Carnival Corporation was incorporated in Panama in 1974 and Carnival plc was incorporated in England and Wales in 2000. Together with their consolidated subsidiaries, they are referred to collectively in these consolidated financial statements and elsewhere in this 2021 Annual Report as “Carnival Corporation & plc,” “our,” “us” and “we.” The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc and their respective subsidiaries.
We are a leisure travel company with a portfolio of nine of the world’s leading cruise lines. With operations in North America, Australia, Europe and Asia, our portfolio features – Carnival Cruise Line, Princess Cruises, Holland America Line, P&O Cruises (Australia), Seabourn, Costa Cruises, AIDA Cruises, P&O Cruises (UK) and Cunard.
DLC Arrangement
Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc operate a dual listed company (“DLC”) arrangement, whereby the businesses of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are combined through a number of contracts and provisions in Carnival Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws and Carnival plc’s Articles of Association. The two companies operate as a single economic enterprise with a single senior executive management team and identical Boards of Directors, but each has retained its separate legal identity. Each company’s shares are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) for Carnival Corporation and the London Stock Exchange for Carnival plc. The Carnival plc American Depositary Shares are traded on the NYSE.
The constitutional documents of each company provide that, on most matters, the holders of the common equity of both companies effectively vote as a single body. The Equalization and Governance Agreement between Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc provides for the equalization of dividends and liquidation distributions based on an equalization ratio and contains provisions relating to the governance of the DLC arrangement. Because the equalization ratio is 1 to 1, one share of Carnival Corporation common stock and one Carnival plc ordinary share are generally entitled to the same distributions.
Under deeds of guarantee executed in connection with the DLC arrangement, as well as stand-alone guarantees executed since that time, each of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc have effectively cross guaranteed all indebtedness and certain other monetary obligations of each other. Once the written demand is made, the holders of indebtedness or other obligations may immediately commence an action against the relevant guarantor.
Under the terms of the DLC arrangement, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are permitted to transfer assets between the companies, make loans to or investments in each other and otherwise enter into intercompany transactions. In addition, the cash flows and assets of one company are required to be used to pay the obligations of the other company, if necessary.
Given the DLC arrangement, we believe that providing separate financial statements for each of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc would not present a true and fair view of the economic realities of their operations. Accordingly, separate financial statements for Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc have not been presented.
Liquidity and Management’s Plans
In the face of the global impact of COVID-19, we paused our guest cruise operations in mid-March 2020. As of January 13, 2022, eight of our nine brands, or 67% of capacity, had resumed guest cruise operations as part of our gradual return to service. The extent of the effects of COVID-19 on our business are uncertain and will depend on future developments, including, but not limited to, the duration and continued severity of COVID-19 and the length of time it takes to return the company to profitability. The ongoing effects of COVID-19 have had, and will continue to have, a material negative impact on our financial results and liquidity.
The estimation of our future liquidity requirements includes numerous assumptions that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. The principal assumptions used to estimate our future liquidity requirements consist of:
•Expected continued gradual resumption of guest cruise operations, with the full fleet expected to be back in operation for our summer season, where we historically generate the largest share of our operating income
•Expected sustained increase in revenue per passenger cruise day through a combination of both passenger ticket and onboard revenue as compared to 2019
•Expected gradual increase in occupancy levels during the resumption of guest cruise operations, with the return to historical occupancy levels in 2023
•Expected continued spend to maintain enhanced health and safety protocols and to support the resumption of guest cruise operations, including completing the return of crew members to our ships
•Maintaining collateral and reserves at reasonable levels
In addition, we make certain assumptions about new ship deliveries, improvements and disposals, and consider the future export credit financings that are associated with the ship deliveries.
We cannot make assurances that our assumptions used to estimate our liquidity requirements may not change because we have never previously experienced a complete cessation and subsequent gradual resumption of our guest cruise operations, and as a consequence, our ability to be predictive is uncertain. In addition, the magnitude and duration of the global pandemic are uncertain. We have made reasonable estimates and judgments of the impact of COVID-19 within our consolidated financial statements and there may be changes to those estimates in future periods. We have taken actions to improve our liquidity, including completing various capital market transactions, capital expenditure and operating expense reductions and accelerating the removal of certain ships from our fleet. In addition, we expect to continue to pursue refinancing opportunities to reduce interest expense and extend maturities.
Based on these actions and our assumptions regarding the impact of COVID-19, considering our $9.4 billion of liquidity including cash, short-term investments and borrowings available under our revolving facility at November 30, 2021, as well as our expected continued gradual return to service, we have concluded that we have sufficient liquidity to satisfy our obligations for at least the next twelve months.
NOTE 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
We consolidate entities over which we have control, as typically evidenced by a voting control of greater than 50% or for which we are the primary beneficiary, whereby we have the power to direct the most significant activities and the obligation to absorb significant losses or receive significant benefits from the entity. We do not separately present our noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements since the amounts are immaterial. For affiliates we do not control but where significant influence over financial and operating policies exists, as typically evidenced by a voting control of 20% to 50%, the investment is accounted for using the equity method.
For 2019, we reclassified $390 million from tour and other revenues to onboard and other revenues as well as $268 million from tour and other costs and expenses to other operating cost and expenses in order to conform to the current year presentation.
Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in our consolidated financial statements. The full extent to which the effects of COVID-19 will directly or indirectly impact our business, operations, results of operations and financial condition, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain including our valuation of goodwill and trademarks, impairment of ships, collectability of trade and notes receivables, amount of reserve funds related to customer deposits as well as provisions for pending litigation. We believe that we have made reasonable estimates and judgments within our financial statements and there may be changes to those estimates in future periods. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements. All material intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include investments with maturities of three months or less at acquisition which are stated at cost and present insignificant risk of changes in value.
Short-term investments include investments with maturities of three to 12 months which are stated at cost and present insignificant risk of changes in value.
Inventories
Inventories consist substantially of food, beverages, hotel supplies, fuel and retail merchandise, which are all carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted-average or first-in, first-out methods.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment charges. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over our estimates of useful lives and residual values, as a percentage of original cost, as follows:
Years
Residual Values
Ships
30
15%
Ship improvements
3-30
0%
Buildings and improvements
10-40
0%
Computer hardware and software
2-12
0%
Transportation equipment and other
3-20
0%
Leasehold improvements, including port facilities
Shorter of the remaining lease term or related asset life (3-30)
0%
The cost of ships under construction includes progress payments for the construction of new ships, as well as design and engineering fees, capitalized interest, construction oversight costs and various owner supplied items. We account for ship improvement costs, including replacements of certain significant components and parts, by capitalizing those costs we believe add value to our ships and have a useful life greater than one year and depreciating those improvements over their estimated remaining useful life. We have a capital program for the improvement of our ships and for asset replacements in order to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of our operations; to comply with, or exceed, all relevant legal and statutory requirements related to health, environment, safety, security and sustainability; and to gain strategic benefits or provide improved product innovations to our guests.
We capitalize interest as part of the cost of capital projects during their construction period.The specifically identified or estimated cost and accumulated depreciation of previously capitalized ship components are written-off upon retirement, which may result in a loss on disposal that is also included in other operating expenses. Liquidated damages received from shipyards as a result of late ship delivery are recorded as reductions to the cost basis of the ship.
The costs of repairs and maintenance, including minor improvement costs and expenses related to dry-docks, are charged to expense as incurred and included in other operating expenses. Dry-dock expenses primarily represent maintenance activities that are incurred when a ship is taken out-of-service for scheduled maintenance.
We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets may not be recoverable. Upon the occurrence of a triggering event, the assessment of possible impairment is based on our ability to recover the carrying value of our asset from the asset’s estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If these estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess, if any, of the asset’s carrying value over its estimated fair value. The lowest level for which we maintain identifiable cash flows that are independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities is at the individual ship level. A significant amount of judgment is required in estimating the future cash flows and fair values of our cruise ships.
Goodwill and Other Intangibles
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business acquisition. We review our goodwill for impairment as of July 31 every year, or more frequently if events or circumstances dictate. All of our goodwill has been allocated to our reporting units. The impairment review for goodwill allows us to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the more detailed quantitative goodwill impairment test. We would perform the quantitative test if our qualitative assessment determined it is more-likely-than-not that a reporting
unit’s estimated fair value is less than its carrying amount. We may also elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the quantitative test for any reporting unit. When performing the quantitative test, if the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no further analysis is required. However, if the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, goodwill is written down based on the difference between the reporting unit’s carrying amount and its fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. A significant amount of judgment is required in estimating the fair values of our reporting units.
Trademarks represent substantially all of our other intangibles. Trademarks are estimated to have an indefinite useful life and are not amortizable but are reviewed for impairment at least annually and as events or circumstances dictate. The impairment review for trademarks also allows us to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a more detailed quantitative trademark impairment test. We would perform the quantitative test if our qualitative assessment determined it was more-likely-than-not that the trademarks are impaired. We may also elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the quantitative test. Our trademarks would be considered impaired if their carrying value exceeds their estimated fair value.
Debt and Debt Issuance Costs
Debt is recorded at initial fair value, which normally reflects the proceeds received by us, net of debt issuance costs. Debt is subsequently stated at amortized cost. Debt issuance costs are generally amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the term of the debt. Debt issue discounts and premiums are generally amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the term of the debt.
Derivatives and Other Financial Instruments
We utilize derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, such as foreign currency forwards, options and swaps, foreign currency debt obligations and foreign currency cash balances, to manage our exposure to fluctuations in certain foreign currency exchange rates. We use interest rate swaps primarily to manage our interest rate exposure to achieve a desired proportion of fixed and floating rate debt. Our policy is to not use financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.
All derivatives are recorded at fair value. If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, then the change in the fair value of the derivative is recognized as a component of AOCI until the underlying hedged item is recognized in earnings or the forecasted transaction is no longer probable. If a derivative or a non-derivative financial instrument is designated as a hedge of our net investment in a foreign operation, then changes in the effective portion of the fair value of the financial instrument are recognized as a component of AOCI to offset the change in the translated value of the designated portion of net investment being hedged until the investment is sold or substantially liquidated, while the impact attributable to components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness is recorded in interest expense, net of capitalized interest, on a systematic and rational basis. For derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, the change in fair value is recognized in earnings.
We classify the fair value of all our derivative contracts as either current or long-term, depending on the maturity date of the derivative contract. The cash flows from derivatives treated as cash flow hedges are classified in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the same category as the item being hedged.
Derivative valuations are based on observable inputs such as interest rates and commodity price curves, forward currency exchange rates, credit spreads, maturity dates, volatilities, and cross currency basis spreads. We use the income approach to value derivatives for foreign currency options and forwards, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps using observable market data for all significant inputs and standard valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount, assuming that participants are motivated but not compelled to transact.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
These financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. Each foreign entity determines its functional currency by reference to its primary economic environment. Our most significant foreign entities utilize the U.S. dollar, Euro, Sterling or the Australian dollar as their functional currencies. We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign entities that have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses of these foreign entities are translated at the average rate for the period. Equity is translated at historical rates and the resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of AOCI, which is a separate component of shareholders’ equity. Therefore, the U.S. dollar value of the non-equity translated items in our consolidated financial statements will fluctuate from period to period, depending on the changing value of the U.S. dollar versus these currencies.
We execute transactions in a number of different currencies. At the date that the transaction is recognized, each asset, liability, revenue, expense, gain or loss arising from the transaction is measured and recorded in the functional currency of the recording entity using the exchange rate in effect at that date. At each balance sheet date, recorded monetary balances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are adjusted using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date, with gains or losses recorded in other income or other expense, unless such monetary balances have been designated as hedges of net investments in our foreign entities. The net gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions were not material in 2021, 2020 and 2019. In addition, the unrealized gains or losses on our long-term intercompany receivables and payables which are denominated in a non-functional currency and which are not expected to be repaid in the foreseeable future are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments included as a component of AOCI.
