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Published: 2021-06-25

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

________________________

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

☒

OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2021

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

☐

OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-38232

______________________________________________________

BlackBerry Limited

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Canada

98-0164408

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

organization)

2200 University Ave East

Waterloo

Ontario

Canada

N2K 0A7

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

(519) 888-7465

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Shares

New York Stock Exchange

Common Shares

Toronto Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
					o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
						Yes	☐ No x
The registrant had 566,412,186 common shares issued and outstanding as of June 22, 2021.
				2

BLACKBERRY LIMITED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
	Page No.
		PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
		Item 1	Financial Statements
			Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2021 (unaudited) and February 28, 2021	5
			Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity - Three Months Ended May 31, 2021 and 2020
			(unaudited)	6
			Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three Months Ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)	7
			Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - Three Months Ended May 31, 2021 and 2020
			(unaudited)	8
			Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Three Months Ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)	9
			Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	10
		Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
		Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	48
		Item 4	Controls and Procedures	49
		PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
		Item 1	Legal Proceedings	49
		Item 6	Exhibits	49
		Signatures		51
					3

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to the “Company” and “BlackBerry” include BlackBerry Limited and its subsidiaries.
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		4

BlackBerry Limited
	Incorporated under the Laws of Ontario
	(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
			As at
				May 31, 2021	February 28, 2021
		Assets
		Current
					Cash and cash equivalents (note 3)	$	339 $		214
					Short-term investments (note 3)		364		525
					Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $9 and $10, respectively (note 4)		153		182
					Other receivables		26		25
					Income taxes receivable		10		10
					Other current assets (note 4)		61		50
					953			1,006
		Restricted cash equivalents and restricted short-term investments (note 3)			29			28
		Long-term investments (note 3)			37			37
		Other long-term assets (note 4)			15			16
		Operating lease right-of-use assets, net			59			63
		Property, plant and equipment, net (note 4)			46			48
		Goodwill (note 4)			850			849
		Intangible assets, net (note 4)			732			771
				$	2,721 $			2,818
		Liabilities
		Current
					Accounts payable	$	22 $		20
					Accrued liabilities (note 4)		164		178
					Income taxes payable (note 5)		8		6
					Deferred revenue, current (note 11)		208		225
					402			429
		Deferred revenue, non-current (note 11)			57			69
		Operating lease liabilities			85			90
		Other long-term liabilities (note 4)			6			6
		Long-term debentures (note 6)			715			720
					1,265			1,314
		Commitments and contingencies (note 10)Shareholders’ equityCapital stock and additional paid-in capital
		Preferred shares: authorized unlimited number of non-voting, cumulative, redeemable and retractable	—			—
		Common shares: authorized unlimited number of non-voting, redeemable, retractable Class A
		common shares and unlimited number of voting common sharesIssued - 566,247,741 voting common shares (February 28, 2021 - 565,505,328 )
					2,834			2,823
		Deficit			(1,368)			(1,306)
		Accumulated other comprehensive loss (note 9)			(10)			(13)
					1,456			1,504
				$	2,721 $			2,818
		See notes to consolidated financial statements.
		On behalf of the Board:
		John S. Chen	Barbara Stymiest
		Director	Director
							5

BlackBerry Limited
	(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
		Three Months Ended May 31, 2021
				Accumulated
			Capital Stock	Other
			and Additional	Comprehensive
			Paid-in Capital	Deficit	Loss	Total
					Balance as at February 28, 2021	$	2,823 $	(1,306) $	(13) $	1,504
					Net loss		—	(62)	—	(62)
					Other comprehensive income		—	—	3	3
					Stock-based compensation (note 7)		7	—	—	7
					Shares issued:
					Exercise of stock options (note 7)		1	—	—	1
					Employee share purchase plan (note 7)		3	—	—	3
					Balance as at May 31, 2021	$	2,834 $	(1,368) $	(10) $	1,456
		Three Months Ended May 31, 2020
				Accumulated
			Capital Stock	Other
			and Additional	Comprehensive
			Paid-in Capital	Deficit	Loss	Total
					Balance as at February 29, 2020	$	2,760 $	(198) $	(33) $	2,529
					Net loss		—	(636)	—	(636)
					Other comprehensive income		—	—	7	7
					Cumulative impact of adoption of ASC 326		—	(4)	—	(4)
					Stock-based compensation		13	—	—	13
					Shares issued:
					Exercise of stock options		1	—	—	1
					Employee share purchase plan		3	—	—	3
					Balance as at May 31, 2020	$	2,777 $	(838) $	(26) $	1,913
					See notes to consolidated financial statements.
			6

BlackBerry Limited
	(United States dollars, in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)
		Consolidated Statements of Operations

				Three Months Ended
					May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
			Revenue (note 11)		$	174 $		206
			Cost of sales			60		63
			Gross margin			114		143
			Operating expenses
							Research and development		57	57
							Selling, marketing and administration		73	90
							Amortization		46	46
							Impairment of goodwill (note 3)		—	594
							Debentures fair value adjustment (note 6)		(4)	1
						172		788
			Operating loss			(58)		(645)
							Investment loss, net		(2)	—
			Loss before income taxes			(60)		(645)
			Provision for (recovery of) income taxes (note 5)					2	(9)
			Net loss		$	(62) $		(636)
			Loss per share (note 8)
							Basic	$	(0.11) $	(1.14)
							Diluted	$	(0.11) $	(1.14)
			See notes to consolidated financial statements.
									7

BlackBerry Limited
	(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

				Three Months Ended
					May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
		Net loss			$	(62) $		(636)
		Other comprehensive income
			Net change in fair value and amounts reclassified to net loss from derivatives
			designated as cash flow hedges during the three months ended, net of income taxes of
			nil (May 31, 2020 - income taxes of nil) (note 9)				1	(1)
			Foreign currency translation adjustment				1	1
			Net change in fair value from instrument-specific credit risk on the Debentures, net of
			income taxes of nil (May 31, 2020 - income taxes of $1 million) (note 6)				1	7
		Other comprehensive income					3	7
		Comprehensive loss			$	(59) $		(629)
		See notes to consolidated financial statements.
								8

BlackBerry Limited
	(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
			Three Months Ended
				May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
		Cash flows from operating activitiesNet loss
				$	(62) $		(636)
		Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
		Amortization				49	50
		Stock-based compensation				7	13
		Impairment of goodwill				—	594
		Debentures fair value adjustment (note 6)				(4)	1
		Operating leases				(3)	(3)
		Other				(3)	(1)
		Net changes in working capital items
		Accounts receivable, net of allowance				29	1
		Other receivables				(1)	(6)
		Income taxes receivable				—	(2)
		Other assets				(6)	—
		Accounts payable				2	15
		Accrued liabilities			(14)		(18)
		Income taxes payable				2	(7)
		Deferred revenue			(29)		(32)
		Net cash used in operating activities			(33)		(31)
		Cash flows from investing activitiesAcquisition of long-term investments
						—	(1)
		Acquisition of property, plant and equipment				(2)	(1)
		Acquisition of intangible assets				(6)	(8)
		Acquisition of short-term investments			(209)		(299)
		Proceeds on sale or maturity of restricted short-term investments				24	—
		Proceeds on sale or maturity of short-term investments			369		270
		Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities			176		(39)
		Cash flows from financing activitiesIssuance of common shares
						4	4
		Net cash provided by financing activities				4	4
		Effect of foreign exchange gain on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents				3	—
		Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents during the
		period			150		(66)
		Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, beginning of period			218		426
		Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, end of period		$	368 $		360
		See notes to consolidated financial statements.
							9

		BlackBerry Limited
			Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
	In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
1.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
	Basis of Presentation and Preparation
	These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). They do not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of BlackBerry Limited (the “Company”) for the year ended February 28, 2021 (the “Annual Financial Statements”), which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation have been included in these interim consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the three months ended May 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending February 28, 2022. The consolidated balance sheet at February 28, 2021 was derived from the audited Annual Financial Statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the Annual Financial Statements.Certain of the comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.
	In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), who is the Executive Chair and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company, began making decisions and assessing the performance of the Company using three operating segments, whereas the CODM previously made decisions and assessed the performance of the Company as a single operating segment. As a result of the internal reporting reorganization, the Company is now organized and managed as three reportable operating segments: Cyber Security, IoT (collectively, “Software & Services”), and Licensing and Other, as further discussed in Note 11.
	Risks and Uncertainties
	The novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has prompted extraordinary actions by international, federal, state, provincial and local governmental authorities to contain and combat the spread of COVID-19 in regions throughout the world. The COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures, including orders to shelter-in-place, travel restrictions and mandated business closures, adversely affected workforces, organizations, consumers and economies, which led to an economic downturn and which may cause market volatility and uncertainty in future periods.
	In fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, the economic downturn and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures undertaken to contain its spread negatively affected the Company’s QNX automotive software business, caused volatility in demand for the Company’s products and services, adversely affected the ability of the Company’s sales and professional services teams to work with customers, impacted spending from new customers and increased sales cycle times. The uncertainty also resulted in the Company making significant judgments related to its estimates and assumptions concerning the impairment of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, certain operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and associated property, plant and equipment, and concerning the collectability of receivables.
	As of the date of issuance of the financial statements, the Company is not aware of any additional events or circumstances which would require it to update its estimates, judgments, or revise the carrying value of its assets or liabilities, other than the COVID-19 pandemic as discussed above and below in Note 3. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and such changes will be recognized in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from these estimates and any such differences may be material to the Company’s financial statements.
	Although the Company experienced higher Software & Services revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021, when the COVID-19 pandemic first materially negatively impacted the Company’s operations, and observed a continued recovery in both automotive design activities and production volumes during the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic and related global chip shortage have had and, in fiscal 2022, may continue to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s QNX automotive software business in particular and on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition on a consolidated basis. The Company continues to evaluate the current and potential impact of the pandemic on its business, results of operations and consolidated financial statements, including the potential impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company does not expect the COVID-19 pandemic and its related economic impact to materially adversely affect its liquidity position.
	The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s operational and financial performance will depend on, among other things, the pandemic’s duration and severity, the governmental restrictions that may be sustained or imposed in response to the pandemic, the effectiveness of actions taken to contain or mitigate the pandemic (including the distribution and efficacy of vaccines, particularly against emergent viral variants), the impact of the global chip shortage
				10

			BlackBerry Limited
				Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
and global economic conditions. The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business may not be fully reflected until future periods.
Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates
There have been no material changes to the Company’s accounting policies or critical accounting estimates from those described in the Annual Financial Statements.
Accounting Standards Adopted During Fiscal 2022
ASC 740, Income Taxes
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) released ASU 2019-12 on the topic of simplifying the accounting for income taxes, as part of its simplification initiative to reduce the cost and complexity in accounting for income taxes. The amendments in this update remove certain exceptions from Topic 740, Income Taxes, including: (i) the exception to the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation; (ii) the exception to accounting for basis differences when there are ownership changes in foreign investments; and (iii) the exception in interim period income tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses. The update also simplifies U.S. GAAP in several other areas of Topic 740 such as: (i) franchise taxes and other taxes partially based on income; (ii) transactions with a government that result in a step up in the tax basis of goodwill; (iii) separate financial statements of entities not subject to tax; and (iv) enacted changes in tax laws in interim periods.
The guidance was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The only aspect of ASU 2019-12 that impacts the Company is the removal of the exception related to intra-period tax allocation. Upon adoption of the new standard, the Company determines the tax attributable to continuing operations without regard to the tax effect of other items included in other comprehensive income. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or disclosures.
	2.	ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS NOT YET ADOPTED
In August 2020, the FASB issued a new accounting standard on the topic of debt with conversion and other options, ASU 2020-06. The amendment in this update simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models available for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. This update also amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions and requires the application of the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share. The update also requires entities to provide expanded disclosures about the terms and features of convertible instruments, how the instruments have been reported in the entity’s financial statements, and information about events, conditions, and circumstances that can affect how to assess the amount or timing of an entity’s future cash flows related to those instruments. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company will adopt this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position and disclosures.
	3.	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS, CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS
Fair Value
The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, non-performance risk and credit risk. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value into three levels:
•		Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•		Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•		Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.
					11

	BlackBerry Limited
		Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
The fair value hierarchy also requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are measured at an amount that approximates their fair values (Level 2 measurement) due to their short maturities.
In determining the fair value of investments held, the Company primarily relies on an independent third-party valuator for the fair valuation of securities. The Company also reviews the inputs used in the valuation process and assesses the pricing of the securities for reasonableness after conducting its own internal collection of quoted prices from brokers. Fair values for all investment categories provided by the independent third-party valuator that are in excess of 0.5% from the fair values determined by the Company are communicated to the independent third-party valuator for consideration of reasonableness. The independent third-party valuator considers the information provided by the Company before determining whether a change in their original pricing is warranted.
The Company’s investments largely consist of debt securities issued by major corporate and banking organizations, the provincial and federal governments of Canada, international government banking organizations and the United States Department of the Treasury and are all investment grade. The Company also holds certain private equity investments without readily determinable fair value, and a limited amount of public equity securities following the initial public offering by the issuer of a previous private equity investment.
For a description of how the fair values of the 1.75% Debentures (as defined in Note 6) and 3.75% Debentures (as defined in Note 6) were determined, see the “Convertible debentures” accounting policies in Note 1 to the Annual Financial Statements. The 1.75% Debentures are classified as Level 3 and the 3.75% Debentures were classified as Level 2.
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Company re-measures the fair value of long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, operating lease ROU assets, intangible assets and goodwill.
Goodwill Impairment
During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, as a result of the deterioration in economic conditions caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the Company’s reporting units, and the decline of the trading value of the Company’s capital stock below the Company’s consolidated carrying value, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of at least one of its reporting units was lower than its carrying value after including goodwill. As a result, the Company completed an analysis of the fair value of its reporting units to compare against their respective carrying values as of May 31, 2020. Based on the results of the goodwill impairment test, it was concluded that the carrying value of one reporting unit exceeded its fair value, necessitating an impairment charge for the amount of excess and reducing the carrying value of goodwill. Consequently, the Company recorded total non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $594 million in the BlackBerry Spark reporting unit (the “Goodwill Impairment Charge”). The estimated fair values of the Company’s other reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying values at May 31, 2020. The Company did not identify any goodwill impairment during its annual impairment test in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, and all reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying values. For further discussion of the Goodwill Impairment Charge in fiscal 2021, see Note 3 to the Annual Financial Statements.
			12

