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries may be prohibited from making distributions and other payments.

All of Aimco Operating Partnership’s real estate assets are owned by subsidiaries of Aimco Operating Partnership. As a result, Aimco Operating Partnership depends on distributions and payments from its subsidiaries in order to satisfy our financial obligations and make payments to our equity holders, as applicable. The ability of Aimco Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries to make such distributions and other payments depends on their earnings and cash flows and may be subject to statutory or contractual limitations. As an equity investor in the REIT subsidiaries and our subsidiaries, our right to receive assets upon their liquidation or reorganization are effectively subordinated to the claims of their creditors and any holders of preferred equity senior to our equity investments. To the extent that we are recognized as a creditor of such subsidiaries, our claims may still be subordinate to any security interest in or other lien on their assets and to any of their debt or other obligations that are senior to our claims.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

19

 

---

 

 

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We own a geographically diversified portfolio of operating properties that produce stable cash flow and serves to balance the risk and highly variable cash flows associated with our portfolio of development and redevelopments and value-add investments. Our entire portfolio of operating properties includes 29 apartment communities (25 consolidated properties and four unconsolidated properties) located in ten major U.S. markets and with average rents in line with local market averages (generally defined as B class). We also own one commercial office building that is part of an assemblage with an adjacent apartment building. Our current Development and Redevelopment portfolio consists of nine properties, including developable land, located primarily in the same ten major U.S. markets as our operating properties.

Additional information about our consolidated real estate, including property debt, is contained in “Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, the Company may be a party to certain legal proceedings, incidental to the normal course of business. While the outcome of the legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes there are no legal proceedings pending that would have a material effect upon on our financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

 

20

 

---

 

 

 

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Aimco

Aimco’s Common Stock is listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol “AIV.”

On February 28, 2022, there were 152,556,271 shares of Common Stock outstanding, held by 774 stockholders of record. The number of holders does not include individuals or entities who beneficially own shares but whose shares are held of record by a broker or clearing agency but does include each such broker or clearing agency as one record holder.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

From time to time, Aimco may issue shares of common stock in exchange for OP Units, defined under the Aimco Operating Partnership heading below. Such shares are issued based on an exchange ratio of one share for each common OP Unit. Aimco may also issue shares of common stock in exchange for limited partnership interests in consolidated real estate partnerships. Please refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for further discussion of such exchanges.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, Aimco issued approximately 595,000 shares of common stock in exchange for OP Units in these transactions. Such shares were issued in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Repurchases of Equity Securities

There were no repurchases by Aimco of its common equity securities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Aimco’s Board has, from time to time, authorized Aimco to repurchase shares of its outstanding common stock. As of December 31, 2021, Aimco was authorized to repurchase approximately 10.4 million shares. This authorization has no expiration date. These repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.

Aimco Operating Partnership

Interests in Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are referred to as OP Units. OP Units are common partnership units (“common OP Units”). There is no public market for OP Units, and we have no intention of listing the common partnership units on any securities exchange. In addition, Aimco Operating Partnership’s Partnership Agreement restricts the transferability of OP Units.

On February 28, 2022, there were 160,506,244 common partnership units and equivalents outstanding (152,556,271 of which were held by Aimco) that were held by 2,229 unitholders of record.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

Aimco Operating Partnership did not issue any unregistered OP Units during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.

Repurchases of Equity Securities

Aimco Operating Partnership’s Partnership Agreement generally provides that after holding common OP Units for one-year, limited partners other than Aimco have the right to redeem their common OP Units for cash or, at our election, shares of Aimco Common Stock on a one-for-one basis (subject to customary antidilution adjustments). During the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately 595,000 common OP Units were redeemed in exchange for shares of Common Stock. During the same period, approximately 13,000 common OP Units were redeemed in exchange for cash at an average price of $5.76.

21

 

---

 

 

Dividend and Distribution Payments

As a REIT, Aimco is required to distribute annually to holders of its Common Stock at least 90% of its “real estate investment trust taxable income,” which, as defined by the Code and United States Department of Treasury regulations, is generally equivalent to net taxable ordinary income. Aimco’s Board determines and declares its dividends. In making a dividend determination, Aimco’s Board considers a variety of factors, including REIT distribution requirements; current market conditions; liquidity needs; and other uses of cash, such as deleveraging and accretive investment activities. Aimco plans to reinvest earnings to facilitate growth and, therefore, does not presently intend to pay a regular quarterly cash dividend.

Stockholders receiving any dividend, whether payable in cash or cash and shares of Aimco Common Stock, will be required to include the full amount of such dividend as income to the extent of Aimco’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes for the year of such dividend and may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividend in excess of the cash dividend received. With respect to certain non-United States stockholders, Aimco may be required to withhold United States tax with respect to such dividend, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in Common Stock.

The Board of Aimco Operating Partnership’s general partner determines and declares distributions on OP Units. Aimco, through a wholly owned subsidiary, is the sole general partner. As of December 31, 2021, Aimco owned 93.1% of the legal interest in the common partnership units of Aimco Operating Partnership and 95.0% of the economic interest of Aimco Operating Partnership. Aimco Operating Partnership holds all of Aimco’s assets and manages the daily operations of Aimco’s business. The distributions paid by Aimco Operating Partnership to Aimco are used by Aimco to fund the dividends paid to its stockholders. Accordingly, the per share dividends Aimco pays to its stockholders generally equal the per unit distributions paid by Aimco Operating Partnership to holders of its common partnership units.

Our revolving credit agreement includes customary covenants, including a restriction on dividends and other restricted payments, but permits dividends and distributions as may be necessary to maintain Aimco’s REIT status.

22

 

---

 

 

Performance Graph

The following graph compares cumulative total returns for Aimco’s Common Stock, the FTSE Nareit Equity Apartments Index, the Russell 2000, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Total Return Index (“S&P 500 Index”), and the MSCI US REIT Index. The FTSE Nareit Equity Apartments Index is published by The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), a representative of real estate investment trusts and publicly traded real estate companies with interests in United States real estate and capital markets. The MSCI US REIT Index is published by Morgan Stanley Capital International Inc., a provider of equity indices. The MSCI US REIT Index reflects total shareholder return for a broad range of REITs and the FTSE Nareit Equity Apartments Index provides a more direct multifamily peer comparison of total shareholder return. We intend to discontinue presentation of the MSCI US REIT Index and S&P 500 Index in future stock performance graphs as the FTSE Nareit Equity Apartments Index will serve as our sector comparison and the Russell 2000 will serve as our broad-based market index.

The indices are weighted for all companies that fit the definitional criteria of the particular index and are calculated to exclude companies as they are acquired and to add companies to the index calculation as they become publicly traded companies. All companies that fit the definitional criteria and existed at the point in time presented are included in the index calculations. The graph assumes the investment of $100 in Aimco’s Common Stock and in each index on December 31, 2016, and that all dividends paid have been reinvested. The historical information set forth on the following page is not necessarily indicative of future performance.

 

 

The Performance Graph will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing by Aimco under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that Aimco specifically incorporates the same by reference.

 

23

 

---

 

 

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This section of the Form 10-K generally discusses 2021 and 2020 items and year-to-year comparisons of 2021 and 2020. Discussions of 2019 items and year-to-year comparisons of 2020 and 2019 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 on our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Executive Overview

Our mission is to make real estate investments, primarily focused on the multifamily sector within the continental United States, where outcomes are enhanced through our human capital so that substantial value is created for investors, teammates, and the communities in which we operate.

Please refer to “Item 1. Business” for additional discussion of our business organization and strategy and “Item 2. Properties” and “Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation” for details regarding the size, location, and key characteristics of our various properties.

The Separation

On December 15, 2020, Aimco completed the separation of AIR from Aimco, creating two distinct, independent businesses. Prior to the Separation, the consolidated financial statements were prepared on a carve-out basis and reflect significant assumptions and allocations. The consolidated financial statements reflect our historical financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The financial statements of Aimco are presented for all historical periods described and at the carrying value of such assets and liabilities reflected in Aimco Predecessor’s books and records.

Results for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2021

 

The results from the execution of our business plan during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, are described below.

 

Financial Results and 2021 Highlights

Our business is organized around defined areas of strategic focus: value add and opportunistic real estate; alternative investments; investment activity; operating properties; balance sheet; and team and culture.

Value Add, Opportunistic and Alternative Investments

 

Development and Redevelopment

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we invested approximately $215 million in our development and redevelopment projects.

24

 

---

 

 

Construction Activity

Lease-up Progress

 

Alternative Investments

 

 

25

 

---

 

 

 

Investment Activity

 

Leasehold Agreements

 

 

Acquisitions

 

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we completed the following acquisitions:

 

 

Joint Venture Transactions

 

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we completed the following joint venture agreements:

 

 

Operating Property Results

We own a geographically diversified portfolio of operating properties that produce stable cash flow and serves to balance the risk and highly variable cash flows associated with its portfolio of development and redevelopments and value-add investments. Our operating properties produced solid results for the year ended December 31, 2021.

26

 

---

 

 

Highlights for the year ended December 31, 2021, include:

1001 Brickell Bay Drive, a waterfront office building in Miami, Florida owned as part of a larger assemblage, was 80.2% occupied on December 31, 2021.

Balance Sheet

We capitalize our activities through a combination of non-recourse property debt, construction loans, third-party equity, and the recycling of Aimco equity, including retained earnings. We plan to limit the use of recourse leverage, with a strong preference towards non-recourse property-level debt in order to limit risk to the Aimco enterprise. When warranted, we plan to seek equity capital from joint venture partners to improve our cost of capital, further leverage Aimco equity, reduce exposure to a single investment and, in certain cases, for strategic benefits.

We are highly focused on maintaining ample liquidity. As of December 31, 2021, we had access to $394.6 million, including $233.4 million of cash on hand, $11.2 million of restricted cash, and the capacity to borrow up to $150.0 million on our revolving credit facility. Please refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section for additional information regarding our leverage.

In evaluating our financial condition and operating performance we use non-GAAP measures, including Adjusted EBITDAre, which we believe is useful to investors and creditors as a supplemental measure of our ability to incur and service debt. Our Adjusted EBITDAre for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $81.4 million. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section for further information about the calculation of Adjusted EBITDAre and our leverage ratios.

Financing Activity

 During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a $150.0 million variable-rate non-recourse construction loan collateralized by our leasehold interest and AIR’s fee ownership interest in Flamingo North Tower. The initial term of the loan is three years and bears interest at one month LIBOR plus 360 basis points subject to a minimum all-in per annum interest rate of 3.85%. As of December 31, 2021, we had $130.3 million of principal outstanding. Certain consolidated subsidiaries have indemnified AIR for any losses it incurs as a result of a default on the loan by Aimco.

Also, during the year ended December 31, 2021, we entered into a $100.7 million variable-rate non-recourse construction loan collateralized by our fee ownership interest in The Hamilton. The initial term of the loan is three years and bears interest at one month LIBOR plus 320 basis points subject to a minimum all-in per annum interest rate of 3.45%. As of December 31, 2021, we had $38.1 million of principal outstanding.

We also closed on two non-recourse loans for $60.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. The loans have 10-year terms and a weighted average fixed interest rate of 3.09%. Proceeds from the loans were used to fund the acquisition of Eldridge Townhomes and other investment activities.

If LIBOR ceases to exist during the term of these agreements, the documents associated with these agreements contain language to address a transition to another benchmark rate. It is anticipated LIBOR will be replaced with SOFR, however, if SOFR were to not be available the agreements contain alternate provisions.

Additionally, we closed a preferred equity financing arrangement with an institutional equity investor for $52.2 million, accruing at a 9.7% interest rate, related to the completion of construction activities at Upton Place.

Human Capital and Culture

Our team is our most important asset, and our culture is key to our success. In connection with the Separation, we retained approximately 50 Aimco employees, including: Wes Powell, Chief Executive Officer; Lynn Stanfield, Chief Financial Officer; and Jennifer Johnson, Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel; each of whom has more than 17 years of Aimco experience. In addition, former Aimco Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Terry Considine has been actively engaged throughout the transition period with a particular focus on strategic guidance and new business.

Aimco benefits from having experienced leaders located in each of four regional hubs where they utilize their local knowledge and connections to source and execute on exceptional investment opportunities. We believe the talent of our team, and our ability to retain that talent through a rewarding and balanced work-life culture, will result in superior outcomes and is key to our long-

27

 

---

 

 

term success. We offer benefits reflecting this belief, including paid time for parental leave, paid time annually to volunteer in local communities, a bonus structure at all levels of the organization, and flexibility in work locations and schedules.

Our focus on our team and culture is recognized externally, as well. Out of hundreds of participating companies in 2021, we were one of only six recognized as a “Top Workplace” in Colorado for each of the past nine years. We were also recognized as a “Top Workplace” in Washington, D.C., where one of our headquarters is located in nearby Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, in 2021, the Company was recognized as one of the Denver Area’s Healthiest Employers in 2020.

Financial Results of Operations

We have three segments: (i) Development and Redevelopment; (ii) Operating; and (iii) Other. Our Development and Redevelopment segment includes properties that are under construction, in pre-construction, or have not achieved stabilization, as well as land assemblages that are being held for development adjacent to The Hamilton community and other land purchases. The Development and Redevelopment segment also includes our five leased properties; two are under construction and three are operational but have not achieved stabilization. Our Operating segment includes majority owned residential communities that have achieved stabilized level of operations as of January 1, 2020, and maintained it throughout the current year and comparable period. Our Other segment includes our recent Eldridge Townhomes acquisition, stabilized but not owned for a comparable reporting period, and 1001 Brickell Drive, our only office building.

The following discussion and analysis of the results of our operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

Net loss decreased by $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020. Net income decreased by $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared 2019.

Detailed Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2021, Compared to 2020 and the Year Ended December 31, 2020, Compared to 2019

Property Results

As of December 31, 2021, our Development and Redevelopment segment included five properties that were under construction, one in planning, and three properties in lease-up. Our Operating segment included 24 communities with 6,067 apartment homes, and our Other segment includes our recent Eldridge Townhomes acquisition, and one office building.

We use proportionate property net operating income to assess the operating performance of our segments. Proportionate property net operating income is defined as our share of rental and other property revenues, excluding utility reimbursements, less direct property operating expenses, net of utility reimbursements, for consolidated communities. In our consolidated statements of operations, utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues, in accordance with GAAP. Accordingly, the results of operations of our segments discussed below are presented on a proportionate basis and exclude the results of four apartment communities with an aggregate 142 apartment homes that we neither manage nor consolidate, notes receivable, our investment in IQHQ and the Mezzanine Investment.

We do not include property management costs and casualty gains or losses, reported in consolidated amounts, in our assessment of segment performance. Accordingly, these items are not allocated to our segment results discussed below.

Please refer to Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for further discussion regarding our segments, including a reconciliation of these proportionate amounts to consolidated rental and other property revenues and property operating expenses.

28

 

---

 

 

Proportionate Property Net Operating Income

The results of our segments for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, as presented below, are based on segment classifications as of December 31, 2021.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020, our Development and redevelopment proportionate net operating income increased by $4.0 million due primarily to the delivery and lease up of units at newly constructed or redeveloped apartment communities.

 

Operating proportionate property net operating income increased by $3.7 million, or 4.1% for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020. The increase was attributable to a $5.5 million, or 4.2% increase in rental and other property revenues due to higher average revenues of $47 per apartment home, and a 160-basis point increase in occupancy, offset partially by a $1.8 million, or 4.3%, increase in property operating expenses due primarily to higher real estate taxes and insurance.

 

Other proportionate property net operating income increased by $1.3 million, or 14.4% for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020, due primarily to the acquisition of Eldridge Townhomes in the third quarter of 2021.

The results of our segments for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, as presented below, are based on segment classification as of December 31, 2021. These amounts have been adjusted retrospectively to reflect a normalized period for comparison purposes.

 

Development and redevelopment proportionate property net operating income increased by $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019, due to the acquisition of The Hamilton in August 2020.

 

29

 

---

 

 

 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019, our Operating proportionate property net operating income decreased by $1.0 million, or 1.1% as operations at Aimco properties were impacted by the pandemic and related restrictions. This decrease was attributable to a $0.4 million, or 0.3%, decrease in rental and other property revenues and a $0.6 million, or 1.4%, increase in property operating expenses.

 

Other proportionate property net operating income increased by $3.9 million, or 78.3% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019, due to the acquisition of 1001 Brickell Bay Drive in July 2019.

Non-Segment Real Estate Operations

Operating income amounts not attributed to our segments include property management costs, casualty losses, and, if applicable, the results of apartment communities sold or held for sale, reported in consolidated amounts, which we do not allocate to our segments for purposes of evaluating segment performance.

Depreciation and Amortization

For the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020, depreciation and amortization expense increased by $6.7 million, or 8.7%, due primarily to additional assets being placed into service.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019, depreciation and amortization expense increased by $13.9 million, or 21.8%, due primarily to depreciation and amortization of assets at 1001 Brickell Bay Drive, acquired in July 2019, and The Hamilton, acquired in August 2020.

General and Administrative Expenses

For the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020, general and administrative expenses increased by $22.7 million, or 216.7%, due primarily to lower allocation of expenses from Aimco Predecessor in 2020 as compared to the actual costs experienced running the separate business in 2021.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019, general and administrative expenses increased $3.4 million, due primarily to audit and tax fees incurred as a separate legal entity and increased allocation of expenses from Aimco Predecessor.

Interest Expense

For the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020, interest expense increased by $25.4 million, or 92.3% primarily due to interest associated with the Notes Payable to AIR entered into in conjunction with the Separation, which Notes Payable were funded on December 15, 2020.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019, interest expense, which includes the amortization of debt issuance costs, increased $8.9 million due primarily to higher prepayment penalties and outstanding debt balances including the Notes Payable to AIR and debt related to the 2019 acquisition of Brickell.

Mezzanine Investment Income, Net

On November 26, 2019, Aimco Predecessor made a five-year, $275.0 million mezzanine loan to a partnership owning Parkmerced Apartments, located in southwest San Francisco. The loan is junior to a $1.5 billion first mortgage position and bears interest at a 10% annual rate, accruing if not paid from property operations. As discussed in Note 2, ownership of the subsidiary that originated and holds the note was retained by AIR, and AIR is obligated to transfer ownership of the subsidiaries that hold this interest to us upon receipt of applicable third-party consent. As of December 31, 2021, the total receivable including accrued and unpaid interest was $337.8 million. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized $30.4 million of income in connection with the mezzanine loan, compared to $27.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Interest Rate Options

We are required to adjust our interest rate options to fair value on a quarterly basis. As a result of the mark-to-market adjustment, we recorded an unrealized gain in the amount of $6.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, and we recorded an unrealized gain in the amount of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

30

 

---

 

 

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net, includes costs associated with our risk management activities, partnership administration expenses, valuation changes associated with equity investments, fee income, and certain other non-recurring items. For the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020, other income (expense), net increased by $13.4 million due primarily to $8.0 million of fees earned related to specific acquisition and development services during the year ended December 31, 2021, with the remaining differences primarily being valuation changes in our investments in property technology funds consisting of privately held entities that develop technology related to the real estate industry.

Other income (expense), net, for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019 was relatively flat.

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)

Certain of our operations, or a portion thereof, are conducted through taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRS entities. Additionally, our TRS entities hold investments in real estate.

Our income tax benefit calculated in accordance with GAAP includes income taxes associated with the income or loss of our TRS entities. Income taxes, as well as changes in valuation allowance and incremental deferred tax items in conjunction with intercompany asset transfers and internal restructurings (if applicable), are included in income tax benefit in our consolidated statements of operations.

For our TRS entities, deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for United States federal income tax purposes and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. We reduce deferred tax assets by recording a valuation allowance when we determine it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. We assess the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets through a review of the reversals of temporary differences, available tax planning strategies, future taxable income, and considering all available positive and negative evidence. We recognize the tax consequences associated with intercompany transfers between Aimco Operating Partnership and TRS entities when such transactions occur. Please refer to Note 8 for further information about our income taxes.

Consolidated GAAP income or loss subject to tax consists of pretax income or loss of our taxable entities and gains retained by the REIT. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we had net losses subject to tax of $31.4 million, compared to $25.5 million in 2020.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized income tax benefit of $13.6 million, compared to a benefit of $10.1 million during 2020. The change is due primarily to income tax benefit associated with internal restructuring, changes to our effective state rate expected to apply to the reversal of our existing deferred items, and higher losses at our TRS entities.

31

 

---

 

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity is the ability to meet present and future financial obligations. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and borrowing capacity under our loan agreements.

As of December 31, 2021, our available liquidity was $394.6 million, which consisted of:

We have commitments for, and expect to spend, approximately $265.5 million on development and redevelopment projects, with $256.5 million undrawn on our construction loans. As of December 31, 2021, we had a commitment to fund an additional $14.2 million to IQHQ, which we funded subsequent to year end. We have unfunded commitments related to our real estate technology funds of $3.2 million, the timing of which is uncertain. Our principal uses for liquidity include normal operating activities, payments of principal and interest on outstanding debt, capital expenditures, and future investments. Additionally, our third-party property managers may enter into commitments on our behalf to purchase goods or services in connection with the operation of our apartment communities and our office building. Those commitments generally have terms of one year or less and reflect expenditure levels comparable to historical levels.

We expect to fund any future acquisitions, redevelopment, development, and other capital spending principally with operating cash flows, short-term borrowings, and debt and equity financing. Our near-term business plan does not contemplate the issuance of equity. We believe, based on the information available at this time, that we have sufficient cash on hand and access to additional sources of liquidity to meet our operational needs for 2022 and beyond.

In the event that our cash and cash equivalents, revolving secured credit facility, and cash provided by operating activities are not sufficient to cover our liquidity needs, we have the means to generate additional liquidity, such as from additional property financing activity and proceeds from apartment community sales. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, including debt maturities, development and redevelopment spending, and future investment activity, primarily through property financing activity, cash generated from operations, and the recycling of Aimco equity. Our revolving secured credit facility matures in December 2023, prior to consideration of its two one-year extension options.

Leverage and Capital Resources

The availability and cost of credit and its related effect on the overall economy may affect our liquidity and future financing activities, both through changes in interest rates and access to financing. Currently, interest rates are low compared to historical levels, and financing is readily available. Any adverse changes in the lending environment could negatively affect our liquidity. We have taken steps to mitigate a portion of our repricing risk. However, if property or development financing options become unavailable, we may consider alternative sources of liquidity, such as reductions in capital spending or apartment community dispositions.

As of December 31, 2021, approximately 41% of our leverage consisted of property-level, non-recourse, amortizing debt. Approximately 89% of our property-level debt is fixed-rate, which provides a hedge against increases in interest rates, capitalization rates, and inflation. The weighted-average remaining term to maturity of our non-recourse property-level debt was 5.4 years at a weighted-average interest rate of 3.09%.

While our primary source of leverage is property-level debt, we also have a credit facility with a syndicate of financial institutions, Notes Payable to AIR, and construction loans. As of December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding borrowings under our revolving secured credit facility, swingline loan sub-facility and letter of credit sub-facility and had capacity to borrow up to $150.0 million. Under our revolving secured credit facility, we have agreed to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25x, minimum tangible net worth of $625.0 million, and maximum leverage of 60% as defined in the credit agreement. We are currently in compliance and expect to remain in compliance with these covenants.

32

 

---

 

 

As of December 31, 2021, approximately 45% of our leverage consisted of Notes Payable to AIR, with a fixed interest rate of 5.2% and a term to maturity of 2.1 years, and approximately 14% consisted of our variable-rate non-recourse construction loans.

33

 

---

 

 

On April 15, 2021, we entered into a $150.0 million variable-rate non-recourse construction loan collateralized by our leasehold interest and AIR’s fee ownership interest in Flamingo North Tower. The initial term of the loan is three years and bears interest at one month LIBOR plus 360 basis points subject to a minimum all-in per annum interest rate of 3.85%. As of December 31, 2021, we had $130.3 million of principal outstanding. Certain consolidated subsidiaries have indemnified AIR for any losses it incurs as a result of a default on the loan by Aimco. We recorded $3.8 million of deferred financing costs which will be amortized over the three-year term of the loan.