Revenue and Expense Recognition
Guest cruise deposits are initially included in customer deposit liabilities when received. Customer deposits are subsequently recognized as cruise revenues, together with revenues from onboard and other activities, and all associated direct costs and expenses of a voyage are recognized as cruise costs and expenses, upon completion of voyages with durations of ten nights or less and on a pro rata basis for voyages in excess of ten nights. The impact of recognizing these shorter duration cruise revenues and costs and expenses on a completed voyage basis versus on a pro rata basis is not material. Certain of our product offerings are bundled and we allocate the value of the bundled services and goods between passenger ticket revenues and onboard and other revenues based upon the estimated standalone selling prices of those goods and services. Guest cancellation fees, when applicable, are recognized in passenger ticket revenues at the time of cancellation.
Our sales to guests of air and other transportation to and from airports near the home ports of our ships are included in passenger ticket revenues, and the related costs of purchasing these services are included in transportation costs. The proceeds that we collect from the sales of third-party shore excursions are included in onboard and other revenues and the related costs are included in onboard and other costs. The amounts collected on behalf of our onboard concessionaires, net of the amounts remitted to them, are included in onboard and other revenues as concession revenues. All of these amounts are recognized on a completed voyage or pro rata basis as discussed above.
Passenger ticket revenues include fees, taxes and charges collected by us from our guests. A portion of these fees, taxes and charges vary with guest head counts and are directly imposed on a revenue-producing arrangement. This portion of the fees, taxes and charges is expensed in commissions, transportation and other costs when the corresponding revenues are
recognized. These fees, taxes and charges included in commissions, transportation and other costs were $73 million in 2021, $215 million in 2020 and $659 million in 2019. The remaining portion of fees, taxes and charges are expensed in other operating expenses when the corresponding revenues are recognized.
Revenues and expenses from our hotel and transportation operations, which are included in our Tour and Other segment, are recognized at the time the services are performed.
Customer Deposits
Our payment terms generally require an initial deposit to confirm a reservation, with the balance due prior to the voyage. Cash received from guests in advance of the cruise is recorded in customer deposits and in other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts include refundable deposits. We have provided flexibility to guests with bookings on sailings cancelled due to itinerary disruptions by allowing guests to receive enhanced future cruise credits (“FCC”) or elect to receive refunds in cash. Enhanced FCCs provide the guest with an additional credit value above the original cash deposit received, and the enhanced value is recognized as a discount applied to the future cruise in the period used. We have paid and expect to continue to pay cash refunds of customer deposits with respect to a portion of cancelled cruises. The amount of cash refunds to be paid may depend on the continued level of guest acceptance of FCCs and future cruise cancellations. We record a liability for unexpired FCCs to the extent we have received and not refunded cash from guests for cancelled bookings. We had total customer deposits of $3.5 billion and $2.2 billion as of November 30, 2021 and 2020. Refunds payable to guests who have elected cash refunds are recorded in accounts payable. During 2021 and 2020, we recognized revenues of $0.1 billion and $3.2 billion related to our customer deposits as of November 30, 2020 and 2019. Historically, our customer deposits balance changes due to the seasonal nature of cash collections, the recognition of revenue, refunds of customer deposits and foreign currency translation.
Although we generally require full payment from our customers prior to or concurrently with their cruise, we grant credit terms to a relatively small portion of our revenue source. We also have receivables from credit card merchants for cruise ticket purchases and onboard revenue. These receivables are included within trade and other receivables, net. We have agreements with a number of credit card processors that transact customer deposits related to our cruise vacations. Certain of these agreements allow the credit card processors to request, under certain circumstances, that we provide a reserve fund in cash. These reserve funds are included in other assets.
Contract Assets
Contract assets are amounts paid prior to the start of a voyage, which we record as an asset within prepaid expenses and otherand which are subsequently recognized as commissions, transportation and other at the time of revenue recognition or at the time of voyage cancellation. We have contract assets of an immaterial amount as of November 30, 2021 and 2020.
Insurance
We use a combination of insurance and self-insurance to cover a number of risks including illness and injury to crew, guest injuries, pollution, other third-party claims in connection with our cruise activities, damage to hull and machinery for each of our ships, war risks, workers’ compensation, directors’ and officers’ liability, property damage and general liability for shoreside third-party claims. We recognize insurance recoverables from third-party insurers up to the amount of recorded losses at the time the recovery is probable and upon settlement for amounts in excess of the recorded losses. All of our insurance policies are subject to coverage limits, exclusions and deductible levels. The liabilities associated with crew illnesses and crew and guest injury claims, including all legal costs, are estimated based on the specific merits of the individual claims or actuarially estimated based on historical claims experience, loss development factors and other assumptions.
Selling and Administrative Expenses
Selling expenses include a broad range of advertising, marketing and promotional expenses. Advertising is charged to expense as incurred, except for media production costs, which are expensed upon the first airing of the advertisement. Selling expenses totaled $340 million in 2021, $348 million in 2020 and $728 million in 2019. Administrative expenses represent the costs of our shoreside support, reservations and other administrative functions, and include salaries and related benefits, professional fees and building occupancy costs, which are typically expensed as incurred.
Share-Based Compensation
We recognize compensation expense for all share-based compensation awards using the fair value method. For time-based share awards, we recognize compensation cost ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the expected vesting period or to the retirement eligibility date, if earlier than the vesting period. For performance-based share awards, we estimate compensation cost based on the probability of the performance condition being achieved and recognize expense ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the expected vesting period. If all or a portion of the performance condition is not expected to be met, the appropriate amount of previously recognized compensation expense is reversed and future compensation expense is adjusted accordingly. For market-based share awards, we recognize compensation cost ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the expected vesting period. If the target market conditions are not expected to be met, compensation expense will still be recognized. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares and common stock equivalents outstanding during each period. For earnings per share purposes, Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares are considered a single class of shares since they have equivalent rights.
Accounting Pronouncements
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options and Derivative and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments. This guidance eliminates certain models that require separate accounting for embedded conversion features, in certain cases. Additionally, among other changes, the guidance eliminates certain of the conditions for equity classification for contracts in an
entity’s own equity. The guidance also requires entities to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments in the diluted earnings per share calculation and include the effect of share settlement for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares, except for certain liability-classified share-based payment awards. This guidance is required to be adopted by us in the first quarter of 2023 and must be applied using either a modified or full retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3 – Property and Equipment
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
Ships and ship improvements
$
50,501
$
49,803
Ships under construction
1,536
1,354
Other property and equipment
3,928
3,992
Total property and equipment
55,965
55,148
Less accumulated depreciation
(17,858)
(17,075)
$
38,107
$
38,073
Capitalized interest amounted to $83 million in 2021, $66 million in 2020 and $39 million in 2019.
Sales of Ships
During 2021, we completed the sale of one NAA segment ship, which represents a passenger-capacity reduction of 670 berths for our NAA segment and one EA segment ship, which represents a passenger-capacity reduction of 1,180 berths for our EA segment.
Refer to Note 10 - “Fair Value Measurements, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities and Financial Risks, Nonfinancial Instruments that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis, Impairment of Ships” for additional discussion.
NOTE 4 – Other Assets
We have a minority interest in Grand Bahama Shipyard Ltd. (“Grand Bahama”), a ship repair and maintenance facility. Grand Bahama provided services to us of $11 million in 2021, $38 million in 2020 and $62 million in 2019. As of November 30, 2021, our investment in Grand Bahama was $47 million, consisting of $14 million in equity and a loan of $33 million. As of November 30, 2020, our investment in Grand Bahama was $55 million, consisting of $13 million in equity and a loan of $42 million.
We have a minority interest in the White Pass & Yukon Route (“White Pass”) that includes port, railroad and retail operations in Skagway, Alaska. White Pass provided an immaterial amount of services to us in 2021. White Pass provided no services to us in 2020. As a result of the effects of COVID-19 on the 2021 Alaska season, we evaluated whether our investment in White Pass was other than temporarily impaired and performed an impairment assessment. As a result of our assessment, we recognized an impairment charge of $17 million for our investment in White Pass in other income (expense), net. As of November 30, 2021, our investment in White Pass was $76 million, consisting of $49 million in equity and a loan of $27 million. As of November 30, 2020, our investment in White Pass was $94 million, consisting of $75 million in equity and a loan of $19 million.
We have a minority interest in CSSC Carnival Cruise Shipping Limited (“CSSC-Carnival”), a China-based cruise company which will operate its own fleet designed to serve the Chinese market. As of November 30, 2021 and 2020, our investment in CSSC-Carnival was $119 million and $140 million. During 2020, we sold to CSSC-Carnival a controlling interest in an entity with full ownership of two EA segment ships and recognized a related gain of $107 million, included in other operating expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). During 2021, we sold to CSSC-Carnival our remaining $283 million investment in the minority interest of the same entity. During 2021 and 2020, we made capital contributions to CSSC-Carnival in the amount of $90 million and $81 million, respectively. For the years ending November 30, 2021 and 2020, we paid CSSC-Carnival a total of $55 million for the lease of ships.
Refer to Note 7 - “Contingencies, Other Contingencies” for discussion regarding credit card processor reserve funds which are also included in the other assets balance on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The scheduled maturities of our debt are as follows:
November 30, 2021
(in millions)
Rate (a) (c)
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Thereafter
Secured Debt
Notes
Notes
10.5%
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
775
$
—
EUR Notes
10.1%
—
—
—
—
481
—
Notes
7.9%
—
—
—
—
—
192
Notes
9.9%
—
—
—
—
—
900
Notes
4.0%
—
—
—
—
—
2,406
Loans
EUR fixed rate
5.5 - 6.2%
30
30
30
8
—
—
EUR floating rate
EURIBOR + 2.7 - 3.8%
20
20
20
878
11
—
Floating rate
LIBOR + 3.0 - 3.3%
36
42
42
1,804
23
2,191
Total Secured Debt
86
92
92
2,690
1,290
5,688
Unsecured Debt
Revolver
Facility
LIBOR + 0.7%
—
—
2,790
—
—
—
Notes
EUR Notes
1.9%
622
—
—
—
—
—
Convertible Notes
5.8%
—
522
—
—
—
—
Notes
7.2%
—
125
—
—
—
—
Notes
7.6%
—
—
—
—
1,450
—
EUR Notes
7.6%
—
—
—
—
566
—
Notes
5.8%
—
—
—
—
—
3,500
Notes
6.7%
—
—
—
—
—
200
Notes
6.0%
—
—
—
—
—
2,000
EUR Notes
1.0%
—
—
—
—
—
679
Loans
Floating rate
LIBOR + 3.8 - 4.5%
—
290
300
—
—
—
GBP floating rate
GBP LIBOR + 0.9%
—
—
93
374
—
—
EUR floating rate
EURIBOR + 0.3 - 4.8%
413
490
189
189
94
—
Export Credit Facilities
Floating rate
LIBOR + 0.5 - 1.5%
202
246
246
186
163
406
EUR floating rate
EURIBOR + 0.2 - 1.6%
269
468
441
364
317
952
Fixed rate
2.4 - 3.4%
260
387
387
387
387
1,596
EUR fixed rate
1.1 - 1.6%
74
144
144
144
144
832
Total Unsecured Debt
1,840
2,673
4,590
1,642
3,120
10,165
Total Debt
$
1,927
$
2,765
$
4,682
$
4,332
$
4,411
$
15,854
(a)Substantially all of our variable debt has a 0.0% to 0.75% floor.