	BlackBerry Limited
													Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
The components of cash, cash equivalents and investments by fair value level as at May 31, 2021 were as follows:
				Cash and			Restricted
		Unrealized		Cash	Short-term	Long-term	Cash
	Cost Basis	Losses	Fair Value	Equivalents	Investments	Investments	Equivalents
Bank balances	$							90 $	— $	90 $	90 $			— $	— $	—
Other investments								37	—	37	—			—	37	—
		127								—	127	90			—	37	—
Level 1:Equity securities
								10	(8)	2	—		2		—	—
Level 2:Term deposits, certificates of deposits, and
GIC's		147								—	147	60			58	—	29
Bankers’ acceptances/bearer deposit notes								45	—	45	45			—	—	—
Commercial paper		198								—	198	58	140			—	—
Non-U.S. promissory notes								92	—	92	50			42	—	—
Non-U.S. government sponsored enterprise
notes		139								—	139	20	119			—	—
Non-U.S. treasury bills/notes								16	—	16	16			—	—	—
Corporate notes/bonds		3							—	3	—		3		—	—
		640								—	640	249	362			—	29
	$ 777 $								(8) $ 769 $ 339 $ 364 $			37 $	29
		13

		BlackBerry Limited
														Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
The components of cash, cash equivalents and investments by fair value level as at February 28, 2021 were as follows:
				Cash and			Restricted	Restricted
		Unrealized		Cash	Short-term	Long-term	Cash	Short-term
	Cost Basis	Losses	Fair Value	Equivalents	Investments	Investments	Equivalents	Investments
Bank balances	$ 165 $								— $ 165 $ 165 $	— $	— $	— $	—
Other investments												37	—			37	—						—	37	—	—
		202								—	202	165					—	37	—	—
Level 1:Equity securities
												10	(7)	3	—	3					—	—	—
Level 2:Term deposits, certificates of
deposits, and GICs		138								—	138		7	103					—	4	24
Bearer deposit notes												40	—			40	—						40	—	—	—
Commercial paper		162								—	162	15	147					—	—	—
Non-U.S. promissory notes												55	—			55	26						29	—	—	—
Non-U.S. government sponsored
enterprise notes		154								—	154		1	153					—	—	—
Non-U.S. treasury bills/notes												25	—			25	—						25	—	—	—
Corporate notes/bonds												25	—			25	—						25	—	—	—
		599								—	599	49	522					—	4	24
	$ 811 $								(7) $ 804 $ 214 $ 525 $		37 $	4 $	24
As at May 31, 2021, the Company had private equity investments without readily determinable fair value of $37 million (February 28, 2021 - $37 million).
There were no realized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities for the three months ended May 31, 2021 (realized losses of nil for the three months ended May 31, 2020).
The Company has restricted cash and cash equivalents, consisting of cash and securities pledged as collateral to major banking partners in support of the Company’s requirements for letters of credit. These letters of credit support certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business. The letters of credit are for terms ranging from one month to four years. The Company is legally restricted from accessing these funds during the term of the leases for which the letters of credit have been issued; however, the Company can continue to invest the funds and receive investment income thereon.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents as at May 31, 2021 and February 28, 2021 from the consolidated balance sheets to the consolidated statements of cash flows:
							As at
					May 31, 2021		February 28, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents					$	339 $		214
Restricted cash and cash equivalents											29	4
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents
presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows					$	368 $		218
			14

									BlackBerry Limited
										Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
The contractual maturities of available-for-sale investments as at May 31, 2021 and February 28, 2021 were as follows:
	As at
		May 31, 2021	February 28, 2021
				Cost Basis	Fair Value	Cost Basis		Fair Value
Due in one year or less				$	640 $	640 $	599 $				599
No fixed maturity					10	2	10				3
				$	650 $	642 $	609 $				602
As at May 31, 2021, the Company had investments with continuous unrealized losses totaling $8 million, consisting of unrealized losses on equity securities (February 28, 2021 - continuous unrealized losses totaling $7 million).
							4.	CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DETAILS
Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance
The allowance for credit losses as at May 31, 2021 was $9 million (February 28, 2021 - $10 million).
The Company recognizes current estimated credit losses for accounts receivable, net of allowance. The cumulative expected credit losses (“CECL”) for accounts receivable, net are estimated based on days past due and region for each customer in relation to a representative pool of assets consisting of a large number of customers with similar risk characteristics that operate under similar economic environments. The Company determined the CECL by estimating historical credit loss experience based on the past due status and region of the customers, adjusted as appropriate to reflect current conditions and estimates of future economic conditions, inclusive of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on credit losses. The duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting market volatility are highly uncertain and, as such, the impact on expected credit losses is subject to significant judgment and may cause variability in the Company’s allowance for credit losses in future periods. When specific customers are identified as no longer sharing the same risk profile as their current pool, they are removed from the pool and evaluated separately. The Company also has long-term accounts receivable included in Other Long-term Assets. The CECL for long-term accounts receivable is estimated using the probability of default method and the default exposure due to limited historical information. The exposure of default is represented by the assets’ amortized carrying amount at the reporting date.
The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s allowance for credit losses:
						As at
						May 31, 2021
Beginning balance as of February 29, 2020								$	9
Impact of adopting ASC 326									4
Prior period recovery for expected credit losses									(3)
Ending balance of the allowance for credit loss as at February 28, 2021									10
Current period recovery for expected credit losses									(1)
Ending balance of the allowance for credit loss as at May 31, 2021								$	9
The allowance for credit losses as at May 31, 2021 consists of $2 million (February 28, 2021 - $3 million) relating to CECL estimated based on days past due and region and $7 million (February 28, 2021 - $7 million) relating to specific customers that were evaluated separately.
There was one customer that comprised more than 10% of accounts receivable as at May 31, 2021 (February 28, 2021 - one customer comprised more than 10%).
Other Current Assets
As at May 31, 2021 and February 28, 2021, other current assets included items such as the current portion of deferred commissions and prepaid expenses, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current assets balance in all periods presented.
				15

									BlackBerry Limited
										Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Property, plant and equipment comprised the following:
	As at
		May 31, 2021	February 28, 2021
Cost
			Buildings, leasehold improvements and other	$	57 $			67
			BlackBerry operations and other information technology		112			110
			Manufacturing, repair and research and development equipment		72			72
			Furniture and fixtures		10			10
			251			259
Accumulated amortization			205			211
Net book value		$	46 $			48
Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets comprised the following:
		As at May 31, 2021
		Accumulated				Net Book
					Cost	Amortization				Value
Acquired technology							$	1,023 $	730 $			293
Intellectual property								502	310			192
Other acquired intangibles								494	247			247
							$	2,019 $	1,287 $			732
		As at February 28, 2021
		Accumulated				Net Book
					Cost	Amortization				Value
Acquired technology							$	1,023 $	712 $			311
Intellectual property								498	299			199
Other acquired intangibles								494	233			261
							$	2,015 $	1,244 $			771
For the three months ended May 31, 2021, amortization expense related to intangible assets amounted to $45 million (three months ended May 31, 2020 - $45 million)
Total additions to intangible assets for three months ended May 31, 2021 amounted to $6 million (three months ended May 31, 2020 - $8 million). During the three months ended May 31, 2021, additions to intangible assets primarily consisted of payments for intellectual property relating to patent maintenance, registration and license fees.
Based on the carrying value of the identified intangible assets as at May 31, 2021, and assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, the annual amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2022 and each of the five succeeding years is expected to be as follows: fiscal 2022 - $114 million; fiscal 2023 - $118 million; fiscal 2024 - $109 million; fiscal 2025 - $102 million; fiscal 2026 - $96 million and fiscal 2027 - $88 million.
											16

						BlackBerry Limited
							Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Goodwill
Changes to the carrying amount of goodwill during the three months ended May 31, 2021 were as follows:
	Carrying Amount
Carrying amount as at February 29, 2020	$	1,437
Goodwill impairment charge (see note 3)		(594)
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill		6
Carrying amount as at February 28, 2021		849
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill		1
Carrying amount as at May 31, 2021	$	850
Other Long-term Assets
As at May 31, 2021 and February 28, 2021, other long-term assets included long-term portion of deferred commission and long-term receivables, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of total assets in any of the periods presented.
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities comprised the following:
	As at
			May 31, 2021	February 28, 2021
Accrued royalties			$	20 $	20
Operating lease liabilities, current				31	33
Other				113	125
			$	164 $	178
Other accrued liabilities include accrued vendor liabilities, accrued carrier liabilities, variable incentive accrual and payroll withholding taxes, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current liabilities balance.
Other Long-term Liabilities
Other long-term liabilities consist of the long-term portion of finance lease liabilities and non-lease component liabilities related to the Company’s previous Resource Allocation Program entered into in order to transition the Company from a legacy hardware manufacturer to a licensing driven software business.
					5.	INCOME TAXES
For the three months ended May 31, 2021, the Company’s net effective income tax expense rate was approximately 3% compared to a net effective income tax recovery rate of 1% for the three months ended May 31, 2020. The Company’s income tax rate reflects the change in unrecognized income tax benefit, if any, and the fact that the Company has a significant valuation allowance against its deferred income tax assets, and in particular, the change in fair value of the Debentures (as defined in Note 6), amongst other items, is offset by a corresponding adjustment of the valuation allowance. The Company’s net effective income tax rate also reflects the geographic mix of earnings in jurisdictions with different income tax rates.
The Company’s total unrecognized income tax benefits as at May 31, 2021 were $24 million (February 28, 2021 - $24 million). As at May 31, 2021, $22 million of the unrecognized income tax benefits have been netted against deferred income tax assets and $2 million has been recorded within income taxes payable on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
The Company is subject to ongoing examination by tax authorities in certain jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company regularly assesses the status of these examinations and the potential for adverse outcomes to determine the adequacy of the provision for income taxes as well as the provisions for indirect and other taxes and related penalties and interest. While the final resolution of audits is uncertain, the Company believes the ultimate resolution of these audits will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.
								17

							BlackBerry Limited
								Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
	In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
6.	DEBENTURES
	1.75% Convertible Debentures
	On September 1, 2020, Hamblin Watsa Investment Counsel Ltd., in its capacity as investment manager of Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited ("Fairfax") and another institutional investor invested in the Company through a $365 million private placement of new debentures (the “1.75% Debentures”), which replaced $605 million of debentures issued in a private placement on September 7, 2016 (the “3.75% Debentures”) as described below (collectively, the “Debentures”).
	Due to the conversion option and other embedded derivatives within the 1.75% Debentures, and consistent with the Company’s accounting for the 3.75% Debentures, the Company has elected to record the 1.75% Debentures, including the debt itself and all embedded derivatives, at fair value and present the 1.75% Debentures as a single hybrid financial instrument. No portion of the fair value of the 1.75% Debentures has been recorded as equity, nor would be if the embedded derivatives were bifurcated from the host debt contract.
	Each period, the fair value of the 1.75% Debentures is recalculated and resulting gains and losses from the change in fair value of the Debentures associated with non-credit components are recognized in income, while the change in fair value associated with credit components is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”). The fair value of the Debentures has been determined using the significant Level 2 inputs interest rate curves and any observable trades of the Debentures that may have occurred during the period, the market price and volatility of the Company’s listed common shares, and the significant Level 3 inputs related to credit spread and the implied discount of the 1.75% Debentures at issuance.
	The Company originally determined its credit spread by calibrating to observable trades of the 3.75% Debentures and trending the calibrated spread to valuation dates utilizing an appropriate credit index. The Company’s credit spread was determined to be 7.90% as of the issuance date of the 1.75% Debentures and 6.50% as of May 31, 2021. An increase in credit spread will result in a decrease in the fair value of 1.75% Debentures and vice versa. The fair value of the 1.75% Debentures on September 1, 2020 was determined to be approximately $456 million and the implied discount approximately $91 million. The Company determined the implied discount on the 1.75% Debentures by calculating the fair value of the 1.75% Debentures on September 1, 2020 utilizing the above credit spread and other inputs described above.
	The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the 1.75% Debentures for the three months ended May 31, 2021, which also represents the total changes through earnings of items classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:
		As at
		May 31, 2021
	Balance as at February 28, 2021		$	720
	Change in fair value of the Debentures			(5)
	Balance as at May 31, 2021		$	715
	The difference between the fair value of the 1.75% Debentures and the unpaid principal balance of $365 million is $350 million.
	The following table shows the impact of the changes in fair value of the 1.75% Debentures for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020:
					Three Months Ended
					May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
	Income associated with the change in fair value from non-credit components recorded in the
	consolidated statements of operations					$	4 $	—
	Income associated with the change in fair value from instrument-specific credit components
	recorded in AOCL						1	—
	Total decrease in the fair value of the 1.75% Debentures					$	5 $	—
	For the three months ended May 31, 2021, the Company recorded interest expense related to the Debentures of $2 million, which has been included in investment loss, net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (three months ended May 31, 2020 - $6 million).
									18