 

On June 21, 2021, we entered into a $100.7 million variable-rate non-recourse construction loan collateralized by our fee ownership interest in The Hamilton. The initial term of the loan is three years and bears interest at one month LIBOR plus 320 basis points subject to a minimum all-in per annum interest rate of 3.45%. As of December 31, 2021, we had $38.1 million of principal outstanding. We recorded $2.3 million of deferred financing costs which will be amortized over the three-year term of the loan.

Changes in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following discussion relates to changes in consolidated cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash due to operating, investing, and financing activities, which are presented in our consolidated statements of cash flows in Item 8 of this report.

Operating Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash provided by operating activities was $12.6 million. Our operating cash flow is primarily affected by rental rates, occupancy levels, operating expenses related to our portfolio of apartment communities, and general and administrative costs. Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021, decreased by $35.3 million compared to 2020 due to higher operating and general and administrative expenses.

Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020, decreased by $10.1 million compared to 2019, due primarily to lower net cash contribution from our properties, which were negatively impacted by governmental measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and general and administrative and other increases related to the Separation, partially offset by the incremental contribution from properties acquired in 2020 and 2019.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021, increased by $142.1 million compared to 2020, due primarily to capital expenditures and cash used in the purchase of The Benson Hotel, the Eldridge Townhomes, and construction costs on our development properties.

Capital additions totaled $177.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. We generally fund capital additions with available cash and cash provided by operating activities, and construction loans.

We exclude the amounts of capital spending related to commercial spaces and to apartment communities sold or classified as held for sale at the end of the period from the foregoing measures. We have also excluded from these measures indirect capitalized costs, which are not yet allocated to communities with capital additions, and their related capital spending categories.

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020, decreased by $283.5 million compared to 2019, due primarily to the $277.6 million payment made by Aimco Predecessor on November 26, 2019, for the Mezzanine Investment. Adding to the decrease in cash used in investing was lower capital expenditures. The lower capital expenditures resulted from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic whereby temporary local restrictions halted construction activity at many apartment communities.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021, decreased by $165.4 million compared to 2020, due primarily to the non-recurring $420.9 million investment received from Aimco Predecessor in connection with the Separation. The decrease was partially offset primarily by draws on construction loans, proceeds from non-recourse property loans, and lower principal repayments on non-recourse property debt.

Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020, increased by $9.9 million compared to 2019, due primarily to the $420.9 million investment from Aimco Predecessor. Partially offsetting this were higher principal payments on our non-recourse property debt, purchase of the interest rate options and deferred financing costs.

Non-GAAP Measures

We use EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre in managing our business and in evaluating our financial condition and operating performance. These key financial indicators are non-GAAP measures and are defined and described below. We provide

34

 

---

 

 

reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable financial measure computed in accordance with GAAP.

Earnings Before Interest Expense, Income Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate (EBITDAre)

EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre are non-GAAP measures, which we believe are useful to investors, creditors, and rating agencies as a supplemental measure of our ability to incur and service debt because they are recognized measures of performance by the real estate industry and allow for comparison of our credit strength to different companies. EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre should not be considered alternatives to net income (loss) as determined in accordance with GAAP as indicators of liquidity. There can be no assurance that our method of calculating EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre is comparable with that of other real estate investment trusts. Nareit defines EBITDAre as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, and amortization expense, further adjusted for:

EBITDAre is defined by Nareit and provides for an additional performance measure independent of capital structure for greater comparability between real estate investment trusts. We define Adjusted EBITDAre as EBITDAre adjusted to exclude the effect of net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships and EBITDAre adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests, and unrealized gain on interest rate options, which we believe allow investors to compare a measure of our earnings before the effects of our capital structure and indebtedness with that of other companies in the real estate industry. Additionally, we exclude interest income recognized on our Mezzanine Investment that was accrued but not paid.

The reconciliation of net (loss) income to EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, is as follows (in thousands):

 

35

 

---

 

 

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions. We believe that the following critical accounting policies involve our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Capitalized Costs

We capitalize costs, including certain indirect costs, incurred in connection with our capital additions activities, including developments, redevelopments, other tangible apartment community improvements, and replacements of existing community components. Included in these capitalized costs are payroll costs associated with time spent by employees in connection with the planning, execution, and control of all capital addition activities at our communities. We characterize as “indirect costs” an allocation of certain department costs, including payroll, at the area operations and corporate levels that clearly relate to capital addition activities. We also capitalize interest, property taxes, and insurance during periods in which redevelopments are in progress. We commence capitalization of costs, including certain indirect costs, incurred in connection with our capital addition activities, at the point in time when activities necessary to get communities, apartment homes, or leased spaces ready for their intended use begin. These activities include when communities, apartment homes, or leased spaces are undergoing physical construction, as well as when homes or leased spaces are held vacant in advance of planned construction, provided that other activities such as permitting, planning, and design are in progress. We cease the capitalization of costs when the communities or components thereof are substantially complete and ready for their intended use, which is typically when construction has been completed and homes or leased spaces are available for occupancy. We charge costs including ordinary repairs, maintenance, and resident turnover costs to property operating expense, as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Real estate and other long-lived assets to be held and used are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, unless the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, we assess its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to our estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows, excluding interest charges, of the asset. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset.

In connection with the Separation, we entered into a sublease of office space within our corporate offices to AIR at then-current market rents. Based on an analysis of the estimated undiscounted cash flows per the terms of the sublease arrangement, we evaluated the recoverability of the assets associated with the subleased space, including, the right-of-use asset, tenant improvements and furniture, fixtures and equipment and concluded the subleased assets were impaired. We recorded an impairment charge of $11.0 million in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. There were no such impairments for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2019.  

In connection with the Separation, we entered into a software license agreement with AIR to provide for the use of certain internally developed software at then-current market rates. Based on an analysis of the estimated undiscounted cash flows relative to the carrying value of the internally developed software, we concluded the assets were impaired. Additionally, following an evaluation of the future service potential of certain other internal software that was under development, we ceased development and impaired the associated carrying value. We recorded an aggregate impairment charge of $4.9 million in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. There were no such impairments for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2019.

Acquisitions

Upon the acquisition of real estate, we determine whether the purchase qualifies as an asset acquisition or, less frequently, meets the definition of an acquisition of a business. We generally recognize the acquisition of apartment communities or interests in partnerships that own communities at our cost, including the related transaction costs, as asset acquisitions.

We allocate the cost of apartment communities acquired based on the relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair value of these assets and liabilities is determined using valuation techniques that rely on Level 2 and Level 3 inputs within the fair value framework. We determine the fair value of tangible assets, such as land, buildings, furniture, fixtures and equipment using valuation techniques that consider comparable market transactions, replacement costs and other available information. We determine the fair value of identified intangible assets or liabilities, which typically relate to in-place leases, using valuation techniques that consider the terms of the in-place leases, current market data for comparable leases and our experience in leasing similar communities.

36

 

---

 

 

The intangible assets or liabilities related to in-place leases are comprised of: (a) the value of the above- and below-market leases in-place, measured over the period, including probable lease renewals for below-market leases, that the leases are expected to remain in effect; (b) the estimated unamortized portion of avoided leasing commissions and other costs that ordinarily would be incurred to originate the in-place leases; and (c) the value associated with leased apartment homes during an estimated absorption period, which estimates rental revenue that would not have been earned had leased apartment homes been vacant at the time of acquisition, assuming lease-up periods based on market demand and stabilized occupancy levels. The above- and below-market lease intangibles are amortized to rental revenue over the expected remaining terms of the associated leases, which include reasonably assured renewal periods. Other intangible assets related to in-place leases are amortized to depreciation and amortization over the expected remaining terms of the associated leases.

Mezzanine Investment

Pre-Separation, the Mezzanine Investment in the partnership owning Parkmerced Apartments and related swaption were accounted for under the equity method of accounting, and a derivative, respectively. Post-Separation, the legal title to the loan investment and swaption remained with AIR, while we obtained the right to all of the economics. We record our indirect interest in the mezzanine loan investment in the Parkmerced Apartments in “Mezzanine investment” on our consolidated balance sheets, and our income earned is recognized in “Mezzanine investment income, net” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. We recognize as income the net amounts earned on the mezzanine loan by AIR on its equity investment that are due to be paid to us when collected to the extent the income is supported by the change in AIR’s claim to the to the net assets of the underlying borrower.  The income recognized primarily represents the interest accrued under the terms of the underlying mezzanine loan.

On a periodic basis, we evaluate our Mezzanine investment for impairment. We assess whether there are any indicators, including underlying property operating performance and general market conditions, that the value of our investment may be impaired. An investment is considered impaired if we determine that its fair value is less than the net carrying value of the investment on an other-than-temporary basis. Cash flow projections for the investments consider property level factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. We consider various qualitative factors to determine if a decrease in the value of our investment is other-than-temporary. These factors include age of the venture, our intent and ability to retain our investment in the entity, financial condition and long-term prospects of the entity and relationships with our partners and banks. If we believe that the decline in the fair value of the investment is temporary, no impairment charge is recorded. If our analysis indicates that there is an other-than temporary impairment related to the investment in a particular real estate venture, the carrying value of the venture will be adjusted to its estimated fair value.

37

 

---

 

 

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our chief market risks are refunding risk, that is the availability of property debt or other cash sources to refund maturing property debt, including the Notes Payable to AIR, and repricing risk, that is the possibility of increases in base interest rates and credit risk spreads. We use long-dated, fixed-rate, amortizing, non-recourse property debt in order to avoid the refunding and repricing risks of short-term borrowings. We use working capital primarily to fund short-term uses. We make limited use of derivative financial instruments and we do not use them for trading or other speculative purposes.

Market Risk

As of December 31, 2021, on a consolidated basis, we had $55.0 million of variable-rate property-level debt outstanding in addition to two variable rate construction loans that totaled $168.4 million. We estimate that a change in 30-day LIBOR of 100 basis points with constant credit risk spreads would reduce or increase interest expense by approximately $2.2 million.

As of December 31, 2021, we had $244.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, a portion of which bears interest at variable rates.

We estimate the fair value of debt instruments as described in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8. The estimated fair value of total indebtedness, including our Notes Payable to AIR, was approximately $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2021.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we paid an upfront premium of $12.1 million for the option to enter into a $1.5 billion notional amount interest rate swap at a future date. This interest rate option, or swaption, provides partial protection against exposure to rising interest rates between now and October 2024. We receive a cash settlement in the future if the prevailing interest rate is higher than the 1.68% strike price on the five-year swap. The amount of a future cash settlement is capped if the prevailing interest rate exceeds 2.78%. Alternatively, if interest rates were to decrease below the specified strike price, we would not receive a cash settlement nor would we have any liability to make a payment.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we paid an upfront premium of $5.6 million (including transaction costs) for the option to enter into a $500.0 million notional amount interest rate swap at a future date. This interest rate option, or swaption, provides partial protection against our refinancing interest rate risk relative to our Notes Payable to AIR, and is intended to mitigate interest rate increases between now and January 2024. We receive a cash settlement in the future if the prevailing interest rate is higher than the 3% strike price on the five-year swap. Alternatively, if interest rates were to decrease below the specified strike price, we would not receive a cash settlement nor would we have any liability to make a payment.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we also paid an upfront premium of $0.3 million for interest rate caps for the entire amounts on our Flamingo and The Hamilton construction loans. These interest rate caps, provide protection if one month LIBOR exceeds 3% during the initial term of the loans.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The independent registered public accounting firm’s reports, consolidated financial statements and schedule listed in the “Index to Financial Statements” on page F-1 of this Annual Report are filed as part of this report and incorporated herein by this reference.

38

 

---

 

 

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Aimco

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Aimco’s management, with the participation of Aimco’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, Aimco’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, Aimco’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Aimco’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of Aimco’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 Framework).

Based on their assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, Aimco’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.

Aimco’s independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report on Aimco’s internal control over financial reporting.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fiscal period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of Aimco.

39

 

---

 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Apartment Investment and Management Company

 

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

We have audited Apartment Investment and Management Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Apartment Investment and Management Company (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 15(a) and our report dated March 1, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

 

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

Denver, Colorado

March 1, 2022

 

 

40

 

---

 

 

 

Aimco Operating Partnership

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Aimco Operating Partnership’s management, with the participation of Aimco Operating Partnership’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, Aimco Operating Partnership’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, Aimco Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Aimco Operating Partnership’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of Aimco Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 Framework).

Based on their assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, Aimco Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.

Aimco Operating Partnership’s independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report on Aimco Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fiscal period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of Aimco.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

41

 

---

 

 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Partners and the Board of Directors of

Aimco OP L.P.

 

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

We have audited Aimco OP L.P.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Aimco OP L.P. (the Partnership) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Partnership as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, partners’ capital and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 15(a) and our report dated March 1, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

The Partnership’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

 

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

 

Denver, Colorado

March 1, 2022

42

 

---

 

 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

 

43

 

---

 

 

 

PART III

 

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The executive officers of the Company and the directors of the Company, their ages, dates they were first elected an executive officer or director, and their positions with the Company or on the Board are set forth below.

 

 

The following is a biographical summary of the current directors and executive officers of the Company.

 

44

 

---

 

 

45

 

---

 

 

46

 

---

 

 

 

47

 

---

 

 

 

Summary of Director Qualifications and Expertise

Below is a summary of the qualifications and expertise of the directors, including expertise relevant to Aimco’s business.

 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS

This chart provides a summary overview of Aimco’s governance practices, each of which is described in more detail in the information that follows.

 

48

 

---

 

 

 

 

Meetings and Committees

The Board held four meetings during the year ended December 31, 2021. During 2021, there were the following five committees: Audit; Compensation and Human Resources; Nominating, Environmental, Social, and  Governance; Investment; and Aimco-AIR Transactions. During 2021, no director attended fewer than 75% of the aggregate total number of meetings of the Board and each committee on which such director served.

The Corporate Governance Guidelines, as described below, provide that the Company generally expects that the Chairman of the Board will attend all annual and special meetings of the stockholders. Other members of the Board are not required to attend such meetings. The Chairman of the Board attended the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and the Company anticipates that he will attend the Meeting this year.

Below is a table illustrating the current standing committee memberships and chairmen. Additional detail on each committee follows the table.

 

__________

 

Messrs. Allen, Leupp, Miller, Stein, Stone, and Sykes and Mses. Gibson and Smith are independent directors (collectively the “Independent Directors”).

49

 

---

 

 

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee currently consists of the eight Independent Directors. Mr. Leupp serves as the chairman of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee has a written charter that is reviewed annually and was last amended in January 2021. In addition to the work of the Audit Committee, the chairman has regular and recurring conversations with Ms. Stanfield, Aimco’s Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), Ms. Johnson, Aimco’s Chief Administrative Officer (“CAO”), the head of Aimco’s internal audit function, and representatives of Ernst & Young LLP. The Audit Committee’s charter is posted on Aimco’s website (www.aimco.com) and is also available in print to stockholders, upon written request to Aimco’s Corporate Secretary.

The Audit Committee’s responsibilities are set forth in the following chart.

 

The Audit Committee held eight meetings during the year ended December 31, 2021. As set forth in the Audit Committee’s charter, no director may serve as a member of the Audit Committee if such director serves on the audit committee of more than two other public companies, unless the Board determines that such simultaneous service would not impair the ability of such director to effectively serve on the Audit Committee. No member of the Audit Committee serves on the audit committee of more than two other public companies.

 

Audit Committee Financial Expert

The Board has designated Mr. Leupp as an “audit committee financial expert.” In addition, all of the members of the Audit Committee qualify as audit committee financial experts. Each member of the Audit Committee is independent, as that term is defined by Section 303A of the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange relating to audit committees.

50

 

---

 

 

Compensation and Human Resources Committee

The Compensation and Human Resources Committee currently consists of the eight Independent Directors. Mr. Sykes serves as the chairman of the Compensation and Human Resources Committee. The chairman meets regularly with Ms. Johnson, Aimco’s CAO. The Chairman also has regular conversations with the Compensation and Human Resources Committee’s independent compensation consultant, Willis Towers Watson, and outside counsel with expertise in executive compensation and compensation governance related matters. The Compensation and Human Resources Committee has a written charter that is reviewed annually and was last amended in April 2021. The Compensation and Human Resources Committee’s charter is posted on Aimco’s website (www.aimco.com) and is also available in print to stockholders, upon written request to Aimco’s Corporate Secretary.

The Compensation and Human Resources Committee’s responsibilities are set forth in the following charts.

 

One of the most important responsibilities of the Compensation and Human Resources Committee is to ensure a succession plan is in place for key members of the Company’s executive management team, including the CEO. Based on the work of the Compensation and Human Resources Committee, the Board has a succession plan for the CEO position, is prepared to act in the event of a CEO vacancy in the short term, and has identified candidates for succession over the long term. The Board will select the successor taking into consideration the needs of the organization, the business environment, and each candidate’s skills, experience, expertise, leadership, and fit. The Company maintains a robust succession planning process, as highlighted in the following chart.

 

51

 

---

 

 

 

The Compensation and Human Resources Committee held six meetings during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee

The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee currently consists of the eight Independent Directors. Mr. Stone serves as the chairman of the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee. The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee has a written charter that is reviewed annually and was last amended in October 2021. The Committee’s charter is posted on Aimco’s website (www.aimco.com) and is also available in print to stockholders, upon written request to Aimco’s Corporate Secretary.

 

The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee’s responsibilities are set forth in the following chart.

 

 

The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee held four meetings during the year ended December 31, 2021.

 

52

 

---

 

 

 

Investment Committee

The Investment Committee currently consists of the Independent Directors and non-management directors. Mr. Stein serves as the chairman of the Investment Committee. The Investment Committee’s purpose is to provide oversight and guidance to the Company’s management regarding investment decisions.  The Investment Committee held four meetings during the year ended December 31, 2021.  Since the Separation, Mr. Considine, AIR’s Chief Executive Officer, has recused himself from the Investment Committee’s consideration of any matters involving AIR.

Aimco-AIR Transactions Committee

The Aimco-AIR Transactions Committee, established to ensure transactions between Aimco and AIR are on an arms-length basis and on commercially reasonable terms, currently consists of Mr. Leupp and Mses. Gibson and Smith. Ms. Gibson serves as the chairman of the Aimco-AIR Transactions Committee. The Aimco-AIR Transactions Committee meets regularly with members of Aimco’s senior leadership. The Aimco-AIR Transactions Committee has a written charter that will be reviewed annually.

The Aimco-AIR Transactions Committee charter is posted on Aimco’s website (www.aimco.com) and is also available in print to stockholders upon written request to Aimco’s Corporate Secretary.

The Aimco-AIR Transactions Committee’s responsibilities are set forth in the following chart.

 

 

The Aimco-AIR Transactions Committee was formed in October 2021, and meets as often as is necessary to carry out its duties and responsibilities.  The Committee has held two meetings since the Committee’s formation in October 2021.

Board Composition, Board Refreshment, and Director Tenure

Aimco is focused on having a well-constructed and high performing board. To that end, the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee selects nominees for director based on, among other things, breadth and depth of experience, knowledge, skills, expertise, integrity, ability to make independent analytical inquiries, understanding of Aimco’s business environment, diversity of perspective and background, and willingness to devote adequate time and effort to Board responsibilities. In considering nominees for director, the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee seeks to have a diverse range of experience and expertise relevant to Aimco’s business. The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee places a premium on directors who work well in the collegial and collaborative nature of the Board (which is also consistent with the Aimco culture) and also requires directors who think and act independently and can clearly and effectively communicate their convictions. The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee assesses the appropriate balance of criteria required of directors and makes recommendations to the Board.

The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee has specifically considered the feedback of some stockholders as well as the discussions of some commentators that suggest lengthy board tenure should be balanced with new perspectives. Specific to Aimco, the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee has structured the Board such that there are directors of varying tenures, with new directors and perspectives joining the Board every few years while retaining the institutional memory of longer-tenured directors. Longer-tenured directors, balanced with less-tenured directors, enhance the Board’s oversight capabilities. Aimco’s directors work effectively together, coordinate closely with senior management, comprehend Aimco’s challenges and opportunities, and frame Aimco’s business strategy.

53

 

---

 

 

When formulating its Board membership recommendations, the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee also considers advice and recommendations from others, including stockholders, as it deems appropriate. Such recommendations are evaluated based on the same criteria noted above. The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee will consider as nominees to the Board for election at the next annual meeting of stockholders persons who are recommended by stockholders in writing, marked to the attention of Aimco’s corporate Secretary, no later than July 1, 2022.

The Board is responsible for nominating members for election to the Board and for filling vacancies on the Board that may occur between annual meetings of stockholders.  

Board Leadership Structure

In connection with the Separation, the Board concluded that separating the Chairman and CEO role would be most effective for the Company’s leadership and governance. Mr. Miller serves as Chairman of the Board, which includes: presiding over executive sessions of the Independent Directors, which are held regularly and not less than four times per year; with the CEO, setting meeting agendas and schedules; calling meetings of the Independent Directors; and being available for direct communication with stockholders.

The Board has a majority of independent directors. Eight out of the ten directors are independent. The Audit, Compensation and Human Resources, Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance, and Aimco-AIR Transactions Committees are composed solely of independent directors.

Separate Sessions of Independent Directors

Aimco’s Corporate Governance Guidelines (described below) provide that the non-management directors shall meet in executive session without management on a regularly scheduled basis, but no less than four times per year. The non-management directors, which group currently is made up of the eight Independent Directors, met in executive session without management five times during the year ended December 31, 2021.

The following table sets forth the number of meetings held by the Board and each committee during the year ended December 31, 2021.

 

Majority Voting for the Election of Directors

In an uncontested election at the meeting of stockholders, any nominee to serve as a director of the Company will be elected if the director receives a majority of votes cast, which means that the number of shares voted “for” a director exceeds the number of shares voted “against” that director. With respect to a contested election, a plurality of all the votes cast at the meeting of stockholders will be sufficient to elect a director. The following is not considered votes cast “for” or “against” a director nominee: (a) a share otherwise present at the meeting but for which there is an abstention and (b) a share otherwise present at the meeting as to with a stockholder gives no direction. If a nominee who currently is serving as a director receives a greater number of “against” votes for his or her election than votes “for” such election (a “Majority Against Vote”) in an uncontested election, Maryland law provides that the director would continue to serve on the Board as a “holdover director.” However, under Aimco’s Bylaws, any nominee for election as a director in an uncontested election who receives a Majority Against Vote is obligated to tender his or her resignation to the Board for consideration following certification of the vote. The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee will consider any resignation and recommend to the Board whether to accept it. The Board is required to take action with respect to the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee’s recommendation within 90 days following certification of the stockholder vote. Additional details are set out in Article II, Section 2.03 (Election and Tenure of Directors; Resignations) of Aimco’s Bylaws.

Proxy Access

At our 2015 annual meeting, a proxy access stockholder proposal received the support of a majority of the votes cast. That proposal requested the Board to adopt a bylaw that would require the Company to include in its proxy materials nominees for director proposed by a stockholder or group that owns at least 3% of our outstanding shares for at least three years. Following that meeting, through the summer and fall of 2015 and into 2016, we engaged in extensive stockholder outreach and discussed proxy access with stockholders representing over 66% of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of September 30, 2015, including all ten of Aimco’s largest stockholders as of that date.

54

 

---

 

 

Although our stockholders expressed varying views on proxy access generally, and on the specific terms of a proxy access bylaw, many stockholders indicated that they viewed proxy access as an important stockholder right. At the same time, many stockholders expressed concern that stockholders with a small economic interest could abuse proxy access and impose unnecessary costs on the Company. In particular, stockholders expressed support for a reasonable limit on the number of stockholders who could come together to form a nominating group, with a consensus around a 20 stockholder limit, so long as certain related funds were counted as one stockholder for this purpose. In addition, many stockholders expressed support for the principle that a proxy access bylaw provide for a minimum of two candidates, with that principle being more meaningful to stockholders than the percentage of the board used to calculate the number of permitted proxy access candidates.

Stockholders expressed general flexibility concerning most other proxy access terms, including counting directors nominated as access candidates who are elected and re-nominated by the Board when determining the limit on access candidates for a limited number of years, and eliminating proxy access at the same annual meeting for which a nomination notice outside of proxy access has been submitted by another stockholder. Also, stockholders indicated that post-meeting holding requirements would be considered overly restrictive, but that a statement regarding post-meeting intentions that did not require continued ownership was acceptable.