(b)Amounts outstanding under our $1.7 billion, €1.0 billion and £0.2 billion multi-currency revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”) were drawn in 2020 for an initial six-month term. We may continue to re-borrow or otherwise utilize available amounts under the Revolving Facility through August 2024, subject to satisfaction of the conditions in the facility. We had $0.2 billion available for borrowing under our Revolving Facility as of November 30, 2021. The Revolving Facility also includes an emissions linked margin adjustment whereby, after the initial applicable margin is
set per the margin pricing grid, the margin may be adjusted based on performance in achieving certain agreed annual carbon emissions goals. We are required to pay a commitment fee on any unutilized portion.
(c)The above debt tables do not include the impact of our foreign currency and interest rate swaps. The interest rates on some of our debt, and in the case of our Revolving Facility, fluctuate based on the applicable rating of senior unsecured long-term securities of Carnival Corporation or Carnival plc.
Secured Debt
Our secured debt is secured on a first-priority basis by collateral, which includes vessels and material intellectual property with a net book value of approximately $25.6 billion as of November 30, 2021 and certain other assets.
Repricing of 2025 Secured Term Loan
In June 2021, we entered into an amendment to reprice our $2.8 billion 2025 Secured Term Loan (the “2025 Secured Term Loan”). The amended U.S. dollar tranche bears interest at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR (with a 0.75% floor) plus 3%. The amended euro tranche bears interest at a rate per annum equal to EURIBOR (with a 0% floor) plus 3.75%.
2028 Senior Secured Notes
In July 2021, we issued $2.4 billion aggregate principal amount of 4% first-priority senior secured notes due in 2028 (the “2028 Senior Secured Notes”). We used the net proceeds from the issuance to purchase $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Senior Secured Notes and to pay accrued interest on such notes and related fees and expenses. The 2028 Senior Secured Notes mature on August 1, 2028.
2028 Senior Secured Term Loan
In October 2021, we borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $2.3 billion under a new term loan. We used the net proceeds from this borrowing to redeem the $2.0 billion outstanding aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Senior Secured Notes and to pay accrued interest on such notes and related fees and expenses. Borrowings under the new term loan bear interest at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR (with a 0.75% floor) plus 3.25% and mature on October 18, 2028.
Unsecured Debt
2027 Senior Unsecured Notes
In February 2021, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $3.5 billion senior unsecured notes that mature on March 1, 2027
(the “2027 Senior Unsecured Notes”). The 2027 Senior Unsecured Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.75% per year.
2029 Senior Unsecured Notes
In November 2021, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $2.0 billion senior unsecured notes that mature on May 1, 2029 (the “2029 Senior Unsecured Notes”), intended to refinance various 2022 and other debt maturities. The 2029 Senior Unsecured Notes bear interest at a rate of 6% per year and are callable beginning November 1, 2024.
Export Credit Facility Borrowing
In December 2020, we borrowed $1.5 billion under export credit facilities due in semi-annual installments through 2033.
In July 2021, we borrowed $544 million under an export credit facility due in semi-annual installments through 2033.
Debt Holidays
In 2021, we amended all of our export credit facilities to defer approximately $1.0 billion of principal payments that would otherwise have been due over a one year period commencing April 1, 2021 until March 31, 2022, with repayments to be made over the following five years. The cumulative deferred principal amount of the debt holiday amendments, inclusive of the amendments entered into in 2020, is approximately $1.7 billion. In addition, these amendments aligned the financial covenants of all our export credit facilities with our other facilities.
In 2020, we issued $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.75% convertible senior notes due 2023 (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes mature on April 1, 2023, unless earlier repurchased or redeemed by us or earlier converted in accordance with their terms prior to the maturity date. Since April 2020, we have had repurchases and conversions of convertible debt as a result of which the principal amount of debt decreased by $1.5 billion.
The Convertible Notes are convertible by holders, subject to the conditions described within the indenture that governs the Convertible Notes, into cash, shares of Carnival Corporation common stock, or a combination thereof, at our election. The Convertible Notes have an initial conversion rate of 100 shares of Carnival Corporation common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes, equivalent to an initial conversion price of $10 per share of common stock. The initial conversion price is subject to certain anti-dilutive adjustments and may also increase if the Convertible Notes are converted in connection with a tax redemption or certain corporate events. As of November 30, 2021, a condition allowing holders of the Convertible Notes to convert has been met and therefore the Convertible Notes are convertible. Refer to Note 15 - “Supplemental Cash Flow Information” for additional detail on transactions related to the Convertible Notes.
We may redeem the Convertible Notes, in whole but not in part, at any time on or prior to December 31, 2022 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, if we or any guarantor would have to pay any additional amounts on the Convertible Notes due to a change in tax laws, regulations or rulings or a change in the official application, administration or interpretation thereof.
We account for the Convertible Notes as separate liability and equity components. We determined the carrying amount of the liability component as the present value of its cash flows.
The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was $286 million on the date of issuance and was calculated by deducting the carrying value of the liability component from the initial proceeds from the Convertible Notes. The excess of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes over the carrying amount of the liability component represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Notes under the effective interest rate method using an effective annual interest rate of 12.9%. The carrying amount of the equity component was reduced to zero in conjunction with the partial repurchase of Convertible Notes in August 2020 because at the time of repurchase, the fair value of the equity component for the portion of the Convertible Notes that was repurchased, exceeded the total amount of the equity component recorded at the time the Convertible Notes were issued.
The net carrying value of the liability component of the Convertible Notes was as follows:
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
Principal
$
522
$
537
Less: Unamortized debt discount
(45)
(76)
$
478
$
461
The interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes was as follows:
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
Contractual interest expense
$
31
$
58
Amortization of debt discount
29
50
$
60
$
109
As of November 30, 2021, the if-converted value above par was $398 million on available shares of 52 million for the Convertible Notes.
Covenant Compliance
Our Revolving Facility, unsecured loans and our export credit facilities, as of January 13, 2022, contain one or more covenants that require us to:
•Maintain minimum interest coverage (EBITDA to consolidated net interest charges (the “Interest Coverage Covenant”)) at the end of each fiscal quarter from February 28, 2023, at a ratio of not less than 2.0 to 1.0 for the February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2023 testing dates, 2.5 to 1.0 for the August 31, 2023 and
November 30, 2023 testing dates, and 3.0 to 1.0 for the February 28, 2024 testing date onwards, or through their
respective maturity dates
•Maintain minimum shareholders’ equity of $5.0 billion
•From the November 30, 2021 testing date until the May 31, 2023 testing date, the Debt to Capital Covenant is not to exceed 75%, following which it will be tested at levels which decline ratably to 65% from the May 31, 2024 testing date onwards
•Maintain minimum liquidity of $1.0 billion through February 29, 2024
•Adhere to certain restrictive covenants through November 30, 2024
•Restrict the granting of guarantees and security interests for certain of our outstanding debt through November 30,
2024
•Limit the amounts of our secured assets as well as secured and other indebtedness
At November 30, 2021, we were in compliance with the applicable covenants under our debt agreements. Generally, if an event of default under any debt agreement occurs, then, pursuant to cross default acceleration clauses, substantially all of our outstanding debt and derivative contract payables could become due, and all debt and derivative contracts could be terminated. Any financial covenant amendment may lead to increased costs, increased interest rates, additional restrictive covenants and other available lenderprotections that would be applicable.
Carnival Corporation or Carnival plc and certain of our subsidiaries have guaranteed substantially all of our indebtedness.
NOTE 6 – Commitments
Newbuild capital expenditures as of November 30, 2021:
(in millions)
Year
2022
$
4,355
2023
2,576
2024
1,641
2025
987
2026 and thereafter
—
$
9,560
NOTE 7 – Contingencies
Litigation
We are routinely involved in legal proceedings, claims, disputes, regulatory matters and governmental inspections or investigations arising in the ordinary course of or incidental to our business, including those noted below. Additionally, as a result of the impact of COVID-19, litigation claims, enforcement actions, regulatory actions and investigations, including, but not limited to, those arising from personal injury and loss of life, have been and may, in the future, be asserted against us. We expect many of these claims and actions, or any settlement of these claims and actions, to be covered by insurance and historically the maximum amount of our liability, net of any insurance recoverables, has been limited to our self-insurance retention levels.
We record provisions in the consolidated financial statements for pending litigation when we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
Legal proceedings and government investigations are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings or other events could occur. Unfavorable resolutions could involve substantial monetary damages. In addition, in matters for which conduct remedies are sought, unfavorable resolutions could include an injunction or other order prohibiting us from selling one or more products at all or in particular ways, precluding particular business practices or requiring other remedies. An unfavorable outcome might result in a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
As previously disclosed, on May 2, 2019, two lawsuits were filed against Carnival Corporation in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida under Title III of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act, also known as the Helms-Burton Act, alleging that Carnival Corporation “trafficked” in confiscated Cuban property when certain ships docked at certain ports in Cuba, and that this alleged “trafficking” entitles the plaintiffs to treble damages. In the matter filed by Havana Docks Corporation, on January 12, 2022, the court continued the trial date to May 23, 2022. Motions for summary judgment have been filed and hearings were concluded on January 18, 2022. In the matter filed by Javier Bengochea, on October 4, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit Court heard oral arguments and on December 20, 2021, the court issued an order inviting an amicus brief from the U.S. government on several issues involved in the appeal. We continue to believe we have a meritorious defense to these actions and we believe that any liability which may arise as a result of these actions will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
As previously disclosed, on April 8, 2020, DeCurtis LLC (“DeCurtis”), a former vendor, filed an action against Carnival Corporation in the U.S. District Court for Middle District of Florida seeking declaratory relief that DeCurtis is not infringing on several of Carnival Corporation’s patents in relation to its OCEAN Medallion systems and technology. The action also raises certain monopolization claims under The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, unfair competition and tortious interference, and seeks declaratory judgment that certain Carnival Corporation patents are unenforceable. DeCurtis seeks damages, including its fees and costs, and seeks declarations that it is not infringing and/or that Carnival Corporation’s patents are unenforceable. On April 10, 2020, Carnival Corporation filed an action against DeCurtis in the Southern District of Florida for breach of contract, trade secrets violations and patent infringement. Carnival Corporation seeks damages, including its fees and costs, as well as an order permanently enjoining DeCurtis from engaging in such activities. These two cases have now been consolidated in the Southern District of Florida. The parties’ motions to dismiss in both actions have been granted in part and denied in part. Answers have been filed by both parties. We believe the ultimate outcome will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Additionally, on April 8, 2021, DeCurtis filed challenges to several of Carnival Corporation’s patents with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, seeking to invalidate certain patents on the basis of alleged prior art, overbreadth of the patents, and obviousness of the technologies. On October 12, 2021 a ruling was issued upholding Carnival Corporation’s patents, therefore bringing this separate matter to a close.
Contingent Obligations – Indemnifications
Some of the debt contracts we enter into include indemnification provisions obligating us to make payments to the counterparty if certain events occur. These contingencies generally relate to changes in taxes or changes in laws which increase the lender’s costs. There are no stated or notional amounts included in the indemnification clauses, and we are not able to estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments, if any, under these indemnification clauses.
Other Contingencies
We have agreements with a number of credit card processors that transact customer deposits related to our cruise vacations. Certain of these agreements allow the credit card processors to request, under certain circumstances, that we provide a reserve fund in cash. Although the agreements vary, these requirements may generally be satisfied either through a withheld percentage of customer payments or providing cash funds directly to the credit card processor. As of November 30, 2021 and 2020, we had $1.1 billion and $0.4 billion, respectively, in reserve funds related to our customer deposits withheld to satisfy these requirements which are included in other assets. We continue to expect to provide reserve funds under these agreements. Additionally, as of November 30, 2021, we had $30 million of cash collateral in escrow which is included within other assets. As of November 30, 2020, we had $166 million of cash collateral in escrow of which $136 million was included within prepaid expenses and other.