							BlackBerry Limited
								Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Fairfax, a related party under U.S. GAAP due to its beneficial ownership of common shares in the Company after taking into account potential conversion of the Debentures, owned $500 million principal amount of the 3.75% Debentures and purchased $330 million principal amount of the 1.75% Debentures. As such, the redemption of Fairfax’s portion of the 3.75% Debentures, the investment by Fairfax in the 1.75% Debentures and the payment of interest on the Debentures represent related party transactions. Fairfax receives interest at the same rate as other holders of the Debentures.
3.75% Convertible Debentures
On September 7, 2016, Fairfax and other institutional investors invested in the Company through a $605 million private placement of the 3.75% Debentures.
On July 22, 2020, the Company announced that, with the required approval of the holders of the 3.75% Debentures, it would redeem the 3.75% Debentures for a redemption amount of approximately $615 million (the “Redemption Amount”), which would settle all outstanding obligations of the Company in respect of the 3.75% Debentures. The redemption was completed on September 1, 2020. As the Redemption Amount represented fair value at August 31, 2020 and the Company elected the fair value option for the 3.75% Debentures, the impact to the consolidated statements of operations of the redemption on the fair value was recorded in the second quarter of fiscal 2021.
The following table shows the impact of the changes in fair value of the 3.75% Debentures for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020:
	Three Months Ended
	May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
Charge associated with the change in fair value from non-credit components recorded in the
consolidated statements of operations			$	— $	(1)
Income associated with the change in fair value from instrument-specific credit components
recorded in AOCL				—	8
Total decrease in the fair value of the 3.75% Debentures			$	— $	7
						7.	CAPITAL STOCK
The following details the changes in issued and outstanding common shares for the three months ended May 31, 2021:
	Capital Stock and
	Additional Paid-in Capital
	Stock
	Outstanding
	(000s)	Amount
Common shares outstanding as at February 28, 2021				565,505 $				2,823
Exercise of stock options				132				1
Common shares issued for restricted share unit settlements				232				—
Stock-based compensation				—	7
Common shares issued for employee share purchase plan				379				3
Common shares outstanding as at May 31, 2021				566,248 $				2,834
The Company had 566 million voting common shares outstanding, 1 million options to purchase voting common shares, 20 million RSUs and 1 million DSUs outstanding as at June 22, 2021. In addition, 60.8 million common shares are issuable upon conversion in full of the 1.75% Debentures as described in Note 6.
									19

						BlackBerry Limited
							Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
	In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
8.	LOSS PER SHARE
	The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:
		Three Months Ended
			May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
	Net loss for basic and diluted loss per share available to common shareholders (1)		$	(62) $		(636)
	Weighted average number of shares outstanding (000’s) - basic and diluted (1) (2) (3)			567,358		557,839
	Loss per share - reported
	Basic		$	(0.11) $		(1.14)
	Diluted		$	(0.11) $		(1.14)
	______________________________
	(1) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of the Debentures using the if-converted method in the calculation
	of diluted loss per share for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020, as to do so would be antidilutive. See Note 6 for details on the Debentures.
	(2) The three months ended May 31, 2021, includes approximately 1,421,945 common shares (Exchange Shares)
	remaining to be issued on the third anniversary date of the Cylance acquisition completed on February 21, 2019, in consideration for the acquisition. The three months ended May 31, 2020, includes approximately 2,802,067 common shares to be issued in equal installments on the two anniversary dates of the Cylance acquisition thereafter, in consideration for the acquisition. There are no service or other requirements associated with the issuance of these shares.
	(3) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of in-the-money options and RSUs that will be settled upon vesting
	by the issuance of new common shares in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended May 31, 2021, and three months ended May 31, 2020, as to do so would be antidilutive.
9.	ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
	The changes in AOCL by component net of tax, for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 were as follows:
					As At
			May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
	Cash Flow HedgesBalance, beginning of period
			$		1 $	(1)
	Other comprehensive income before reclassification				2	(2)
	Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss			(1)		1
	Accumulated net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as
	cash flow hedges		$		2 $	(2)
	Foreign Currency Cumulative Translation AdjustmentBalance, beginning of period
			$	(4) $		(9)
	Other comprehensive income before reclassification				1	1
	Foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment		$	(3) $		(8)
	Change in Fair Value From Instrument-Specific Credit Risk On DebenturesBalance, beginning of period
			$	(9) $		(22)
	Other comprehensive income before reclassification				1	7
	Change in fair value from instruments-specific credit risk on Debentures		$	(8) $		(15)
	Other Post-Employment Benefit ObligationsActuarial losses associated with other post-employment benefit obligations
			$	(1) $		(1)
	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, End of Period		$	(10) $		(26)
								20

		BlackBerry Limited
			Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
	In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
(a) Letters of Credit
	The Company had $29 million in collateralized outstanding letters of credit in support of certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business as of May 31, 2021. See the discussion of restricted cash in Note 3.
(b) Contingencies
	Litigation
	The Company is involved in litigation in the normal course of its business, both as a defendant and as a plaintiff. The Company is subject to a variety of claims (including claims related to patent infringement, purported class actions and other claims in the normal course of business) and may be subject to additional claims either directly or through indemnities against claims that it provides to certain of its partners and customers. In particular, the industry in which the Company competes has many participants that own, or claim to own, intellectual property, including participants that have been issued patents and may have filed patent applications or may obtain additional patents and proprietary rights for technologies similar to those used by the Company in its products. The Company has received, and may receive in the future, assertions and claims from third parties that the Company’s products infringe on their patents or other intellectual property rights. Litigation has been, and will likely continue to be, necessary to determine the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish the Company’s proprietary rights. Regardless of whether claims against the Company have merit, those claims could be time-consuming to evaluate and defend, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources and subject the Company to significant liabilities.
	Management reviews all of the relevant facts for each claim and applies judgment in evaluating the likelihood and, if applicable, the amount of any potential loss. Where a potential loss is considered probable and the amount is reasonably estimable, provisions for loss are made based on management’s assessment of the likely outcome. Where a range of loss can be reasonably estimated with no best estimate in the range, the Company records the minimum amount in the range. The Company does not provide for claims for which the outcome is not determinable or claims for which the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated. Any settlements or awards under such claims are provided for when reasonably determinable.
	As of May 31, 2021, there are no material claims outstanding for which the Company has assessed the potential loss as both probable to result and reasonably estimable; therefore, no accrual has been made. Further, there are claims outstanding for which the Company has assessed the potential loss as reasonably possible to result; however, an estimate of the amount of loss cannot reasonably be made. There are many reasons that the Company cannot make these assessments, including, among others, one or more of the following: the early stages of a proceeding does not require the claimant to specifically identify the patent claims that have allegedly been infringed or the products that are alleged to infringe; damages sought are unspecified, unsupportable, unexplained or uncertain; discovery has not been started or is incomplete; the facts that are in dispute are highly complex (e.g., once a patent is identified, the analysis of the patent and a comparison to the activities of the Company is a labour-intensive and highly technical process); the difficulty of assessing novel claims; the parties have not engaged in any meaningful settlement discussions; the possibility that other parties may share in any ultimate liability; and the often slow pace of litigation.
	The Company has included the following summaries of certain of its legal proceedings though they do not meet the test for accrual described above.
	Between October and December 2013, several purported class action lawsuits and one individual lawsuit were filed against the Company and certain of its former officers in various jurisdictions in the U.S. and Canada alleging that the Company and certain of its officers made materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s financial condition and business prospects and that certain of the Company’s financial statements contain material misstatements. The individual lawsuit was voluntarily dismissed.
	On March 14, 2014, the four putative U.S. class actions were consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, and on May 27, 2014, a consolidated amended class action complaint was filed. On March 13, 2015, the Court issued an order granting the Company’s motion to dismiss. The Court denied the plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration and for leave to file an amended complaint on November 13, 2015. On August 24, 2016, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the District Court order dismissing the complaint, but vacated the order denying leave to amend and remanded to the District Court for further proceedings in connection with the plaintiffs’ request for leave to amend. The Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion for leave to amend on September 13, 2017. On September 29,
				21

	BlackBerry Limited
		Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
2017, the plaintiffs filed a second consolidated amended class action complaint (the “Second Amended Complaint”), which added the Company’s former Chief Legal Officer as a defendant. The Court denied the motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint on March 19, 2018. On January 4, 2019, the Court issued an order placing the case on its suspense calendar but allowed fact and expert discovery to continue. On August 2, 2019, the Magistrate Judge issued a Report and Recommendation that the Court grant the defendants’ motion for judgment on the pleadings dismissing the claims of additional plaintiffs Cho and Ulug. On September 24, 2019, the District Court Judge accepted the Magistrate Judge’s recommendation and dismissed the claims of Cho and Ulug against all defendants. On October 17, 2019, Cho and Ulug filed a Notice of Appeal. The District Court removed the case from its suspense calendar on May 29, 2020. Plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification on June 8, 2020, the defendants filed oppositions on August 10, 2020, and the plaintiffs filed a reply on September 28, 2020. All discovery was completed as of November 13, 2020. On January 26, 2021, the District Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion for class certification. On February 9, 2021, the defendants filed a Rule 23(f) petition for interlocutory review of the class certification order with the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals denied the Rule 23(f) petition on June 23, 2021. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court judgment dismissing Cho and Ulug’s claims on March 11, 2021, and denied Cho and Ulug’s petition for panel rehearing and rehearing en banc on April 28, 2021.On April 19, 2021, Defendants filed a motion for summary judgment, and both parties filed Daubert motions to exclude the testimony of the oppositions’ marketing and accounting experts. Both sides filed oppositions to these motions on June 21, 2021; reply briefs are due July 19, 2021. On May 5, 2021, the parties participated in a mediation with the Hon. Layn Phillips (ret.), which did not result in an agreement. On May 11, 2021, the Magistrate Judge granted the parties’ joint request to adjourn the settlement conference previously scheduled for May 19, 2021.
On July 23, 2014, the plaintiffs in the putative Ontario class action filed a motion for certification and leave to pursue statutory misrepresentation claims. On November 16, 2015, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice issued an order granting the plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file a statutory claim for misrepresentation. On December 2, 2015, the Company filed a notice of motion seeking leave to appeal this ruling. On January 22, 2016, the Court postponed the hearing on the plaintiffs’ certification motion to an undetermined date after asking the Company to file a motion to dismiss the claims of the U.S. plaintiffs for forum non conveniens. Before that motion was heard, the parties agreed to limit the class to purchasers who reside in Canada or purchased on the Toronto Stock Exchange. On November 15, 2018, the Court denied the Company’s motion for leave to appeal the order granting the plaintiffs leave to file a statutory claim for misrepresentation. On February 5, 2019, the Court entered an order certifying a class comprised persons (a) who purchased BlackBerry common shares between March 28, 2013, and September 20, 2013, and still held at least some of those shares as of September 20, 2013, and (b) who acquired those shares on a Canadian stock exchange or acquired those shares on any other stock exchange and were a resident of Canada when the shares were acquired. Notice of class certification was published on March 6, 2019. The Company filed its Statement of Defence on April 1, 2019, and discovery is proceeding.
On February 15, 2017, a putative employment class action was filed against the Company in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. The Statement of Claim alleges that actions the Company took when certain of its employees decided to accept offers of employment from Ford Motor Company of Canada amounted to a wrongful termination of the employees’ employment with the Company. The claim seeks (i) an unspecified quantum of statutory, contractual, or common law termination entitlements; (ii) punitive or breach of duty of good faith damages of CAD$20,000,000, or such other amount as the Court finds appropriate, (iii) pre- and post- judgment interest, (iv) attorneys’ fees and costs, and (v) such other relief as the Court deems just. The Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion to certify the class action on May 27, 2019. The Company commenced a motion for leave to appeal the certification order on June 11, 2019. The Court denied the motion for leave to appeal on September 17, 2019. The Company filed its Statement of Defence on December 19, 2019, and discovery is proceeding.
Other contingencies
In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the Board approved a compensation package for the Company’s Executive Chair and CEO as an incentive to remain as Executive Chair until November 23, 2023. As part of the package, the Company’s Executive Chair and CEO is entitled to receive a contingent performance-based cash award in the amount of $90 million that will become earned and payable should the 10-day average closing price of the Company’s common shares on the New York Stock Exchange reach $30 before November 3, 2023. As the award is triggered by the Company’s share price, it is considered stock-based compensation and accounted for as a share-based liability award. As at May 31, 2021, the liability recorded in association with this award is approximately $8 million (February 28, 2021 - $8 million).
As at May 31, 2021, the Company has received $16 million (February 28, 2021 - $15 million) in funds from claims filed with the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada relating to its Strategic Innovation Fund
			22

		BlackBerry Limited
			Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
program’s investment in BlackBerry QNX. A portion of this amount may be repayable in the future under certain circumstances if certain terms and conditions are not met by the Company, which is not probable at this time.
	(c)	Concentrations in Certain Areas of the Company’s Business
The Company attempts to ensure that most components essential to the Company’s business are generally available from multiple sources; however, certain components are currently obtained from limited sources within a competitive market, which subjects the Company to supply, availability and pricing risks. The Company has also entered into various agreements for the supply of components, and the manufacturing of its products; however, there can be no guarantee that the Company will be able to extend or renew these agreements on similar terms, or at all. Therefore, the Company remains subject to risks of supply shortages.
	(d) Indemnifications
The Company enters into certain agreements that contain indemnification provisions under which the Company could be subject to costs and damages, including in the event of an infringement claim against the Company or an indemnified third party. Such intellectual property infringement indemnification clauses are generally not subject to any dollar limits and remain in effect for the term of the Company’s agreements. To date, the Company has not encountered material costs as a result of such indemnifications.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its current and former directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, the Company agreed, subject to applicable law, to indemnify its current and former directors and executive officers against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by such individuals in respect of any civil, criminal or administrative action that could arise by reason of their status as directors or officers. The Company maintains liability insurance coverage for the benefit of the Company, and its current and former directors and executive officers. The Company has not encountered material costs as a result of such indemnifications in the current period.
	11. REVENUE AND SEGMENT DISCLOSURES
The Company reports segment information based on the “management” approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by the CODM for making decisions and assessing performance as a source of the Company’s reportable operating segments. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the CODM, who is the Executive Chair and CEO of the Company, began making decisions and assessing the performance of the Company using three operating segments, whereas the CODM previously made decisions and assessed the performance of the Company as a single operating segment.
The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using discrete asset information. The Company does not specifically allocate assets to operating segments for internal reporting purposes.
Segment Disclosures
The Company is now organized and managed as three operating segments: Cyber Security, IoT, and Licensing and Other. Prior year information has been restated to conform to the current year presentation of the Company’s segment information.
The following table shows information by operating segment for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020:
				23