The feedback received from stockholders was reported to the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee and to the Board. Following a review of that feedback, corporate governance best practices and trends and the Company’s particular facts and circumstances, the Board amended the Company’s bylaws to provide a proxy access right to stockholders. As a result, a stockholder or a group of up to 20 stockholders, owning at least 3% of our shares for at least three years, may submit nominees for up to 20% of the Board, or two nominees, whichever is greater, for inclusion in our proxy materials, subject to complying with the requirements contained in our bylaws.

Code of Ethics

The Board has adopted a code of ethics entitled “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics” that applies to the members of the Board, all of Aimco’s executive officers and all teammates of Aimco or its subsidiaries, including Aimco’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on Aimco’s website (www.aimco.com) and is also available in print to stockholders, upon written request to Aimco’s Corporate Secretary. If, in the future, Aimco amends, modifies, or waives a provision in the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, rather than filing a Current Report on Form 8-K, Aimco intends to satisfy any applicable disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K by posting such information on Aimco’s website (www.aimco.com), as necessary.

Corporate Governance Guidelines and Director Stock Ownership

The Board has adopted and approved Corporate Governance Guidelines. These guidelines, which were last updated in April 2021, are available on Aimco’s website (www.aimco.com) and are also available in print to stockholders, upon written request to Aimco’s Corporate Secretary. In general, the Corporate Governance Guidelines address director qualification standards, director responsibilities, the role of the Chairman of the Board or Lead Independent Director, as applicable, director access to management and independent advisors, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, the role of the Board in planning management succession, stock ownership guidelines and retention requirements, and an annual performance evaluation of the Board.

With respect to stock ownership guidelines for the Independent Directors, the Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that by the completion of five years of service from the date of the Separation or from joining the Board, whichever is later, an Independent Director is expected to own shares having a value of at least $375,000. Due to the Separation and recent board refreshment, the Independent Directors are not yet required to have holdings in this amount. All of the Independent Directors except for Mr. Allen and Ms. Smith have holdings in excess of this amount as of February 28, 2022.

Corporate Responsibility

At Aimco, corporate responsibility is an important part of our business. As with all other aspects of our business, our corporate responsibility program focuses on continuous improvement, to the benefit of our stockholders, our residents, our teammates, our communities, and the environment. We actively discuss these matters with our stockholders and solicit their feedback on our program.

For more information on Aimco’s corporate responsibility program, please refer to Aimco’s 2020-21 Corporate Responsibility Report, which is available on Aimco’s website (www.aimco.com).  

55

 

---

 

 

The graphics below describe some of the 2021 highlights of our corporate responsibility program.

 

 

 

 

56

 

---

 

 

 

 

 

57

 

---

 

 

 

 

 

58

 

---

 

 

 

Communicating with the Board of Directors

Any interested parties desiring to communicate with the Board, Aimco’s Chairman of the Board, any of the other Independent Directors, any committee chairman, or any committee member may directly contact such persons by directing such communications in care of Aimco’s Corporate Secretary. All communications received as set forth in the preceding sentence will be opened by the office of Aimco’s General Counsel for the sole purpose of determining whether the contents represent a message to Aimco’s directors. Any contents that are not in the nature of advertising, promotions of a product or service, or patently offensive material will be forwarded promptly to the addressee. In the case of communications to the Board or any group or committee of directors, the General Counsel’s office will make sufficient copies of the contents to send to each director who is a member of the group or committee to which the envelope or e-mail is addressed.

To contact Aimco’s Corporate Secretary, correspondence should be addressed as follows:

 

Corporate Secretary

Office of the General Counsel

Apartment Investment and Management Company

4582 South Ulster Street, Suite 1450

Denver, Colorado 80237

 

 

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports. Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires Aimco’s executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of Aimco’s equity securities, to file reports (Forms 3, 4 and 5) of stock ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange. Executive officers, directors and beneficial owners of more than 10% of Aimco’s registered equity securities are required by SEC regulations to furnish Aimco with copies of all such forms that they file.

Based solely on Aimco’s review of the copies of Forms 3, 4 and 5 and the amendments thereto received by it for the year ended December 31, 2021, or written representations from certain reporting persons that no Forms 5 were required to be filed by those persons, Aimco believes that during the period from January 1, 2021, through December 31, 2021, all filing requirements were complied with by its executive officers and directors, except as previously disclosed in Aimco’s 2021 Proxy Statement filed on October 28, 2021.

 

59

 

---

 

 

 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS (CD&A)

This CD&A addresses the following:

Stockholder Engagement Regarding Executive Compensation

At Aimco’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, approximately 99% of the votes cast in the advisory vote on executive compensation (also commonly referred to as “Say on Pay”) approved the compensation of Aimco’s named executive officers (“NEOs”) as disclosed in Aimco’s 2021 proxy statement. The Compensation and Human Resources Committee (the “Committee”) and Aimco management remain committed to extensive engagement with stockholders as part of ongoing efforts to formulate and implement an executive compensation program designed to align the long-term interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders. In 2021 and early 2022, we engaged with stockholders representing approximately 65% of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of September 30, 2021, as part of our annual process of soliciting feedback on Aimco’s executive compensation program. The following chart summarizes the collective feedback we received, and actions we have taken in response.

 

 

60

 

---

 

 

 

Overview of Aimco’s Pay-for-Performance Philosophy and 2021 Performance Results

Aimco is a pay-for-performance organization. Aimco starts by setting target total compensation near the median of target total compensation for Aimco’s peers as identified below, both as a measure of fairness and also to provide an economic incentive to remain with Aimco. Actual compensation varies from target compensation based on Aimco’s results. Each officer’s annual cash incentive compensation, “short term incentive” or STI, is based in part on Aimco’s performance against corporate, rather than personal, goals. The more senior the officer, the greater the percentage of his or her STI that is based on Aimco’s performance against its corporate goals. Aimco’s longer term compensation, “long term incentive” or LTI, follows a similar tiered structure. Each officer’s LTI is based in part on relative “total stockholder return” or TSR, with NEOs having a greater share of their LTI based on relative TSR. In the case of Mr. Powell, his entire LTI award is “at risk” based on Aimco’s relative TSR. LTI is measured and vests over time, so that officers bear longer term exposure to the decisions they make.

To reinforce alignment of stockholder and management interests, Aimco also has stock ownership guidelines that require substantial equity holdings by executive officers, as described further below.

 

Aimco had 46.2% TSR in 2021.  The following graph compares cumulative total returns for Aimco’s Common Stock, the Russell 2000 Value Index, the FTSE Nareit Equity Apartments Index, and Aimco’s development peers. The graph assumes the investment of $100 in Aimco’s Common Stock and in each index on December 31, 2020, and that all dividends paid have been reinvested.

 

 

61

 

---

 

 

 

Following the Separation, Aimco has a new strategy: to make and manage real estate investments where significant value can be created through the talents, insights, and dedication of the Aimco team. Highlights for 2021 included the following:

 

62

 

---

 

 

 

 

 

63

 

---

 

 

 

Summary of Executive Compensation Program and Governance Practices

Below we summarize certain executive compensation program and governance practices, including practices we have implemented to drive performance and practices we avoid because we believe they would not serve our stockholders’ long-term interests.

 

What We Pay and Why: Components of Executive Compensation

 

Total compensation for Aimco’s NEOs is comprised of the following components:

 

64

 

---

 

 

 

 

LTI compensation directly ties the interests of executives to the interests of our stockholders, and comprises a substantial proportion of compensation for Aimco NEOs, as follows:

 

 

CEO Pay Overview

The Committee determines the compensation for the CEO. In setting Mr. Powell’s target total compensation for 2021, the Committee considered, among other things, the peer group compensation data as discussed below and Mr. Powell’s relevant expertise and experience. Because Mr. Powell was new to his position, the Committee set his target total compensation at approximately 80% of the median for the peer group. The Committee devised a compensation plan for Mr. Powell that resulted in approximately 29% base salary, 29% based on Aimco’s performance against its 2021 corporate goals, and 42% based on relative TSR. Mr. Powell’s target compensation mix is illustrated as follows:

 

 

 

 

How the Committee determines the amount of target total compensation for executive officers

In addition to reviewing the performance of, and determining the compensation for, the CEO, the Committee also reviews and approves the decisions made by the CEO as to the compensation of Aimco’s other executive officers. Base salary, target STI, and target LTI are generally set near the median base salary, target STI, and target LTI for peer comparators.

 

65

 

---

 

 

 

How peer comparators are identified

The Committee, with the advice of its independent executive compensation consultant, developed a new peer group for post-Separation Aimco based on industry and business strategy, and with total assets generally in the range of 0.25x to 2.5x Aimco’s post-Separation gross asset value. Based on this analysis, Aimco included as “peers” for 2021 compensation the following 13 real estate companies:

 

Risk analysis of Aimco’s compensation programs

The Committee considers risk-related matters when making decisions with respect to executive compensation and has determined that neither Aimco’s executive compensation program nor any of its non-executive compensation programs create risk-taking incentives that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the organization. Aimco’s compensation programs align management incentives with the long-term interests of the Company.

 

Total Compensation for 2021

For 2021, total compensation is the sum of base compensation earned in 2021, STI earned in 2021, and LTI awards granted in 2021.  Additionally, total compensation for 2021 includes one-time restricted stock awards granted by the Committee to the NEOs in connection with the NEOs’ newly appointed positions following the Separation, for the express purpose of retention, and to align the long-term interests of the NEOs with those of the Company’s stockholders. The one-time awards are described below under the heading “Other Compensation.”

Base Compensation for 2021

For 2021, Mr. Powell’s base compensation was $525,000, approximately 80% of the median for CEOs in Aimco’s peer group. For 2021, Ms. Stanfield’s base compensation was $425,000 and base compensation for Ms. Johnson was set at $371,280, unchanged from their base compensation for 2020.  

66

 

---

 

 

Short-Term Incentive Compensation for 2021

The Committee determined Mr. Powell’s STI by the extent to which Aimco met six designated corporate goals, which are described below and are referred to as Aimco’s Key Performance Indicators, or KPIs.

For the other NEOs, calculation of STI was determined by two components: Aimco’s performance against the KPI; and each officer’s achievement of her individual MAP goals. For example, if an executive’s target STI was $400,000 and weighted 50% on KPIs, then 50% of that amount, or $200,000, varied based on KPI results and 50% of that amount, or $200,000, varied based on MAP results. As actual KPI results were 126.75% of target in 2021, then the executive would receive 126.75% of $200,000 ($253,500) for the KPI portion of her STI, and if MAP results were 100%, such hypothetical executive would receive 100% of the $200,000, for a total STI payment of $453,500.

Aimco’s 2021 KPIs reflected Aimco’s publicly communicated areas of strategic focus, as set forth below. Specifically, Aimco’s KPIs consisted of the following six corporate goals that were reviewed with, and approved by, the Committee, each weighted as described.

These goals aligned executive officers with the long-term goals of the Company without encouraging them to take unnecessary and excessive risks. Threshold performance paid out at 50%; target performance paid out at 100%; and maximum performance paid out at 200%.

67

 

---

 

 

For some goals, where performance was between threshold and target or between target and maximum, the amount of the payout was interpolated.

 

The following is a tabular presentation of the performance criteria and results for 2021, explained in detail in the paragraphs that follow:

 

68

 

---

 

 

 

An explanation of the objective of each goal and performance levels and payouts for each goal is set forth below.

NOI Achievement of Stabilized Portfolio (10% of KPI). The primary objective of this goal was to fulfill the Company’s strategic objective of driving rent growth for its stabilized portfolio based on high levels of resident retention, through superior customer selection and satisfaction, coupled with disciplined innovation resulting in sustained cost control, to maximize NOI margins. For 2021, the range for the NOI achievement goal was as follows: “Threshold” equated to achievement of five percent unfavorable to 2021 budgeted NOI; “Target” equated to achievement of 2021 budgeted NOI; and “Maximum” equated to five percent favorable to 2021 budgeted NOI. The Company’s stabilized portfolio NOI for 2021 was more than 5% favorable to budgeted NOI. This resulted in a payout on the NOI achievement goal of 20.00% for each of the NEOs.

Development and Redevelopment Execution (35% of KPI). The primary objective of this goal was to fulfill Company’s strategic objective of executing active development, redevelopment, and lease-up projects pursuant to the Company’s 2021 budget and plan. Large and/or complex projects provided increased weighting toward the total goal weighting of 35%, with smaller scale projects provided lower weighting toward the total goal weighting. Achievement for each project was determined with reference to the 2021 budgeted investment and plan for the project, and was based on the extent to which the project work was completed on time and within budget, as well as, where applicable, the extent to which year-end occupancy and rental rates were consistent with the 2021 budget and plan. In 2021, the Company invested $215M of capital across eight development and redevelopment projects with each remaining on time, on budget, and on plan. The Company executed more than 630 leases on newly constructed and delivered apartment homes, nearly 200 more than planned at the start of 2021 and at rental rates averaging approximately 115% of target. Year-end occupancy for 2021 was also ahead of target. These outcomes resulted in a payout on this goal of 43.75% for each of the NEOs.

New Value-Add, Opportunistic, and Alternative Investments (10% of KPI).  The primary objective of this goal was to fulfill the Company’s strategic objective of securing new value-add and opportunistic investment opportunities, including development, redevelopment, acquisitions, programmatic joint ventures, debt placements, operational turnarounds, and re-entitlements. In 2021, the Company commenced two new development and redevelopment projects. Specifically, the Company began the development of Oak Shore, consisting of 16 luxury single family rental homes plus eight accessory dwelling units in Corte Madera, CA. The project is on schedule and on budget, with deliveries expected beginning in 2023 and stabilization in 2025. The Company also began the major redevelopment of Hamilton on the Bay in the Edgewater neighborhood of Miami, FL. The project is on schedule and on budget, with apartment homes targeted to come back online in 2022 and stabilization targeted for 2024.  Additionally, the Company sourced and secured new investments that provide the opportunity for over 4.5M square feet and more than $1B of highly accretive development in dynamic, high-growth markets. Specifically, the Company acquired eight properties adjacent to Hamilton on the Bay for $19M. Combined with the land purchased as part of the initial acquisition of Hamilton on the Bay, the Company can, in total, now construct more than 1.1M square feet of new development in this rapidly growing submarket. The Company entered into a joint venture with Kushner Companies to purchase three undeveloped land parcels located in Fort Lauderdale, FL. The total contract price for the land was $49M ($25M at Aimco’s 51% share), and current zoning allows for the development of approximately 3M square feet of multi-family homes and commercial space. The land purchase closed in January 2022. The Company purchased for $4M seven acres of developable land in Colorado Springs, CO that allows for the development of up to 119 apartment homes and townhomes. The Company acquired, for $40M, Eldridge Townhomes, a 58-unit townhome community located in Elmhurst, IL that the Company developed between 2018 and 2020. Eldridge Townhomes is located adjacent to an existing 400-unit Aimco community and the acquisition provides for continued operational efficiencies and improved NOI margins. The Company purchased, for $6.2M, 1.5 acres of fully entitled land on the Anschutz Medical and Life Sciences Campus in Aurora, CO plus options allowing for the purchase of an additional 5.2 acres that will accommodate more than 750K square feet of new development. The 1.5 acre site is now being developed as The Benson Hotel and Faculty Club and represents a critical step in advancement of the campus masterplan. Finally, the Company made a $0.5M passive equity investment in Camber Creek, a strategic venture capital firm focused on investing in real estate technology companies. These new investments resulted in a payout on this goal of 15.00% for each of the NEOs.

Balance Sheet and Financing Activity (30% of KPI). The primary objective of this goal was to fulfill the Company’s strategic objectives of securing new financings and maintaining abundant liquidity. In 2021, the Company closed over $360M in new financings. Specifically, we closed a $150M loan secured by our leasehold interest in the North Tower at Flamingo Point. The initial term of the loan is three years with two one-year extension options at an interest rate floating at One Month LIBOR plus 360 bps. The floating interest rate has a 3.85% floor. Loan proceeds are being used to fund the completion of construction of the North Tower at Flamingo Point and other investment activity. The Company closed a $101M construction loan for the redevelopment of Hamilton on the Bay. The initial term of the loan is three years with two one-year extension options at an interest rate floating at One Month LIBOR plus 320 bps. The floating interest rate has a 3.45% floor. Additionally, the Company closed a $52M preferred equity commitment from an institutional equity partner to partially fund the Upton Place development in Washington, D.C., freeing up Aimco capital for other accretive uses and improving the expected return on Aimco equity. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $395M of liquidity, including cash and capacity on our revolving credit facility. This resulted in a payout on the balance sheet goal of 35.00% for each of the NEOs.

69

 

---

 

 

Team Retention Ratios and Engagement Scores (10% of KPI). The primary objective of this goal was to fulfill Aimco’s strategic objective of fostering a healthy environment of respect and innovation, empowering our human capital to create value. For 2021, Aimco’s stated goal was zero voluntary turnover at the officer level and overall team engagement of 4.20 out of 5. Every teammate is surveyed via a third-party, confidential survey on his or her annual anniversary of employment. The team engagement score consists of the average of the responses to the questions that comprise the engagement index, on a scale of 1 to 5, for all teammates who complete the survey during the year. For 2021, Aimco’s team engagement score was a 4.21 out of 5. Aimco also met its stated goal of zero voluntary turnover at the officer level.  However, Aimco had higher than expected turnover below the officer level due to the transition resulting from the Separation and market conditions. The team was largely stabilized as of year-end. This resulted in a payout on the human capital goal of 8.00% for each of the NEOs.

Environmental, Social, and Governance (5% of KPI). The primary objective of this goal was to fulfill Aimco’s strategic objective of continuing our commitment to the communities in which we work, live, and invest by building apartment communities with conservation and sustainability in mind and giving back to the community by way of Aimco’s philanthropic program, Aimco Cares, both in monetary support and through volunteerism.  In 2021, Aimco updated is ESG policies following the Separation and published a Corporate Responsibility Report reflecting its ESG priorities and performance. In 2021, Aimco obtained LEED Gold certification of its previously completed development of Parc Mosaic in Boulder, Colorado. Additionally, Aimco’s current development of Oak Shore in Corte Madera, CA is being built to LEED Gold standards, and its current development of Upton Place is being built to LEED Silver standards and Fitwel Wellness, and includes a 267kW Solar Power Farm. Aimco was recognized by the Denver Post as a top workplace in Colorado and by the Washington Post as a top workplace in the Washington, D.C., area, and was recognized by the Denver Business Journal as one of the Denver Area’s healthiest employers. Aimco raised $412,000 through its Charity Golf Classic, benefitting military veterans and providing scholarships for students in affordable housing, and Aimco teammates volunteered their time to multiple charitable causes throughout the year. This resulted in a payout on the ESG goal of 5.00% for each of the NEOs.

Due to Aimco’s overall achievement on each of its 2021 goals, Aimco’s overall KPI performance was 126.75%.  Accordingly, each NEO was awarded 126.75% of the portion of his or her target STI attributable to KPI.

Various of the key financial indicators we use in managing our business and in evaluating our financial condition and operating performance are non-GAAP measures. Key non-GAAP measures we use are defined, described and, where appropriate, reconciled to the most comparable financial measures computed in accordance with GAAP under the Non-GAAP Measures heading within Part II, Item 7 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Long-Term Incentive Compensation Awards for 2021

Under the 2021 LTI program for executive officers, three forms of LTI awards were granted to NEOs on April 28, 2021, as follows: (1) performance-based restricted stock, which was granted to Mr. Powell and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson, representing 50% of the 2021 LTI awards for Mr. Powell and two-thirds of the 2021 LTI awards for Mses. Stanfield and Johnson; (2) performance-based stock options, which were granted to Mr. Powell, representing 50% of his 2021 LTI awards; and (3) time-based restricted stock, which was granted to Mses. Stanfield and Johnson, representing one-third of their 2021 LTI awards, with 25% of the awards vesting on each of January 27, 2022, January 27, 2023, January 27, 2024, and January 27, 2025. Aimco refers to the performance-based restricted stock and the performance-based stock options as “performance-based LTI awards” because the amount of restricted stock and stock options that vest, if any, is determined based on Aimco’s relative TSR performance during a forward looking, three-year performance period, as described in detail below.

The Committee typically sets grant dates for LTI awards at the time of its final compensation determination, generally in late January or early February. Due to the Separation and the additional time taken to create a new executive compensation plan for post-Separation Aimco, the Committee granted 2021 LTI on April 28, 2021. In order to keep the NEOs whole, the Committee awarded 2021 LTI using the closing price of Aimco’s Class A Common Stock and the third-party valuation, as applicable, as of January 27, 2021, the date upon which the Committee would have normally made the awards.

 

70

 

---

 

 

 

 

 

The amount of performance-based LTI awards granted in 2021 that may vest are determined in accordance with the following TSR performance metrics:

 

__________

Such metrics apply to the performance-based restricted stock granted to Mr. Powell and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson, and the performance-based stock options granted to Mr. Powell. The Committee set threshold performance to pay out at 50%; target performance to pay out at 100%; and maximum performance to pay out at 200%. Performance below threshold will result in no payout. If performance is between threshold and target or between target and maximum, the amount of the payout will be interpolated. Performance-based LTI awards vest 50% following the end of the three-year performance period (based on attainment of TSR targets), and 50% one year later, for a four-year plan from start to finish, illustrated below, subject to the grantee’s continued service to Aimco, and subject to a delay if absolute TSR for the three-year forward looking performance period is negative.

71

 

---

 

 

 

For the purpose of calculating the number of shares of performance-based restricted stock to be granted to Mr. Powell and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson, the dollar amount allocated to restricted stock was divided by $4.17 per share, which price was calculated by a third party financial firm with particular expertise in the valuation of performance-based restricted stock. The share award agreements to which the performance-based restricted shares were granted do not provide for the payment of dividends, if any, until the shares are earned. Dividends, if any, accrue during the performance period. The number of shares subject to the performance-based stock options to be granted to Mr. Powell were determined based on a valuation calculated by a third party financial firm with particular expertise in the valuation of options, taking into account the number of stock options that would have been awarded based on the valuation of a stock option on January 27, 2021, the date of the Committee meeting at which 2021 LTI awards would have been granted but for the Separation and the additional time taken to create a new executive compensation plan for post-Separation Aimco. The stock options as granted had an exercise price of $6.66, which was the closing price of Aimco’s stock on the grant date of April 28, 2021, and equal to the fair market value of Aimco’s Common Stock on the grant date.

For the purpose of calculating the number of shares of time-based restricted stock to be granted to Mses. Stanfield and Johnson, the dollar amount allocated to restricted stock was divided by $4.62, which was the closing trading price of Aimco’s Common Stock on January 27, 2021.

NEO Compensation for 2021

CEO Compensation. The Committee determined Mr. Powell’s STI for 2021 would be based entirely on Aimco’s performance against corporate goals, described above. The Committee calculated Mr. Powell’s STI by multiplying his STI target of $525,000 by 126.75%, which was the Committee’s payout determination having reviewed Aimco’s overall performance against corporate goals, as described in detail above. The Committee granted Mr. Powell’s LTI in the form of restricted stock and stock options on April 28, 2021, for the three-year performance period from January 1, 2021, through December 31, 2023; the LTI grant is entirely at risk, based on relative returns over the performance period. Mr. Powell’s 2021 target compensation and incentive compensation is summarized as follows:

 

  __________

Other NEO Compensation. For Mses. Stanfield and Johnson, an allocation of the target STI was made as follows: 50% of the target STI was calculated based on Aimco’s performance against KPI and 50% of the target STI was calculated based on each executive’s achievement of her individual MAP goals. As described above, Aimco’s KPI performance was 126.75%. Accordingly, each was awarded 126.75% of the portion of her STI attributable to KPI.