We have and may continue to be impacted by breaches in data security and lapses in data privacy, which occur from time to time. These can vary in scope and intent from inadvertent events to malicious motivated attacks.
We detected ransomware attacks in August 2020 and December 2020 which resulted in unauthorized access to our information technology systems. We engaged a major cybersecurity firm to investigate these matters and notified law enforcement and regulators of these incidents. For the August 2020 event, the investigation, communication and reporting phases are complete. We determined that the unauthorized third-party gained access to certain personal information relating to some guests, employees and crew for some of our operations. For the December 2020 event, the investigation and remediation phases are in process. Regulators were notified, and several, including the primary regulatory authority in the European Union, have closed their files on this matter.
We have been contacted by various regulatory agencies regarding these and other cyber incidents. The New York Department of Financial Services (“NY DFS”) has notified us of their intent to commence proceedings seeking penalties if settlement cannot be reached in advance of litigation. To date, we have not been able to reach an agreement with NY DFS. In addition,
State Attorneys General from a number of states have completed their investigation of a data security event announced in March 2020, and the Company is currently negotiating a settlement with the relevant State Attorneys General.
We continue to work with regulators regarding cyber incidents we have experienced. We have incurred legal and other costs in connection with cyber incidents that have impacted us. While at this time we do not believe that these incidents will have a material adverse effect on our business, operations or financial results, no assurances can be given about the future and we may be subject to future litigation, attacks or incidents that could have such a material adverse effect.
We are subject to a court-ordered environmental compliance plan supervised by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, which is operative until April 2022 and subjects our operations to additional review and other obligations. Failure to comply with the requirements of this environmental compliance plan or other special conditions of probation could result in fines, which the court has imposed in the past, and restrictions on our operations.
COVID-19 Matters
Private Actions
We have been named in a number of individual actions related to COVID-19. Private parties have brought approximately 82 lawsuits as of January 13, 2022 in several U.S. federal and state courts as well as in France, Italy and Brazil. These actions include tort claims based on a variety of theories, including negligence and failure to warn. The plaintiffs in these actions allege a variety of injuries: some plaintiffs confined their claim to emotional distress, while others allege injuries arising from testing positive for COVID-19. A smaller number of actions include wrongful death claims. As of January 13, 2022, eight of these individual actions have now been dismissed or settled. These actions were settled for immaterial amounts.
Additionally, as of January 13, 2022, ten purported class actions have been brought by former guests from Ruby Princess, Diamond Princess, Grand Princess, Coral Princess, Costa Luminosa or Zaandam in several U.S. federal courts and in the Federal Court of Australia. These actions include tort claims based on a variety of theories, including negligence, gross negligence and failure to warn, physical injuries and severe emotional distress associated with being exposed to and/or contracting COVID-19 onboard. As of January 13, 2022, five of these class actions have either been settled individually or had their class allegations dismissed by the courts. These actions were settled for immaterial amounts.
All COVID-19 matters seek monetary damages and most seek additional punitive damages in unspecified amounts.
As previously disclosed, on December 15, 2020, a consolidated class action with lead plaintiffs, the New England Carpenters Pension and Guaranteed Annuity Fund and the Massachusetts Laborers’ Pension and Annuity Fund was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 by making misrepresentations and omissions related to Carnival Corporation’s COVID-19 knowledge and response. Plaintiffs seek to recover unspecified damages and equitable relief for the alleged misstatements and omissions. The plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint on July 2, 2021 and on August 6, 2021, we filed a motion to dismiss, which has now been fully briefed.
We continue to take actions to defend against the above claims.
Governmental Inquiries and Investigations
Federal and non-U.S. governmental agencies and officials are investigating or otherwise seeking information, testimony and/or documents, regarding COVID-19 incidents and related matters. We are investigating these matters internally and are cooperating with all requests. The investigations could result in the imposition of civil and criminal penalties in the future.
As previously disclosed, the investigation in New Zealand related to incidents of COVID-19 on the Ruby Princess has now been closed, concluding we are not in breach of any rules or regulations.
NOTE 8 – Taxation
A summary of our principal taxes and exemptions in the jurisdictions where our significant operations are located is as follows:
We are primarily foreign corporations engaged in the business of operating cruise ships in international transportation. We also own and operate, among other businesses, the U.S. hotel and transportation business of Holland America Princess Alaska Tours through U.S. corporations.
Our North American cruise ship businesses and certain ship-owning subsidiaries are engaged in a trade or business within the U.S. Depending on its itinerary, any particular ship may generate income from sources within the U.S. We believe that our U.S. source income and the income of our ship-owning subsidiaries, to the extent derived from, or incidental to, the international operation of a ship or ships, is currently exempt from U.S. federal income and branch profit taxes.
Our domestic U.S. operations, principally the hotel and transportation business of Holland America Princess Alaska Tours, are subject to federal and state income taxation in the U.S.
In general, under Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code, certain non-U.S. corporations (such as our North American cruise ship businesses) are not subject to U.S. federal income tax or branch profits tax on U.S. source income derived from, or incidental to, the international operation of a ship or ships. Applicable U.S. Treasury regulations provide in general that a foreign corporation will qualify for the benefits of Section 883 if, in relevant part, (i) the foreign country in which the foreign corporation is organized grants an equivalent exemption to corporations organized in the U.S. in respect of each category of shipping income for which an exemption is being claimed under Section 883 (an “equivalent exemption jurisdiction”) and (ii) the foreign corporation meets a defined publicly-traded corporation stock ownership test (the “publicly-traded test”). Subsidiaries of foreign corporations that are organized in an equivalent exemption jurisdiction and meet the publicly-traded test also benefit from Section 883. We believe that Panama is an equivalent exemption jurisdiction and that Carnival Corporation currently satisfies the publicly-traded test under the regulations. Accordingly, substantially all of Carnival Corporation’s income is exempt from U.S. federal income and branch profit taxes.
Regulations under Section 883 list certain activities that the IRS does not consider to be incidental to the international operation of ships and, therefore, the income attributable to such activities, to the extent such income is U.S. source, does not qualify for the Section 883 exemption. Among the activities identified as not incidental are income from the sale of air transportation, transfers, shore excursions and pre- and post-cruise land packages to the extent earned from sources within the U.S.
We believe that the U.S. source transportation income earned by Carnival plc and its subsidiaries currently qualifies for exemption from U.S. federal income tax under applicable bilateral U.S. income tax treaties.
Carnival Corporation, Carnival plc and certain subsidiaries are subject to various U.S. state income taxes generally imposed on each state’s portion of the U.S. source income subject to U.S. federal income taxes. However, the state of Alaska imposes an income tax on its allocated portion of the total income of our companies doing business in Alaska and certain of their subsidiaries.
UK and Australian Income Tax
Cunard, P&O Cruises (UK) and P&O Cruises (Australia) are divisions of Carnival plc and have elected to enter UK tonnage tax under a rolling ten-year term and, accordingly, reapply every year. Companies to which the tonnage tax regime applies pay corporation taxes on profits calculated by reference to the net tonnage of qualifying ships. UK corporation tax is not chargeable under the normal UK tax rules on these brands’ relevant shipping income. Relevant shipping income includes income from the operation of qualifying ships and from shipping related activities.
For a company to be eligible for the regime, it must be subject to UK corporation tax and, among other matters, operate qualifying ships that are strategically and commercially managed in the UK. Companies within UK tonnage tax are also subject to a seafarer training requirement.
Our UK non-shipping activities that do not qualify under the UK tonnage tax regime remain subject to normal UK corporation tax.
P&O Cruises (Australia) and all of the other cruise ships operated internationally by Carnival plc for the cruise segment of the Australian vacation region are exempt from Australian corporation tax by virtue of the UK/Australian income tax treaty.
In 2015, Costa and AIDA re-elected to enter the Italian tonnage tax regime through 2024 and can reapply for an additional ten-year period beginning in early 2025. Companies to which the tonnage tax regime applies pay corporation taxes on shipping profits calculated by reference to the net tonnage of qualifying ships.
Most of Costa’s and AIDA’s earnings that are not eligible for taxation under the Italian tonnage tax regime will be taxed at an effective tax rate of 4.8% in 2021 and 2020.
Substantially all of AIDA’s earnings are exempt from German income taxes by virtue of the Germany/Italy income tax treaty.
Asian Countries Income Taxes
Substantially all of our brands’ income from their international operations in Asian countries is exempt from income tax by virtue of relevant income tax treaties.
Other
We recognize income tax provisions for uncertain tax positions, based solely on their technical merits, when it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant tax authority. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Based on all known facts and circumstances and current tax law, we believe that the total amount of our uncertain income tax position liabilities and related accrued interest are not material to our financial position. All interest expense related to income tax liabilities is included in income tax expense.
In addition to or in place of income taxes, virtually all jurisdictions where our ships call impose taxes, fees and other charges based on guest counts, ship tonnage, passenger capacity or some other measure, and these taxes, fees and other charges are included in commissions, transportation and other costs and other operating expenses.
NOTE 9 – Shareholders’ Equity
Share Repurchase Program
Under a share repurchase program effective 2004, we had been authorized to repurchase Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares (the “Repurchase Program”). On June 15, 2020, to enhance our liquidity and comply with restrictions in our recent financing transactions, the Boards of Directors terminated the Repurchase Program.
Carnival Corporation
Carnival plc
(in millions)
Number of Shares Repurchased
Dollar Amount Paid for Shares Repurchased
Number of Shares Repurchased
Dollar Amount Paid for Shares Repurchased
2020
—
$
—
0.2
$
10
2019
0.6
$
26
12.2
$
569
Stock Swap Program
We have a program that allows us to realize a net cash benefit when Carnival Corporation common stock is trading at a premium to the price of Carnival plc ordinary shares (the “Stock Swap Program”).
During 2021, under the Stock Swap Program, we sold 8.9 million shares of Carnival Corporation’s common stock and repurchased the same amount of Carnival plc ordinary shares resulting in net proceeds of $19 million, which were used for general corporate purposes. During 2020 and 2019, there were no sales or repurchases under the Stock Swap Program.
Total Number of Shares of Carnival plc Ordinary Shares Purchased (a)
Average Price Paid per Share of Carnival plc Ordinary Share
Maximum Number of Carnival plc Ordinary Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Carnival Corporation Stock Swap Program
2021
8.9
$
20.99
9.5
(a) No ordinary shares of Carnival plc were purchased outside of publicly announced plans or programs.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
2019
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net
$
(1,501)
$
(1,382)
$
(1,961)
Unrecognized pension expenses
(45)
(95)
(88)
Net gains (losses) on cash flow derivative hedges
44
41
(18)
$
(1,501)
$
(1,436)
$
(2,066)
During 2021, 2020 and 2019, there were $7 million, $3 million and $5 million of unrecognized pension expenses that were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss and were included within payroll and related expenses and selling and administrative expenses.
Dividends
To enhance our liquidity, as well as comply with the dividend restrictions contained in our debt agreements, in 2020 we suspended the payment of dividends on the common stock of Carnival Corporation and the ordinary shares of Carnival plc. We declared quarterly cash dividends on all of our common stock and ordinary shares as follows:
Quarters Ended
(in millions, except per share data)
February 28/29
May 31
August 31
November 30
2020
Dividends declared per share
$
0.50
$
—
$
—
$
—
Dividends declared
$
342
$
—
$
—
$
—
2019
Dividends declared per share
$
0.50
$
0.50
$
0.50
$
0.50
Dividends declared
$
345
$
346
$
342
$
346
Carnival Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation authorize its Boards of Directors, at its discretion, to issue up to 40 million shares of preferred stock. At November 30, 2021 and 2020, no Carnival Corporation preferred stock or Carnival plc preference shares had been issued.