										BlackBerry Limited
		Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
	For the Three Months Ended
		Cyber Security	IoT	Licensing and Other	Segment Totals
		May 31,		May 31,	May 31,	May 31,		May 31,				May 31,	May 31,			May 31,
		2021		2020	2021	2020		2021				2020	2021			2020
Segment revenue		$	107 $		119 $	43 $								29 $	24 $				58 $	174 $			206
Segment cost of sales			46								47	7						6		6	8	59				61
Segment gross margin (1) $		61 $								72 $	36 $						23 $	18 $					50 $	115 $	145
______________________________
(1) A reconciliation of total segment gross margin to consolidated totals is set forth below.
Cyber Security includes revenue from the Company’s BlackBerry Spark® software platform, BlackBerry® AtHoc, BlackBerry® Alert and SecuSUITE. The BlackBerry Spark platform is a comprehensive offering of security software products and services, including the BlackBerry Spark® Unified Endpoint Security Suite and the BlackBerry Spark® Unified Endpoint Management (“UEM”) Suite, which are also marketed together as the BlackBerry Spark® Suites, offering the Company’s broadest range of tailored cybersecurity and endpoint management options. The BlackBerry Spark UES Suite includes revenue from the Company’s Cylance® artificial intelligence and machine learning-based platform consisting of BlackBerry® Protect, BlackBerry® Optics, BlackBerry® Persona, BlackBerry® Guard managed services and other cybersecurity applications. In addition, the Company offers the BlackBerry Cyber Suite, a UEM-agnostic version of its BlackBerry Spark UES Suite. The BlackBerry Spark UEM Suite includes the Company’s BlackBerry® UEM, BlackBerry® Dynamics™, and BlackBerry® Workspaces solutions. Cyber Security revenue is generated predominantly through software licenses, commonly bundled with support, maintenance and professional services.
IoT includes revenue from BlackBerry QNX®, BlackBerry Certicom®, BlackBerry Radar®, BlackBerry IVY™ and other IoT applications. IoT revenue is generated predominantly through software licenses, commonly bundled with support, maintenance and professional services.
Licensing and Other includes revenue from the Company’s intellectual property arrangements and settlement awards. Other includes revenue associated with the Company’s legacy service access fees (“SAF”) business.
The following table reconciles total segment gross margin for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 to the Company’s consolidated totals:
									Three Months Ended
						May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
Total segment gross margin						$			115	$				145
Adjustments (1):
Less: Cost of sales									1								2
Less:
Research & development									57								57
Selling, marketing and administration									73								90
Amortization									46								46
Impairment of goodwill									—					594
Debenture fair value adjustment									(4)								1
Investment loss, net									2								—
Consolidated loss before income taxes						$			(60)	$				(645)
______________________________
(1) The CODM reviews segment information on an adjusted basis, which excludes certain amounts as described below:
													Stock compensation expenses - Equity compensation is a non-cash expense and does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company’s management.
					24

							BlackBerry Limited
								Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Revenue
The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers based on geographical regions, timing of revenue recognition, and the major product and service types, as discussed above in “Segment Disclosures”.
The Company’s revenue, classified by major geographic region in which the Company’s customers are located, was as follows:
	Three Months Ended
		May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
North America (1)		$	111		$	150
Europe, Middle East and Africa			45			41
Other regions			18			15
Total		$	174		$	206
North America (1)	63.8 %			72.8 %
Europe, Middle East and Africa	25.9 %			19.9 %
Other regions	10.3 %			7.3 %
Total	100.0 %			100.0 %
______________________________
(1) North America includes all revenue from the Company’s intellectual property arrangements, due to the global
applicability of the patent portfolio and licensing arrangements thereof.
Revenue, classified by timing of recognition, was as follows:
	Three Months Ended
		May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
Products and services transferred over time		$	107 $			116
Products and services transferred at a point in time			67			90
Total		$	174 $			206
Revenue contract balances
The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s revenue contract balances for the three months ended May 31, 2021:
					Accounts	Deferred		Deferred
					Receivable	Revenue		Commissions
Opening balance as at February 28, 2021					$	188 $				294 $	21
Increases due to invoicing of new or existing contracts, associated
contract acquisition costs, or other						153				118	5
Decrease due to payment, fulfillment of performance obligations, or
other						(181)				(147)	(6)
Decrease, net						(28)				(29)	(1)
Closing balance as at May 31, 2021					$	160 $				265 $	20
									25

BlackBerry Limited

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

The table below discloses the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as at May 31, 2021 and the time frame in which the Company expects to recognize this revenue. The disclosure includes estimates of variable consideration, except when the variable consideration is a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property.

As at May 31, 2021

Less than 12

Months

12 to 24 Months

Thereafter

Total

Remaining performance obligations

217 $

54 $

19 $

290

Revenue recognized for performance obligations satisfied in prior periods

For the three months ended May 31, 2021, no revenue was recognized for performance obligations satisfied in a prior period (three months ended May 31, 2020 - nil).

Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, operating lease ROU assets and goodwill, classified by geographic region in which the Company’s assets are located, were as follows:

As at

May 31, 2021

February 28, 2021

Property, Plant and

Equipment, Intangible

Assets, Operating

Lease ROU Assets and

Goodwill

Total Assets

Goodwill

Total Assets

Canada

270 $

493 $

289 $

504

United States

1,387

1,903

1,411

1,963

Other

325

351

1,687 $

2,721 $

1,731 $

2,818

Information About Major Customers

There was no customer that comprised more than 10% of the Company’s revenue in the three months ended May 31, 2021 (three months ended May 31, 2020 - one customer that comprised 26% of the Company’s revenue).

12. CASH FLOW AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

(a) Certain consolidated statements of cash flow information related to interest and income taxes paid is summarized as

follows:

Three Months Ended

May 31, 2021

May 31, 2020

Interest paid during the period

2 $

Income taxes paid during the period

—

Income tax refunds received during the period

(b) Additional Information

Foreign exchange

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk as a result of transactions in currencies other than its functional currency, the U.S. dollar. The majority of the Company’s revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 was transacted in U.S. dollars. Portions of the revenue were denominated in Canadian dollars, euros and British pounds. Other expenses, consisting mainly of salaries and certain other operating costs, were incurred primarily in Canadian dollars, but were also incurred in U.S. dollars, euros and British pounds. At May 31, 2021, approximately 12% of cash and cash equivalents, 20% of accounts receivable and 52% of accounts payable were denominated in foreign currencies (February 28, 2021 – 20%, 25% and 34%, respectively). These foreign currencies primarily include the Canadian dollar, euro and British

	BlackBerry Limited
		Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
pound. As part of its risk management strategy, the Company maintains net monetary asset and/or liability balances in foreign currencies and engages in foreign currency hedging activities using derivative financial instruments, including currency forward contracts and currency options. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes.
Interest rate risk
Cash and cash equivalents and investments are invested in certain instruments of varying maturities. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of holding investments of varying maturities. The fair value of investments, as well as the investment income derived from the investment portfolio, will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. The Company has also issued Debentures with a fixed interest rate, as described in Note 6. The fair value of the Debentures will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of the Debentures. The Company does not currently utilize interest rate derivative instruments to hedge its investment portfolio or changes in the market value of the Debentures.
Credit risk
The Company is exposed to market and credit risk on its investment portfolio. The Company reduces this risk by investing in liquid, investment-grade securities and by limiting exposure to any one entity or group of related entities. As at May 31, 2021, no single issuer represented more than 13% of the total cash, cash equivalents and investments (February 28, 2021 - no single issuer represented more than 13% of the total cash, cash equivalents and investments), representing cash balances at one of the Company’s banking counterparties.
Liquidity risk
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments were approximately $769 million as at May 31, 2021. The Company’s management remains focused on efficiently managing working capital balances and managing the liquidity needs of the business. Based on its current financial projections, the Company believes its financial resources, together with expected future operating cash generating and operating expense reduction activities and access to other potential financing arrangements, should be sufficient to meet funding requirements for current financial commitments and future operating expenditures not yet committed, and should provide the necessary financial capacity for the foreseeable future.
Government subsidies
During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, the Government of Canada announced the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (“CEWS”) for Canadian employers whose businesses were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, initially running for a thirty-six week period between March and November 2020. The program was subsequently extended to June 2021 and the Government of Canada has proposed plans for an additional extension to September 2021. The CEWS provides a subsidy of up to 75% of eligible employees’ employment insurable remuneration, subject to certain criteria. The proposed extension would also include a gradual decrease to the subsidy rate. The Company applied for the CEWS to the extent it met the requirements to receive the subsidy and during the three months ended May 31, 2021, recorded $15 million in government subsidies as a reduction to operating expenses in the consolidated statement of operations (May 31, 2020 - $9 million) .
			27


ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read together with the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) of BlackBerry Limited for the three months ended May 31, 2021, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and MD&A for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021 (the “Annual MD&A”). The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). All financial information in this MD&A is presented in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated.
Additional information about the Company, which is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021 (the “Annual Report”), can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This MD&A contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of certain securities laws, including under the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities laws, including statements relating to:
•	the Company’s plans, strategies and objectives, including its intentions to increase and enhance its product and service offerings;
•	the Company’s expectations with respect to its revenue in fiscal 2022 and with respect to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition on a consolidated basis, including its liquidity position;
•	the Company’s estimates of purchase obligations and other contractual commitments; and
•	the Company’s expectations with respect to the sufficiency of its financial resources.
The words “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “intend”, “believe”, “target”, “plan” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements in this MD&A, including in the sections entitled “Business Overview - Strategy”, “Business Overview - COVID-19”, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures - Key Metrics”, “Results of Operations - Three months ended May 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended May 31, 2020 - Revenue - Revenue by Segment” and “Financial Condition - Debenture Financing and Other Funding Sources”. Forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions made by the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that the Company believes are appropriate in the circumstances, including but not limited to, the Company’s expectations regarding its business, strategy, opportunities and prospects, the launch of new products and services, general economic conditions, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, competition, and the Company’s expectations regarding its financial performance. Many factors could cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report.
All of these factors should be considered carefully, and readers should not place undue reliance on the Company’s forward-looking statements. Any statements that are forward-looking statements are intended to enable the Company’s shareholders to view the anticipated performance and prospects of the Company from management’s perspective at the time such statements are made, and they are subject to the risks that are inherent in all forward-looking statements, as described above, as well as difficulties in forecasting the Company’s financial results and performance for future periods, particularly over longer periods, given changes in technology and the Company’s business strategy, evolving industry standards, intense competition and short product life cycles that characterize the industries in which the Company operates. See the “Strategy” subsection in Part I, Item 1 “Business” of the Annual Report.
The Company has no intention and undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Business Overview
The Company provides intelligent security software and services to enterprises and governments around the world. The Company secures more than 500 million endpoints including more than 195 million vehicles. Based in Waterloo, Ontario, the Company leverages artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning to deliver innovative solutions in the areas of cybersecurity, safety and data privacy, and is a leader in the areas of endpoint security, endpoint management, encryption, and embedded systems.
		28