72

 

---

 

 

In determining the MAP achievement component of 2021 STI, Mr. Powell determined that: Ms. Stanfield’s MAP achievement would be paid at 150% of target for her contributions to finance, capital allocation, and tax and to Aimco’s balance sheet, and specifically for her leadership over post-Separation “start-up” activities; and Ms. Johnson’s MAP achievement would be paid at 200% of target for her leadership over legal matters, human resources, and risk management, and specifically for her leadership over post-Separation “start-up” activities. The Committee reviewed and approved Mr. Powell’s determinations with respect to Mses. Stanfield and Johnson. As described above, LTI for Mses. Stanfield and Johnson was granted on April 28, 2021, in the form of restricted stock. Target compensation and incentive compensation for 2021 for Mses. Stanfield and Johnson is summarized as follows:

 

__________

Determination Regarding 2019 Performance Share Awards. As part of the 2019 LTI program, the Company granted performance-share awards that might be earned based on relative TSR as compared to the FTSE Nareit Equity Apartments Index (60% weighting) and the MSCI US REIT Index (40% weighting) over a three-year performance period ending on December 31, 2021, with awards vesting 50% following the end of the three-year performance period (based on attainment of TSR targets) and 50% one year later, for a four-year plan from start to finish. On February 2, 2022, the Committee determined that Aimco’s three-year TSR (combined with AIR’s TSR for the period from December 15, 2020, through December 31, 2021, as described in the chart below) was 860 basis points lower than the FTSE Nareit Equity Apartments Index and 140 basis points higher than the MSCI US REIT Index for the three-year performance period ending on December 31, 2021, resulting in the number of shares being earned at 48% of target for Mr. Powell and Ms. Stanfield. Factoring in the portion of 2019 LTI that was for the purpose of retention, the realized LTI compensation for Mr. Powell and Ms. Stanfield was 65% of target. 

 

The chart below summarizes the results for the 2019 performance share awards, and provides performance as of December 31, 2021, for the “in progress” 2021 and 2020 and performance share awards.

 

73

 

---

 

 

 

Other Compensation

From time to time, Aimco determines to provide executive officers with additional compensation in the form of discretionary cash or equity awards.

On April 15, 2021, Aimco awarded each of Mr. Powell and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson restricted stock awards as follows:  Mr. Powell — 371,901 shares, with an approximate fair market value at the grant date of $2.36 million; Ms. Stanfield — 247,934 shares, with an approximate fair market value at the grant date of $1.57 million; and Ms. Johnson — 175,984 shares, with an approximate fair market value at the grant date of $1.12 million.  These one-time grants, which vest 50% at the end of four years from the date of grant and 50% at the end of five years from the date of grant, were provided in connection with the executive officers’ newly appointed positions following the Separation, for the express purpose of retention, and to align the long-term interests of the executive officers with those of the Company’s stockholders.

Post-Employment Compensation and Employment and Severance Arrangements

401(k) Plan

Aimco provides a 401(k) plan that is offered to all Aimco teammates. In 2021, Aimco matched 25% of participant contributions to the extent of the first 4% of the participant’s eligible compensation. For 2021, the maximum match by Aimco was $2,900, which was the amount that Aimco matched for each of Mr. Powell and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson’s 2021 401(k) contributions. Aimco provided an additional discretionary match in the amount of $2,260 to all teammates in 2022 for Aimco’s  achievement of greater than 125% on its 2021 corporate goals.  

Other than the 401(k) plan, Aimco does not provide post-employment benefits. Aimco does not maintain a defined benefit pension plan, a supplemental executive retirement plan, or any other similar arrangements.

Executive Employment Arrangements

2021 Powell Employment Agreement. On October 27, 2021, Aimco Development Company, LLC, an affiliate of the Company and the employer entity for Aimco’s employees, entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Powell (the “2021 Employment Agreement”). The Committee evaluated the terms of the 2021 Employment Agreement in comparison to those of the CEOs of Aimco’s peers. The 2021 Employment Agreement is for a term expiring on December 31, 2022. The 2021 Employment Agreement provides that on December 31, 2022, and on each subsequent one-year anniversary thereafter, the agreement shall be renewed for an additional one-year term unless either party gives written notice of intent not to renew to the other party at least 60 days before the end of the then calendar year.

The 2021 Employment Agreement provides for a base salary of $525,000, a target annual short-term incentive award opportunity of $525,000, and a target long-term incentive award opportunity of $750,000 for 2021. The 2021 Employment Agreement provides that the Committee shall review and set Mr. Powell’s target total compensation on an annual basis in comparison to compensation paid to the Company’s peers, taking into consideration experience, performance, and other relevant factors.

Pursuant to the 2021 Employment Agreement, upon termination of Mr. Powell’s employment by Aimco Development Company, LLC without cause, or by Mr. Powell for good reason, Mr. Powell is generally entitled to: (a) a lump sum cash payment equal to two times the sum of (i) his annual base salary for the calendar year of the date of termination, and (ii) his target annual bonus for the calendar year of the date of termination; (b) any short-term incentive bonus earned but unpaid for a prior fiscal year (the “Prior Year STI”); (c) a pro-rata portion of the short-term incentive bonus he would have earned for the year in which the termination occurs, based on the actual achievement of the applicable performance targets (the “Pro Rata STI”); and (d) an amount equal to the monthly COBRA premium for health and welfare plan coverage for Mr. Powell and his coverage dependents in effect on the date of termination (the “monthly COBRA reimbursement”) multiplied by 24 months. The vesting and exercise of any equity awards held Mr. Powell on the date of termination would be determined in accordance with the applicable incentive plan and award agreement.

In the event of termination of Mr. Powell’s employment by Aimco without cause, or by Mr. Powell for good reason, in either case, within the period commencing six months prior to and ending 24 months following a “Change in Control” (as defined in the 2021 Employment Agreement), then in lieu of the severance benefits described above, Mr. Powell will be entitled to: (a) a lump sum cash payment equal to three times the sum of (i) his annual base salary for the calendar year of the date of termination, and (ii) his target annual bonus for the calendar year of the date of termination; (b) the Prior Year STI; (c) the Pro Rata STI; (d) the monthly COBRA reimbursement multiplied by 36 months; and (e) 100% accelerated vesting of any unvested equity awards then-held by Mr. Powell.

74

 

---

 

 

The 2021 Employment Agreement provides that if Mr. Powell’s employment is terminated by reason of his death or disability, then Mr. Powell will be eligible to receive the Prior Year STI and the Pro Rata STI. The vesting and exercise of any equity awards held by Mr. Powell at the time of his death or disability would be determined in accordance with the applicable incentive plan and award agreement.

In the event that any payment or benefit payable to Mr. Powell under the 2021 Employment Agreement would result in the imposition of excise taxes under the “golden parachute” provisions of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code, then such payments and benefits will either be made and/or provided in full or will be reduced such that the excise tax under Section 280G is not applicable, whichever is least economically disadvantageous to Mr. Powell. The 2021 Employment Agreement does not provide for any excise tax or other tax “gross-up” payment.

All severance payments and benefits under the 2021 Employment Agreement are subject to applicable withholding obligations, Mr. Powell’s execution and non-revocation of a release of claims, and compliance with certain non-competition, non-disclosure, and non-solicitation covenants.

Neither Ms. Stanfield nor Ms. Johnson has an employment agreement.

Executive Severance Arrangements

Aimco has an executive severance policy that provides that Aimco shall seek stockholder approval or ratification of any future severance agreement for any senior executive officer that provides for benefits, such as lump-sum or future periodic cash payments or new equity awards, in an amount in excess of 2.99 times such executive officer’s base salary and bonus. Compensation and benefits earned through the termination date, the value of vesting or payment of any equity awards outstanding prior to the termination date, pro rata vesting of any other long-term awards, or benefits provided under plans, programs or arrangements that are applicable to one or more groups of employees in addition to senior executives are not subject to the policy. It has been Aimco’s longstanding practice not to provide excessive severance arrangements.

Executive Severance Policy. On February 22, 2018, the Committee adopted the Apartment Investment and Management Company Executive Severance Policy (the “Executive Severance Policy”). The Executive Severance Policy superseded and replaced any employment agreement or other plan, policy or practice involving the payment of severance benefits to participants under the Executive Severance Policy. On April 28, 2021, the Committee amended the Executive Severance Policy in accordance with recommendations provided by the Committee’s compensation consultant to bring the policy in line with market. On October 27, 2021, the Committee amended the Executive Severance Policy to remove severance provisions for the Chief Executive Officer in connection with the Committee’s approval of an employment agreement for Mr. Powell that includes severance provisions that are consistent with the severance to which he may otherwise become entitled under the Executive Severance Policy. The Company’s Executive Vice Presidents, as determined on the records of the Company and any other entities through which the operations of the Company are conducted, are eligible to participate in the Executive Severance Policy. Each of Mses. Stanfield and Johnson are participants under the Executive Severance Policy.

The Executive Severance Policy provides that if the Company terminates a participant’s employment without “Cause,” or if the participant terminates his or her employment for “Good Reason” (each as defined in the Executive Severance Policy), then the participant will be eligible to receive the following benefits:

The vesting and exercise of any equity awards held by a participant on the date of termination will be determined in accordance with the applicable incentive plan and award agreement.

Pursuant to the terms of the Executive Severance Policy, if the Company terminates a participant’s employment without Cause, or if the participant terminates his or her employment for Good Reason, in either case, within the period commencing six months prior to and ending 24 months following a “Change in Control” (as defined in the Executive Severance Policy), then in lieu of the severance benefits described above the participant will be eligible to receive the following benefits:

75

 

---

 

 

 

The Executive Severance Policy provides that if the employment of the participant is terminated by reason of the participant’s death or disability, then the participant will be eligible to receive a pro-rated bonus for the year of termination. In addition, the vesting and exercise of any equity awards held by the participant at the time of his or her death or disability will be determined in accordance with the applicable incentive plan and award agreement.

In the event that any payment or benefit payable to a participant under the Executive Severance Policy would result in the imposition of excise taxes under the “golden parachute” provisions of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code, then such payments and benefits will either be made and/or provided in full or will be reduced such that the excise tax under Section 280G is not applicable, whichever is least economically disadvantageous to the participant. The Executive Severance Policy does not provide for any excise tax or other tax “gross-up” payment.

All severance payments and benefits under the Executive Severance Policy are subject to applicable withholding obligations, the participant’s execution and non-revocation of a release of claims, and compliance with certain non-competition, non-disclosure and non-solicitation covenants set forth in a restrictive covenant agreement that is appropriate for the participant’s position.

The Executive Severance Policy will remain in effect, subject to amendment, until terminated by the Board. The Board may terminate or amend the Executive Severance Policy at any time, so long as at least 90 days’ prior notice is provided to any participant if the termination or amendment of the Executive Severance Policy would materially or adversely affect the rights of the participant.

Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreements

Effective in connection with their promotions by Aimco for Mr. Powell and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson, Aimco entered into certain non-competition and non-solicitation agreements with each executive. Mr. Powell’s non-competition and non-solicitation agreement was replaced by his 2021 Employment Agreement. Pursuant to these agreements, each of these NEOs agreed that during the term of his or her employment with the Company and for a period of two years following the termination of his or her employment, except in circumstances where there was a change in control of the Company, he or she would not (i) be employed by a competitor of the Company described on a schedule to the agreement, (ii) solicit other employees to leave the Company’s employment, or (iii) solicit customers of Aimco to terminate their relationship with the Company. The agreements further require that the NEOs protect Aimco’s trade secrets and confidential information. For Mr. Powell, the non-solicitation requirement survives a change in control of the Company. For Mses. Stanfield and Johnson, the agreements provide that in order to enforce the above-noted non-competition condition following the executive’s termination of employment by the Company without cause, the executive will receive, for a period not to extend beyond the earlier of 24 months following such termination or the date of acceptance of employment with a non-competitor, (i) non-compete payments in an amount, if any, to be determined by the Company in its sole discretion and (ii) a monthly payment equal to two-thirds of such executive’s monthly base salary at the time of termination. For purposes of these agreements, “cause” is defined to mean, among other things, the executive’s (i) breach of the agreement, (ii) failure to perform required employment services, (iii) misappropriation of Company funds or property, (iv) conviction, plea of guilty, or plea of no contest to a crime involving fraud or moral turpitude, or (v) negligence, fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, misconduct or violation of law.

Equity Award Agreements

Double Trigger Vesting Upon Change in Control. The award agreements pursuant to which restricted stock, stock option, and/or LTIP Unit awards have been granted to Mr. Powell and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson, as applicable, provide that if (i) a change in control occurs and (ii) the executive’s employment with the Company is terminated either by the Company without cause or by the executive for good reason, in either case, within 12 months following the change in control, then (a) for time-based restricted stock and/or LTIP Unit awards, all outstanding shares of restricted stock and LTIP Units shall become immediately and fully vested, and (b) for performance-based restricted stock, stock options, and/or LTIP Unit awards, all outstanding shares of restricted stock, stock options, and/or LTIP Units shall become immediately and fully vested based on the higher of actual or target performance through the truncated performance period ending on the date of the change in control, and all vested stock options will remain exercisable for the remainder of the term of the option.

Accelerated Vesting Upon Termination of Employment Due to Death or Disability. The award agreements pursuant to which restricted stock, stock option, and/or LTIP Unit awards have been granted to Mr. Powell and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson, as applicable, provide that upon a termination of employment due to death or disability, then (a) for time-based restricted stock and/or LTIP Unit awards, all outstanding shares of restricted stock and LTIP Units shall become immediately and fully vested, and (b) for performance-based restricted stock,  stock option, and/or LTIP Unit awards, all outstanding shares of restricted stock, stock options, and/or LTIP Units shall become immediately and fully vested based on the higher of actual or target performance through the truncated performance period ending on the date of termination, and all vested stock options will remain exercisable for the remainder of the term of the option.

76

 

---

 

 

Other Benefits; Perquisite Philosophy

Aimco’s executive officer benefit programs are substantially the same as for all other eligible officers and employees. Aimco does not provide executives with more than minimal perquisites, such as reserved parking places.

Stock Ownership Guidelines and Required Holding Periods After Vesting

Aimco believes that it is in the best interest of Aimco’s stockholders for Aimco’s executive officers to own Aimco stock. Every year, the Committee and CEO review Aimco’s stock ownership guidelines, each executive officer’s holdings in light of the stock ownership guidelines, and each executive officer’s accumulated realized and unrealized restricted stock, stock option, and LTIP Unit gains.  The Committee updated the stock ownership guidelines in April 2021.

Equity ownership guidelines for all executive officers are determined as a multiple of the executive’s base salary. The Committee and management have established the following stock ownership guidelines for Aimco’s executive officers:

 

Any executive officer who has not satisfied the stock ownership guidelines must, until the stock ownership guidelines are satisfied, hold 50% of any restricted stock that vests, after deduction of restricted stock sold for payment of income taxes related to the vesting for at least three years from the date of vesting, and hold shares equal to 50% of (i) the value realized upon option exercises less (ii) related income taxes for at least three years from the date of exercise.

Each of Mr. Powell and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson exceeded the ownership targets established in Aimco’s stock ownership guidelines as of the date of this filing.

Role of Outside Consultants

The Committee has the authority under its charter to engage the services of outside advisors, experts and others to assist the Committee. In 2021, the Committee engaged Willis Towers Watson to advise the Committee regarding Aimco’s executive compensation plan. Willis Towers Watson did not provide other services to Aimco. The Committee assessed the independence of Willis Towers Watson pursuant to SEC rules and concluded that Willis Towers Watson is independent.

The Committee directed Willis Towers Watson to: (i) perform studies of competitive compensation practices; (ii) develop conclusions and recommendations regarding Aimco’s executive compensation plans for consideration by the Committee; (iii) identify an executive compensation peer group; (iv) perform a benchmarking analysis of the base salary, STI, and LTI of the NEOs relative to competitive practices; (v) advise the Committee regarding stock ownership guidelines for the NEOs; and (vi) perform an assessment of the risks contained in Aimco’s incentive compensation plans.

Base Salary, Incentive Compensation, and Equity Grant Practices

Base salary adjustments typically take effect on January 1. The Committee (for the CEO) and the CEO, in consultation with the Committee (for the other executive officers), determine incentive compensation in late January or early February. STI is typically paid in February or March. LTI is granted on a date determined by the Committee, typically in late January or early February.

Aimco grants equity in three scenarios: in connection with its annual incentive compensation program as discussed above; in connection with certain new-hire or promotion packages; and for purposes of retention.

With respect to LTI, the Committee sets the grant date for the restricted stock, stock option, and LTIP Unit grants. The Committee typically sets grant dates at the time of its final compensation determination, generally in late January or early February. Due to the Separation and the additional time taken to create a new executive compensation plan for post-Separation Aimco, the Committee granted 2021 LTI in late April 2021.  The date of determination and date of award are not selected based on share price. In the case of new-hire packages that include equity awards, grants are made on the employee’s start date or on a date designated in advance based on the passage of a specific number of days after the employee’s start date. For non-executive officers, as provided for in the 2015 Plan, the Committee has delegated the authority to make equity awards, up to certain limits, to the Chief Financial Officer (Ms. Stanfield) and/or Corporate Secretary (Ms. Johnson). The Committee and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson time grants without regard to the share price or the timing of the release of material non-public information and do not time grants for the purpose of affecting the value of executive compensation.

77

 

---

 

 

2022 Compensation Targets

Based on comparison to compensation paid to CEOs at Aimco’s peers, the Committee set Mr. Powell’s target total compensation (base compensation, STI and LTI) for 2022 at $2.3 million. Mr. Powell, in consultation with and approval from the Committee, set target total compensation (base compensation, STI and LTI) for 2022 for the other NEOs as follows: Ms. Stanfield — $1.4 million; and Ms. Johnson — $1.1 million. Aimco performance will determine the amounts paid for 2022 STI and the portion of LTI awards that vest, and such amounts may be less than, or in excess of, these target amounts. STI will be paid in cash. The LTI was granted on February 2, 2022, and was in the form of restricted stock, stock options, and/or LTIP Units.

Accounting Treatment and Tax Deductibility of Executive Compensation

The Committee generally considers the accounting treatment and tax implications of the compensation awarded or paid to our executives. Grants of equity compensation awards under our long-term incentive program are accounted for under FASB ASC Topic 718. Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code was amended on December 22, 2017, by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). Under the Tax Act, Section 162(m) applies to each employee who serves as the Company’s principal executive officer or principal financial officer during the taxable year, each other employee of the Company who is among the three most highly compensated officers during such taxable year, and any other employee who was a covered employee of the Company for any preceding taxable year beginning after December 31, 2016. The Tax Act also eliminated the performance-based compensation exception with respect to tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, but includes a transition rule with respect to compensation that is provided pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on November 2, 2017, and not materially modified after that date. The Company has awarded, and will continue to award, compensation as it considers appropriate that does not qualify for deductibility under Section 162(m).

COMPENSATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES COMMITTEE REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS

The Compensation and Human Resources Committee held six meetings during the year ended December 31, 2021. The Compensation and Human Resources Committee has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion & Analysis with management. Based upon such review, the related discussions, and such other matters deemed relevant and appropriate by the Compensation and Human Resources Committee, the Compensation and Human Resources Committee has recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion & Analysis be included in this filing.

Date: February 22, 2022

QUINCY L. ALLEN

PATRICIA L. GIBSON

JAY PAUL LEUPP

ROBERT A. MILLER

DEBORAH SMITH

MICHAEL A. STEIN

R. DARY STONE

KIRK A. SYKES (CHAIRMAN)

The above report will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing by Aimco under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that Aimco specifically incorporates the same by reference.

78

 

---

 

 

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

The table below summarizes the compensation for the years 2021 and 2020 attributable to each of the NEOs.

 

__________

 

The amounts shown in this column for 2021 include the grant date fair value of the performance-based restricted stock awards granted in 2021 based on the probable outcome of the performance condition to which such awards are subject, which was calculated by a third-party consultant using a Monte Carlo valuation model in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Based on the foregoing, the grant date fair value is $8.51 per share for the performance-based restricted stock awards granted to each of Mr. Powell and Meses. Stanfield and Johnson that are based on relative TSR performance. The grant date fair value of the performance-based restricted stock awards, assuming achievement at the maximum level of performance, is $1,530,592 for Mr. Powell, $1,156,440 for Ms. Stanfield, and $653,704 for Ms. Johnson.  

 

 

The amounts shown in this column for 2021 include the grant date fair value of the performance-based stock options granted in 2021 based on the probable outcome of the performance condition to which such option is subject, which was calculated by a third-party consultant using a Monte Carlo valuation model. Based on the foregoing, the grant date fair value is $3.04 per underlying share of the options. The grant date fair value of the options, assuming achievement at the maximum level of performance, is $1,928,576 for Mr. Powell.

 

79

 

---

 

 

 

 

 

 

80

 

---

 

 

GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS IN 2021

The following table provides details regarding plan-based awards granted to the NEOs during the year ended December 31, 2021.

 

__________

 

 

 

81

 

---

 

 

 

 

 

The amounts shown in this column include the grant date fair value of the performance-based restricted stock awards based on the probable outcome of the performance condition to which such awards are subject, which was calculated by a third-party consultant using a Monte Carlo valuation model in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Based on the foregoing, the grant date fair value is $8.51 per share for the performance-based restricted stock awards granted to each of Mr. Powell and Mses. Stanfield and Johnson that are based on relative TSR performance. The grant date fair value of the performance-based restricted stock awards, assuming achievement at the maximum level of performance, is $1,530,592 for Mr. Powell, $1,156,441 for Ms. Stanfield, and $653,704 for Ms. Johnson.

 

The amounts shown in this column include the grant date fair value of the performance-based stock options based on the probable outcome of the performance condition to which such option is subject, which was calculated by a third-party consultant using a Monte Carlo valuation model. Based on the foregoing, the grant date fair value is $3.04 per underlying share of the options. The grant date fair value of the options, assuming achievement at the maximum level of performance, is $1,928,576 for Mr. Powell.

82

 

---

 

 

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END 2021

The following table shows outstanding stock option awards classified as exercisable and unexercisable as of December 31, 2021, for the NEOs. The table also shows unvested and unearned stock awards assuming a market value of $7.72 per share (the closing market price of the Company’s Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on December 31, 2021).

 

__________

83

 

---

 

 

84

 

---

 

 

OPTION EXERCISES AND STOCK VESTED IN 2021

The following table sets forth certain information regarding options and stock awards exercised and vested, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2021, for the persons named in the Summary Compensation Table above.

 

__________

POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON TERMINATION OR CHANGE IN CONTROL

The NEOs are entitled to certain severance payments and benefits upon a qualifying termination of employment or, in the case of a change in control, double trigger accelerated vesting of equity awards in the event of a qualifying termination of employment that occurs within one year following a change in control. The terms of these arrangements are described under “CD&A — Post-Employment Compensation and Employment and Severance Arrangements — Executive Employment Arrangements, Executive Severance Arrangements, and Equity Award Agreements” above.

In the table that follows, potential payments and other benefits payable upon termination of employment and change in control situations are set out as if the conditions for payments had occurred and/or the terminations took place on December 31, 2021. In setting out such payments and benefits, amounts that had already been earned as of the termination date are not shown. Also, benefits that are available to all full-time regular employees when their employment terminates are not shown. The amounts set forth below are estimates of the amounts that could be paid out to the NEOs upon their termination. The actual amounts to be paid out can only be determined at the time of such NEOs’ separation from Aimco. The following table summarizes the potential payments under various scenarios if they had occurred on December 31, 2021.

 

__________

 

85

 

---

 

 

 

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION

We believe that executive pay should be internally consistent and equitable to motivate our teammates to create stockholder value. In August 2015, pursuant to a mandate of the Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC adopted a rule requiring annual disclosure of the ratio of the median employee’s annual total compensation to the annual total compensation of the principal executive officer. The disclosure is required for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2017. The annual total compensation for 2021 for Mr. Powell, our CEO, was $5,445,198, as reported under the heading “Summary Compensation Table.” Our median employee’s total compensation for 2021 was $144,781. As a result, we estimate that Mr. Powell’s 2021 total compensation was approximately 37.6 times that of our median employee.

Our CEO to median employee pay ratio was calculated in accordance with Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K. We identified the median employee by examining 2021 total compensation, consisting of base salary, annual bonus amounts, stock-based compensation (based on the grant date fair value of awards granted during 2021) and other incentive payments for all individuals who were employed by Aimco on December 31, 2021, other than our CEO. Our measuring date of December 31 remained the same as last year. We included all active employees and annualized the compensation for any employees who were not employed by Aimco for the full 2021 calendar year. After identifying the median employee based on 2021 total compensation, we calculated annual total compensation for such employee using the same methodology we use for our NEOs as set forth in the “Total” column in the Summary Compensation Table.