Public Equity Offerings
In April 2020, we completed a public offering of 71.9 million shares of Carnival Corporation’s common stock at a price per share of $8.00, resulting in net proceeds of $556 million.
In October 2020, we completed our $1.0 billion “at-the-market” (“ATM”) equity offering program that was announced on September 15, 2020, pursuant to which we sold 67.1 million shares of Carnival Corporation common stock.
In November 2020, we completed our $1.5 billion ATM equity offering program that was announced on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which we sold 94.5 million shares of Carnival Corporation common stock.
In February 2021, we completed a public offering of 40.5 million shares of Carnival Corporation’s common stock at a price per share of $25.10, resulting in net proceeds of $996 million.
Since June 2021, we have sold 0.6 million shares of Carnival Corporation common stock at an average price per share of $21.32, resulting in net proceeds of $13 million.
NOTE 10 – Fair Value Measurements, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities and Financial Risks
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received for selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and is measured using inputs in one of the following three categories:
•Level 1 measurements are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Valuation of these items does not entail a significant amount of judgment.
•Level 2 measurements are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or market data other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities.
•Level 3 measurements are based on unobservable data that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Considerable judgment may be required in interpreting market data used to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, certain estimates of fair value presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current or future market exchange.
Financial Instruments that are not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
November 30, 2021
November 30, 2020
Carrying Value
Fair Value
Carrying Value
Fair Value
(in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Liabilities
Fixed rate debt (a)
$
19,555
$
—
$
19,013
$
—
$
15,547
$
—
$
16,258
$
—
Floating rate debt (a)
14,415
—
13,451
—
12,034
—
11,412
—
Total
$
33,970
$
—
$
32,463
$
—
$
27,581
$
—
$
27,670
$
—
(a)The debt amounts above do not include the impact of interest rate swaps or debt issuance costs. The fair values of our publicly-traded notes were based on their unadjusted quoted market prices in markets that are not sufficiently active to be Level 1 and, accordingly, are considered Level 2. The fair values of our other debt were estimated based on current market interest rates being applied to this debt.
Financial Instruments that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
(a)Short-term investments consist of marketable securities with original maturities of between three and twelve months.
Nonfinancial Instruments that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Valuation of Goodwill and Trademarks
As a result of the gradual resumption of guest cruise operations and its effect on our expected future operating cash flows, we performed interim discounted cash flow analyses for certain reporting units with goodwill as of May 31, 2021 and determined there was no impairment. As of July 31, 2021, we performed our annual goodwill and trademark impairments reviews and we determined there was no impairment for goodwill and trademarks at our annual test date.
As of November 30, 2021, as a result of the continued gradual resumption of guest cruise operations, ongoing impacts of COVID-19 and its effect on our expected future operating cash flows, including changes in estimates related to the timing of our full return to guest cruise operations and improved profitability, we performed interim discounted cash flow analyses for our EA segment reporting units and determined their estimated fair values no longer exceeded their carrying values. As a result, we recognized goodwill impairment charges of $226 million and accordingly have no remaining goodwill for those reporting units.
During 2020, we performed interim discounted cash flow analyses for certain reporting units with goodwill as of February 29, 2020 and for all reporting units with goodwill or trademarks as of May 31, 2020 and recognized goodwill impairment charges of $2.1 billion.
As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, we performed our annual goodwill and trademark impairment reviews and we determined there was no incremental impairment for goodwill or trademarks.
The determination of the fair value of our reporting units’ goodwill and trademarks includes numerous estimates and underlying assumptions that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. The effect of COVID-19 and the gradual resumption of guest cruise operations have created additional uncertainty in forecasting the operating results and future cash flows used in our impairment analyses. We believe that we have made reasonable estimates and judgments. The assumptions, all of which are considered Level 3 inputs, used in our cash flow analyses consisted of:
•The timing and pace of our full return to guest cruise operations
•Weighted-average cost of capital of market participants, adjusted for the risk attributable to the geographic regions in which these cruise brands operate (“WACC”)
The estimated fair value of the reporting unit with remaining goodwill and of our trademarks significantly exceeded their carrying value as of the date of the most recent impairment test. Refer to Note 2 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Preparation of Financial Statements” for additional discussion.
We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate potential impairment. As a result of the continued effect of COVID-19 on our business and our updated expectations for certain of our ships, we determined that these ships had net carrying values that exceeded their respective estimated undiscounted future cash flows during 2021. We then estimated the fair value of these ships based on their respective estimated selling values. We then compared these estimated fair values to the net carrying values and, as a result, we recognized ship impairment charges as summarized in the table below. We believe we have made reasonable estimates and judgments as part of our assessments. A change in the principal assumptions, which influences the determination of fair value, may result in a need to perform additional impairment reviews. We performed undiscounted cash flow analyses on certain ships in our fleet throughout 2020 and determined that certain ships had net carrying values that exceeded their estimated undiscounted future cash flows. The table below summarizes the impairment charges recognized during 2021 and 2020. We did not recognize ship impairment charges during 2019. The principal assumption, considered a level 3 input, used in our impairment analyses consisted of the timing of the sale of ships and estimated proceeds.
The impairment charges summarized in the table below are included in ship and other impairments in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
NAA Segment
$
273
$
1,474
EA Segment
318
319
Total ship impairments
$
591
$
1,794
Refer to Note 2 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Preparation of Financial Statements” for additional discussion.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
November 30,
(in millions)
Balance Sheet Location
2021
2020
Derivative assets
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Cross currency swaps (a)
Prepaid expenses and other
$
1
$
—
Total derivative assets
$
1
$
—
Derivative liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Cross currency swaps (a)
Other long-term liabilities
$
8
$
—
Interest rate swaps (b)
Accrued liabilities and other
3
5
Other long-term liabilities
2
5
Total derivative liabilities
$
13
$
10
(a)At November 30, 2021, we had a cross currency swap totaling $201 million that is designated as a hedge of our net investment in foreign operations with a euro-denominated functional currency. At November 30, 2021, this cross currency swap settles through 2028. At November 30, 2020, we had no cross currency swaps.
(b)We have interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges whereby we receive floating interest rate payments in exchange for making fixed interest rate payments. These interest rate swap agreements effectively changed $160 million at November 30, 2021 and $248 million at November 30, 2020 of EURIBOR-based floating rate euro debt to fixed rate euro debt. At November 30, 2021, these interest rate swaps settle through 2025.
Our derivative contracts include rights of offset with our counterparties. We have elected to net certain of our derivative assets and liabilities within counterparties.
November 30, 2021
(in millions)
Gross Amounts
Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet
Total Net Amounts Presented in the Balance Sheet
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Balance Sheet
Net Amounts
Assets
$
1
$
—
$
1
$
—
$
1
Liabilities
$
13
$
—
$
13
$
—
$
13
November 30, 2020
(in millions)
Gross Amounts
Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet
Total Net Amounts Presented in the Balance Sheet
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Balance Sheet
Net Amounts
Assets
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Liabilities
$
10
$
—
$
10
$
—
$
10
The effect of our derivatives qualifying and designated as hedging instruments recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and in net income (loss) was as follows:
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
2019
Gains (losses) recognized in AOCI:
Cross currency swaps – net investment hedges - included component
$
(1)
$
131
$
43
Cross currency swaps – net investment hedges - excluded component
$
(6)
$
(1)
$
1
Foreign currency zero cost collars – cash flow hedges
$
—
$
1
$
(1)
Foreign currency forwards - cash flow hedges
$
—
$
53
$
—
Interest rate swaps – cash flow hedges
$
5
$
6
$
3
Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI – cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps – Interest expense, net of capitalized interest
$
(5)
$
(6)
$
(7)
Foreign currency zero cost collars - Depreciation and amortization
$
2
$
1
$
1
Gains (losses) recognized on derivative instruments (amount excluded from effectiveness testing – net investment hedges)
Cross currency swaps – Interest expense, net of capitalized interest
$
—
$
12
$
23
The amount of estimated cash flow hedges’ unrealized gains and losses that are expected to be reclassified to earnings in the next twelve months is not material.
Financial Risk
Fuel Price Risks
We manage our exposure to fuel price risk by managing our consumption of fuel. Substantially all of our exposure to market risk for changes in fuel prices relates to the consumption of fuel on our ships. We manage fuel consumption through ship maintenance practices, modifying our itineraries and implementing innovative technologies.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risks
Overall Strategy
We manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through our normal operating and financing activities, including netting certain exposures to take advantage of any natural offsets and, when considered appropriate,
through the use of derivative and non-derivative financial instruments. Our primary focus is to monitor our exposure to, and manage, the economic foreign currency exchange risks faced by our operations and realized if we exchange one currency for another. We consider hedging certain of our ship commitments and net investments in foreign operations. The financial impacts of the hedging instruments we do employ generally offset the changes in the underlying exposures being hedged.
Operational Currency Risks
Our operations primarily utilize the U.S. dollar, Euro, Sterling or the Australian dollar as their functional currencies. Our operations also have revenue and expenses denominated in non-functional currencies. Movements in foreign currency exchange rates affect our financial statements.
Investment Currency Risks
We consider our investments in foreign operations to be denominated in stable currencies and of a long-term nature. We partially mitigate the currency exposure of our investments in foreign operations by designating a portion of our foreign currency debt and derivatives as hedges of these investments. As of November 30, 2021, we have designated $467 million of our sterling-denominated debt as non-derivative hedges of our net investments in foreign operations. In 2021, we recognized $21 million of losses on these non-derivative net investment hedges in the cumulative translation adjustment section of other comprehensive income (loss). We also have euro-denominated debt, including the effect of cross currency swaps, which provides an economic offset for our operations with euro functional currency.
Newbuild Currency Risks
Our shipbuilding contracts are typically denominated in euros. Our decision to hedge a non-functional currency ship commitment for our cruise brands is made on a case-by-case basis, considering the amount and duration of the exposure, market volatility, economic trends, our overall expected net cash flows by currency and other offsetting risks. We have used foreign currency derivative contracts to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk for some of our ship construction payments.
At November 30, 2021, our remaining newbuild currency exchange rate risk primarily relates to euro-denominated newbuild contract payments to non-euro functional currency brands, which represent a total unhedged commitment of $6.8 billion for newbuilds scheduled to be delivered through 2025.
The cost of shipbuilding orders that we may place in the future that is denominated in a different currency than our cruise brands’ will be affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. These foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations may affect our decision to order new cruise ships.
Interest Rate Risks
We manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates through our debt portfolio management and investment strategies. We evaluate our debt portfolio to determine whether to make periodic adjustments to the mix of fixed and floating rate debt through the use of interest rate swaps and the issuance of new debt.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
As part of our ongoing control procedures, we monitor concentrations of credit risk associated with financial and other institutions with which we conduct significant business. We seek to manage these credit risk exposures, including counterparty nonperformance primarily associated with our cash equivalents, investments, notes receivables, reserve funds related to customer deposits, future financing facilities, contingent obligations, derivative instruments, insurance contracts, long-term ship charters and new ship progress payment guarantees, by:
•Conducting business with well-established financial institutions, insurance companies and export credit agencies
•Diversifying our counterparties
•Having guidelines regarding credit ratings and investment maturities that we follow to help safeguard liquidity and minimize risk
•Generally requiring collateral and/or guarantees to support notes receivable on significant asset sales, long-term ship charters and new ship progress payments to shipyards
At November 30, 2021, our exposures under derivative instruments were not material. We also monitor the creditworthiness of travel agencies and tour operators in Asia, Australia and Europe, which includes charter-hire agreements in Asia and credit and debit card providers to which we extend credit in the normal course of our business. Concentrations of credit risk associated with trade receivables and other receivables, charter-hire agreements and contingent obligations are not considered to be material, principally due to the large number of unrelated accounts, the nature of these contingent obligations and their short maturities. Normally, we have not required collateral or other security to support normal credit sales. Historically, we have not experienced significant credit losses, including counterparty nonperformance; however, because of the impact COVID-19 is having on economies, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, an increase in credit losses.