Strategy
The Company is widely recognized for its intelligent security software and services and believes that it delivers the broadest set of security capabilities in the market to connect, protect and manage IoT endpoints. The Company leverages its extensive technology portfolio to offer best-in-class cybersecurity, safety and reliability to enterprise customers in government, regulated and other core industries, as well as to original equipment manufacturers in automotive, medical, industrial and other verticals.
The Company’s goal is to offer smarter security solutions that are more effective, require fewer resources to support and produce a better return on investment for customers than competing offerings. To achieve this vision, the Company continues to extend the functionality of its AI-focused BlackBerry Spark® software platform and safety-certified QNX Neutrino® real time operating system, and is commercializing its new BlackBerry IVY™ intelligent vehicle data platform..
The Company’s go-to-market strategy is focused on generating revenue from enterprise software, services and licensing as well as from embedded software designs with leading OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers. The Company intends to drive revenue growth and to achieve margins that are consistent with those of other enterprise software companies.
Products and Services
The Company has multiple products and services from which it derives revenue, which are structured in three groups: Cyber Security, IoT (collectively with Cyber Security, “Software & Services”) and Licensing and Other.
Cyber Security
The Cyber Security business consists of BlackBerry Spark, BlackBerry® AtHoc®, BlackBerry Alert and SecuSUITE.
The Company’s core secure software and services offering is its BlackBerry Spark software platform, which integrates a unified endpoint security (“UES”) layer with BlackBerry unified endpoint management (“UEM”) to enable secure endpoint communications in a zero trust environment. BlackBerry UES is a set of complementary cybersecurity products offering endpoint protection platform (“EPP”), endpoint detection and response (“EDR”), mobile threat defense (“MTD”), zero-trust network access (“ZTNA”), and user and entity behavior analytics (“UEBA”) capabilities. The BlackBerry Spark platform is informed by the Company’s AI and machine learning capabilities, continuous innovations, professional cybersecurity services, industry partnerships and academic collaborations. The Company is currently executing on a robust schedule of product launches for BlackBerry Spark to deliver on the Company’s extended detection and response (“XDR”) strategy, which aims to use security telemetry data from the platform’s full range of natively-integrated products to provide deep contextual insights for more powerful threat detection and response. This comprehensive security strategy for BlackBerry Spark is designed to operate on a single agent across all endpoints, to be administered from a single console, to leverage a single crowd-sourced threat data lake and to be managed in one cloud environment. BlackBerry Spark solutions are available through the BlackBerry Spark® Unified Endpoint Security Suite and the BlackBerry Spark® Unified Endpoint Management Suite, which are also marketed together as the BlackBerry Spark® Suites, offering the Company’s most comprehensive range of tailored cybersecurity and endpoint management options.
The BlackBerry Spark UES Suite offers leading Cylance® AI and machine learning-based cybersecurity solutions, including: BlackBerry® Protect, an EPP and available MTD solution that uses machine learning to prevent suspicious behavior and the execution of malicious code on an endpoint; BlackBerry® Optics, an EDR solution that provides both visibility into and prevention of malicious activity on an endpoint; BlackBerry® Guard, a managed detection and response solution that provides 24/7 threat hunting and monitoring; BlackBerry® Gateway, a cloud-native ZTNA solution that monitors suspicious network activity; and BlackBerry® Persona, a UEBA solution that provides continuous authentication by validating user identity in real time. The combined platform features industry-leading threat prevention modules to help organizations cope with the significant growth of cyberattacks. The Company also offers incident response, compromised assessment and containment services to assist clients with forensic analysis, state of existing systems and remediation of attacks.
In addition, the Company offers the BlackBerry Cyber Suite, a UEM-agnostic version of its BlackBerry Spark® UES Suite which organizations will be able to integrate with UEM software from other leading vendors.
The BlackBerry Spark UEM Suite includes the Company’s BlackBerry® UEM, BlackBerry® Dynamics™ and BlackBerry® Workspaces solutions. BlackBerry UEM is a central software component of the Company’s secure communications platform, offering a “single pane of glass”, or unified console view, for managing and securing devices, applications, identity, content and endpoints across all leading operating systems. BlackBerry Dynamics offers a best-in-class development platform and secure container for mobile applications, including the Company’s own enterprise applications such as BlackBerry® Work and BlackBerry® Connect for secure collaboration.
The Company also offers the BlackBerry® Spark SDK to promote the evolution of a platform ecosystem by enabling enterprise and independent software vendor (“ISV”) developers to integrate the security features of BlackBerry Spark into their own mobile and web applications.
	29


BlackBerry AtHoc and BlackBerry Alert are secure critical event management solutions that enable people, devices and organizations to exchange critical information in real time during business continuity and life safety operations. The platforms securely connect with a diverse set of endpoints to distribute emergency mass notifications, improve personnel accountability and facilitate the bidirectional collection and sharing of data within and between organizations. BlackBerry AtHoc serves the requirements of the public sector market while BlackBerry Alert targets the commercial sector.
SecuSUITE® for Government is a certified, multi-OS voice and text messaging solution with advanced encryption, anti-eavesdropping and continuous authentication capabilities, providing a maximum level of security on conventional mobile devices for public authorities and businesses.
IoT
The IoT business consists of BlackBerry Technology Solutions (“BTS”) and BlackBerry IVY.
The principal component of BTS is BlackBerry QNX, a global provider of real-time operating systems, hypervisors, middleware, development tools, and professional services for connected embedded systems in the automotive, medical, industrial automation and other markets. A recognized leader in automotive software, BlackBerry QNX offers a growing portfolio of safety-certified, secure and reliable platform solutions and is focused on achieving design wins with automotive original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), Tier 1 vendors and automotive semiconductor suppliers. These solutions include the Neutrino® operating system and the BlackBerry QNX® CAR platform, the most advanced embedded software platform for the autonomous vehicle market, as well as other products designed to alleviate the challenges of compliance with ISO 26262, the automotive industry’s functional safety standard. Additionally, the Company’s secure automotive over-the-air software update management service allows OEMs to manage the life cycle of the software and security in their vehicles.
The Company entered into an agreement with Amazon Web Services, Inc. (“AWS”) to develop and market BlackBerry IVY, an intelligent vehicle data platform leveraging BlackBerry QNX’s automotive capabilities. BlackBerry IVY will allow automakers to safely access a vehicle’s sensor data, normalize it, and apply machine learning to generate and share predictive insights and inferences. Automakers and developers will be able to use this information to create responsive in-vehicle services that enhance driver and passenger experiences. BlackBerry IVY will support multiple vehicle operating systems and multi-cloud deployments in order to ensure compatibility across vehicle models and brands. The Company expects to release an early access version of BlackBerry IVY in October 2021, followed by a commercial release in February 2022 with installations of BlackBerry IVY to begin in 2023 model year vehicles.
BlackBerry QNX is also a preferred supplier of embedded systems for companies building medical devices, train-control systems, industrial robots, hardware security modules, building automation systems, green energy solutions, and other mission-critical applications.
In addition to BlackBerry QNX, BTS includes BlackBerry Certicom® cryptography and key management products, the BlackBerry Radar® asset monitoring solution, and BlackBerry Jarvis™.
BlackBerry Certicom leverages patented elliptic curve cryptography to provide device security, anti-counterfeiting and product authentication solutions. BlackBerry Certicom’s offerings include its managed public key infrastructure (“PKI”) platform, key management and provisioning technology that helps customers to protect the integrity of their silicon chips and devices from the point of manufacturing through the device life cycle. BlackBerry Certicom’s secure key provisioning, code signing and security credential management system services protect next-generation connected cars, critical infrastructure and IoT deployments from product counterfeiting, re-manufacturing and unauthorized network access.
BlackBerry Radar is a family of asset monitoring and telematics solutions for the transportation and logistics industry. The BlackBerry Radar solution includes devices and secure cloud-based dashboards for tracking containers, trailers, chassis, flatbeds and heavy machinery, for reporting locations and sensor data, and for enabling custom alerts and fleet management analytics.
BlackBerry Jarvis is a cloud-based binary static application security testing platform that identifies vulnerabilities in deployed binary software used in automobiles and other embedded applications, and BlackBerry Messenger (BBM®) Enterprise is an enterprise-grade secure instant messaging solution for messaging, voice and video.
The BlackBerry Spark and IoT groups are both complemented by the enterprise and cybersecurity consulting services offered by the Company’s BlackBerry® Professional Services business. BlackBerry Professional Services provides platform-agnostic strategies to address mobility-based challenges, providing expert deployment support, end-to-end delivery (from system design to user training), application consulting, and experienced project management. The Company’s cybersecurity consulting services and tools, combined with its other security solutions, help customers identify the latest cybersecurity threats, test for vulnerabilities, develop risk-appropriate mitigations, maintain IT security standards and techniques, and defend against the risk of future attacks.
	30


Licensing and Other
Licensing and Other consists primarily of the Company’s patent licensing business and legacy service access fees (“SAF”).
The Company’s Licensing business is responsible for the management and monetization of the Company’s global patent portfolio. The patent portfolio continues to provide a competitive advantage in the Company’s core product areas as well as providing leverage in the development of future technologies and licensing programs in both core and adjacent vertical markets. The Company owns rights to an array of patented and patent pending technologies which include, but are not limited to, operating systems, networking infrastructure, acoustics, messaging, enterprise software, automotive subsystems, cybersecurity, cryptography and wireless communications.
In addition, in recent years, the Company has licensed its device security software and service suite and related brand assets to outsourcing partners who design, manufacture, market and provide customer support for BlackBerry-branded handsets featuring the Company’s secure Android™ software. The Company also entered into licensing arrangements with manufacturers of other devices with embedded BlackBerry cybersecurity technology.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company entered into exclusive negotiations with a North American entity for the potential sale of a portion of the patent portfolio relating primarily to non-core or legacy mobile devices, messaging and wireless networking technologies. The Company expects to retain rights to use these patents if a transaction is completed and does not intend to sell patents associated with the Company’s current Software and Services business. Negotiations are ongoing and there can be no assurance that the Company will reach a definitive agreement or that a transaction will be consummated.
The Company’s Other business generates revenue from SAF charged to subscribers using the Company’s legacy BlackBerry 7 and prior BlackBerry operating systems.
Recent Developments
The Company continued to execute on its strategy in fiscal 2022 and announced the following achievements:
Products and Innovation:
•	Launched BlackBerry Optics 3.0, the Company’s next-generation cloud-based EDR solution and BlackBerry Gateway, the Company’s first AI-empowered ZTNA product;
•	Announced that Frost & Sullivan named BlackBerry IVY an industry-leading cloud software platform for automakers and smart cities;
•	Announced that BlackBerry AtHoc won the Frost & Sullivan 2021 Technology Innovation Leadership Award for safe city solutions; and
•	Announced that Frost & Sullivan named BlackBerry an innovator in its US Healthcare Cybersecurity Market report.
Customers and Partners:
•	Announced that BlackBerry QNX software is embedded in over 195 million vehicles;
•	Announced that Volvo Group has selected BlackBerry QNX for its Dynamic Software Platform;
•	Announced that WM Motor has chosen BlackBerry QNX technologies to power its W6 all-electric SUV;
•	Announced that the QNX Neutrino operating system has been adopted in a new digital LCD cluster jointly developed with BiTech Automotive (Wuhu) Co., Ltd. for Changan Automobile’s new SUV, the UNI-K;
•	Launched the BlackBerry IVY Advisory Council to help shape and advise the BlackBerry IVY application development community and drive use case generation;
•	Announced that the Government of Canada has selected BlackBerry for their secure productivity and secure communications needs;
•	Announced that BlackBerry and IBM Canada have established a new partnership to bring BlackBerry’s industry leading BlackBerry Spark platform to organizations across Canada;
•	Announced BlackBerry QNX and Carleton University have joined forces in a $21 million partnership to train next generation of software engineers; and
•	Announced that BlackBerry and the University of Waterloo have expanded their partnership to create a new joint innovation program.
Environmental, Sustainability and Corporate Governance:
•	Promoted President Tom Eacobacci to BlackBerry President and Chief Operating Officer;
•	Appointed Mattias Eriksson as President and General Manager of IoT; and
•	Announced that the Company was named one of Canada’s Greenest Employers for sixth year in a row.
		31


Segment Reporting
As disclosed in Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company reports segment information based on the “management” approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for making decisions and assessing performance as a source of the Company’s reportable operating segments. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company internally reorganized and, as a result, the CODM, who is the Executive Chair and CEO of the Company, began making decisions and assessing the performance of the Company using three operating segments, whereas the Company was previously a single operating segment.
COVID-19
The novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has prompted extraordinary actions by international, federal, state, provincial and local governmental authorities to contain and combat the spread of COVID-19 in regions throughout the world. The COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures, including orders to shelter-in-place, travel restrictions and mandated business closures, adversely affected workforces, organizations, consumers and economies, which led to an economic downturn and which may cause market volatility and uncertainty in future periods.
The pandemic has disrupted the normal operations of the Company and the businesses of many of the Company’s customers, suppliers and distribution partners. To protect the health and safety of the Company’s employees, contractors, customers and visitors, during the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and throughout most of fiscal 2021, the Company mandated remote working, utilizing virtual meetings and suspending employee travel, to protect the health and safety of its employees, contractors, customers and visitors. The Company also shifted customer, industry and other stakeholder events to virtual-only experiences, and may similarly alter, postpone or cancel other events in the future. The long-term impacts on the Company of substantially remote operations are uncertain.
In response to certain anticipated and ongoing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company also implemented a series of temporary cost reduction measures to further preserve financial flexibility. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, these actions included taking advantage of the broad-based employer relief provided by governments in Canada, the United States and other jurisdictions and the postponement of certain discretionary spending. The Company estimates that savings from temporary cost reduction measures and governmental assistance related to the COVID-19 pandemic will be lower in fiscal 2022 than fiscal 2021 and will primarily depend on the speed and extent of the easing of pandemic-related restrictions and the extent of ongoing government programs.
In fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, the economic downturn and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures undertaken to contain its spread negatively affected in particular the Company’s QNX automotive software business, caused volatility in demand for many of the Company’s products and services, adversely affected the ability of the Company’s sales and professional services teams to meet with customers and provide service, negatively impacted expected spending from new customers and increased sales cycle times.
Although the Company experienced higher quarterly Software & Services revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021, when the COVID-19 pandemic first materially negatively impacted the Company’s operations, and the Company observed a continued recovery in both automotive design activities and production volumes during the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic and related global chip shortage have had and, in fiscal 2022, may continue to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s QNX automotive software business in particular and on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition on a consolidated basis. The Company does not expect the COVID-19 pandemic and its related economic impact to materially adversely affect the Company’s liquidity position.
The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s operational and financial performance will depend on, among other things, the pandemic’s duration and severity, the governmental restrictions that may be sustained or imposed in response to the pandemic, the effectiveness of actions taken to contain or mitigate the pandemic (including the distribution and efficacy of vaccines, particularly against emergent viral variants), the impact of the global chip shortage and global economic conditions. The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business may not be fully reflected until future periods.
The Company continues to evaluate the current and potential impact of the pandemic on its business, results of operations and consolidated financial statements, including potential asset impairment. The Company also continues to actively monitor developments and business conditions that may cause it to take further actions that alter business operations as may be required by applicable authorities or that the Company determines are in the best interests of its employees, customers, suppliers and stockholders.
	32