 

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

In formulating its recommendation for director compensation, the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee reviews director compensation for independent directors of companies in the real estate industry and companies of comparable market capitalization, revenue, and assets and considers compensation trends for other NYSE-listed companies. The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee also considers the size of the Board as compared to other boards, the participation of each independent director on committees, and the resulting workload on the directors. In addition, the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee considers the overall cost of the Board to the Company and the cost per director.

2021 Compensation

In connection with the Separation, the Independent Directors each received an initial fee of 34,000 shares of Common Stock, which shares were awarded on December 21, 2020, for Messrs. Allen, Leupp, Stone, and Sykes and Ms. Gibson, and on January 27, 2021, for Messrs. Miller and Stein and Ms. Smith.

For 2021, compensation for the Independent Directors included a fixed annual cash retainer of $75,000 and an award of 16,234 shares of fully vested Common Stock. No meeting fees were paid to independent directors for attending meetings of the Board and the committees on which they serve.

As contemplated by the Separation and by Aimco and AIR, Mr. Considine has specific responsibilities to Aimco as a non-executive employee during 2021 and 2022 to support the establishment and growth of the Aimco business, reporting directly to the Board. These responsibilities include short and long-term strategic direction and advice, transition and executive support to Aimco officers, and advice and consultation with respect to Aimco’s strategic growth and acquisition activities. The Independent Directors set Mr. Considine’s 2021 target total compensation (including base compensation, STI, and LTI) for these responsibilities at $1.8 million.

86

 

---

 

 

For the year ended December 31, 2021, Aimco paid the directors serving on the Board during that year as follows:

 

__________

 

87

 

---

 

 

 

2022 Compensation

Compensation for each of the Independent Directors in 2022 includes an annual fee of $170,000, payable up to 50% in the form of a cash retainer with the remainder in stock, stock options, and/or LTIP Units.  The stock, stock options, and LTIP Units were awarded on February 4, 2022.  The closing price of Aimco’s Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on February 4, 2022, was $6.79. Directors will not receive meeting fees in 2022.

As described above, Mr. Considine has specific responsibilities to Aimco as a non-executive employee during 2021 and 2022 to support the establishment and growth of the Aimco business, reporting directly to the Board. The Independent Directors set Mr. Considine’s 2022 target total compensation (including base compensation, STI, and LTI) for these responsibilities at $1.8 million, consisting of $300,000 in base salary, target STI of $600,000, and target LTI of $900,000, identical to his 2021 target total compensation. Mr. Considine’s 2022 base salary of $300,000 is in the form of 175,439 LTIP Units awarded on February 2, 2022, and which will vest on the first anniversary of the award date.  With respect to the LTIP Units granted to Mr. Considine, Mr. Considine was granted the ability to participate in the appreciation of value of Aimco that took place after these LTIP Units were granted, subject to their vesting. For the purpose of calculating the number of shares subject to these LTIP Units, the target dollar amount was divided by $1.71, which price was calculated by a third-party financial firm with particular expertise in the valuation of such LTIP Units. The LTIP Units as granted had a conversion price of $6.96, which was the closing price of Aimco’s stock on the grant date and equal to the fair market value of Aimco’s Common Stock on the grant date. Mr. Considine’s 2022 STI will be based entirely on Aimco’s performance against its 2022 corporate goals. Mr. Considine’s 2022 LTI was awarded on February 2, 2022, in the form of LTIP Units and is based entirely on Aimco’s relative TSR over the forward looking, three-year performance period from January 1, 2022, through December 31, 2024.

88

 

---

 

 

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth certain information available to the Company, as of February 28, 2022, with respect to Aimco’s equity securities beneficially owned by (i) each director and the NEOs, and (ii) all directors and executive officers as a group. The table also sets forth certain information available to the Company, as of February 28, 2022, with respect to shares of Common Stock held by each person known to the Company to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of such shares. This table reflects options that are exercisable within 60 days. Unless otherwise indicated, each person has sole voting and investment power with respect to the securities beneficially owned by that person. The business address of each of the following directors and NEOs is 4582 South Ulster Street, Suite 1450, Denver, Colorado 80237. None of the securities reflected in this table held by the directors or NEOs are the subject of any hedging or pledging transaction.

 

__________

89

 

---

 

 

 

 

 

90

 

---

 

 

 

SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

Information on equity compensation plans as of the end of the 2021 fiscal year under which equity securities of the Company are authorized for issuance is set forth in the following table.

 

__________

 

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

Policies and Procedures for Review, Approval or Ratification of Related Person Transactions

Aimco recognizes that related person transactions can present potential or actual conflicts of interest and create the appearance that Aimco’s decisions are based on considerations other than the best interests of Aimco and its stockholders. Nevertheless, Aimco recognizes that there are situations where related person transactions may be in, or may not be inconsistent with, the best interests of Aimco and its stockholders. The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee, pursuant to a written policy approved by the Board, has oversight for related person transactions. The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee will review transactions, arrangements or relationships in which (1) the aggregate amount involved will or may be expected to exceed $100,000 in any calendar year, (2) Aimco (or any Aimco entity) is a participant, and (3) any related party has or will have a direct or indirect interest (other than an interest arising solely as a result of being a director of another corporation or organization that is a party to the transaction or a less than ten percent beneficial owner of another entity that is a party to the transaction). The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee has also given its standing approval for certain types of related person transactions such as certain employment arrangements, director compensation, transactions with another entity in which a related person’s interest is only by virtue of a non-executive employment relationship or limited equity position, and transactions in which all stockholders receive pro rata benefits.

Sublease of a Portion of Aimco Office Space

On January 25, 2019, Aimco entered into a sublease agreement (the “Sublease”) with an entity in which Mr. Considine has sole voting and investment power. Under this agreement, Aimco has subleased to said entity approximately 2,957 square feet of office space within the same building as Aimco’s corporate headquarters in Denver, Colorado, and consisting of excess space not needed by Aimco, on exactly the same terms as Aimco leases the space. The Sublease does not provide any benefit to the entity, as other space in the building requires comparable rent. The Sublease provides some benefit to Aimco as it gives Aimco the ability to put the excess space to productive use. The entity has a lease term less favorable than Aimco’s lease with the landlord, in that Aimco has the option to terminate the Sublease at any time, for any or no reason, upon six months’ notice. The Sublease has a term that began on April 1, 2019, and ends on April 30, 2029, the same term as the Aimco lease. The annual amount of rent in the first year was $78,361, subject to annual increases. The aggregate amount of rent expected to be paid under the Sublease, assuming the entire lease term is fulfilled, is approximately $850,000. The Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee reviewed the Sublease and determined that it is in the best interests of Aimco and its stockholders.

Related Person Transactions

In November 2019, Aimco confirmed an arrangement with Richard M. Powell, of R.M. Powell & Co., a contractor for Aimco since 1997 and father of Mr. Wes Powell, Director, President and CEO. Depending on the success of potential transactions identified by Mr. Richard Powell, he may earn fees in amounts in excess of $120,000. Pursuant to the Company’s related party transactions policy, the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee reviewed and approved the arrangement with Mr. Richard Powell, subject to the Committee’s subsequent review and approval of any specific transaction in which R.M. Powell & Co. provides services.

91

 

---

 

 

In March 2020, Elizabeth Likovich, the daughter of Mr. Considine, Director, became a full-time employee of the Company. Her compensation for 2021 was in line with the median for her peers, and consisted of $254,606 in base salary, $68,400 in STI, $4,222 in discretionary matching contributions under Aimco’s 401(k) plan, and $1,106,022 in equity awards vesting over four to five years. Prior to joining Aimco, Ms. Likovich held a similar position at a peer apartment company. Pursuant to the policy noted above, the Nominating, Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee reviewed and approved the employment of Ms. Likovich.

Independence of Directors

The Board has determined that to be considered independent, a director may not have a direct or indirect material relationship with Aimco or its subsidiaries (directly or as a partner, stockholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the Company). A material relationship is one that impairs or inhibits, or has the potential to impair or inhibit, a director’s exercise of critical and disinterested judgment on behalf of Aimco and its stockholders. In determining whether a material relationship exists, the Board considers all relevant facts and circumstances, including whether the director or a family member is a current or former employee of the Company, family member relationships, compensation, business relationships and payments, and charitable contributions between Aimco and an entity with which a director is affiliated (as an executive officer, partner or substantial stockholder). The Board consults with the Company’s counsel to ensure that such determinations are consistent with all relevant securities and other laws and regulations regarding the definition of “independent director,” including but not limited to those categorical standards set forth in Section 303A.02 of the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange.

Consistent with these considerations, the Board has affirmatively determined that Messrs. Allen, Leupp, Miller, Stein, Stone, and Sykes and Mses. Gibson and Smith are independent directors are independent directors.

 

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Principal Accountant Fees

Below is information on the fees billed for services rendered by Ernst & Young LLP during the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020. 

 

__________

 

92

 

---

 

 

 

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies

The Audit Committee has adopted the Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy (the “Pre-Approval Policy”). A summary of the Pre-Approval Policy is as follows:

All of the services described in the Principal Accountant Fee section above were approved pursuant to the annual engagement letter or in accordance with the Pre-Approval Policy.

 

93

 

---

 

 

 

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

94

 

---

 

 

 

INDEX TO EXHIBITS (1) (2)

 

95

 

---

 

 

96

 

---

 

 

 

 

 

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

 

97

 

---

 

 

 

 

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

AIMCO OP L.P.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

 

 

F-1

 

---

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

F-2

 

---

 

 

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of each registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

 

 

F-3

 

---

 

 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Apartment Investment and Management Company

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements  

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Apartment Investment and Management Company (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 1, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

F-4

 

---

 

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2020.

Denver, Colorado

March 1, 2022

 

F-5

 

---

 

 

 

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-6

 

---

 

 

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-7

 

---

 

 

 

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

 

F-8

 

---

 

 

 

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

F-9

 

---

 

 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Partners and the Board of Directors of

Aimco OP L.P.

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements  

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Aimco OP L.P. (the Partnership) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, partners’ capital, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Partnership at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Partnership's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 1, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Partnership's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

Critical Audit Matter

 

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

F-10

 

---

 

 

 

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Partnership's auditor since 2020.

Denver, Colorado

March 1, 2022

 

 

F-11

 

---

 

 

 

AIMCO OP L.P.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-12

---

 

 

 

AIMCO OP L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

F-13

---

 

 

 

AIMCO OP L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS’ CAPITAL

For the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-14

---

 

 

 

 

AIMCO OP L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

See notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-15

---

 

 

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

AIMCO OP L.P.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2021

Note 1 — Organization

Apartment Investment and Management Company (“Aimco”), a Maryland corporation incorporated on January 10, 1994, is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”). Aimco, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, is the general partner and directly is the special limited partner of Aimco OP L.P. (“Aimco Operating Partnership”).

Except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Aimco, Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries, collectively.

The Separation

On December 15, 2020, Aimco completed the separation of its businesses (the “Separation”), creating two, separate and distinct, publicly traded companies, Aimco and Apartment Income REIT Corp. (“AIR”) (Aimco and AIR together, as they existed prior to the Separation, “Aimco Predecessor”).

Prior to the Separation, the consolidated financial statements were prepared on a carve-out basis and reflect significant assumptions and allocations. The consolidated financial statements reflect our historical consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). The historical financial statements of Aimco do not represent the financial position and results of operations of one legal entity, but rather a combination of entities under common control that have been “carved out” from Aimco Predecessor’s financial statements. All significant intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

All separation related transactions between Aimco and Aimco Predecessor are considered effectively settled through partners’ capital in our consolidated financial statements, other than the Notes Payable to AIR as discussed in Note 7. The settlement of these transactions is reflected as contributions from Aimco Predecessor, net in our consolidated statements of equity and partners’ capital and net change in Aimco Predecessor invesment in financing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

Business

Aimco, through a wholly owned subsidiary, is the general and special limited partner of Aimco Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2021, Aimco owned 93.1% of the legal interest in the common partnership units of Aimco Operating Partnership and 95.0% of the economic interest in Aimco Operating Partnership. The remaining 6.9% legal interest is owned by limited partners. As the sole general partner of Aimco Operating Partnership, Aimco has exclusive control of Aimco Operating Partnership’s day-to-day management.

We own or lease a portfolio of real estate investments focused primarily on the U.S. multifamily sector. These real estate investments include a portfolio of 29 operating apartment communities (25 consolidated properties with 6,125 apartment homes and four unconsolidated properties), diversified by both geography and price point, in ten major U.S. markets; one commercial office building owned as part of a land assemblage; three residential apartment communities, with 1,331 planned apartment homes, a single family rental community, with 16 planned homes plus eight accessory dwelling units, and one hotel, with 106 planned rooms, that we are actively developing or redeveloping; land parcels held for development; and three residential apartment communities with 499 apartment homes, for which we have completed the redevelopment and are in lease-up, but have not achieved stabilization. In addition, we hold other opportunistic and alternative investments, including our Mezzanine investment; our IQHQ investment; and our investment in real estate technology funds.

Any reference to the number of apartment communities and homes, square footage, or occupancy percentage in these notes to our consolidated financial statements are unaudited.

 

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aimco, Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries. Aimco Operating Partnership’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aimco Operating Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

As used herein, and except where the context otherwise requires, “partnership” refers to a limited partnership or a limited liability company and “partner” refers to a partner in a limited partnership or a member of a limited liability company.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period financial statement presentation with no effect on the Company’s previously reported results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

F-16

---

 

 

Principles of Consolidation

We consolidate variable interest entities (“VIE”), in which we are considered the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. Refer to Note 6 for further information.

Allocations

The 2020 consolidated statements of operations include allocations of general and administrative expenses from Aimco Predecessor, as discussed in Note 5 —Transactions with AIR. We consider the basis on which expenses have been allocated to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided to or the benefit received by us during the periods presented. However, the allocations may not include all of the actual expenses that we would have incurred and may not reflect our consolidated results of operations, financial position, and cash flows had it been a stand-alone company during the periods presented. Actual costs that might have been incurred had we been a stand-alone company would depend on a number of factors, including the chosen organizational structure, what functions we might have performed ourselves or outsourced, and strategic decisions we might have made in areas such as information technology and infrastructure. Following the Separation, AIR, through its subsidiaries, provides Aimco with certain property management and other services, and we perform certain functions using our own resources or purchase services from third parties.

Common Noncontrolling Interests in Aimco Operating Partnership

Common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership consist of common OP Units (“OP Units”) and are reflected in Aimco’s accompanying consolidated balance sheets as common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership. Aimco Operating Partnership’s income or loss is allocated to the holders of common OP Units, other than Aimco, based on the weighted-average number of common OP Units (including Aimco) outstanding during the period. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, the holders of common OP Units had a weighted-average economic ownership interest in Aimco Operating Partnership of approximately 5.0%. Please refer to Note 10 for further information regarding the items comprising common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership. Substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Aimco are held by Aimco Operating Partnership.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships

Redeemable noncontrolling interests consists of equity interests held by a limited partner in a consolidated real estate partnership that has a finite life. We generally attribute to noncontrolling interests their share of income or loss of consolidated partnerships based on their proportionate interest in the results of operations of the partnerships, including their share of losses even if such attribution results in a deficit noncontrolling interest balance within our equity accounts.

If a consolidated real estate partnership includes redemption rights that are not within our control, the noncontrolling interest is included as temporary equity. If the redemption right is not currently redeemable but probable of being redeemable in the future, changes in redemption value are recognized each quarter with the change in value being reflected in additional paid-in-capital.

The assets of our consolidated real estate partnerships must first be used to settle the liabilities of the consolidated real estate partnerships. The consolidated real estate partnership’s creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of Aimco Operating Partnership.

The following table represents a reconciliation of our redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnership during the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2020		$	4,263
Capital contributions			29,440
Net income			91
Balance at December 31, 2021		$	33,794

Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Partnerships

We own general and limited partner interests in partnerships that either directly, or through interests in other real estate partnerships, own apartment communities. We generally account for investments in real estate partnerships that we do not consolidate under the equity method. Accordingly, we recognize our share of the earnings or losses of the entity for the periods presented, inclusive of our share of any impairments and disposition gains or losses recognized by and related to such entities, and we present such amounts within income from unconsolidated real estate partnerships in our consolidated statements of operations.

The excess of our cost of the acquired partnership interests over our share of the partners’ equity or deficit is generally ascribed to the fair values of land and buildings owned by the partnerships. We amortize the excess cost ascribed to the buildings over the related estimated useful lives. Such amortization is recorded as an adjustment of the amounts of earnings or losses we recognize from such unconsolidated real estate partnerships.

F-17

---

 

 

We may also originate loans for real estate acquisitions or developments where we either expect, or have the opportunity, to participate in the residual profits from such projects. When the risks and rewards of these arrangements are similar to an equity investor or joint venture partner, we account for these arrangements as real estate investments using the equity method of accounting. We recognize as income changes in our share of net assets, adjusted for any basis differential, in mezzanine investment income, net, in our consolidated statements of operations.

We assess the recoverability of our equity method investments if there are indicators of potential impairment. We did not recognize any such impairments of our equity method investments during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

Mezzanine Investment

On November 26, 2019, Aimco Predecessor made a five-year, $275.0 million mezzanine loan to the partnership owning the “Parkmerced Apartments,” located in southwest San Francisco (the “Mezzanine Investment”). The loan bears interest at a 10% annual rate, accruing if not paid from property operations. Ownership of the subsidiaries that originated and hold the mezzanine loan was retained by AIR following the Separation.

The Separation Agreement provides for AIR to transfer ownership of the subsidiaries that originated and hold the mezzanine loan, a related equity option to acquire a 30% interest in the partnership owning Parkmerced Apartments and the interest rate option, or swaption, that provides partial protection against future refinancing risk through 2024 to Aimco once required consents to transfer are received. At the time of the Separation and as of the date of this filing, legal title of these subsidiaries has not yet transferred to Aimco. Until legal title of the subsidiaries is transferred, AIR is obligated to pass payments on such loan to us, and we are obligated to indemnify AIR against any costs and expenses related thereto. We have the risks and rewards of ownership of the Mezzanine Investment and have recognized an asset related to our right to receive the Mezzanine Investment from AIR.

We recognize as income the net amounts earned on the mezzanine loan by AIR on its equity investment that are due to be paid to us when collected to the extent the income is supported by the change in AIR’s claim to the net assets of the underlying borrower. The income recognized primarily represents the interest accrued under the terms of the underlying mezzanine loan.

The loan is subject to certain risks, including, but not limited to, those resulting from the ongoing disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic and associated response, and any similar events that might occur in the future, which may result in all or a portion of the loan not being repaid. In the event we determine that a portion of the Mezzanine Investment is not recoverable, we will recognize an impairment.

Real Estate

Acquisitions

Upon the acquisition of real estate, we determine whether the purchase qualifies as an asset acquisition or, less frequently, meets the definition of an acquisition of a business. We generally recognize the acquisition of real estate or interests in partnerships that own real estate at our cost, including the related transaction costs, as asset acquisitions.

We allocate the cost of real estate acquired based on the relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair value of these assets and liabilities is determined using valuation techniques that rely on Level 2 and Level 3 inputs within the fair value framework. We determine the fair value of tangible assets, such as land, buildings, furniture, fixtures, and equipment using valuation techniques that consider comparable market transactions, replacement costs, and other available information. We determine the fair value of identified intangible assets or liabilities, which typically relate to in-place leases, using valuation techniques that consider the terms of the in-place leases, current market data for comparable leases, and our experience in leasing similar real estate.

The intangible assets or liabilities related to in-place leases are comprised of: (a) the value of the above- and below-market leases in-place, measured over the period, including probable lease renewals for below-market leases, for which the leases are expected to remain in effect; (b) the estimated unamortized portion of avoided leasing commissions and other costs that ordinarily would be incurred to originate the in-place leases; and (c) the value associated with in-place leases during an estimated absorption period, which estimates rental revenue that would not have been earned had the leased space been vacant at the time of acquisition, assuming lease-up periods based on market demand and stabilized occupancy levels. The above- and below-market lease intangibles are amortized to rental revenue over the expected remaining terms of the associated leases, which include reasonably assured renewal periods. Other intangible assets related to in-place leases are amortized to depreciation and amortization over the expected remaining terms of the associated leases.

Capital Additions

We capitalize costs, including certain indirect costs, incurred in connection with our capital additions activities, including redevelopments, other tangible apartment community improvements, and replacements of existing community components. Included in these capitalized costs are payroll costs associated with time spent by employees in connection with the planning, execution, and control of all capital addition activities at our communities. We characterize as “indirect costs” an allocation of certain department costs, including payroll, at the area operations and corporate levels that clearly relate to capital addition activities. We also capitalize interest, property taxes, and insurance during periods in which construction projects are in progress. We commence capitalization of costs, including certain indirect costs, incurred in connection with our

F-18

---

 

 

capital addition activities, at the point in time when activities necessary to get communities, apartment homes, or leased spaces ready for their intended use begin. These activities include when communities, apartment homes or leased spaces are undergoing physical construction, as well as when homes or leased spaces are held vacant in advance of planned construction, provided that other activities such as permitting, planning, and design are in progress. We cease the capitalization of costs when the communities or components thereof are substantially complete and ready for their intended use, which is typically when construction has been completed and homes or leased spaces are available for occupancy. We charge costs including ordinary repairs, maintenance, and resident turnover costs to property operating expense, as incurred.

For the each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we capitalized to buildings and improvements $21.3 million, $1.0 million, and $0.2 million of interest costs, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we capitalized to buildings and improvements $20.9 million, $2.7 million, and $4.1 million of indirect costs, respectively.

Gain or Loss on Dispositions

Gain or loss on dispositions are recognized when we no longer hold a controlling financial interest in the real estate and sufficient consideration has been received. Upon disposition, the related assets and liabilities are derecognized, and the gain or loss on disposition is recognized as the difference between the carrying amount of those assets and liabilities and the value of consideration received. There were no dispositions in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

Impairment

Real estate and other long-lived assets to be held and used are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, unless the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, we assess its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to our estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows, excluding interest charges, of the community. If the carrying amount exceeds the aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the community.

In connection with the Separation, we entered into a sublease of office space within our corporate offices to AIR at then-current market rents. Based on an analysis of the estimated undiscounted cash flows relative to the sublease arrangement, we evaluated the recoverability of the assets associated with the subleased space, including, the right-of-use asset, tenant improvements and furniture, fixtures and equipment and concluded the subleased assets were impaired. We recorded an impairment charge of $11.0 million in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. There were no such impairments for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2019.  

In connection with the Separation, we entered into a software license agreement with AIR to provide for the use of certain internally developed software at then-current market rates. Based on an analysis of the estimated undiscounted cash flows relative to the carrying value of the internally developed software, we concluded the assets were impaired. Additionally, following an evaluation of the future service potential of certain other internal software that was under development, we ceased development and impaired the associated carrying value. We recorded an aggregate impairment charge of $4.9 million in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. There were no such impairments for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2019.

Cash Equivalents

We classify highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. We maintain cash equivalents in financial institutions in excess of insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in these accounts in the past and believe that we are not exposed to significant credit risk because our accounts are deposited with major financial institutions.

F-19

---

 

 

Supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	2021				2020				2019
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized	$	43,800			$	22,152			$	17,748
Cash paid for income taxes		2,941				9,216				1,773
Non-cash transactions associated with the acquisition of real estate:
Non-recourse property debt assumed in connection with the acquisition        of real estate		—				—				66,779
Contributions from Aimco Predecessor		—				955				—
Contribution from noncontrolling interest in consolidated real estate        partnerships		3,159				11,667				—
Net liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition of real estate		(310	)			—				—
Deferred tax liability assumed in connection with the acquisition of real         estate		—				—				148,809
Other non-cash transactions:
Accrued capital expenditures (at end of period)		24,045				1,641				1,966
Issuance of notes payable to AIR in connection with the Separation		—				534,127				—
Contributions from Aimco Predecessor, net		—				131,447				—

 

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of tenant security deposits, capital replacement reserves, insurance reserves, and cash restricted as required by our debt agreements.