Our credit exposure also includes contingent obligations related to cash payments received directly by travel agents and tour operators for cash collected by them on cruise sales in Australia and most of Europe where we are obligated to honor our guests’ cruise payments made by them to their travel agents and tour operators regardless of whether we have received these payments.
NOTE 11 – Leases
On December 1, 2019, the Company adopted the FASB issued guidance, Leases using the modified retrospective approach. Substantially all of our leases for which we are the lessee are operating leases of port facilities and real estate and are included within operating lease right-of-use assets, long-term operating lease liabilities and current portion of operating lease liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of November 30, 2021.
We have port facilities and real estate lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, and in such cases, we account for the components as a single lease component.
We do not recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for any leases with an original term of less than one year. For some of our port facilities and real estate lease agreements, we have the option to extend our current lease term by 1 to 10 years. Generally, we do not include renewal options as a component of our present value calculation as we are not reasonably certain that we will exercise the options.
As most of our leases do not have a readily determinable implicit rate, we estimate the incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) to determine the present value of lease payments. We apply judgment in estimating the IBR including considering the term of the lease, the currency in which the lease is denominated, and the impact of collateral and our credit risk on the rate.
We amortize our lease assets on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The components of expense were as follows:
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
Operating lease expense
$
203
$
203
Variable lease expense (a) (b)
$
(100)
$
(61)
(a)Variable lease expense represents costs associated with our multi-year preferential berthing agreements which vary based on the number of passengers. These costs are recorded within commission, transportation and other in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Variable and short-term lease costs related to operating leases, other than the port facilities, were not material to our consolidated financial statements.
(b)Several of our preferential berthing agreements have force majeure provisions. We have treated the concessions granted under such provisions as variable payment adjustments. If our interpretation of the force majeure provisions is disputed, we could be required to record and make additional guarantee payments.
The cash outflow for leases was materially consistent with the lease expense recognized during 2021.
We have multiple agreements, with a total undiscounted minimum commitment of approximately $321 million, that have been executed but the lease term has not commenced as of November 30, 2021. These are substantially all related to our rights to use certain port facilities. The leases are expected to commence in 2022.
During 2021, we obtained $114 million of right-of-use assets in exchange for new operating lease liabilities.
Weighted average of the remaining lease terms and weighted average discount rates are as follows:
November 30, 2021
November 30, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)
12
13
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases
3.8
%
3.4
%
As of November 30, 2021, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:
(in millions)
Year
2022
$
202
2023
186
2024
167
2025
158
2026
145
Thereafter
880
Total lease payments
1,739
Less: Present value discount
(358)
Present value of lease liabilities
$
1,381
For time charter arrangements where we are the lessor and for transactions with cruise guests related to the use of cabins, we do not separate lease and non-lease components. As the non-lease components are the predominant components in the agreements, we account for these transactions under the Revenue Recognition guidance.
NOTE 12 – Segment Information
Our operating segments are reported on the same basis as the internally reported information that is provided to our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), who is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc. The CODM assesses performance and makes decisions to allocate resources for Carnival Corporation & plc based upon review of the results across all of our segments. Our four reportable segments are comprised of (1) NAA cruise operations, (2) EA cruise operations, (3) Cruise Support and (4) Tour and Other.
The operating segments within each of our NAA and EA reportable segments have been aggregated based on the similarity of their economic and other characteristics. Our Cruise Support segment includes our portfolio of leading port destinations and other services, all of which are operated for the benefit of our cruise brands. Our Tour and Other segment represents the hotel and transportation operations of Holland America Princess Alaska Tours and other operations.
NOTE 13 – Compensation Plans and Post-Employment Benefits
Equity Plans
We issue our share-based compensation awards, which at November 30, 2021 included time-based share awards (restricted stock awards and restricted stock units), performance-based share awards and market-based share awards (collectively “equity awards”), under the Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc stock plans. Equity awards are principally granted to management level employees and members of our Boards of Directors. The plans are administered by the Compensation Committee which is made up of independent directors who determine which employees are eligible to participate, the monetary value or number of shares for which equity awards are to be granted and the amounts that may be exercised or sold within a specified term. We had an aggregate of 17.6 million shares available for future grant at November 30, 2021. We fulfill our equity award obligations using shares purchased in the open market or with unissued or treasury shares. Our equity awards generally vest over a three-year period, subject to earlier vesting under certain conditions.
Shares
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at November 30, 2018
2,280,517
$
61.57
Granted
1,357,177
$
52.17
Vested
(960,693)
$
53.49
Forfeited
(185,625)
$
56.13
Outstanding at November 30, 2019
2,491,376
$
59.97
Granted
9,971,331
$
20.72
Vested
(1,641,570)
$
30.68
Forfeited
(480,361)
$
50.96
Outstanding at November 30, 2020
10,340,776
$
26.61
Granted
4,453,572
$
20.65
Vested
(6,618,083)
$
21.31
Forfeited
(729,073)
$
35.81
Outstanding at November 30, 2021
7,447,192
$
26.85
As of November 30, 2021, there was $80 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to equity awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years.
We maintain several single-employer defined benefit pension plans, which cover certain of our shipboard and shoreside employees. The U.S. and UK shoreside employee plans are closed to new membership and are funded at or above the level required by U.S. or UK regulations. The remaining defined benefit plans are primarily unfunded. These plans provide pension benefits primarily based on employee compensation and years of service.
UK Plan (a)
All Other Plans
(in millions)
2021
2020
2021
2020
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation as of December 1
$
303
$
299
$
280
$
259
Past service cost
—
—
10
20
Interest cost
4
5
4
6
Benefits paid
(10)
(16)
(5)
(14)
Actuarial (gain) loss on plans’ liabilities
(7)
14
(8)
13
Plan curtailments, settlements and other
7
—
(19)
(4)
Projected benefit obligation as of November 30
298
303
263
280
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets as of December 1
325
312
17
18
Return on plans’ assets
31
23
—
1
Employer contributions
1
6
17
14
Benefits paid
(10)
(16)
(5)
(14)
Plan settlements
—
—
(17)
(2)
Administrative expenses
8
(1)
—
—
Fair value of plan assets as of November 30
355
325
12
17
Funded status as of November 30
$
56
$
22
$
(250)
$
(263)
(a) The P&O Princess Cruises (UK) Pension Scheme (“UK Plan”)
The amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these plans were as follows:
UK Plan
All Other Plans
November 30,
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
2021
2020
Other assets
$
56
$
22
$
—
$
—
Accrued liabilities and other
$
—
$
—
$
23
$
32
Other long-term liabilities
$
—
$
—
$
227
$
231
The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $553 million and $584 million at November 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Amounts for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of fair value of plan assets are as follows:
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
Projected benefit obligation
$
263
$
280
Accumulated benefit obligation
$
254
$
272
Fair value of plan assets
$
12
$
17
The net benefit cost recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) were as follows:
The components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost component are included in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the projected benefit obligation are as follows:
UK Plan
All Other Plans
2021
2020
2021
2020
Discount rate
1.6
%
1.6
%
2.6
%
2.2
%
Rate of compensation increase
2.7
%
2.3
%
3.0
%
2.8
%
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net pension income are as follows:
UK Plan
All Other Plans
2021
2020
2019
2021
2020
2019
Discount rate
1.6
%
1.9
%
3.0
%
2.3
%
2.9
%
3.5
%
Expected return on assets
1.9
%
3.0
%
4.2
%
2.3
%
3.0
%
3.0
%
Rate of compensation increase
2.3
%
2.9
%
3.4
%
3.0
%
2.7
%
3.0
%
The discount rate used to determine the UK Plan’s projected benefit obligation was determined as the single equivalent rate based on applying a yield curve determined from AA credit rated bonds at the balance sheet date to the cash flows making up the pension plan’s obligations. The discount rate used to determine the UK Plan’s future net periodic benefit cost was determined as the equivalent rate based on applying each individual spot rate from a yield curve determined from AA credit rated bonds at the balance sheet date for each year’s cash flow. The UK Plan’s expected long-term return on plan assets is consistent with the long-term investment return target provided to the UK Plan’s fiduciary manager (U.K. government fixed interest bonds (gilts) plus 1.0%) and was 1.8% per annum as of November 30, 2021.
Amounts recognized in AOCI are as follows:
UK Plan
All Other Plans
November 30,
November 30,
2021
2020
2021
2020
Actuarial losses (gains) recognized in the current year
$
—
$
1
$
(7)
$
13
Amortization and settlements included in net periodic benefit cost
$
—
$
—
$
(12)
$
(8)
We anticipate making contributions of $25 million to the plans during 2022. Estimated future benefit payments to be made during each of the next five fiscal years and in the aggregate during the succeeding five fiscal years are as follows:
Our investment strategy for our pension plan assets is to maintain a diversified portfolio of asset classes to produce a sufficient level of diversification and investment return over the long term. The investment policy for each plan specifies the type of investment vehicles appropriate for the plan, asset allocation guidelines, criteria for selection of investment managers and procedures to monitor overall investment performance, as well as investment manager performance. As of November 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, the All Other Plans were substantially all unfunded.
The fair values of the plan assets of the UK Plan by investment class are as follows:
November 30,
2021
2020
Equities
$
62
$
55
U.K. government fixed interest bonds (gilts)
283
270
Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans
We participate in two multiemployer defined benefit pension plans in the UK, the British Merchant Navy Officers Pension Fund (registration number 10005645) (“MNOPF”), which is divided into two sections, the “New Section” and the “Old Section” and the British Merchant Navy Ratings Pension Fund (registration number 10005646) (“MNRPF”). Collectively, we refer to these as “the multiemployer plans.” The multiemployer plans are maintained for the benefit of the employees of the participating employers who make contributions to the plans. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans, including:
•Contributions made by employers, including us, may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers
•If any of the participating employers were to withdraw from the multiemployer plans or fail to make their required contributions, any unfunded obligations would be the responsibility of the remaining participating employers.
We are contractually obligated to make all required contributions as determined by the plans’ trustees. All of our multiemployer plans are closed to new membership and future benefit accrual. The MNOPF Old Section is fully funded.
We expense our portion of the MNOPF New Section deficit as amounts are invoiced by, and become due and payable to, the trustees. We accrue and expense our portion of the MNRPF deficit based on our estimated probable obligation from the most recent actuarial review. Total expense for the multiemployer plans was $28 million in 2021, $2 million in 2020 and $6 million in 2019.
Based on the most recent valuation at March 31, 2018 of the MNOPF New Section, it was determined that this plan was 98% funded. In 2021, 2020 and 2019, our contributions to the MNOPF New Section did not exceed 5% of total contributions to the fund. Based on the most recent valuation at March 31, 2020 of the MNRPF, it was determined that this plan was 93% funded. In 2021, 2020 and 2019, our contributions to the MNRPF did not exceed 5% of total contributions to the fund. It is possible that we will be required to fund and expense additional amounts for the multiemployer plans in the future; however, such amounts are not expected to be material to our consolidated financial statements.
Defined Contribution Plans
We have several defined contribution plans available to most of our employees. We contribute to these plans based on employee contributions, salary levels and length of service. Total expense for these plans was $35 million in 2021, $24 million in 2020 and $41 million in 2019.
Net income (loss) for basic and diluted earnings per share
$
(9,501)
$
(10,236)
$
2,990
Weighted-average shares outstanding
1,123
775
690
Dilutive effect of equity plans
—
—
2
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
1,123
775
692
Basic earnings per share
$
(8.46)
$
(13.20)
$
4.34
Diluted earnings per share
$
(8.46)
$
(13.20)
$
4.32
Antidilutive shares excluded from diluted earnings per share computations were as follows:
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
Equity awards
3
1
Convertible Notes
53
103
Total antidilutive securities
56
104
There were no antidilutive shares excluded from our 2019 diluted earnings per share computations.