First Quarter Fiscal 2022 Summary Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain unaudited consolidated statements of operations data for the quarter ended May 31, 2021 compared to the quarter ended May 31, 2020 under U.S. GAAP:
	For the Three Months Ended
		(in millions, except for share and per share amounts)
		May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020	Change
Revenue		$	174 $			206 $	(32)
Gross margin			114			143	(29)
Operating expenses			172			788	(616)
Investment loss, net			(2)			—	(2)
Loss before income taxes			(60)			(645)	585
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes			2			(9)	11
Net loss		$	(62) $			(636) $	574
Loss per share - reported
Basic		$	(0.11) $			(1.14)
Diluted		$	(0.11) $			(1.14)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding (000’s)
Basic (1)			567,358		557,839
Diluted (2)			567,358		557,839
______________________________
(1) Basic loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis for the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and first quarter of fiscal 2021 includes
1,421,945 and 2,802,067 common shares, respectively, to be issued on the anniversary dates of the Cylance acquisition completed on February 21, 2019, in consideration for the acquisition. There are no service or other requirements associated with the issuance of these shares.
(2) Diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis for the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and 2021 does not include the dilutive effect
of the Debentures (defined below) or stock-based compensation, as to do so would be anti-dilutive. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the Company’s calculation of the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding.
The following table shows information by operating segment for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020. The Company reports segment information in accordance with U.S. GAAP Accounting Standards Codification Section 280 based on the “management” approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by the CODM for making decisions and assessing performance of the Company’s reportable operating segments. See “Business Overview” for a description of the Company’s operating segments, as well as Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
						For the Three Months Ended
							(in millions)
								Cyber Security	IoT	Licensing and Other			Segment Totals
									May 31,	May 31,			May 31,	May 31,					May 31,	May 31,	May 31,		May 31,
								2021	2020		Change	2021	2020	Change	2021	2020	Change	2021		2020	Change
Segment revenue									$ 107 $ 119 $ (12) $ 43 $ 29 $ 14 $ 24 $ 58 $ (34) $ 174 $ 206 $ (32)
Segment cost of
sales										46					47	(1)			7	6	1	6	8	(2)	59	61	(2)
Segment gross
margin									$ 61 $ 72 $ (11) $ 36 $ 23 $ 13 $ 18 $ 50 $ (32) $ 115 $ 145 $ (30)
						33


The following table reconciles the Company’s segment results for the three months ended May 31, 2021 to consolidated U.S. GAAP results:
	For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2021
		(in millions)
	Licensing and					Reconciling	Consolidated
			Cyber Security	IoT	Other			Segment Totals	Items	U.S. GAAP
Revenue			$					107 $	43 $	24 $		174 $	— $	174
Cost of sales (1)								46	7	6		59	1		60
Gross margin			$					61 $	36 $	18 $		115 $	(1) $	114
Operating expenses										172	172
Investment loss, net							2				2
Loss before income taxes							$				(60)
______________________________
(1) See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of selected U.S. GAAP-based measures to adjusted measures for the three months ended May 31, 2021.
The following table reconciles the Company’s segment results for the three months ended May 31, 2020 to consolidated U.S. GAAP results:
	For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2020
		(in millions)
	Licensing and					Reconciling	Consolidated
			Cyber Security	IoT	Other			Segment Totals	Items	U.S. GAAP
Revenue			$					119 $	29 $	58 $		206 $	— $	206
Cost of sales (1)								47	6	8		61	2		63
Gross margin			$					72 $	23 $	50 $		145 $	(2) $	143
Operating expenses										788	788
Loss before income taxes							$				(645)
______________________________
(1) See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of selected U.S. GAAP-based measures to adjusted measures for the three months ended May 31, 2020.
Financial Highlights
The Company had approximately $769 million in cash, cash equivalents and investments as of May 31, 2021 and $804 million in cash, cash equivalents and investments as of February 28, 2021.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $174 million and incurred a net loss of $62 million, or $0.11 basic and diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis. In the first quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $206 million and incurred a net loss of $636 million, or $1.14 basic and diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis.
The Company recognized an adjusted net loss of $27 million, and an adjusted loss of $0.05 per share, in the first quarter of fiscal 2022. The Company recognized adjusted net income of $7 million, and adjusted earnings of $0.01 per share, in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.
Debentures Fair Value Adjustment
As previously disclosed, the Company elected the fair value option to account for its outstanding 1.75% unsecured convertible debentures (the “1.75% Debentures”) and its previously outstanding 3.75% outstanding convertible debentures (the “3.75% Debentures” and collectively, the “Debentures”); therefore, periodic revaluation has been and continues to be required under U.S. GAAP. The fair value adjustment does not impact the terms of the Debentures such as the face value, the redemption features or the conversion price.
As at May 31, 2021, the fair value of the 1.75% Debentures was approximately $715 million, a decrease of approximately $5 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2022. For the three months ended May 31, 2021, the Company recorded non-cash income relating to changes in fair value from instrument specific credit risk of $1 million in Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”) and non-cash income relating to changes in fair value from non-credit components of $4 million (pre-tax and after tax)
	34


(the “Q1 Fiscal 2022 Debentures Fair Value Adjustment”) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations relating to the 1.75% Debentures. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on the 1.75% Debentures.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and information contained in this MD&A is presented on that basis. On June 24, 2021, the Company announced financial results for the three months ended May 31, 2021, which included certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted gross margin, adjusted gross margin percentage, adjusted operating expense, adjusted operating loss, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating loss margin percentage, adjusted EBITDA margin percentage, adjusted net income (loss), adjusted income (loss) per share, adjusted research and development expense, adjusted selling, marketing and administrative expense and adjusted amortization expense.
In the Company’s internal reports, management evaluates the performance of the Company’s business on a non-GAAP basis by excluding the impact of certain items below from the Company’s U.S. GAAP financial results. The Company believes that these non-GAAP measures provide management, as well as readers of the Company’s financial statements, with a consistent basis for comparison across accounting periods and is useful in helping management and readers understand the Company’s operating results and underlying operational trends. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company discontinued its use of software deferred revenue acquired and software deferred commission acquired adjustments in its non-GAAP financial measures due to the quantitative decline in the adjustments over time. For purposes of comparability, the Company’s non-GAAP financial measures for the three months ended May 31, 2020 have been updated to conform to the current year’s presentation.
•	Debentures fair value adjustment. The Company has elected to measure its Debentures outstanding at fair value in accordance with the fair value option under U.S. GAAP. Each period, the fair value of the Debentures is recalculated and resulting non-cash income and charges from the change in fair value from non-credit components of the Debentures are recognized in income. The amount can vary each period depending on changes to the Company’s share price. This is not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful in comparison to the Company’s past operating performance.
•	Restructuring charges. The Company believes that restructuring costs relating to employee termination benefits and facilities pursuant to the Resource Allocation Program (“RAP”) entered into in order to transition the Company from a legacy hardware manufacturer to a licensing driven software business do not reflect expected future operating expenses, are not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful in comparison to the Company’s past operating performance.
•	Stock compensation expenses. Equity compensation is a non-cash expense and does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company’s management.
•	Amortization of acquired intangible assets. When the Company acquires intangible assets through business combinations, the assets are recorded as part of purchase accounting and contribute to revenue generation. Such acquired intangible assets depreciate over time and the related amortization will recur in future periods until the assets have been fully amortized. This is not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful in comparison to the Company’s past operating performance.
•	Long-lived asset impairment charge. The Company believes that long-lived asset impairment charges do not reflect expected future operating expenses, are not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful in comparison to the Company’s past operating performance.
•	Goodwill impairment charge. The Company believes that goodwill impairment charge does not reflect expected future operating expenses, is not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful in comparison to the Company’s past operating performance.
On a U.S. GAAP basis, the impact of these items is reflected in the Company’s income statement. However, the Company believes that the provision of supplemental non-GAAP measures allow investors to evaluate the financial performance of the Company’s business using the same evaluation measures that management uses, and is therefore a useful indication of the Company’s performance or expected performance of future operations and facilitates period-to-period comparison of operating performance. As a result, the Company considers it appropriate and reasonable to provide, in addition to U.S. GAAP measures, supplementary non-GAAP financial measures that exclude certain items from the presentation of its financial results.
		35


Reconciliation of non-GAAP based measures with most directly comparable U.S. GAAP based measures for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020
Readers are cautioned that adjusted gross margin, adjusted gross margin percentage, adjusted operating expense, adjusted operating loss, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating loss margin percentage, adjusted EBITDA margin percentage, adjusted net income (loss), adjusted income (loss) per share, adjusted research and development expense, adjusted selling, marketing and administrative expense and adjusted amortization expense and similar measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by U.S. GAAP and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in the context of the U.S. GAAP results, which are described in this MD&A and presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
A reconciliation of the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 to adjusted financial measures is reflected in the tables below:
For the Three Months Ended (in millions)	May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
Gross margin	$		114	$		143
Stock compensation expense			1			2
Adjusted gross margin	$		115	$		145
Gross margin %			65.5 %	69.4 %
Stock compensation expense			0.6 %	1.0 %
Adjusted gross margin %			66.1 %	70.4 %
Reconciliation of operating expense for the three months ended May 31, 2021, February 28, 2021 and May 31, 2020 to adjusted operating expense is reflected in the tables below:
For the Three Months Ended (in millions)					May 31, 2021	February 28, 2021	May 31, 2020
Operating expense					$	172 $			465 $	788
Restructuring charges						—			—	1
Stock compensation expense						6			16	12
Debenture fair value adjustment (1)						(4)			258	1
Acquired intangibles amortization						32			32	33
Goodwill impairment charge						—			—	594
LLA impairment charge						—			22	—
Adjusted operating expense					$	138 $			137 $	147
______________________________
(1) See “First Quarter Fiscal 2022 Summary Results of Operations - Financial Highlights - Debentures Fair Value Adjustment”
Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net loss and U.S. GAAP basic loss per share for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 to adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted basic earnings (loss) per share is reflected in the tables below:
For the Three Months Ended (in millions, except per share amounts)	May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
			Basic	Basic
			earnings	earnings
			(loss)	(loss)
			per share	per share
Net loss							$	(62) $(0.11)			$	(636) $(1.14)
Restructuring charges								—				1
Stock compensation expense								7				14
Debenture fair value adjustment								(4)				1
Acquired intangibles amortization								32				33
Goodwill impairment charge								—				594
Adjusted net income (loss)							$	(27) $(0.05)			$	7	$0.01
								36


Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expense for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 to adjusted research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expense is reflected in the tables below:
For the Three Months Ended (in millions)	May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
Research and development	$		57 $	57
Stock compensation expense			2	3
Adjusted research and development	$		55 $	54
Selling, marketing and administration	$		73 $	90
Restructuring charges			—	1
Stock compensation expense			4	9
Adjusted selling, marketing and administration	$		69 $	80
Amortization	$		46 $	46
Acquired intangibles amortization			32	33
Adjusted amortization	$		14 $	13
Adjusted operating loss, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating loss margin percentage and adjusted EBITDA margin percentage for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 are reflected in the table below.
For the Three Months Ended (in millions)	May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
Operating loss	$		(58) $	(645)
Non-GAAP adjustments to operating loss
					Restructuring charges		—	1
					Stock compensation expense		7	14
					Debenture fair value adjustment		(4)	1
					Acquired intangibles amortization		32	33
					Goodwill impairment charge		—	594
Total non-GAAP adjustments to operating loss			35	643
Adjusted operating loss			(23)	(2)
Amortization			49	50
					Acquired intangibles amortization		(32)	(33)
Adjusted EBITDA	$		(6) $	15
Revenue	$		174 $	206
Adjusted operating loss margin % (1)			(13%)	(1%)
Adjusted EBITDA margin % (2)			(3%)	7%
______________________________
(1) Adjusted operating loss margin % is calculated by dividing adjusted operating loss by revenue
(2) Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by dividing adjusted EBITDA by revenue
Key Metrics
The Company regularly monitors a number of financial and operating metrics, including the following key metrics, in order to measure the Company’s current performance and estimate future performance. Readers are cautioned that annual recurring revenue (“ARR”), dollar-based net retention rate (“DBNRR”), QNX Royalty Revenue Backlog, billings, recurring revenue percentage, and free cash flow do not have any standardized meaning and are unlikely to be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company discontinued its use of software deferred revenue acquired in its key metrics as the Company no longer reports non-GAAP revenue. For purposes of comparability, the
						37