Other Assets

As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, other assets were comprised of the following amounts (in thousands):

	2021				2020
Intangible lease assets, net	$	3,269			$	7,264
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,285 and $1,467 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively		2,469				2,660
Prepaid expenses and real estate taxes		20,516				13,342
Other investments		45,386				14,793
Corporate fixed assets		9,855				12,860
Deferred tax assets		6,388				-
Deferred costs, deposits, and other		22,136				17,986
Total other assets, net	$	110,019			$	68,905

Intangibles

Intangible lease assets are included in other assets, net and intangible lease liabilities are included in accrued liabilities and other on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table details intangible lease assets and liabilities, net of accumulated amortization, for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 (in thousands).

		2021				2020
In-place leases and leasing costs		$	15,686			$	17,203
Above-market leases			1,058				146
Less: accumulated amortization			(13,475	)			(10,085	)
Intangible lease assets, net		$	3,269			$	7,264
Below-market leases		$	4,175			$	4,886
Less: accumulated amortization			(3,093	)			(2,366	)
Intangible lease liabilities, net		$	1,082			$	2,520

F-20

---

 

 

 

Based on the balance of intangible lease assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2021 the net aggregate amortization for the next five years and thereafter is expected to be as follows (in thousands).

		In-place leases and leasing costs				Below-market leases
2022		$	2,504			$	878
2023			624				174
2024			141				30
2025			—				—
2026			—				—
Thereafter			—				—
Total future amortization		$	3,269			$	1,082

Accounts Receivable, net and Straight-line rent

We present our accounts receivable and straight-line rent receivable net of allowances for amounts that may not be collected. The allowance is determined based on an assessment on whether substantially all of the amounts due from the resident or tenant is probable of collection. This includes a specific tenant analysis and aging analysis.

Deferred Leasing Costs

In accordance with the adoption of Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 842, we defer leasing costs incremental to a lease that we would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained. Amortization of these costs over the lease term on the same basis as lease income, is included in depreciation and amortization.

Revenue from Leases

We are a lessor for residential and commercial leases. Our operating leases with residents may provide that the resident reimburse us for certain costs, primarily the resident’s share of utilities expenses, incurred by the apartment community. Our operating leases with commercial tenants may provide that the tenant reimburse us for common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and other recoverable costs incurred by the commercial property.

In 2019, with the adoption of ASC 842, we concluded that residential and commercial reimbursements represent revenue attributable to non-lease components for which the timing and pattern of recognition is the same as the revenue for the lease components. Reimbursements and the related expenses are presented on a gross basis in our consolidated statements of operations, with the reimbursements included in rental and other property revenues in our consolidated statements of operations in the period the recoverable costs are incurred. We recognize rental revenue attributed to lease components, net of any concessions, on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Debt Issuance Costs

We defer, as debt issuance costs, lender fees and other direct costs incurred in obtaining new financing and amortize the amounts over the terms of the related loan agreements. In connection with the modification of existing financing arrangements, we defer lender fees and amortize these costs and any unamortized debt issuance costs over the term of the modified loan agreement. Debt issuance costs associated with non-recourse property debt are presented as a direct deduction from the related liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. For debt issuance costs associated with our revolving credit facilities and construction loans that have not been drawn we record the costs in other assets, net in our consolidated balance sheets and amortize the costs to interest expense, on a straight-line basis over the term of the arrangement. Debt issuance costs associated with construction loans are reclassified as a direct deduction to the construction loan liability in proportion to any draws on the loans in our consolidated balance sheets and subsequently amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the arrangement in our consolidated statements of operations.

When financing arrangements are repaid or otherwise extinguished prior to maturity, unamortized debt issuance costs are written off. Any lender fees or other costs incurred in connection with an extinguishment are recognized as expense. Amortization and write-off of debt issuance costs and other extinguishment costs are included in interest expense in our consolidated statements of operations.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation for all tangible assets is calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Acquired buildings and improvements are depreciated over a useful life based on the age, condition, and other physical characteristics of the asset. Furniture, fixtures, and equipment are generally depreciated over five years.

We depreciate capitalized costs using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the related improvement, which is generally 5, 15, or 30 years. We also capitalize payroll and other indirect costs incurred in connection with preparing an asset for its intended use. These costs include corporate-level costs that clearly relate to the capital addition activities, which we allocate to the applicable assets. All capitalized

F-21

---

 

 

payroll costs and indirect costs are allocated to capital additions proportionately based on direct costs and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of such capital additions.

Purchased equipment is recognized at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which is generally five years. Leasehold improvements are also recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the asset’s estimated useful life or the term of the related lease.

Certain homogeneous items that are purchased in bulk on a recurring basis, such as appliances, are depreciated using group methods that reflect the average estimated useful life of the items in each group. Except in the case of casualties, where the net book value of the lost asset is written off in the determination of casualty gains or losses, we generally do not recognize any loss in connection with the replacement of an existing community component because normal replacements are considered in determining the estimated useful lives used in connection with our composite and group depreciation methods.

Income Taxes

Aimco has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1994, and it intends to continue to operate in such a manner. Aimco’s current and continuing qualification as a REIT depends on its ability to meet the various requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code, which are related to organizational structure, distribution levels, diversity of stock ownership and certain restrictions with regard to owned assets and categories of income. If Aimco qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it will generally not be subject to United States federal corporate income tax on our taxable income that is currently distributed to stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation” (at the corporate and stockholder levels) that generally results from an investment in a corporation.

Even if Aimco qualifies as a REIT, it may be subject to United States federal income and excise taxes in various situations, such as on undistributed income. Aimco also will be required to pay a 100% tax on any net income on non-arm’s length transactions between it and a TRS (described below) and on any net income from sales of apartment communities that were held for sale in the ordinary course. The state and local tax laws may not conform to the United States federal income tax treatment, and Aimco may be subject to state or local taxation in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business. Any taxes imposed on us reduce our operating cash flow and net income.

Certain of Aimco’s operations or a portion thereof, including property management and risk management, are conducted through taxable REIT subsidiaries, which are our subsidiaries of Aimco Operating Partnership, and each of which we refer to as a TRS. A TRS is a corporate subsidiary that has elected to be a TRS instead of a REIT and, as such, is subject to United States federal corporate income tax. We use TRS entities to facilitate our ability to offer certain services and activities to our residents and investment partners that cannot be offered directly by a REIT. We also use TRS entities to hold investments in certain apartment communities.

For our TRS entities, deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for United States federal income tax purposes and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. We reduce deferred tax assets by recording a valuation allowance when we determine it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. We assess the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets through a review of the reversals of temporary differences, available tax planning strategies, future taxable income, and considering all available positive and negative evidence. We recognize the tax consequences associated with intercompany transfers between Aimco Operating Partnership and TRS entities when such transactions occur. Please refer to Note 8 for further information about our income taxes.

Earnings per Share and per Unit

We and Aimco Operating Partnership calculate earnings per share and unit based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock or common OP Units, participating securities, common stock or common unit equivalents and dilutive convertible securities outstanding during the period. Aimco Operating Partnership considers both common OP Units and equivalents, which have identical rights to distributions and undistributed earnings, to be common units for purposes of the earnings per unit computations. Please refer to Note 11 for further information regarding earnings per share and unit computations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

F-22

---

 

 

 

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year

On January 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2020-01, Investment – Equity Securities, (Topic 321), Investments – Equity Method and Joint Venture (Topic 323) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), which updated and addressed accounting for the transition into and out of the equity method and provided clarification of the interaction of rules for equity securities, the equity method of accounting, and forward contracts and purchase options on certain types of securities, which was effective for us on January 1, 2021. Adoption of the standards update required changes to be made prospectively and early adoption was permitted. The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2021, did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements

On August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which simplified the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity and affects the diluted earnings per share calculation for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares, which was effective for us on January 1, 2021. Adoption of the standards update required changes to be made retrospectively and early adoption was permitted. The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2021, did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the LIBOR or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance was effective beginning March 12, 2020 and can be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope” (“ASU 2021-01”), which clarified the scope and application of the original guidance. We plan to adopt ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 when LIBOR is discontinued. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance, but do not expect it to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements due to the fact that we hold one month LIBOR debt instruments which are not expected to be discontinued in 2022.

 

In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-05 establishing Topic 842, Lessors - Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments. ASU 2021-05 improves ASC 842 classification guidance as it relates to a lessor's accounting for certain leases with variable lease payments. This guidance requires a lessor to classify a lease with variable payments that do not depend on an index or rate as an operating lease if either a sales-type lease or direct financing lease classification would trigger a day-one loss. This guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2021-05 on our consolidated financial statements.

 

Note 3 — Significant Transactions

Acquisitions

During the third quarter of 2021, we acquired from AIR the Eldridge Townhomes for $40.0 million based on an independent opinion of its value. The Eldridge Townhomes are a 58-unit townhome community located on 3.6 acres of land contiguous to our Elm Creek community in Elmhurst, Illinois, a western suburb of Chicago. To fund the acquisition of Eldridge Townhomes, we used proceeds from debt placement on the unencumbered Evanston Place asset in Evanston, Illinois. The allocation of consideration paid for this asset acquisition is included in the table below.

 

Number of townhomes		58
Purchase price	$	40,000
Consideration allocated to land	$	3,483
Consideration allocated to building and improvements		35,630
Consideration allocated to intangible assets (1)		913
Consideration allocated to below-market lease liabilities (2)		(26	)
Total consideration	$	40,000

 

(1)

Intangible assets include in-place leases and leasing costs with a weighted-average term of six months.

(2)

Below-market leases have a weighted-average term of six months.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we also acquired eight land parcels adjacent to The Hamilton apartment community, located in Miami’s Edgewater neighborhood, for $19.3 million and we began major redevelopment of the existing apartment building at The Hamilton. The scope of our investment will completely renew the waterfront high-rise, which benefits from spacious apartment homes (averaging 1,411 square feet) and an abundance of outdoor and amenity space that was previously underutilized.

F-23

---

 

 

In February 2021, we acquired from AIR The Benson Hotel and Faculty Club development property for $6.2 million, net of outstanding construction liabilities of $0.9 million. The development property consists of land and initial construction costs. The project is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we also purchased seven acres of developable land in Colorado Springs, Colorado for $4.1 million that allows for the construction of up to 119 apartments and townhomes.

Upton Place JV

On December 4, 2020, we entered into a joint venture to acquire a 90% interest in a partnership (the “Upton Place JV”) with a third-party developer (“Developer”). The Upton Place JV was formed to construct Upton Place, a mixed-use development project which will create 689 apartment homes and approximately 100,000 square feet of commercial space in upper-northwest Washington, D.C. In conjunction with Upton Place JV, we entered into two 99-year ground leases with a third party for the land underlying the property.

Our commitment to fund equity at the inception of the joint venture totaled $105.0 million, of which $20.0 million was contributed by an AIR affiliate before the Separation.  AIR earns annual payments of $1.15 million on their equity.  AIR’s equity interest in the joint venture is presented as noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships in the consolidated balance sheets. Also, during the year ended December 31, 2021, we entered into a preferred equity agreement with an institutional partner to fund $52.2 million in return for an accruing 9.7% rate of return.  The institutional partner’s equity interest in the joint venture is presented as redeemable noncontrolling interest in consolidated real estate in the consolidated balance sheets.   Of the $85.0 million commitment remaining at the Separation, $39.2 million and $5.2 million had been funded as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.  

Contemporaneous with the formation of the joint venture, the Developer provided a guaranty of cost overruns which requires the Developer to fund all costs and expenses in excess of certain guaranteed cost amounts. The Developer has also guaranteed the project’s construction, delivery and will be responsible for managing the lease up and management of the retail units. We will be responsible for the lease-up and management of the residential units.

The Developer has a 10% interest in the Upton Place JV as well as rights to receive a promote distribution contingent on certain internal rates of return. Upon final completion of the project and following 360 days after stabilization (“Stabilization”, defined as at least 95% of apartment units and 90% of retail space being leased with tenants having taken possession), the Developer has the option to require the Upton Place JV to redeem its promote based on the then fair value of the project.

We evaluated the joint venture, concluded that we are the primary beneficiary and therefore consolidate the Upton Place JV. The Developer’s equity interest in the joint venture is presented as noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships in the consolidated balance sheets. The Developer’s contingent option relative to its promote distribution is a liability. As of both December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Developer’s noncontrolling interest and promote distribution liability was $11.7 million.

Acquisition of The Hamilton

On August 25, 2020, we acquired The Hamilton, an apartment community and an adjacent land parcel located in Miami, Florida.

Summarized information regarding these acquisitions is set forth in the table below (in thousands):

 

Purchase price		$	115,394
Capitalized transaction costs			5,136
Total consideration			120,530
Consideration allocated to land		$	56,649
Consideration allocated to building and improvements			56,171
Right-of-use lease assets			92,787
Due from affiliate			705
Lease liabilities			(86,348	)
Consideration allocated to intangible assets (1)			1,517
Consideration allocated to below-market lease liabilities (2)			(951	)
Total consideration		$	120,530

 

(1)  Intangible assets include in-place leases and leasing costs with a weighted-average term of six months.

(2)  Below-market leases have a weighted-average term of seven months.

F-24

---

 

 

 

Life Science Developer Investment

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had a $35.8 million and a $12.5 million investment in, respectively, and as of December 31, 2021, a $14.2 million commitment to IQHQ, a privately-held life-sciences real estate development company. In addition, Aimco has the right to collaborate with IQHQ on any multifamily component at its future development sites. Subsequent to year end, we funded our remaining commitment.

Other Significant Transactions

Non-recourse Property Debt

We also closed on two non-recourse loans for $60.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. The loans have 10-year terms, and a weighted average fixed interest rate of 3.09%. Proceeds from the loans were used to fund the acquisition of Eldridge Townhomes for $40.0 million and other investment activities.

Fort Lauderdale Consolidated Joint Venture

 

In July 2021, Aimco entered into a joint venture with Kushner Companies to purchase three undeveloped land parcels located in downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida, at a total contract price for the land of $49.0 million ($25.0 million at Aimco’s 51% share). Current zoning allows for the development of approximately three million square feet of multifamily homes and commercial space. The land purchase, which closed in January 2022, was funded primarily by a $40.0 million loan ($20.4 million at Aimco’s 51% share) that also closed in January 2022.

Note 4 — Leases

 

Revenue from Leases

The majority of lease payments we receive from our residents and tenants are fixed. We receive variable payments from our residents and commercial tenants primarily for utility reimbursements and other services.

Our total lease income was comprised of the following amounts for all operating leases (in thousands):

			2021				2020				2019
Fixed lease income		$	157,842			$	140,140			$	133,180
Variable lease income			11,487				11,192				9,929
Total lease income		$	169,329			$	151,332			$	143,109

In general, our commercial leases have options to extend for a certain period of time at the tenant’s option. Future minimum annual rental payments we will receive under commercial leases, excluding such extension options, are as follows as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	2022			$	11,469
	2023				8,183
	2024				5,577
	2025				3,308
	2026				1,867
Thereafter					1,908
Total				$	32,312

Generally, our residential leases do not provide extension options so the average remaining term is less than one year. Our commercial leases, as of December 31, 2021, have an average remaining term of 4.2 years.

F-25

---

 

 

 

Lessee Arrangements

We, as lessee, and AIR, as lessor, have entered into finance leases on five properties currently under construction or in lease-up. Four leases commenced January 1, 2021, two of which have rent escalations that start at the point the property reaches stabilization. Three of the leases have a term of 25 years, and one has a term of 10 years. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we, as lessee, and AIR, as lessor, entered into a finance lease for a 15-acre plot of land in the San Francisco Bay Area on which we began construction of 16 single family rental homes and 8 accessory dwelling units in June 2021. The lease commenced on June 1, 2021, and has a term of 25 years.

We have provided AIR with residual value guarantees aggregating to $250.8 million, which provide that if the residual value of the leased assets is less than the specified residual value guarantees at the earlier of lease expiration or termination, we are required to pay the difference. See Note 5 for further details.

As of December 31, 2021, operating and financing right-of-use assets of $5.1 million and $429.8 million, respectively, are included in other assets and right-of-use lease assets, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2021, amortization related to our finance leases was $8.3 million, net of amounts capitalized. For the year ended December 31, 2021, interest expense related to our finance leases was $9.2 million, net of amount capitalized.

As of December 31, 2020, operating and financing right-of-use assets of $5.6 million and $92.7 million, respectively, are included in other assets and right-of-use lease assets, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2020, finance leases related to development projects resulted in no amortization or interest expense, net of amounts capitalized.

As of December 31, 2021, Aimco’s operating leases and finance leases have weighted-average remaining terms of 7.4 years, and 38.5 years, respectively, and weighted-average discount rates of 3.1% and 5.4%, respectively.

When the rate implicit in the lease cannot be determined, we estimate the value of our lease liabilities using discount rates equivalent to the rates we would pay on a secured borrowing with terms similar to the leases. We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components and have elected to not separate these components for all classes of underlying assets. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Leases with initial terms greater than 12 months are recorded as operating or financing leases on the consolidated balance sheets.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we entered into two 99-year ground leases for the land underlying the development site at Upton Place, a mixed-use development project which will create 689 apartment homes and approximately 100,000 square feet of commercial space in upper-northwest Washington, D.C, initially recording right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities of $92.8 million and $86.3 million, respectively. We also have a lease for our corporate office. Substantially, all of the payments under our ground and office leases are fixed. We exclude options to extend the leases in our minimum lease terms unless the options are reasonably certain to be exercised. We sublease office space within our corporate office to AIR which is reflected in sublease income below. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized $1.4 million of sublease income from AIR.

As of December 31, 2021, Aimco’s ground and office leases have weighted-average remaining terms of 98 years and 7.4 years, respectively, and weighted-average discount rates of 6.0% and 3.1%, respectively. Combined minimum annual lease payments under operating and financing leases, reconciled to the lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, are as follows (in thousands):

 

	Sublease Income				Operating Lease Future Minimum Rent				Financing Leases Future Minimum Payments
2022	$	1,393			$	1,891			$	27,197
2023		1,403				1,922				27,597
2024		1,413				1,935				28,597
2025		1,423				1,930				29,208
2026		1,433				1,960				30,300
Thereafter		3,526				4,624				1,613,950
Total	$	10,591			$	14,262			$	1,756,849
Less: Discount						(1,599	)			(1,321,756	)
Total lease liabilities					$	12,663			$	435,093

 

For the year ended December 31, 2021, we capitalized $22.7 million of lease costs associated with active development and redevelopment projects on certain of the underlying property and ground lease assets. No lease costs were capitalized on leased assets for the year ended December 31, 2020.

F-26

---

 

 

Note 5 — Transactions with AIR

In conjunction with the Separation, we entered into various separation and transition services agreements with AIR that provide for a framework of our relationship with AIR after the Separation, including: (i) a separation agreement setting forth the mechanics of the Separation, the key provisions relating to the separation of our assets and liabilities from those of AIR, and certain organizational matters and conditions; (ii) an employee matters agreement to allocate liabilities and responsibilities relating to employment matters, employee compensation, benefits plans and programs, and other related matters (the “Employee Matters Agreement”); (iii) agreements pursuant to which AIR will provide property management and related services to us (collectively, the “Property Management Agreements”); (iv) an agreement pursuant to which AIR will provide us with customary administrative and support services on an ongoing basis (the “Master Services Agreement”); and (v) a master leasing agreement where we may enter into leases with AIR with the option to develop, redevelop, or lease-up the subject leased properties, and under which we will have certain lease termination rights (the “Master Leasing Agreement”).

Master Services Agreement

We and AIR entered into a Master Services Agreement, in which AIR will provide us with customary administrative and support services. We are obligated to pay AIR the fully burdened costs in performing the services. We may terminate any or all services on 60 days’ prior written notice, and AIR may terminate individual services, at any time after December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we incurred administrative and support fees of $2.4 million, which are included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. We did not incur any fees during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Property Management Agreements

We entered into several Property Management Agreements with AIR, pursuant to which AIR will provide us with certain property management, property accounting and related services for the majority of our operating properties, and we will pay AIR a property management fee equal to 3% of each respective property’s revenue collected and such other fees as may be mutually agreed for various other services. The initial term of each Property Management Agreement is one-year, with automatic one-year renewal periods, unless either party elects to terminate at any time upon delivery of 60 days’ prior written notice to the other party before the end of the term. Neither party is obligated to pay to the other party a termination fee or other penalty upon such termination.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded property management and property accounting fees of $5.2 million, which we included in property operating expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. From Separation to December 31, 2020, we recorded property management and property accounting fees of $0.2 million.

Master Leasing Agreement

The Master Leasing Agreement governs the current and any future leasing arrangements between us, as lessee and AIR, as lessor. The initial term of the Master Leasing Agreement is 18 months (expiring on or about June 14, 2022), with automatic annual extensions (subject to each party’s right to terminate upon notice prior to the end of any such extension term). The Master Leasing Agreement provides that each time the parties thereto wish to execute a lease for a particular property, such parties will cause their applicable affiliates to execute a stand-alone lease. The initial annual rent for any leased property is based on the then-current fair market value of the subject property and market NOI cap rates, subject to certain adjustments, and is further subject to periodic escalation as set forth in the applicable lease, and the other terms thereof, including the initial term and extensions. We have the right to terminate any such lease prior to the end of its term once the leased property is stabilized. In connection with such an early termination, AIR will generally have an option (and not an obligation) to pay us an amount equal to the difference between the property’s fair value at stabilization and the initial value of the leasehold interest, at a five percent discount thereto; if AIR does not exercise such option, we will have the right to cause such property to be sold to a third party, with AIR guaranteed to receive an amount equal to the difference between the property’s fair market value at stabilization and the initial value of the leasehold interest and we will retain any excess proceeds. In the event of such sale of the property, we may also elect to purchase the property at a purchase price equal to the fair market value as agreed upon at the time of lease inception (and may subsequently sell the property to a third party, subject to AIR’s right of first refusal during the first year following our acquisition). If AIR elects not to pay the fee for the development or redevelopment-related improvements, and we decline to purchase the property or cause its sale to a third party, we may elect to rescind our termination of the applicable lease and instead continue such lease in effect in accordance with its terms.

Notes Payable to AIR

On December 14, 2020, we entered into $534.1 million of Notes Payable to AIR that are secured by a pledge of the equity interest in the entity that holds a portfolio of assets, however, certain of the assets secure existing senior loans of $242.6 million as of December 31, 2021. The notes mature on January 31, 2024 and bear interest at 5.2%, with accrued interest payable quarterly on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1, commencing on April 1, 2021. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized interest expense of $27.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively, associated with the Notes Payable to AIR. We made interest payments of $22.1 million which are included in interest payments on Notes Payable to AIR in operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021. Please refer to Note 7 for further details.

F-27

---

 

 

Expense Allocation

In preparing our consolidated financial statements for the periods prior to the Separation, certain expenses, including property operating expenses, depreciation and amortization, and general and administrative expenses, incurred at the corporate level that are attributable to us have been allocated on a carve-out basis. Expenses allocated for the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019 were $9.8 million and $9.5 million, respectively. Depending on the nature of the expense, the allocation was based on Aimco’s relative share of total gross potential revenue, and the relative gross asset value of our communities as compared to the total gross potential revenue and gross asset value of all communities held by Aimco Predecessor, which we believe to be reasonable methodologies. These allocated expenses are centralized corporate costs for management and other services, including, but not limited to, executive oversight, treasury, finance, human resources, tax, accounting, financial reporting, information technology, and investor relations.

Due to and from AIR

As of December 31, 2021, we have amounts due to and from AIR of $15.7 million and $4.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we had amounts due to and from AIR of $5.9 million and $3.6 million, respectively. The amounts due to AIR primarily consist of invoices paid on our behalf and accrued interest on the Notes Payable to AIR. The amounts due from AIR primarily consist of net cash flows generated by our operating properties.

Terry Considine Service Agreement/AIR Reimbursement

In conjunction with the Separation, we entered into an arrangement with AIR with respect to the services of Terry Considine, an Aimco Board member and our former Chief Executive Officer, for services to be rendered by Mr. Considine separate from his services as a Board member, including, but not limited to: (i) short and long-term strategic direction and advice; (ii) transition and executive support to officers; and (iii) advice and consultation with respect to strategic growth and acquisition activities. We are obligated for all base salary, short-term incentive amounts and long-term incentive amounts payable to Mr. Considine for the calendar year 2021 under the terms of his employment agreement with AIR that are in excess of $1 million, collectively.