NOTE 15 – Supplemental Cash Flow Information
November 30,
(in millions)
2021
2020
Cash and cash equivalents (Consolidated Balance Sheets)
$
8,939
$
9,513
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other and other assets
38
179
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows)
$
8,976
$
9,692
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest, was $1.3 billion in 2021, $610 million in 2020 and $171 million in 2019. In addition, cash paid for income taxes, net was not material in 2021 and 2020 and $46 million in 2019.
In connection with the repurchase of the Convertible Notes as part of registered direct offerings of Carnival Corporation common stock used to repurchase a portion of the Convertible Notes in August and November 2020, as an administrative convenience, we permitted the purchasers of 151.2 million of Carnival Corporation common stock to offset the purchase price payable to us against our obligation to pay the purchase price for $1.3 billion aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes held by them, which is reflected as a non-cash transaction for the year ended November 30, 2020.
For the years ended November 30, 2021 and 2019, we did not have borrowings or repayments of commercial paper with original maturities greater than three months. For the year ended November 30, 2020, we had borrowings of $525 million and repayments of $526 million of commercial paper with original maturities greater than three months.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Boards of Directors and Shareholders of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Carnival Corporation & plc (comprising Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc and their respective subsidiaries, the “Company”) as of November 30, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of income (loss), of comprehensive income (loss), of shareholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2021, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of November 30, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2020.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Emphasis of Matter
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the ongoing effects of COVID-19 have had, and will continue to have, a material negative impact on the Company’s financial results and liquidity. Management’s evaluation of these events and conditions and management’s plans to mitigate these matters are also described in Note 1.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Liquidity - Impact of COVID-19
As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the extent of the effects of COVID-19 on the business are uncertain and will depend on future developments, including, but not limited to, the duration and continued severity of COVID-19 and the length of time it takes to return the Company to profitability. Management believes that the ongoing effects of COVID-19 have had, and will continue to have, a material negative impact on the Company’s financial results and liquidity. Management has taken actions to improve the Company’s liquidity, including completing various capital market transactions, capital expenditure and operating expense reductions, and accelerating the removal of certain ships from the Company’s fleet, with the addition of pursuing refinancing opportunities to reduce interest expense and extend maturities. The principal assumptions used in management’s estimate of future liquidity requirements consisted of (i) the expected continued gradual resumption of guest cruise operations, with the full fleet expected to be back in operation; (ii) the expected, sustained increase in revenue per passenger cruise day through a combination of both passenger ticket and onboard revenue; (iii) the expected gradual increase in occupancy levels during the resumption of guest cruise operations with the return to historical occupancy levels in 2023; (iv) the expected continued spend to maintain enhanced health and safety protocols and to support the resumption of guest cruise operations, including completing the return of crew members to its ships; and (v) maintaining collateral and reserves at reasonable levels. Based on these actions and assumptions regarding the impact of COVID-19, and considering the Company’s available liquidity including cash, short-term investments and borrowings available under the Company’s revolving facility at November 30, 2021, as well as management’s expected continued gradual return to service, management concluded there is sufficient liquidity to satisfy the Company’s obligations for at least the next twelve months from the issuance of the financial statements.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s liquidity is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management when developing the estimate of future liquidity requirements; this in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s estimate of future liquidity requirements, and assumptions related to (i) the expected continued gradual resumption of guest cruise operations; (ii) the expected, sustained increase in revenue per passenger cruise day through a combination of both passenger ticket and onboard revenue; (iii) the expected gradual increase in occupancy levels during the resumption of guest cruise operations; (iv) the expected continued spend to maintain enhanced health and safety protocols and to support the resumption of guest cruise operations, including completing the return of crew members to its ships; and (v) maintaining collateral and reserves at reasonable levels.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s estimate of future liquidity requirements. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for estimating future liquidity requirements for the twelve months after the date the financial statements are issued; (ii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the estimate; (iii) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management related to the expected continued gradual resumption of guest cruise operations, the expected, sustained increase in revenue per passenger cruise day through a combination of both passenger ticket and onboard revenue, the expected gradual increase in occupancy levels during the resumption of guest cruise operations, the
expected continued spend to maintain enhanced health and safety protocols and to support the resumption of guest cruise operations, including completing the return of crew members to its ships, and maintaining collateral and reserves at reasonable levels; and (iv) evaluating management’s estimate of future liquidity requirements and their disclosure in the consolidated financial statements regarding having sufficient liquidity to satisfy the Company’s obligations for at least the next twelve months from the issuance of the financial statements. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to the expected continued gradual resumption of guest cruise operations, the expected, sustained increase in revenue per passenger cruise day through a combination of both passenger ticket and onboard revenue, the expected gradual increase in occupancy levels during the resumption of guest cruise operations, the expected continued spend to maintain enhanced health and safety protocols and to support the resumption of guest cruise operations, including completing the return of crew members to its ships, and maintaining collateral and reserves at reasonable levels, involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the Company; (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data; and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Hallandale Beach, Florida
January 27, 2022
We have served as the Company’s auditors since 2003. Prior to that, we served as Carnival Corporation’s auditors since at least 1986. We have not been able to determine the specific year we began serving as auditor of Carnival Corporation.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results
Some of the statements, estimates or projections contained in this document are “forward-looking statements” that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions with respect to us, including some statements concerning future results, operations, outlooks, plans, goals, reputation, cash flows, liquidity and other events which have not yet occurred. These statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbors from liability provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. We have tried, whenever possible, to identify these statements by using words like “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “depends,” “expect,” “goal,” “aspiration,” “anticipate,” “forecast,” “project,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “target,” “indicate,” “outlook,” and similar expressions of future intent or the negative of such terms.
Forward-looking statements include those statements that relate to our outlook and financial position including, but not limited to, statements regarding:
•Pricing
•Goodwill, ship and trademark fair values
•Booking levels
•Liquidity and credit ratings
•Occupancy
•Adjusted earnings per share
•Interest, tax and fuel expenses
•Return to guest cruise operations
•Currency exchange rates
•Impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus global pandemic on our financial condition and results of operations
•Estimates of ship depreciable lives and residual values
Because forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are many factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward looking statements. This note contains important cautionary statements of the known factors that we consider could materially affect the accuracy of our forward-looking statements and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial position. Additionally, many of these risks and uncertainties are currently amplified by and will continue to be amplified by, or in the future may be amplified by, COVID-19. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risks. There may be additional risks that we consider immaterial or which are unknown. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
•COVID-19 has had, and is expected to continue to have, a significant impact on our financial condition and operations. The current, and uncertain future, impact of COVID-19, including its effect on the ability or desire of people to travel (including on cruises), is expected to continue to impact our results, operations, outlooks, plans, goals, reputation, litigation, cash flows, liquidity, and stock price.
•World events impacting the ability or desire of people to travel have and may continue to lead to a decline in demand for cruises.
•Incidents concerning our ships, guests or the cruise vacation industry have in the past and may, in the future, impact the satisfaction of our guests and crew and lead to reputational damage.
•Changes in and non-compliance with laws and regulations under which we operate, such as those relating to health, environment, safety and security, data privacy and protection, anti-corruption, economic sanctions, trade protection and tax have in the past and may, in the future, lead to litigation, enforcement actions, fines, penalties and reputational damage.
•Factors associated with climate change, including evolving and increasing regulations, increasing global concern about climate change and the shift in climate conscious consumerism and stakeholder scrutiny, and increasing frequency and/or severity of adverse weather conditions could adversely affect our business.
•Inability to meet or achieve our sustainability related goals, aspirations, initiatives, and our public statements and disclosures regarding them, may expose us to risks that may adversely impact our business.
•Breaches in data security and lapses in data privacy as well as disruptions and other damages to our principal offices, information technology operations and system networks and failure to keep pace with developments in technology may adversely impact our business operations, the satisfaction of our guests and crew and may lead to reputational damage.
•The loss of key employees, our inability to recruit or retain qualified shoreside and shipboard employees and increased labor costs could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
•Increases in fuel prices, changes in the types of fuel consumed and availability of fuel supply may adversely impact our scheduled itineraries and costs.
•We rely on supply chain vendors who are integral to the operations of our businesses. These vendors and service providers
are also affected by COVID-19 and may be unable to deliver on their commitments which could impact our business.
•Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely impact our financial results.
•Overcapacity and competition in the cruise and land-based vacation industry may lead to a decline in our cruise sales, pricing and destination options.
•Inability to implement our shipbuilding programs and ship repairs, maintenance and refurbishments may adversely impact our business operations and the satisfaction of our guests.
The ordering of the risk factors set forth above is not intended to reflect our indication of priority or likelihood.
Forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual results. Subject to any continuing obligations under applicable law or any relevant stock exchange rules, we expressly disclaim any obligation to disseminate, after the date of this document, any updates or revisions to any such forward-looking statements to reflect any change in expectations or events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements are based. Forward-looking and other statements in this document may also address our sustainability progress, plans, and goals (including climate change- and environmental-related matters). In addition, historical, current, and forward-looking sustainability-related statements may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve, and assumptions that are subject to change in the future.
2021 Executive Overview
During 2021, the Company focused on resuming operations as quickly as practical in a way that served the best interests of public health, while at the same time demonstrating prudent stewardship of capital. In addition, we believe that we have positioned the Company well on the path to profitability and established effective protocols for COVID-19. We achieved all of this while reinforcing our commitment to compliance, environmental protection and the health, safety and well-being of our guests, the people in the communities we touch and serve, and our shipboard and shoreside employees.
In 2021, we achieved key milestones related to our return to service including:
•Ending the year with 50 ships in guest cruise operations compared to one ship in 2020
•Returning over 65,000 crew members to our ships
•Carrying over 1.2 million guests indicating fundamental strength in demand for cruise vacations
•Delivering an exceptional guest experience with historically high net promoter scores
We ended the year with $9.4 billion of liquidity including cash, short-term investments and borrowings available under our revolving credit facility, and $3.5 billion of customer deposits, an increase of $1.3 billion from 2020. To date, through our debt management efforts, we refinanced over $9 billion, reducing our future annual interest by approximately $400 million per year and extending maturities, optimizing our debt maturity profile.
As of January 13, 2022, eight of our nine cruise brands, or 67% of capacity, had resumed guest cruise operations. We expect to have our full fleet back in operation for our summer season where we historically generate the largest share of our operating income.
The Company achieved important milestones during our return to service and broadened our commitment to Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) goals with the introduction of our 2030 sustainability goals and 2050 aspirations. We also achieved many operational milestones:
•Reopened our eight owned and operated private destinations and port facilities which have been visited by over half of our guests since the restart:
•Princess Cay
•Amber Cove
•Half Moon Cay
•Cozumel
•Grand Turk
•Santa Cruz De Tenerife
•Mahogany Bay
•Barcelona
•Welcomed seven new more efficient ships across our brands:
•Carnival Cruise Line’s Mardi Gras, powered by LNG
•Holland America Line’s Rotterdam
•P&O UK’s Iona, powered by LNG
•Costa Firenze
•Costa Toscana, powered by LNG
•Enchanted Princess
•AIDAcosma, powered by LNG
Our decision to accelerate the exit of 19 ships as part of our fleet optimization strategy resulted in a more efficient fleet overall and lowered our planned capacity growth to approximately 2.5% compounded annually from 2019 through 2025, down from 4.5%
annually pre-COVID-19. We achieved a unit cost benefit from the removal of these less efficient ships from our fleet which will grow from the delivery of the larger and more efficient ships.