Company’s key metrics for the three months ended February 28, 2021 and May 31, 2020 have been updated to conform to the current year’s presentation.
Comparative breakdowns of the key metrics for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 are set forth below.
For the Three Months Ended (in millions)	May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020	Change
Annual Recurring Revenue
Cyber Security	$			364	$		370	$	(6)
IoT	$			86	$		103	$	(17)
Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate
Cyber Security				94 %	101 %	(7%)
QNX Royalty Revenue Backlog	$			490	$		450	$	40
Recurring Software Product Revenue				~ 90%	> 90%
Annual Recurring Revenue
The Company defines ARR as the annualized value of all subscription, term, maintenance, services, and royalty contracts that generate recurring revenue as of the end of the reporting period. The Company uses ARR as an indicator of business momentum for software and services.
Cyber Security ARR was approximately $364 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and decreased compared to $370 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and decreased compared to $369 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021.
IoT ARR was approximately $86 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and decreased compared to $103 million the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and increased compared to $84 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021.
The Company previously stated that it expected to see the negative impact of COVID-19 on IoT ARR until early in fiscal 2022, as the Company returns to its normal revenue run rate. The Company now expects that IoT revenue will return to a normal run-rate by the end of fiscal 2022 due to the reasons discussed below in “Revenue by Segment” and expects to see a negative impact from the global chip shortage on IoT ARR until the end of fiscal 2022.
Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate
The Company calculates the DBNRR as of period end by first calculating the ARR from the customer base as at 12 months prior to the current period end (“Prior Period ARR”). The Company then calculates the ARR for the same cohort of customers as at the current period end (“Current Period ARR”). The Company then divides the Current Period ARR by the Prior Period ARR to calculate the DBNRR.
Cyber Security DBNRR was 94% in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and decreased compared to 101% in first quarter of fiscal 2021 and decreased compared to 95% in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021.
QNX Royalty Revenue Backlog
The Company defines the royalty revenue backlog of its QNX business as estimated future revenue from variable forecasted royalties related to the QNX business. The estimation of forecasted royalties is based on QNX’s royalty rates and on customer projections of anticipated volumes over the lifetime of a design, in each case as of when the design win was awarded. The QNX royalty revenue backlog is calculated annually, is not based on current projections of volumes and may not be indicative of actual future revenue. The revenue that the Company will recognize is subject to several factors, including actual volumes and potential terminations or modifications to customer contracts.
The Company’s QNX royalty revenue backlog was approximately $490 million at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and increased compared $450 million at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2021.
Billings
The Company defines billings as amounts invoiced less credits issued. The Company considers billings to be a useful metric because billings drive deferred revenue, which is an important indicator of the health and visibility of the business, and represents a significant percentage of future revenue.
Total Company billings decreased in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021.
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Recurring Software Product Revenue
The Company defines recurring software product revenue percentage as recurring software product revenue divided by total software and services revenue. Recurring software product revenue is comprised of subscription and term licenses, maintenance arrangements, royalty arrangements and perpetual licenses recognized ratably under ASC 606. Total software and services revenue is comprised of recurring product revenue, non-recurring product revenue and professional services. The Company uses recurring software product revenue percentage to provide visibility into the revenue expected to be recognized in the current and future periods.
Total adjusted Software and Services product revenue, excluding professional services, was approximately 90% recurring in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and decreased from greater than 90% recurring in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 due to product mix.
Free Cash Flow
Free cash flow is a measure of liquidity calculated as net operating cash flow minus capital expenditures. Free cash flow does not have any standardized meaning as prescribed by U.S. GAAP and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The Company uses free cash flow when assessing its sources of liquidity, capital resources, and quality of earnings. Free cash flow is helpful in understanding the Company’s capital requirements and provides an additional means to reflect the cash flow trends in the Company’s business. For the three months ended May 31, 2021, the Company’s net cash used in operating activities was $33 million and capital expenditures were $2 million, resulting in the Company reporting free cash usage of $35 million compared to net cash used in operating activities of $31 million, capital expenditures of $1 million, and free cash usage of $32 million for the three months ended May 31, 2020.
	39


Results of Operations - Three months ended May 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended May 31, 2020
Revenue
Revenue by Segment
Comparative breakdowns of revenue by segment are set forth below.
	For the Three Months Ended
		(in millions)
			May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020		Change
Revenue by SegmentCyber Security
			$	107	$				119	$	(12)
IoT				43					29		14
Licensing and Other				24					58		(34)
			$	174	$				206	$	(32)
% Revenue by SegmentCyber Security
	61.5 %				57.8 %
IoT	24.7 %				14.0 %
Licensing and Other	13.8 %				28.2 %
							100.0 %	100.0 %
Cyber Security
Cyber Security revenue was $107 million, or 61.5% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, a decrease of $12 million compared to $119 million, or 57.8% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease in Cyber Security revenue of $12 million was primarily due to a decrease of $9 million relating to product revenue in BlackBerry Spark and a decrease of $3 million relating to professional services, partially offset by an increase of $3 million related to the sale of Secusmart solutions.
The Company previously stated that it expected Cyber Security revenue to be between $495 million and $515 million in fiscal 2022. The Company now expects Cyber Security revenue to be towards the lower end of $495 million and $515 million in fiscal 2022 due to billings growth being more heavily weighted to the second half of the year.
IoT
IoT revenue was $43 million, or 24.7% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, an increase of $14 million compared to $29 million, or 14.0% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The increase in IoT revenue of $14 million was primarily due to an increase of $7 million in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue due to the partial recovery of the automotive market from the slowdown related to the COVID-19 pandemic in first quarter of fiscal 2021, an increase of $5 million in development seat revenue and an increase of $1 million in BlackBerry Radar revenue.
The Company previously stated that, assuming that the global chip shortage has been alleviated by the middle of fiscal 2022, it expects that BTS revenue will return to a pre-pandemic run-rate of approximately $50 million per quarter by that time and will be between $180 million and $200 million for fiscal 2022 as a whole. The Company now expects that IoT revenue will return to a run-rate of approximately $50 million per quarter by the end of fiscal 2022, primarily due to the negative impact of the global chip shortage on BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue in the first half of fiscal 2022.
Licensing and Other
Licensing and Other revenue was $24 million, or 13.8% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, a decrease of $34 million compared to $58 million, or 28.2% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease in Licensing and Other revenue of $34 million was primarily due to a decrease in revenue from the Company’s intellectual property licensing arrangements including its patent licensing agreement with Teletry.
								40


Revenue by Geography
Comparative breakdowns of the geographic regions are set forth in the following table:
	For the Three Months Ended
		(in millions)
			May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020		Change
Revenue by GeographyNorth America
			$	111	$				150	$	(39)
Europe, Middle East and Africa				45					41		4
Other regions				18					15		3
			$	174	$				206	$	(32)
% Revenue by GeographyNorth America
	63.8 %				72.8 %
Europe, Middle East and Africa	25.9 %				19.9 %
Other regions	10.3 %				7.3 %
							100.0 %	100.0 %
North America Revenue
Revenue in North America was $111 million, or 63.8% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, reflecting a decrease of $39 million compared to $150 million, or 72.8% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Revenue in North America decreased compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021 primarily due to a decrease of $34 million in Licensing and Other revenue due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, a decrease of $9 million in product revenue in BlackBerry Spark and a decrease of $2 million relating to professional services, partially offset by an increase of $5 million in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”.
Europe, Middle East and Africa Revenue
Revenue in Europe, Middle East and Africa was $45 million or 25.9% of revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, reflecting an increase of $4 million compared to $41 million or 19.9% of revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The increase in revenue is primarily due to an increase of $2 million related to the sale of Secusmart solutions, an increase of $2 million in development seat revenue and an increase of $1 million in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”.
Other Regions Revenue
Revenue in other regions was $18 million or 10.3% of revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, reflecting an increase of $3 million compared to $15 million or 7.3% of revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The increase in revenue is primarily due to an increase of $2 million in development seat revenue and an increase of $1 million in product revenue in BlackBerry Spark.
Gross Margin
Consolidated Gross Margin
Consolidated gross margin decreased by $29 million to approximately $114 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from $143 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in revenue from Licensing and Other and BlackBerry Spark, partially offset by an increase in revenue from BlackBerry QNX and Secusmart due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, as the Company’s cost of sales does not significantly fluctuate based on business volume.
Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage
Consolidated gross margin percentage decreased by 3.9% to approximately 65.5% of consolidated revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from 69.4% of consolidated revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a lower gross margin contribution from Licensing and Other due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, partially offset by a higher gross margin contribution from BlackBerry QNX due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”.
								41


Gross Margin by Segment
See “Business Overview” and “First Quarter Fiscal 2022 Summary Results of Operations” for information about the Company’s operating segments and the basis of operating segment results.
	For the Three Months Ended
		(in millions)
			Cyber Security	IoT		Licensing and Other	Segment Totals
					May 31,	May 31,					May 31,	May 31,		May 31,	May 31,					May 31,	May 31,
					2021	2020				Change	2021	2020	Change		2021			2020	Change	2021	2020				Change
Segment revenue					$ 107	$ 119				$ (12)	$ 43	$ 29	$ 14		$ 24	$ 58				$ (34)	$ 174	$ 206				$ (32)
Segment cost of
sales					46	47				(1)	7	6	1		6	8				(2)	59	61				(2)
Segment gross
margin					$ 61	$ 72				$ (11)	$ 36	$ 23	$ 13		$ 18	$ 50				$ (32)	$ 115	$ 145				$ (30)
Segment gross
margin %			57 %	61 %			(4%)	84 %	79 %	5 %		75 %				86 % (11%)	66 %						70 %	(4%)
Cyber Security
Cyber Security gross margin decreased by $11 million to approximately $61 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from $72 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, as the Company’s cost of sales does not significantly fluctuate based on business volume.
Cyber Security gross margin percentage decreased by 4% to approximately 57% of Cyber Security revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from 61% of Cyber Security revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”.
IoT
IoT gross margin increased by $13 million to approximately $36 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from $23 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The increase was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, as the Company’s cost of sales does not significantly fluctuate based on business volume.
IoT gross margin percentage increased by 5% to approximately 84% of IoT revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from 79% of IoT revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The increase was primarily due an increase in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue, which has a higher relative gross margin percentage, due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”.
Licensing and Other
Licensing and Other gross margin decreased by $32 million to approximately $18 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from $50 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, as the Company’s cost of sales does not significantly fluctuate based on business volume.
Licensing and Other gross margin percentage decreased by 11% to approximately 75% of Licensing and Other revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from 86% of Licensing and Other revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”.
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Operating Expenses
The table below presents a comparison of research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expenses for the quarter ended May 31, 2021, compared to the quarter ended February 28, 2021 and the quarter ended May 31, 2020. The Company believes it is meaningful to provide a sequential comparison between the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021.
	For the Three Months Ended
		(in millions)
			May 31, 2021	February 28, 2021			May 31, 2020
Revenue			$		174	$				210	$		206
Operating expensesResearch and development
				57					48			57
Selling, marketing and administration				73					92			90
Amortization				46					45			46
Impairment of long-lived assets				—					22			—
Impairment of goodwill				—					—			594
Debentures fair value adjustment				(4)					258			1
Total			$		172	$				465	$		788
Operating Expenses as % of RevenueResearch and development
					32.8%	22.9%	27.7%
Selling, marketing and administration					42.0%	43.8%	43.7%
Amortization					26.4%	21.4%	22.3%
Impairment of long-lived assets	—%					10.5%	—%
Impairment of goodwill	—%					—%	288.3%
Debentures fair value adjustment					(2.3%)	122.9%	0.5%
Total					98.9 %	221.4 %	382.5 %
See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of selected U.S. GAAP-based measures to adjusted measures for the three months ended May 31, 2021, February 28, 2021 and May 31, 2020.
U.S. GAAP Operating Expenses
Operating expenses decreased by $293 million, or 63.0%, to $172 million, or 98.9% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to $465 million, or 221.4% of revenue, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to the difference between the Q1 Fiscal 2022 Debentures Fair Value Adjustment and the fair value adjustment related to the Debentures incurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 of $262 million, a decrease of $22 million in impairment of long-lived assets in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 which did not recur, a decrease of $10 million in stock compensation expenses and a decrease of $6 million in the Company’s deferred share unit costs, partially offset by an increase of $11 million in variable incentive plan costs.
Operating expenses decreased by $616 million, or 78.2%, to $172 million, or 98.9% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to $788 million, or 382.5% of revenue, in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to goodwill impairment of $594 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 which did not recur, a decrease of $7 million in stock compensation expenses, an increase in benefits of $6 million in government subsidies resulting from claims filed for the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (“CEWS”) program to support the business through the COVID-19 pandemic, and the difference between the Q1 Fiscal 2022 Debentures Fair Value Adjustment and the fair value adjustment related to the Debentures incurred in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 of $5 million, partially offset by an increase of $5 million in legal expenses.
Adjusted Operating Expenses
Adjusted operating expenses increased by $1 million, or 0.7%, to $138 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 compared to $137 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of $11 million in variable incentive plan costs and an increase of $4 million in salaries and benefits expenses, partially offset by a decrease of $6
								43