During the third quarter of 2021, our Independent Directors set Mr. Considine’s target total compensation for 2021 for the services described above (including base compensation, short-term incentive, and long-term incentive) at $1.8 million, to be paid out in cash and equity. In addition, we estimate the total 2021 reimbursement to AIR, pursuant to the arrangement described above, to be $4.6 million for a combined total of $6.4 million. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded $6.2 million of expense in the aggregate pursuant to these arrangements, which is included in general and administrative expense in our consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2021, $4.6 million is included in the amount due to AIR.

Sublease with AIR

In December 2020, we entered into a sublease arrangement with AIR to provide space within our corporate office, including tenant improvements and furniture, fixtures and equipment, at then-current market rents. The sublease provides for fixed rents, which commenced on January 1, 2021 and expire on May 31, 2029. Please refer to Note 4 for further information about our sublease income.

Guarantee Liability

 

Pursuant to the terms of the Separation Agreement, legal liabilities that relate to occurrences prior to the Separation, including environmental liabilities related to properties that were no longer owned by Aimco or AIR at the time of the Separation are borne by Aimco Operating Partnership up to the first $17.5 million of such liabilities, in the aggregate, and borne by AIR Operating Partnership for any such liabilities in excess of $17.5 million.

 

On the date of Separation, we recognized a liability of $16.4 million, which represented the present value of the expected future cash flows required to settle the legal liabilities using an estimated market discount rate of 4.25%. The guarantee liability was systematically reduced as costs related to the legal liabilities were incurred.

 

On December 30, 2021, we executed an agreement with AIR to fulfill the obligation whereby we transferred funds to AIR in an amount equal the $17.5 million guarantee liability less amounts paid through December 30, 2021, for occurrences prior to the Separation. As a result of the final funding of the guarantee liability in connection with this agreement, we recorded $1.1 million of expense related to the unamortized discount, which is included in other income (expenses), net in our consolidated statements of operations.

Acquisitions from AIR

In February 2021, we acquired from AIR the Benson Hotel and Faculty Club. In August 2021, we acquired from AIR the Eldridge Townhomes. Refer to Note 3 for further details regarding these acquisitions.

F-28

---

 

 

Note 6 — Variable Interest Entities

We evaluate our investments in limited partnerships and similar entities in accordance with the consolidation guidance to determine whether each such entity is a VIE. The accounting standards related to the consolidation of VIEs require qualitative assessments to determine whether we are the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is based on power and economics. We conclude that we are the primary beneficiary and consolidate the VIE if we have both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly influence the VIE's economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Significant judgments and assumptions related to the determinations include, but not limited to, estimates about the current and future fair values and performance of real estate held by these VIEs and general market conditions.

Aimco consolidates Aimco Operating Partnership, a VIE of which Aimco is the primary beneficiary. Aimco, through Aimco Operating Partnership, consolidates all VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary. Substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Aimco are that of Aimco Operating Partnership.

The VIEs that Aimco Operating Partnership consolidates own interests in real estate or commitments to acquire real estate. We are the primary beneficiary for the VIEs because we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance and have a substantial economic interest. We have six unconsolidated VIEs for which we are not the primary beneficiary because we are not the decision maker. The six unconsolidated VIEs include four unconsolidated real estate partnerships that hold four apartment communities in San Diego, California, and the Mezzanine Investment.

The details of our consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs, excluding those of Aimco Operating Partnership, are summarized in the table below as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands, except for VIE count).

		December 31, 2021								December 31, 2020
		Consolidated				Unconsolidated				Consolidated				Unconsolidated
Count of VIEs		9				6				2				6
Assets:
Real estate, net		$	564,909			$	—			$	310,552			$	—
Mezzanine investment			—				337,797				—				307,362
Right-of-use lease assets			429,768				—				92,709				—
Unconsolidated real estate partnerships			—				13,005				—				12,829
Other assets			43,715				35,773				16,949				12,500
Liabilities:
Deferred tax liabilities			124,747				—				7,106				—
Accrued liabilities and other			30,519				—				—				—
Construction loans, net			163,570				—				—				—
Lease liabilities			435,093				—				86,781				—

As of December 31, 2021, two of our consolidated VIEs closed construction loans. In conjunction with these loans, we made customary guarantees. In certain situations, the lenders may have recourse to our general credit. As of December 31, 2021, we estimate the maximum exposure equals the $168.4 million outstanding loan balances. Other consolidated VIEs’ creditors do not have recourse to our general credit.

Unconsolidated Real Estate Partnerships

We own an interest in four apartment communities in San Diego, California, of which we are not the primary beneficiary. Our investment balance of $13.0 million and $12.8 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, represents our maximum exposure to loss in these VIEs.

Mezzanine Investment

As discussed in Note 2, AIR owns an interest in a partnership that owns Parkmerced Apartments, of which it is not the primary beneficiary, and under the terms of the Separation Agreement, AIR is obligated to transfer ownership of the subsidiaries that hold this interest to us upon receipt of applicable third-party consent. Our investment balance of $337.8 million and $307.4 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, represents our indirect interest in notes receivable through our agreement with AIR and our maximum exposure to loss in this VIE.

F-29

---

 

 

Note 7 —Debt

Revolving Credit Facility

On December 16, 2020, we entered into a credit agreement with PNC Bank. The credit agreement provides for a new $150.0 million secured credit facility, a $20.0 million swingline loan sub-facility and a $30.0 million letter of credit sub-facility. We can request incremental commitments under the credit agreement up to an aggregate principal amount of $300.0 million. The credit facility expires on December 2023, but can be extended, at our option, by up to two twelve-month periods, subject to the satisfaction of certain events and covenant metrics. The revolving loans (other than the swingline) will bear interest, at our option, at a per annum rate equal to (a) LIBOR plus a margin of 2.00% or (b) a base rate plus a margin of 1.00%. Swingline loans made under the Revolving Credit Facility will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the base rate plus a margin of 1.00%. The base rate is defined as a fluctuating per annum rate of interest equal to the highest of (x) the overnight bank funding rate as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, plus 0.5%, (y) PNC Bank, National Association’s prime rate and (z) the daily LIBOR Rate plus 1.00%. If the LIBOR Rate determined under any referenced method would be less than 0.25%, such rate shall be deemed 0.25%. Aimco may terminate or, from time to time, reduce the aggregate amount of commitments.

   As of December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding balance related to the credit facility, the swingline sub-facility or the letter of credit Sub-facility. Total debt issuance costs of approximately $1.9 million were deferred and are presented net of amortization recognized over the term of the facility within other assets, net in our consolidated balance sheets. Under our revolving secured credit facility, we are required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25x, minimum adjusted tangible net worth of $625.0 million, and maximum leverage of 60% as defined in the credit agreement, among other customary covenants. We are currently in compliance with these covenants.

Notes Payable to AIR

On December 14, 2020, our subsidiary, Aimco JO Intermediate Holdings LLC (“Aimco JO”) entered into two notes aggregating to $534.1 million in exchange for an equity interest in James-Oxford Limited Partnership (“James Oxford”) a consolidated subsidiary of Aimco that indirectly owns a portfolio of consolidated real estate assets. The notes are secured by a pledge of the equity interests in James Oxford, however, certain of James Oxford’s assets secure existing senior loans of $242.6 million as of December 31, 2021. The notes mature on January 31, 2024 and bear interest at 5.2%, with accrued interest payable quarterly on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1, commencing on April 1, 2021. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized interest expense of $27.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively, associated with the Notes Payable to AIR, which is included in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations and $6.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, in due to affiliates on the consolidated balance sheets.

Upon a disposition, consolidation, or similar event or transaction, Aimco JO is obligated to prepay the Notes in an amount equal to the net cash proceeds received in connection with such transaction or casualty event. Any such prepayment shall be accompanied by accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole amount representing all remaining unpaid interest over the term of the Notes. However, if after giving effect to such transaction or casualty event, the fair market value of all real estate assets owned by James Oxford and its subsidiaries, less senior secured indebtedness (e.g., nonrecourse property debt), exceeds the then-outstanding principal balance of the Notes, we have the option to reinvest the net cash proceeds within 180 days of such transaction or casualty event by acquiring, leasing, constructing, or improving real property useful in the business of Aimco JO or its subsidiaries that we believe in good faith will enhance or create value. We are not otherwise permitted to prepay the Notes prior to the maturity date.

The Notes Payable to AIR are senior secured obligations of Aimco JO and rank senior to all other senior obligations of Aimco JO to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral and rank pari passu with all other senior unsubordinated obligations of Aimco JO to the extent the amount of such obligations exceed the value of the underlying collateral. The Notes are not guaranteed and as a result, recourse is limited to Aimco JO, its assets and the underlying collateral pledged to secure Aimco JO’s obligations under the Notes. The Notes also contain customary representations, warranties, non-financial covenants and events of default.  

Construction Loans

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a $150.0 million variable-rate non-recourse construction loan collateralized by our leasehold interest and AIR’s fee ownership interest in Flamingo North Tower. The initial term of the loan is three years and bears interest at one month LIBOR plus 360 basis points subject to a minimum all-in per annum interest rate of 3.85%. As of December 31, 2021, we had $130.3 million of principal outstanding. Certain consolidated subsidiaries have indemnified AIR for any losses it incurs as a result of a default on the loan by Aimco.

Also, during the year ended December 31, 2021, we entered into a $100.7 million variable-rate non-recourse construction loan collateralized by our fee ownership interest in The Hamilton. The initial term of the loan is three years and bears interest at one month LIBOR plus 320 basis points subject to a minimum all-in per annum interest rate of 3.45%. As of December 31, 2021, we had $38.1 million of principal outstanding.

If LIBOR ceases to exist during the term of these agreements, the documents associated with these agreements contain language to address a transition to another benchmark rate. It is anticipated LIBOR will be replaced with SOFR, however, if SOFR were to not be available the agreements contain alternate provisions.

F-30

---

 

 

Upton Construction Loan

On December 23, 2020, our Upton Place joint venture entered into a construction loan with Bank OZK for up to $174.2 million, which was undrawn at December 31, 2021. The construction loan is secured by the 99-year leasehold interest in the development site and by improvements to be constructed on the development site. Interest will accrue on the construction loan only when the funds are drawn upon. Funds drawn upon will bear interest at a rate equal to one month LIBOR plus 450 basis points subject to a minimum all-in per annum interest rate of 4.75%. The initial term of the construction loan is fifty-four months, beginning December 23, 2020. The Upton Place joint venture has the option to extend the term for two additional periods of one year each, subject to the satisfaction of certain events and covenant metrics.

Total debt issuance costs of approximately $7.5 million have been deferred and are presented within other assets, net in our consolidated balance sheets.

Non-Recourse Property Debt

We finance apartment communities in our portfolio primarily using property-level, non-recourse, long-dated, fixed-rate, amortizing debt. The following table summarizes non-recourse property debt as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

 

											Outstanding Balance as of December 31,
	Latest Maturity Date		Interest Rate Range				Weighted-Average Interest Rate				2021				2020
Fixed-rate property debt	November 22, 2032		1.00% to 4.20%				3.32%				$	429,883			$	394,510
Variable-rate property debt	December 31,2023		1.28%				1.28%					55,000				55,000
Total non-recourse property debt											$	484,883			$	449,510
Assumed debt fair value adjustment,    net of accumulated amortization												1,536				1,850
Debt issuance costs, net of    accumulated amortization												(3,282	)			(3,393	)
Non-recourse property debt, net											$	483,137			$	447,967

 

Principal and interest on our non-recourse property debt are generally payable monthly. As of December 31, 2021, our property debt was secured by 11 apartment communities. These debt instruments contain no financial covenants.

As of December 31, 2021, the scheduled principal amortization and maturity payments for the non-recourse property debt were as follows (in thousands):

 

	Amortization				Maturities				Total
2022	$	8,832			$	—			$	8,832
2023		9,143				55,000				64,143
2024		7,098				81,940				89,038
2025		7,360				—				7,360
2026		6,153				73,983				80,136
Thereafter		11,191				224,183				235,374
Total	$	49,777			$	435,106			$	484,883

 

F-31

---

 

 

 

Note 8 — Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of our taxable entities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax liabilities and assets are as follows (in thousands):

 

		December 31,
		2021				2020
Deferred tax liabilities:
Real estate and real estate partnership basis differences		$	124,733			$	132,599
Interest Income			—				—
Lease Liability			79,827				—
Other			1,807				—
Deferred tax assets:							—
Real Estate & Real Estate Partnership Basis Difference			145				—
Lease Right of Use			80,497				—
Management contracts and other			2,764				999
Net operating, capital, and other loss carryforwards			5,598				40
Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets			(1,342	)			—
Net deferred tax liability		$	118,705			$	131,560

Our policy is to include any interest and penalties related to income taxes within income tax benefit (expense) in our consolidated statements of operations.

Significant components of the income tax benefit (expense) are as follows and are classified within income tax benefit in our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 (in thousands):

		2021				2020				2019
Current:
Federal		$	905			$	857			$	1,313
State			(250	)			660				536
Total current			655				1,517				1,849
Deferred:
Federal			(7,400	)			(10,470	)			(4,658	)
State			(6,825	)			(1,196	)			(492	)
Total deferred			(14,225	)			(11,666	)			(5,150	)
Total income tax benefit		$	(13,570	)		$	(10,149	)		$	(3,301	)

Consolidated GAAP income or loss subject to tax consists of pretax income or loss of our taxable entities and income and gains retained by the REIT. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we had consolidated net loss subject to tax of $31.4 million, $25.5 million, and $7.5 million, respectively.

The reconciliation of income tax attributable to operations computed at the United States statutory rate to income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2021 2020, and 2019 is shown below (in thousands):

		2021								2020								2019
		Amount				Percent				Amount				Percent				Amount				Percent
Tax (benefit) expense at United States statutory rates on consolidated income or loss subject to tax		$	(6,591	)			21.0	%		$	(5,361	)			21.0	%		$	(1,582	)			21.0	%
US branch profits tax on earnings of foreign subsidiary			(1,084	)			3.5	%			(4,195	)			16.4	%			(1,779	)			23.6	%
State income tax, net of federal (benefit) expense			(7,075	)			22.5	%			(536	)			2.1	%			34				(0.5	%)
Effects of permanent differences			197				(0.6	%)			1				0.0	%			—				0.0	%
Valuation Allowance			840				(2.7	%)			—				0.0	%			—				0.0	%
Other			143				(0.5	%)			(58	)			0.2	%			26				(0.3	%)
Total income tax benefit		$	(13,570	)			43.2	%		$	(10,149	)			39.7	%		$	(3,301	)			43.8	%

 

Income taxes paid totaled approximately $2.9 million, $9.2 million, and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

F-32

---

 

 

For income tax purposes, dividends paid to holders of common stock primarily consist of ordinary income, capital gains, qualified dividends and unrecaptured Section 1250 gains, or a combination thereof. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, tax attributes of dividends per share held for the entire year were estimated to be as follows (unaudited):

 

		2021								2020								2019
		Amount				Percent				Amount				Percent				Amount				Percent
Ordinary income		$	—				0.0	%		$	3.17				6.7	%		$	0.66				20.6	%
Capital gains			—				0.0	%			19.43				40.9	%			1.29				40.4	%
Qualified dividends			—				0.0	%			0.62				1.3	%			0.66				20.7	%
Unrecaptured § 1250 gain			—				0.0	%			8.80				18.5	%			0.58				18.3	%
Return of capital			—				0.0	%			15.48				32.6	%			—				0.0	%
Balance at December 31		$	—				0.0	%		$	47.50				100.0	%		$	3.19				100.0	%

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of our unrecognized tax benefits is presented below and is included in accrued liabilities and other in the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

Because the statute of limitations has not yet elapsed, our United States federal income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2018, and subsequent years and certain of our state income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2018, and subsequent years are currently subject to examination by the IRS or other taxing authorities. If recognized, the unrecognized benefit would affect the effective rate.

		December 31,
		2021				2020
Balance at January 1		$	7,076			$	—
Liability assumed at Separation			—				6,889
(Reductions) additions based on tax positions in prior years			(38	)			187
Balance at December 31		$	7,038			$	7,076

In accordance with the accounting requirements for stock-based compensation, we may recognize tax benefits in connection with the exercise of stock options by employees of our TRS entities and the vesting of restricted stock awards. We recognize the tax effects related to stock-based compensation through earnings in the period the compensation is recognized.

 

Note 9 — Aimco Equity

Common Stock

Our Board is authorized to issue up to 510,587,500 shares of common stock and we had 149,818,021 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2021.

Separation from AIR

On December 15, 2020, we completed the Separation which was effected by way of a pro rata distribution, in which stockholders of Aimco received one share of Class A common stock of AIR for every one share of Class A common stock of Aimco held as of the close of business on December 5, 2020. AIR Operating Partnership also completed a pro rata distribution of all of the outstanding common limited partnership units of Aimco Operating Partnership to holders of AIR Operating Partnership common limited partnership units and AIR Operating Partnership Class I High Performance partnership units as of the close of business on December 5, 2020.

Notwithstanding the legal form of the Separation, for accounting and financial reporting purposes, Aimco is presented as being spun-off from AIR. Therefore, we are the accounting spinee and AIR is considered the divesting entity and treated as the accounting spinnor, or accounting predecessor. Since the assets, liabilities and operations of Aimco prior to the Separation were spread across multiple legal entities, a separate capital structure did not exist.

F-33

---

 

 

Note 10 — Partners’ Capital

Separation from AIR

On December 15, 2020, Aimco Operating Partnership completed the Separation, which was effected, in part, through a pro rata distribution of all of the outstanding common limited partnership units of Aimco Operating Partnership to holders of AIR Operating Partnership common limited partnership units and AIR Operating Partnership Class I High Performance partnership units as of the close of business on December 5, 2020. In addition, stockholders of Aimco received one share of Class A common stock of AIR for every one share of Class A common stock of Aimco held as of the close of business on the record date and received cash in lieu of fractional shares of Class A common stock of AIR.

Aimco Operating Partnership Partners’ Capital

Common Partnership Units

In Aimco Operating Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets, the common partnership units held by Aimco are classified within Partners’ Capital as General Partner and Special Limited Partner capital and the common OP Units are classified within Limited Partners’ capital. In Aimco’s consolidated balance sheets, the common OP Units are classified within permanent equity as common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership.

Common partnership units held by Aimco are not redeemable whereas common OP Units are redeemable at the holders’ option, subject to certain restrictions, on the basis of one common OP Unit for either one share of Common Stock or cash equal to the fair value of a share of Common Stock at the time of redemption. Aimco has the option to deliver shares of Common Stock in exchange for all or any portion of the common OP Units tendered for redemption. When a limited partner redeems a common OP Unit for Common Stock, Limited Partners’ capital is reduced, and the General Partner and Special Limited Partners’ capital is increased.

The holders of the common OP Units receive distributions in an amount equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of Common Stock.

Note 11 — Earnings and Dividends per Share and per Unit

Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership calculate basic earnings per share of common stock and basic earnings per common unit based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and common partnership units outstanding. We calculate diluted earnings per share of common stock and diluted earnings per unit taking into consideration dilutive shares of common stock and common partnership unit equivalents and dilutive convertible securities outstanding during the period.

The shares of common stock and common partnership units outstanding at the Separation date are reflected as outstanding for all periods prior to the Separation for purposes of determining earnings per share and per unit. Each of our executives and AIR’s executives received one share of AIV stock and one share of AIR stock at the Separation date for unvested shares. We include AIR’s executives’ rights to receive AIV shares upon vesting in our dilutive calculations.

Our common stock and common partnership unit equivalents include options to purchase shares of common stock, which, if exercised, would result in Aimco’s issuance of additional shares of common stock and Aimco Operating Partnership’s issuance to Aimco of additional common partnership units equal to the number of shares of common stock purchased under the options. These equivalents also include unvested Performance-Based Restricted Stock awards that do not meet the definition of participating securities, which would result in an increase in the number of shares of common stock and common partnership units outstanding equal to the number of the shares that vest. Common partnership unit equivalents also include unvested long-term incentive partnership units. We include in the denominator securities with dilutive effect in calculating diluted earnings per share and per unit during these periods.

Our time-based restricted stock awards receive non-forfeitable dividends similar to shares of common stock and common partnership units prior to vesting, and our Performance-Based LTIP I units and Performance-Based LTIP II units receive non-forfeitable distributions based on specified percentages of the distributions paid to common partnership units prior to vesting and conversion. The unvested restricted shares and units related to these awards are participating securities. We include the effect of participating securities in basic and diluted earnings per share and unit computations using the two-class method of allocating distributed and undistributed earnings when the two-class method is more dilutive than the treasury stock method. Participating securities are excluded from our computation of diluted loss per share and unit for the year ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, because the effect of the inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

F-34

---

 

 

Reconciliations of the numerator and denominator in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share and per unit for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands, except per share and per unit data):

Aimco
	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Income (Numerator)				Shares (Denominator)				Per Share Amount
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share:
Net loss attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	(5,910	)			149,480			$	(0.04	)
	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Income (Numerator)				Shares (Denominator)				Per Share Amount
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share:
Net loss attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	(5,041	)			148,569			$	(0.03	)
	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	Income (Numerator)				Shares (Denominator)				Per Share Amount
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share:
Net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	304				148,549				—
Diluted Earnings per Share:
Effect of dilutive securities		—				20				—
Net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	304			$	148,569				—
Aimco Operating Partnership
	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Income (Numerator)				Shares (Denominator)				Per Share Amount
Basic and Diluted Earnings per unit:
Net loss attributable to Aimco Operating Partnership's common unitholders	$	(6,207	)			157,701			$	(0.04	)
	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Income (Numerator)				Shares (Denominator)				Per Share Amount
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share:
Net loss attributable to Aimco Operating Partnership's common unitholders	$	(5,310	)			156,500			$	(0.03	)
	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	Income (Numerator)				Shares (Denominator)				Per Share Amount
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share:
Net income attributable to Aimco Operating Partnership's common unitholders	$	319				156,480				—
Diluted Earnings per Share:
Effect of dilutive securities		—				20				—
Net income attributable to Aimco Operating Partnership's common unitholders	$	319			$	156,500				—

 

 

Note 12 — Share-Based Compensation

We have a stock award and incentive program to attract and retain employees and independent directors. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 23.4 million shares were available for issuance under the Second Amended and Restated 2015 Stock Award and Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The total number of shares available for issuance under this plan may increase due to any forfeiture, cancellation, exchange, surrender, termination or expiration of an award outstanding under the 2015 Plan. Awards under the 2015 Plan may be in the form of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, or other types of awards as authorized under the Plan. Our plans are administered by the Compensation and Human Resources Committee of the Board.

F-35

---

 

 

In connection with the Separation, we entered into an agreement to modify all outstanding awards granted to the holders of such awards. Each outstanding time or performance based Aimco award was converted into one share of Aimco common stock and one share of AIR common stock. Generally, all such Aimco equity awards retain the same terms and vesting conditions as the original Aimco equity awards immediately before the Separation.

Following the Separation, compensation expense related to these modified awards for the employees retained by Aimco is incurred by Aimco. The compensation expense related to these modified awards for employees of AIR is incurred by AIR.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, total compensation cost recognized for share-based awards was (in thousands):

 

		2021				2020
Share-based compensation expense (1)		$	3,377			$	1,070
Capitalized share-based compensation (2)			340				138
Total share-based compensation (3)		$	3,717			$	1,208

 

(1)

Amounts are recorded in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

(2)

Amounts are recorded in buildings and improvements on the consolidated balance sheets.

(3)

Amounts are recorded in additional paid-in capital and common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership on the Aimco consolidated balance sheets, and in general partner and special limited partner and limited partners on Aimco Operating Partnership consolidated balance sheets.

As of December 31, 2021, our share of total unvested compensation cost not yet recognized was $15.5 million. We expect to recognize this compensation cost over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.2 years.

We grant stock options and restricted stock awards that are subject to time-based vesting and require continuous employment, typically over a period of four to five years from the grant date, and we refer to these awards as Time-Based Stock Options and Time-Based Restricted Stock, respectively. We also grant stock options, restricted stock awards, and two forms of long-term incentive partnership units (“LTIP units”), that vest conditioned on Aimco’s total shareholder return (“TSR”), relative to identified indices  over a forward-looking performance period of three years. We refer to these awards as TSR Stock Options, TSR Restricted Stock, TSR LTIP I units, and TSR LTIP II units. Vested LTIP II units may be converted at the holders’ option to LTIP Units for a conversion price over a term of 10 years. Earned TSR-based awards, if any, will generally vest 50% on each of the third anniversary and fourth anniversary of the grant date, based on continued employment. Our Time-Based Stock Options and TSR Stock Options expire generally 10 years from the date of grant.

We recognize compensation cost associated with time-based awards ratably over the requisite service periods, which are typically four to five years. We recognize compensation cost related to the TSR-based awards, which have graded vesting periods, over the requisite service period for each separate vesting tranche of the award, commencing on the grant date. The value of the TSR-based awards takes into consideration the probability that the market condition will be achieved; therefore, previously recorded compensation cost is not adjusted in the event that the market condition is not achieved, and awards do not vest.

We had Time-Based Stock Options, Time-Based Restricted Stock, TSR Stock Options, TSR Restricted Stock, TSR LTIP I units and TSR LTIP II units outstanding as of December 31, 2021. The following table summarizes activity for equity compensation for the year ended December 31, 2021.

 

		TSR Stock Options								Time-Based Restricted Stock Awards								TSR Restricted Stock Awards								LTIP I Units								TSR LTIP II Units
		Number of Options				Weighted Average Exercise Price				Number of Shares				Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value				Number of Shares				Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value				Number of Units				Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value				Number of Units				Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year			—				—				21,473			$	43.32		(1)		16,959			$	48.58		(1)		13,752			$	53.46		(1)		8,334			$	6.12
Granted			317,200			$	6.66				1,931,997			$	6.66				269,871			$	7.98				—				—				555,556			$	4.62
Exercised			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Vested			—				—				(12,345	)		$	42.52		(1)		(1,874	)		$	41.71		(1)		(1,311	)		$	51.27		(1)		—				—
Forfeited			—				—				—				—				(1,453	)		$	41.71		(1)		—				—				—				—
Outstanding at end of year			317,200			$	6.66				1,941,125			$	6.87				283,503			$	9.97				12,441			$	53.69				563,890			$	4.64

 

(1) Weighted average grant date fair value is based off pre-separation values when the awards were granted.

The following table summarizes the unvested or outstanding shares issued to employees of Aimco and AIR and are potentially dilutive to Aimco and Aimco Operating Partnership as of December 31, 2021.

 

F-36

---

 

 

 

	Unvested Shares
Awards	Aimco				AIR				Unvested Compensation Not Yet Recognized (1)
Time-Based Stock Options (Outstanding shares)		—				788,205			$	—
TSR Stock Options (Outstanding shares)		317,200				25,563				762
Time-Based Restricted Stock Awards		1,941,125				55,534				11,348
TSR Restricted Stock Awards		283,503				108,292				1,911
LTIP I units		12,441				41,007				227
TSR LTIP II units (Outstanding shares)		563,890				1,274,476				1,273
Total awards		3,118,159				2,293,077			$	15,521

 

(1)	Unvested compensation not yet recognized represents Aimco’s compensation cost for Aimco employees. Compensation costs related to shares issued to AIR employees is recognized by AIR.

 

Determination of Grant-Date Fair Value Awards

 

We estimated the fair value of TSR-based awards granted in 2021 using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation method. Under this method, the prices of the indices and shares of our Common Stock were simulated through the end of the performance period. The correlation matrix between shares of our Common Stock and the indices as well as the corresponding return volatilities were developed based upon an analysis of historical data.

 

The following table includes the assumptions used for the valuation of TSR-based awards that were granted in 2021.

 

TSR-based Award Assumptions		2021
Grant date market value of a common share		$6.66-$7.10
Risk-free interest rate		0.02%-1.22%
Dividend yield		0%
Expected volatility		30.4%-32.29%
Derived vesting period of TSR Restricted Stock			3.0
Weighted average expected term of TSR Stock Options and LTIP II units			5.4

 

 

Note 13 — Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

In 2020, we paid an upfront premium of $12.1 million for the option to enter into a $1.5 billion notional amount interest rate swap at a future date. This interest rate option, or swaption, provides partial protection against exposure to rising interest rates between now and October 2024. We receive a cash settlement in the future if the prevailing interest rate is higher than the 1.68% five-year swap strike price. The amount of future cash settlement is capped if the prevailing interest rate exceeds 2.78%. Alternatively, if interest rates were to decrease below the specified strike price, we would not receive a cash settlement, nor would we have any requirement to make a payment.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we paid upfront a premium of $5.6 million (including transaction costs) for the option to enter into a $500.0 million notional amount interest rate swap at a future date. This interest rate option, or swaption, provides partial protection against our refinancing interest rate risk relative to our Notes Payable to AIR and is intended to mitigate interest rate increases between now and January 2024. We receive a cash settlement in the future if the prevailing interest rate is higher than the 3% strike price on the five-year swap rate. Alternatively, if interest rates were to decrease below the specified strike price, we would not receive a cash settlement, nor would we have any requirement to make a payment.

 

From time to time, we purchase interest rate caps to provide protection against increases in interest rates on our floating rate debt. The fair value of these interest rate caps is included in the fair value table below.

We measure at fair value on a recurring basis our interest rate options, which are presented in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Our interest rate options are classified within Level 2 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy, and we estimate their fair value using pricing models that rely on observable market information, including contractual terms, market prices, and interest rate yield curves. The fair value adjustment is included in earnings in unrealized gains on interest rate options in our consolidated statements of operations. Changes in fair value are reflected as a non-cash transaction in adjustments to arrive at cash flows from operations, and the upfront premium is reflected in purchase of interest rate option in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

F-37

---

 

 

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had investments of $9.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively, in privately held entities that develop technology related to the real estate industry. These investments are measured at net asset value (“NAV”) as a practical expedient. See Note 14 for further details of unfunded commitments.

The following table summarizes the fair value of our interest rate options and our investment in real estate technology funds as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): 

		As of December 31, 2021																As of December 31, 2020
		Total				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Interest rate option		$	25,449			$	—			$	25,449			$	—			$	13,315			$	—			$	13,315			$	—
Investment in real estate technology funds (1)		$	9,613			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	2,293			$	—			$	—			$	—

(1)

Investments measured at fair value using the NAV practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value Disclosures

We believe that the carrying value of the consolidated amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivables and payables approximated their fair value as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, due to their relatively short-term nature and high probability of realization. We estimate the fair value of our non-recourse property debt, construction loans, and Notes Payable to AIR using an income and market approach, including comparison of the contractual terms to observable and unobservable inputs such as market interest rate risk spreads, contractual interest rates, remaining periods to maturity, debt service coverage ratios, and loan to value ratios. We classify the fair value of our non-recourse property debt and construction loans within Level 2 of the GAAP valuation hierarchy based on the significance of certain of the unobservable inputs used to estimate its fair value.

The carrying amount of the Notes Payable to AIR approximated their fair value at both December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The following table summarizes carrying value and fair value of our non-recourse property debt and construction loans debt as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

 

	2021								2020
	As of December 31, 2021								As of December 31, 2020
	Carrying Value				Fair Value				Carrying Value				Fair Value
Non-recourse property debt	$	484,883			$	498,960			$	449,510			$	467,010
Construction loans debt	$	168,376			$	168,376				—				—

 

 

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

Immediately following the Separation, we tested our right of use assets, tenant improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment and our internally developed software for impairment. We concluded that the estimated fair value of the related assets no longer exceeded their carrying values and recorded an aggregate impairment of $15.9 million. The fair value determination included assumptions based on Level 3 inputs. See Note 2 for further details. There were no such impairments in 2021 or 2019.

 

Note 14 — Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In connection with our development, redevelopment and other capital additions activities, we have entered into various construction-related contracts, and we have made commitments to complete development and redevelopment of certain real estate, pursuant to financing or other arrangements. As of December 31, 2021, our commitments related to these capital activities totaled approximately $265.5 million, most of which we expect to incur during the next 24 months.

We enter into certain commitments for future purchases of goods and services in connection with the operations of our apartment communities. Those commitments generally have terms of one year or less and reflect expenditure levels comparable to our historical expenditures.

We have a commitment to fund an additional $14.2 million to IQHQ, which was funded subsequent to year end. During the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, we contributed a total of $23.3 million and $12.5 million, respectively. We also have unfunded commitments related to four investments in privately held entities that develop technology related to the real estate industry. During the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, we contributed a total of $0.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively, to these technology funds, leaving an additional funding commitment in the amount of $3.2 million as of December 31, 2021, the timing of which is uncertain.  

F-38

---

 

 

Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company may be a party to certain legal proceedings, incidental to the normal course of business. While the outcome of the legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes there are no legal proceedings pending that would have a material effect upon on our financial condition or results of operations.

Note 15 — Business Segments

We have three segments: (i) Development and Redevelopment, (ii) Operating, and (iii) Other.

Our Development and Redevelopment segment consists of properties that are under construction or have not achieved stabilization, as well as land assemblages that are being held for development adjacent to The Hamilton community and other land purchases. Our Operating segment includes 24 residential apartment communities that have achieved stabilized level of operations as of January 1, 2020 and maintained it throughout the current year and comparable period. We aggregate all our apartment communities that have reached stabilization into our Operating segment. Our Other segment consists of properties that are not included in our Developments and Redevelopment or Operating segments. We realigned our segments during the fourth quarter of 2020 and have restated the historical periods prior to the realignment to conform with current segment presentation.

Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) uses cash flow, construction timeline to completion and actual versus budgeted results to evaluate our properties in our Development and Redevelopment segments. Our CODM uses proportionate property net operating income to assess the operating performance of our Operating segment. Proportionate property net operating income is defined as our share of rental and other property revenues, excluding reimbursements, less direct property operating expenses, net of utility reimbursements, for consolidated communities. In our consolidated statements of operations, utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues, in accordance with GAAP.

As of December 31, 2021, our Development and Redevelopment segment includes five real estate investments: Upton Place, The Hamilton, the Benson Hotel, land parcels adjacent to The Hamilton community and land purchased in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The Development and Redevelopment segment also includes our five leased properties of which, two are under construction and three are in lease-up but have not achieved stabilization. Our Operating segment includes 24 consolidated apartment communities with 6,067 apartment homes. Our Other segment includes our recent Eldridge Townhomes acquisition, stabilized but not owned for the comparable reporting period, and 1001 Brickell Bay Drive, our only office building.

The following tables present the revenues, proportionate property net operating income, and income before income tax benefit (expense) of our segments on a proportionate basis for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 (in thousands). Prior carve out amounts have been adjusted retrospectively to reconcile the difference between non-recurring carve out accounting and current results as it relates to insurance expense, for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This adjustment ensures comparability of post-Separation results to pre-Separation segment results. Absent the adjustment, 2021 NOI would have increased 6.9%.

	Development and Redevelopment						Operating						Other						Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)						Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments						Consolidated
Year ended December 31, 2021:
Rental and other property revenues	$	12,418					$	136,250					$	14,317					$	6,851					$	—					$	169,836
Property operating expenses		7,931						43,463						4,207						6,727						5,285						67,613
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (2)		—						—						—						—						117,863						117,863
Total operating expenses		7,931						43,463						4,207						6,727						123,148						185,476
Proportionate property net operating       income (loss)		4,487						92,787						10,110						124						(123,148	)					(15,640	)
Other items included in loss before    income tax benefit (3)		—						—						—						—						(2,910	)					(2,910	)
Income (loss) before income tax benefit	$	4,487					$	92,787					$	10,110					$	124					$	(126,058	)				$	(18,550	)

F-39

---

 

 

 

 

	Development and Redevelopment						Operating						Other						Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)						Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments						Consolidated
Year ended December 31, 2020:
Rental and other property revenues	$	1,515					$	130,797					$	12,986					$	6,088					$	65					$	151,451
Property operating expenses		981						41,683						4,148						5,702						9,000						61,514
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (2)		—						—						—						—						104,294						104,294
Total operating expenses		981						41,683						4,148						5,702						113,294						165,808
Proportionate property net operating       income (loss)		534						89,114						8,838						386						(113,229	)					(14,357	)
Other items included in loss before    income tax benefit (3)		—						—						—						—						(1,563	)					(1,563	)
Income (loss) before income tax benefit	$	534					$	89,114					$	8,838					$	386					$	(114,792	)				$	(15,920	)

 

	Development and Redevelopment						Operating						Other						Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)						Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments						Consolidated
Year ended December 31, 2019
Rental and other property revenues	$	—					$	131,175					$	6,888					$	5,629					$	—					$	143,692
Property operating expenses		—						41,090						1,931						5,202						9,318						57,541
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (2)		—						—						—						—						71,092						71,092
Total operating expenses		—						41,090						1,931						5,202						80,410						128,633
Proportionate property net operating       income (loss)		—						90,085						4,957						427						(80,410	)					15,059
Other items included in loss before    income tax benefit (3)		—						—						—						—						(18,247	)					(18,247	)
Income (loss) before income tax benefit	$	—					$	90,085					$	4,957					$	427					$	(98,657	)				$	(3,188	)

 

(1)

Represents adjustments for the redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnership’s share of the results of consolidated communities in our segments, which are included in the related consolidated amounts, but excluded from proportionate property net operating income for our segment evaluation. Also includes the reclassification of utility reimbursements from revenues to property operating expenses for the purpose of evaluating segment results. Utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues in our consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with GAAP.

(2)	Other operating expenses not allocated to segments consists of depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expense, and miscellaneous other expenses.

(3)	Other items included in income before income tax benefit (expense) consists primarily of interest expense, unrealized gain on our interest rate options and mezzanine investment income, net.

Net real estate and non-recourse property debt, net, of our segments as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

	Development and Redevelopment				Operating				Other				Total
As of December 31, 2021:
Buildings and improvements	$	277,041			$	783,320			$	196,853			$	1,257,214
Land		82,325				298,459				153,501				534,285
Total real estate		359,366				1,081,779				350,354				1,791,499
Accumulated depreciation		(2,252	)			(517,022	)			(41,841	)			(561,115	)
Net real estate	$	357,114			$	564,757			$	308,513			$	1,230,384
Non-recourse property debt and construction loans, net	$	163,570			$	483,137			$	—			$	646,707
	Development and Redevelopment				Operating				Other				Total
As of December 31, 2020:
Buildings and improvements	$	61,813			$	772,786			$	160,517			$	995,116
Land		56,676				298,459				150,018				505,153
Total real estate		118,489				1,071,245				310,535				1,500,269
Accumulated depreciation		(447	)			(469,873	)			(24,690	)			(495,010	)
Net real estate	$	118,042			$	601,372			$	285,845			$	1,005,259
Non-recourse property debt, net	$	—			$	447,967			$	—			$	447,967

F-40

---

 

 

 

 

 

In addition to the amounts disclosed in the tables above, the Development and Redevelopment segment right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021, aggregated to $434.8 million and $447.8 million, respectively, related to our investments in Upton Place, North Tower of Flamingo Point, 707 Leahy, The Fremont, Prism, and Oak Shore. As of December 31, 2020, the Development and Redevelopment segment right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities totaled $92.7 million and $86.8 million, respectively, related to our investment in Upton Place.

Note 16 — Subsequent Events

In January 2022, we repurchased 202,400 shares of Aimco Class A common stock at a weighted average price of $6.49 in accordance with our share repurchase authorization.  

Also in January 2022, we purchased a small land parcel in Miami, Florida for approximately $1.7 million and the consolidated Fort Lauderdale joint venture purchased three undeveloped land parcels located in downtown Fort Lauderdale for $49.0 million, funded primarily by a $40.0 million land loan.  

In February 2022, Aimco entered into a contract to acquire, for $100.0 million, a 9-acre development site in Fort Lauderdale.  The site is located in the Flagler Village neighborhood with the ability to develop approximately three million square feet of mixed-use development, over time. Aimco reserved funds for the transaction by placing $70.0 million of cash and $30.0 million in letters of credit into escrow.  

Also in February 2022, we acquired the redeemable non-controlling interests in two consolidated properties for $5.1 million.

 

 

F-41

---

 

 

 

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

AIMCO OP L.P.

SCHEDULE III: REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION

December 31, 2021

(In Thousands Except Apartment Home Data)

 

																						(2)				As of December 31, 2021
				(1)										Initial Cost								Cost Capitalized																(4)
Apartment Community		Apartment		Date				Year		Apartment								Buildings and				Subsequent to								Buildings and				(3)				Accumulated				Total Cost				(5)
Name		Type		Acquired		Location		Built		Homes				Land				Improvements				Acquisition				Land				Improvements				Total				Depreciation (AD)				Net of AD				Encumbrances
Operating:
118-122 West 23rd Street		High Rise		Jun 2012		New York, NY		1987			42			$	14,985			$	23,459			$	7,556			$	14,985			$	31,015			$	46,000			$	(12,887	)		$	33,113			$	—
173 E. 90th Street		High Rise		May 2004		New York, NY		1910			72				12,066				4,535				9,031				12,066				13,565				25,631				(6,325	)			19,306				—
237-239 Ninth Avenue		High Rise		Mar 2005		New York, NY		1900			36				8,495				1,866				3,057				8,495				4,923				13,418				(3,539	)			9,879				—
1045 on the Park Apartments Homes		Mid Rise		Jul 2013		Atlanta, GA		2012			30				2,793				6,662				975				2,793				7,638				10,431				(2,395	)			8,036				—
2200 Grace		High Rise		Aug 2018		Lombard, IL		1971			72				642				7,788				613				642				8,401				9,043				(5,613	)			3,430				7,168
2900 on First Apartments		Mid Rise		Oct 2008		Seattle, WA		1989			135				19,070				17,518				33,729				19,070				51,247				70,317				(32,703	)			37,614				—
Bank Lofts		High Rise		Apr 2001		Denver, CO		1920			125				3,525				9,045				5,828				3,525				14,873				18,398				(9,089	)			9,309				—
Bluffs at Pacifica, The		Garden		Oct 2006		Pacifica, CA		1963			64				8,108				4,132				17,089				8,108				21,221				29,329				(13,101	)			16,228				—
Cedar Rim		Garden		Apr 2000		Newcastle, WA		1980			104				761				5,218				14,773				761				19,992				20,753				(16,310	)			4,443				—
Elm Creek		Mid Rise		Dec 1997		Elmhurst, IL		1987			400				5,910				30,830				32,314				5,910				63,144				69,054				(40,134	)			28,920				48,086
Evanston Place		High Rise		Dec 1997		Evanston, IL		1990			190				3,232				25,546				17,942				3,232				43,488				46,720				(24,062	)			22,658				46,670
Hillmeade		Garden		Nov 1994		Nashville, TN		1986			288				2,872				16,070				22,394				2,872				38,464				41,336				(26,730	)			14,606				25,566
Hyde Park Tower		High Rise		Oct 2004		Chicago, IL		1990			155				4,731				14,927				16,522				4,731				31,449				36,180				(15,618	)			20,562				—
Pathfinder Village		Garden		Jan 2006		Fremont, CA		1973			246				19,595				14,838				21,975				19,595				36,813				56,408				(23,685	)			32,723				55,000
Plantation Gardens		Garden		Oct 1999		Plantation ,FL		1971			372				3,773				19,443				22,933				3,773				42,376				46,149				(29,361	)			16,788				31,044
Royal Crest Estates		Garden		Aug 2002		Warwick, RI		1972			492				22,433				24,095				6,076				22,433				30,171				52,604				(23,326	)			29,278				—
Royal Crest Estates		Garden		Aug 2002		Nashua, NH		1970			902				68,230				45,562				17,673				68,230				63,234				131,464				(50,820	)			80,644				86,462
Royal Crest Estates		Garden		Aug 2002		Marlborough, MA		1970			473				25,178				28,786				16,612				25,178				45,399				70,577				(35,162	)			35,415				72,627
St. George Villas		Garden		Jan 2006		St. George, SC		1984			40				108				1,024				442				108				1,466				1,574				(1,352	)			222				239
Waterford Village		Garden		Aug 2002		Bridgewater, MA		1971			588				29,110				28,101				12,036				29,110				40,137				69,247				(33,251	)			35,996				—
Wexford Village		Garden		Aug 2002		Worcester, MA		1974			264				6,349				17,939				5,222				6,349				23,161				29,510				(16,454	)			13,056				—
Willow Bend		Garden		May 1998		Rolling Meadows, IL		1969			328				2,717				15,437				20,213				2,717				35,650				38,367				(27,876	)			10,491				—
Yacht Club at Brickell		High Rise		Dec 2003		Miami, FL		1998			357				31,362				32,214				20,712				31,362				52,926				84,288				(26,386	)			57,902				84,524
Yorktown Apartments		High Rise		Dec 1999		Lombard, IL		1971			292				2,414				10,374				52,194				2,414				62,567				64,981				(40,843	)			24,138				29,034
Total Operating											6,067				298,459				405,409				377,911				298,459				783,320				1,081,779				(517,022	)			564,757				486,420
Development and redevelopment:
707 Leahy		Garden		Jan 2021		Redwood City, CA		1973			110				—								211				—				211				211				(19	)			192				—
The Benson Hotel & faculty Club				Jan 2021		Denver, CO					—				1,815				4,414				29,328				1,815				33,743				35,558				—				35,558				—
Edgewater Assemblage		Garden		Jul 2021		Miami, FL		1948			26				19,590								652				19,590				652				20,242				—				20,242				—
Flamingo North Tower		Highrise		Jan 2021		Miami, FL		1960			366				—								68,206				—				68,206				68,206				(352	)			67,854				130,274
Fremont		Midrise		Jan 2021		Denver, CO		2020			253				—								628				—				628				628				(45	)			583				—
Flying Horse				Jul 2021		Colorado Springs, CO					—				4,244								387				4,244				387				4,631				—				4,631				—
The Hamilton		High Rise		Aug 2020		Miami, FL		1985			275				56,676				34,891				56,451				56,676				91,342				148,018				(1,426	)			146,592				38,102
Oak Shore				Jun 2021		Corte Madera, CA					24				—								5,529				—				5,529				5,529				—				5,529				—
Prism		Midrise		Jan 2021		Cambridge, MA		2019			136				—								5,625				—				5,625				5,625				(410	)			5,215				—
Upton Place				Dec 2020		Washington, DC					—				—				21,280				49,438				—				70,718				70,718				—				70,718				—
Total Development and redevelopment											1,190				82,325				60,585				216,453				82,325				277,041				359,366				(2,252	)			357,114				168,376
Other:
1001 Brickell Bay Drive		High Rise		Jul 2019		Miami, FL		1985			—				150,018				152,791				8,321				150,018				161,191				311,209				(41,428	)			269,781				—
Eldridge		Townhome		Aug 2021		Elmhurst, IL		2018			58				3,483				35,631				31				3,483				35,662				39,145				(413	)			38,732				—
Total Portfolio											7,315			$	534,285			$	654,416			$	602,716			$	534,285			$	1,257,214			$	1,791,499			$	(561,115	)		$	1,230,384			$	654,796

(1)	Date we acquired the apartment community or first acquired the partnership that owns the community.

(2)	Includes costs capitalized since acquisition or date of initial acquisition of the community.

(3)	The aggregate cost of land and depreciable property for federal income tax purposes was approximately $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2021.

(4)	Depreciable life for buildings and improvements ranges from five to 30 years and is calculated on a straight-line basis.

(5)	Encumbrances are presented before reduction for debt issuance costs and the impact of assumed debt fair value adjustment.

 

F-42

---

Table of Contents

 

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

AIMCO OP L.P.

SCHEDULE III: REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION

For the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

(In Thousands)

 

		2021				2020				2019
Total real estate balance at beginning of year		$	1,500,269			$	1,385,412			$	1,053,589
Additions during the year:
Acquisitions			69,178				112,820				302,213
Capital additions			222,052				24,334				37,327
Write-offs of fully depreciated assets and other			—				(22,297	)			(7,717	)
Total real estate balance at end of year		$	1,791,499			$	1,500,269			$	1,385,412
Accumulated depreciation balance at beginning of year		$	495,010			$	449,444			$	398,300
Depreciation			66,105				67,919				58,436
Write-offs of fully depreciated assets and other			—				(22,353	)			(7,292	)
Accumulated depreciation balance at end of year		$	561,115			$	495,010			$	449,444

 

F-43