million in the Company’s deferred share unit costs, a decrease of $5 million in professional service expenses, and a decrease of $2 million in legal expenses.
Adjusted operating expenses decreased by $9 million, or 6.1%, to $138 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to $147 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to the increase in benefits of $6 million in CEWS funding, a decrease of $3 million in salaries and benefits expenses, favorable foreign currency translation of $2 million and a decrease of $2 million in operating lease costs, partially offset by an increase of $5 million in legal expenses.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits costs for technical personnel, new product development costs, travel expenses, office and building costs, infrastructure costs and other employee costs.
Research and development expenses were $57 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, consistent with $57 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. A decrease of $1 million in stock compensation expense was offset by a decrease of $1 million in claims filed with the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada relating to its Strategic Innovation Fund (“SIF”) program’s investment in BlackBerry QNX.
Adjusted research and development expenses increased by $1 million, or 1.9%, to $55 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 compared to $54 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The increase was primarily due to a decrease of $1 million in SIF claims.
Selling, Marketing and Administration Expenses
Selling, marketing and administration expenses consist primarily of marketing, advertising and promotion, salaries and benefits, external advisory fees, information technology costs, office and related staffing infrastructure costs and travel expenses.
Selling, marketing and administration expenses decreased by $17 million, or 18.9%, to $73 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 compared to $90 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. This decrease was primarily attributable to the increase in benefits of $6 million in CEWS funding, a decrease of $6 million in stock compensation expenses, a decrease of $3 million in salaries and benefits expenses, favorable foreign currency translation of $2 million and a decrease of $2 million in operating lease costs, partially offset by an increase of $5 million in legal expenses.
Adjusted selling, marketing and administration expenses decreased by $11 million, or 13.8%, to $69 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 compared to $80 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. This decrease was primarily attributable to the benefit of $6 million in CEWS funding, a decrease of $3 million in salaries and benefits expenses, a favorable foreign currency translation of $2 million and a decrease of $2 million in operating lease costs, partially offset by an increase of $5 million in legal expenses.
Amortization Expense
The table below presents a comparison of amortization expense relating to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets recorded as amortization or cost of sales for the quarter ended May 31, 2021 compared to the quarter ended May 31, 2020. Intangible assets are comprised of patents, licenses and acquired technology.
	For the Three Months Ended
		(in millions)
	Included in Operating Expense
			May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020	Change
Property, plant and equipment			$	3 $			4 $	(1)
Intangible assets				43			42	1
Total			$	46 $			46 $	—
	Included in Cost of Sales
			May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020	Change
Property, plant and equipment			$	1 $			1 $	—
Intangible assets				2			3	(1)
Total			$	3 $			4 $	(1)
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Amortization included in Operating Expense
Amortization expense relating to property, plant and equipment and certain intangible assets was $46 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, consistent with $46 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021.
Adjusted amortization increased by $1 million to $14 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 compared to $13 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 due to a decrease in the non-GAAP adjustment of acquired intangibles amortization to $32 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from $33 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021.
Amortization included in Cost of Sales
Amortization expense relating to certain property, plant and equipment and certain intangible assets employed in the Company’s service operations decreased by $1 million to $3 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 compared to $4 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease in amortization expense was due to the lower cost base of assets.
Investment Loss, Net
Investment loss, net, which includes the interest expense from the 1.75% Debentures, increased by $2 million to an investment loss, net of $2 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to investment loss, net of nil in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The increase in investment loss, net is primarily due to a lower yield on cash and investments and a lower cash and investments balance compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021 as a result of the redemption of the 3.75% Debentures and issuance of the 1.75% Debentures, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense from the Debentures.
Income Taxes
For the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company’s net effective income tax expense rate was approximately 3%, compared to an effective income tax recovery rate of approximately 1% for the same period in the prior fiscal year. The Company’s net effective income tax rate reflects the change in unrecognized income tax benefits, if any, and the fact that the Company has a significant valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, and in particular, the change in fair value of the Debentures, amongst other items, was offset by a corresponding adjustment of the valuation allowance. The Company’s net effective income tax rate also reflects the geographic mix of earnings in jurisdictions with different income tax rates.
Net Loss
The Company’s net loss for the first quarter of fiscal 2022 was $62 million, or $0.11 basic and diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis, reflecting a decrease in net loss of $574 million compared to a net loss of $636 million, or $1.14 basic and diluted loss per share, in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease in net loss of $574 million was primarily due to a decrease in operating expenses due to the goodwill impairment in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 that did not recur, as described above in “Operating Expenses”, partially offset by a decrease in revenue, as described above in “Revenue by Segment” and a decrease in gross margin percentage, as described above in “Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage”.
Adjusted net loss was $27 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 compared to adjusted net income of $7 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021, reflecting a decrease in adjusted net income of $34 million primarily due to a decrease in revenue as described above in “Revenue by Segment” and a decrease in gross margin percentage, as described above in “Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage”, partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses as described above in “Operating Expenses”.
The weighted average number of shares outstanding was 567 million common shares for basic and diluted loss per share for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. The weighted average number of shares outstanding was 558 million common shares for basic loss and diluted loss per share for the first quarter of fiscal 2021.
Financial Condition
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments decreased by $35 million to $769 million as at May 31, 2021 from $804 million as at February 28, 2021, primarily as a result of changes in working capital. The majority of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and investments were denominated in U.S. dollars as at May 31, 2021.
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A comparative summary of cash, cash equivalents, and investments is set out below:
	As at
	(in millions)
		May 31, 2021	February 28, 2021		Change
Cash and cash equivalents		$		339 $	214 $	125
Restricted cash equivalents and restricted short-term investments				29	28	1
Short-term investments				364	525	(161)
Long-term investments				37	37	—
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments		$		769 $	804 $	(35)
The table below summarizes the current assets, current liabilities, and working capital of the Company:
	As at
	(in millions)
		May 31, 2021	February 28, 2021		Change
Current assets		$		953 $	1,006 $			(53)
Current liabilities				402	429	(27)
Working capital		$		551 $	577 $	(26)
Current Assets
The decrease in current assets of $53 million at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from the end of fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 was primarily due to a decrease in short term investments of $161 million, and accounts receivable, net of allowance of $29 million, partially offset by an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $125 million, an increase in other current assets of $11 million, and an increase in other receivables of $1 million.
At May 31, 2021, accounts receivable was $153 million, a decrease of $29 million from February 28, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to lower revenue recognized over the three months ended May 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended February 28, 2021, partially offset by an increase in days sales outstanding to 89 days at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2022 from 85 days at the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021.
At May 31, 2021, other current assets was $61 million, an increase of $11 million from February 28, 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in inventory of $3 million, an increase of $3 million in prepaid insurance, an increase of $2 million in prepaid maintenance, and an increase of $2 million in derivative assets.
At May 31, 2021, other receivables increased by $1 million to $26 million compared to $25 million as at February 28, 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $1 million relating to the SIF claims, and an increase of $1 million in GST and VAT receivables, partially offset by a decrease of $1 million relating to the CEWS program.
Current Liabilities
The decrease in current liabilities of $27 million at the end of the first quarter of 2022 from the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 was primarily due to a decrease in deferred revenue of $17 million, and a decrease in accrued liabilities of $14 million, partially offset by an increase in income taxes payable of $2 million and an increase in accounts payable of $2 million.
Deferred revenue, current was $208 million, which reflects a decrease of $17 million compared to February 28, 2021 that was attributable to a $12 million decrease in deferred revenue, current related to BlackBerry Spark and $4 million related to BlackBerry AtHoc, partially offset by an increase of $1 million in deferred revenue, current related to BlackBerry QNX.
Accrued liabilities were $164 million, reflecting a decrease of $14 million compared to February 28, 2021, which was primarily attributable to a $8 million decrease in variable incentive plan costs and a decrease of $5 million in payroll accrual.
Income taxes payable were $8 million, reflecting a decrease of $2 million compared to February 28, 2021, which was primarily attributable to the reversal of uncertain tax positions.
Accounts payable were $22 million, reflecting an increase of $2 million from February 28, 2021, which was primarily due to timing of payments of accounts payable.
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Cash flows for the three months ended May 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended May 31, 2020 were as follows:
	For the Three Months Ended
		(in millions)
			May 31, 2021	May 31, 2020		Change
Net cash flows provided by (used in):
					Operating activities	$	(33) $					(31) $	(2)
					Investing activities		176					(39)	215
					Financing activities		4					4	—
Effect of foreign exchange gain on cash and cash equivalents				3					—	3
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			$	150 $					(66) $	216
Operating Activities
The increase in net cash flows used in operating activities of $2 million primarily reflects the net changes in working capital.
Investing Activities
During the three months ended May 31, 2021, cash flows provided by investing activities were $176 million and included cash provided by transactions involving the acquisitions of short-term and long-term investments, net of the proceeds on sale or maturity in the amount of $184 million, offset by cash used in the acquisition of intangible assets of $6 million, and the acquisition of property, plant and equipment of $2 million. For the same period in the prior fiscal year, cash flows used in investing activities were $39 million and included cash used in transactions involving the acquisitions of short-term and long-term investments, net of the proceeds on sale or maturity in the amount of $30 million, intangible asset additions of $8 million, and acquisitions of property, plant and equipment of $1 million.
Financing Activities
The increase in cash flows provided by financing activities of $4 million was consistent with the first three months of fiscal 2021 and included common shares issued for stock options exercised and under the employee share purchase plan.
Aggregate Contractual Obligations
The following table sets out aggregate information about the Company’s contractual obligations and the periods in which payments are due as at May 31, 2021:
			(in millions)
									Less than One	One to	Four to Five		Greater than
								Total	Year	Three Years	Years		Five Years
Operating lease obligations										$	127 $	36 $	50 $	27 $	14
Purchase obligations and commitments											186	130	56	—	—
Debt interest and principal payments											382	6	376	—	—
Total										$	695 $	172 $	482 $	27 $	14
Purchase obligations and commitments amounted to approximately $695 million as at May 31, 2021, including the principal amount of the 1.75% Debentures of $365 million and operating lease obligations of $127 million. The remaining balance consists of purchase orders for goods and services utilized in the operations of the Company. Total aggregate contractual obligations as at May 31, 2021 increased by approximately $19 million as compared to the February 28, 2021 balance of approximately $676 million, which was attributable to an increase in purchase obligations and commitments, partially offset by a decrease in operating lease obligations.
Debenture Financing and Other Funding Sources
See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Debentures.
The Company has $29 million in collateralized outstanding letters of credit in support of certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information concerning the Company’s restricted cash.
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Cash, cash equivalents, and investments were approximately $769 million as at May 31, 2021. The Company’s management remains focused on maintaining appropriate cash balances, efficiently managing working capital balances and managing the liquidity needs of the business. Based on its current financial projections, the Company believes its financial resources, together with expected future operating cash generating and operating expense reduction activities and access to other potential financing arrangements, should be sufficient to meet funding requirements for current financial commitments and future operating expenditures not yet committed, and should provide the necessary financial capacity for the foreseeable future.
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or under applicable Canadian securities laws.
Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates
There have been no changes to the Company’s accounting policies or critical accounting estimates from those described under
“Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Annual MD&A.
See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for accounting pronouncements not yet adopted.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company is engaged in operating and financing activities that generate risk in three primary areas:
Foreign Exchange
The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk as a result of transactions in currencies other than its functional currency, the U.S. dollar. The majority of the Company’s revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 was transacted in U.S. dollars. Portions of the revenue were denominated in Canadian dollars, euros and British pounds. Expenses, consisting mainly of salaries and certain other operating costs, were incurred primarily in Canadian dollars, but were also incurred in U.S. dollars, euros and British pounds. At May 31, 2021, approximately 12% of cash and cash equivalents, 20% of accounts receivables and 52% of accounts payable were denominated in foreign currencies (February 28, 2021 – 20%, 25% and 34%, respectively). These foreign currencies primarily include the Canadian dollar, euro and British pound. As part of its risk management strategy, the Company maintains net monetary asset and/or liability balances in foreign currencies and engages in foreign currency hedging activities using derivative financial instruments, including currency forward contracts and currency options. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes. If overall foreign currency exchanges rates to the U.S. dollar uniformly weakened or strengthened by 10% related to the Company’s net monetary asset or liability balances in foreign currencies at May 31, 2021 (after hedging activities), the impact to the Company would be immaterial.
The Company regularly reviews its currency forward and option positions, both on a stand-alone basis and in conjunction with its underlying foreign currency exposures. Given the effective horizons of the Company’s risk management activities and the anticipatory nature of the exposures, there can be no assurance these positions will offset more than a portion of the financial impact resulting from movements in currency exchange rates. Further, the recognition of the gains and losses related to these instruments may not coincide with the timing of gains and losses related to the underlying economic exposures and, therefore, may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and operating results.
Interest Rate
Cash and cash equivalents and investments are invested in certain instruments of varying maturities. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of holding investments of varying maturities. The fair value of investments, as well as the investment income derived from the investment portfolio, will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. The Company has also issued Debentures with a fixed interest rate, as described in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair value of the Debentures will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of the Debentures. The Company does not currently utilize interest rate derivative instruments to hedge its investment portfolio or changes in the market value of the Debentures.
Credit and Customer Concentration
The Company, in the normal course of business, monitors the financial condition of its customers and reviews the credit history of each new customer. The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) that corresponds to the specific credit risk of its customers, historical trends and economic circumstances. The ACL as at May 31, 2021 was $9 million (February 28, 2021 - $10 million). There was one customer that comprised more than 10% of accounts receivable as at May 31, 2021 (February 28, 2021 - one customer that comprised more than 10%). During the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the percentage of the Company’s receivable balance that was past due increased by 6.0% compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. Although the Company actively monitors and attempts to collect on its receivables as they become due, the risk of further delays or challenges in obtaining timely payments of receivables from resellers and other distribution partners exists. The occurrence of such delays or challenges in obtaining timely payments could negatively impact the Company’s liquidity and financial
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condition. There was no customer that comprised more than 10% of the Company’s revenue in the three months ended May 31, 2021 (three months ended May 31, 2020 - one customer that comprised 26% of the Company’s revenue).
Market values are determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. The Company assesses declines in the value of individual investments for impairment to determine whether the decline is other-than-temporary. The Company makes this assessment by considering available evidence including changes in general market conditions, specific industry and individual company data, the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition, the near-term prospects of the individual investment and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the debt securities to maturity.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of May 31, 2021, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of such date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to give reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the three months ended May 31, 2021, no changes were made to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding certain legal proceedings in which the Company is involved.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number		Description of Exhibit
10.1*†		Amended and restated employment agreement with Tom Eacobacci, dated May 3, 2021
10.2*†		Employment agreement with Marjorie Dickman, dated January 6, 2020 and amended employment agreement, dated January 4, 2021
10.3*†		Time-based restricted share unit agreement with Tom Eacobacci, dated June 15, 2020
10.4*†		Performance-based restricted share unit agreement with Tom Eacobacci, dated June 15, 2020
31.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-14(a)
31.2*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-14(a)
32.1††		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2††		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101*		XBRL Instance Document – the document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
			49


101*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File – formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101
______________________________
* Filed herewith† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement†† Furnished (and not filed) herewith pursuant to Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of the SEC’s Regulation S-K
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SIGNATURES
	Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.
BLACKBERRY LIMITED
	Date: June 25, 2021	By:		/s/ John Chen

Name: John ChenTitle:
			Chief Executive Officer
By:		/s/ Steve Rai
Name:		Steve Rai
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and
Title:		Accounting Officer)
			51