Upon returning to full operations, nearly 15% of our capacity will consist of these recently delivered, larger and more efficient ships which we believe will expedite our return to profitability and improve our return on invested capital. In addition, this roster of new ships is expected to drive additional enthusiasm around our restart plans.
As of January 13, 2022, we are operating the only six cruise ships in the world currently powered by LNG, which are 20% more carbon efficient. Upon returning to full cruise operations, our LNG efforts, our fleet optimization strategy and other innovative efforts to drive energy efficiency, are forecasted to deliver a 10% reduction in unit fuel consumption on an annualized basis compared to 2019, a significant achievement on our path to decarbonization.
Furthermore, the Company is focused on advancing its six critical sustainability focus areas – climate action; circular economy; good health and well-being; sustainable tourism; biodiversity and conservation; and diversity, equity and inclusion. Among these priorities, the Company is committed to continuing its reduction of carbon emissions and aspires to achieve net carbon-neutral ship operations by 2050, while minimizing the use of carbon offsets. While there is currently no clear path to zero carbon emissions in our industry, we are working to be part of the solution. To achieve the aspiration of net zero carbon emissions, the Company is partnering with key organizations to help identify and scale new technologies. We have and expect to continue to demonstrate leadership in executing carbon reduction strategies. The Company believes its scale will support its effort to lead the industry in climate action. The Company’s carbon emissions reduction efforts include improvements in energy efficiency, integrating alternative fuels and investing in new technologies such as batteries and fuel cells.
Throughout the pause and the gradual resumption of guest cruise operations, we have been proactively managing to resume guest cruise operations as an even stronger and more efficient operating company to maximize cash generation and to deliver strong returns on invested capital. Once we return to full guest operations, our cash flow will be the primary driver to our return to an investment grade credit rating over time, creating greater shareholder value.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to our consolidated financial statements for further information on Accounting Pronouncements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our critical accounting estimates are those we believe require our most significant judgments about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. A discussion of our critical accounting estimates, the underlying judgments and uncertainties used to make them and the likelihood that materially different estimates would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions is as follows:
Liquidity and COVID-19
We make several critical accounting estimates with respect to our liquidity.
The effects of COVID-19 have had a significant impact on our operations and liquidity. Significant events affecting travel, including COVID-19 and our gradual resumption of guest cruise operations, have had and continue to have an impact on booking patterns. The extent of the effects of COVID-19 on our business are uncertain and will depend on future developments, including, but not limited to, the duration and continued severity of COVID-19 and the length of time it takes to return the company to profitability. The ongoing effects of COVID-19 have had, and will continue to have, a material negative impact on our financial results and liquidity.
The estimation of our future liquidity requirements includes numerous assumptions that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. The principal assumptions used to estimate our future liquidity requirements consist of:
•Expected continued gradual resumption of guest cruise operations, with the full fleet expected to be back in operation for our summer season, where we historically generate the largest share of our operating income
•Expected sustained increase in revenue per passenger cruise day through a combination of both passenger ticket and onboard revenue as compared to 2019
•Expected gradual increase in occupancy levels during the resumption of guest cruise operations, with the return to historical occupancy levels in 2023
•Expected continued spend to maintain enhanced health and safety protocols and to support the resumption of guest cruise operations, including completing the return of crew members to our ships
•Maintaining collateral and reserves at reasonable levels
We cannot make assurances that our assumptions used to estimate liquidity requirements may not change because we have never previously experienced a complete cessation and subsequent gradual resumption of guest cruise operations, and as a consequence, our ability to be predictive is uncertain. In addition, the magnitude and duration of the global pandemic are uncertain. We have made reasonable estimates and judgments of the impact of COVID-19 within our consolidated financial statements and there may be changes to those estimates in future periods. We expect a net loss on both a U.S. GAAP and adjusted basis for the first half of 2022 and a profit for the second half of 2022. We have taken actions to improve our liquidity, including completing various capital market transactions, capital expenditure and operating expense reductions and accelerating the removal of certain ships from our fleet. In addition, we expect to continue to pursue refinancing opportunities to reduce interest expense and extend maturities.
Ship Accounting
We make several critical accounting estimates with respect to our ship accounting.
We account for ship improvement costs, including replacements of certain significant components and parts, by capitalizing those costs we believe add value to our ships and have a useful life greater than one year and depreciating those improvements over their estimated remaining useful life. The costs of repairs and maintenance, including minor improvement costs and expenses related to dry-docks, are charged to expense as incurred. If we change our assumptions in making our determinations as to whether improvements to a ship add value, the amounts we expense each year as repair and maintenance expense could increase, which would be partially offset by a decrease in depreciation expense, resulting from a reduction in capitalized costs.
In order to compute our ships’ depreciation expense, we apply judgment to determine their useful lives as well as their residual values. We estimate the useful life of our ships and ship improvements based on the expected period over which the assets will be of economic benefit to us, including the impact of marketing and technical obsolescence, competition, physical deterioration, historical useful lives of similarly-built ships, regulatory constraints and maintenance requirements. In addition, we consider estimates of the weighted-average useful lives of the ships’ major component systems, such as the hull, cabins, main electric, superstructure and engines. Taking all of this into consideration, we have estimated our new ships’ useful lives at 30 years.
We determine the residual value of our ships based on our long-term estimates of their resale value at the end of their useful life to us but before the end of their physical and economic lives to others, historical resale values of our and other cruise ships and viability of the secondary cruise ship market. We have estimated our residual values at 15% of our original ship cost.
Given the large size and complexity of our ships, ship accounting estimates require considerable judgment and are inherently uncertain. We do not have cost segregation studies performed to specifically componentize our ships. In addition, since we do not separately componentize our ships, we do not identify and track depreciation of original ship components. Therefore, we typically have to estimate the net book value of components that are retired, based primarily upon their replacement cost, their age and their original estimated useful lives.
If materially different conditions existed, or if we materially changed our assumptions of ship useful lives and residual values, our depreciation expense, loss on retirement of ship components and net book value of our ships would be materially different. Our 2021 ship depreciation expense would have increased by approximately $45 million assuming we had reduced our estimated 30-yearship useful life estimate by one year at the time we took delivery or acquired each of our ships. In addition, our 2021 ship depreciation expense would have increased by approximately $228 million assuming we had estimated our ships to have no residual value.
We believe that the estimates we made for ship accounting purposes are reasonable and our methods are consistently applied in all material respects and result in depreciation expense that is based on a rational and systematic method to equitably allocate the costs of our ships to the periods during which we use them.
Valuation of Ships
Impairment reviews of our ships require us to make significant estimates.
We evaluate ship asset impairments at the individual ship level which is the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We review our ships for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a ship may not be recoverable. If estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying value of a ship, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent its carrying value exceeds fair value.
The estimation of a ship’s fair value includes numerous assumptions that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. The principal assumption used in our ship impairment reviews consist of the timing of the sale of ships and estimated proceeds.
We determined the fair value of these ships based on their estimated selling value. Refer to our consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of our property and equipment policy, ship impairment reviews and ship impairment charges recognized during 2021.
We believe that we have made reasonable estimates.
Valuation of Goodwill
Impairment reviews of our goodwill require us to make significant estimates.
We review our goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level as of July 31every year, or more frequently if events or circumstances dictate. If the estimated fair value of any of our reporting units is less than the reporting unit’s carrying value, goodwill is written down based on the difference between the reporting unit’s carrying amount and its estimated fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.
The estimation of our reporting unit fair value includes numerous assumptions that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Our pause in guest cruise operations and the possibility of further extensions created some uncertainty in forecasting the operating results and future cash flows used in our impairment analyses. The principal assumptions used in our goodwill impairment reviews consist of:
•The timing and pace of our full return to guest cruise operations
•Weighted-average cost of capital of market participants, adjusted for the risk attributable to the geographic regions in which these cruise brands operate (“WACC”)
The estimated fair value of the reporting unit with remaining goodwill significantly exceeded its carrying value as of the date of its most recent quantitative test. Refer to our consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of our goodwill accounting policy and impairment reviews.
We believe that we have made reasonable estimates and judgments.
Contingencies
We periodically assess the potential liabilities related to any lawsuits or claims brought against us, as well as for other known unasserted claims, including environmental, legal, regulatory and guest and crew matters. While it is typically very difficult to determine the timing and ultimate outcome of these matters, we use our best judgment to determine the appropriate amounts to record in our consolidated financial statements.
We accrue a liability and establish a reserve when we believe a loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In assessing probable losses, we make estimates of the amount of probable insurance recoveries, if any, which are recorded as assets where appropriate. Such accruals and reserves are typically based on developments to date, management’s estimates of the outcomes of these matters, our experience in contesting, litigating and settling other similar matters, historical claims experience, actuarially determined estimates of liabilities and any related insurance coverage.
Given the inherent uncertainty related to the eventual outcome of these matters and potential insurance recoveries, it is possible that all or some of these matters may be resolved for amounts materially different from any provisions or disclosures that we may have made. In addition, as new information becomes available, we may need to reassess the amount of asset or liability that needs to be accrued related to our contingencies. All such changes in our estimates could materially impact our results of operations and financial position.
Refer to our consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of contingencies.
We have historically earned substantially all of our cruise revenues from the following:
•Sales of passenger cruise tickets and, in some cases, the sale of air and other transportation to and from airports near our ships’ home ports and cancellation fees. We also collect fees, taxes and other charges from our guests. The cruise ticket price typically includes the following:
Accommodations
Most meals, including snacks at numerous venues
Access to amenities such as swimming pools, water slides, water parks, whirlpools, a health club and sun decks
Supervised youth programs
Entertainment, such as theatrical and comedy shows, live music and nightclubs
Visits to multiple destinations
•Sales of onboard goods and services not included in the cruise ticket price. This generally includes the following:
• Beverage sales
• Internet and communication services
• Casino gaming
• Full service spas
• Shore excursions
• Specialty restaurants
• Retail sales
• Art sales
• Photo sales
• Laundry and dry cleaning services
These goods and services are provided either directly by us or by independent concessionaires, from which we receive either a percentage of their revenues or a fee. Concession revenues do not have direct expenses because the costs and services incurred for concession revenues are borne by our concessionaires. In 2021, we earned 45% of our cruise revenues from onboard and other revenue goods and services. In 2019, our most recent full year of guest cruise operations, we earned 30% of our cruise revenues from onboard and other revenues.
We earn our tour and other revenues from our hotel and transportation operations and other revenues.
We incur cruise operating costs and expenses for the following:
•The costs of passenger cruise bookings, which include travel agent commissions, cost of air and other transportation, port fees, taxes, and charges that directly vary with guest head counts and credit and debit card fees
•Onboard and other cruise costs, which include the costs of beverage sales, costs of shore excursions, costs of retail sales, internet and communication costs, credit and debit card fees, other onboard costs, costs of cruise vacation protection programs and pre- and post-cruise land packages
•Payroll and related costs, which include the costs of officers and crew in bridge, engineering and hotel operations. Substantially all costs associated with our shoreside personnel are included in selling and administrative expenses
•Fuel costs, which include fuel delivery costs
•Food costs, which include both our guest and crew food costs
•Other ship operating expenses, which include port costs that do not vary with guest head counts; repairs and maintenance, including minor improvements and dry-dock expenses; hotel costs; entertainment; gains and losses on ship sales; ship impairments; freight and logistics; insurance premiums and all other ship operating expenses
We incur tour and other costs and expenses for our hotel and transportation operations and other expenses.
Available Lower Berth Days (“ALBDs”) (in thousands) (b)
14,603
26,117
87,424
Occupancy percentage (c)
56.0
%
101.0
%
106.8
%
Passengers carried (in thousands)
1,223
3,499
12,866
Fuel consumption in metric tons (in thousands)
1,336
1,915
3,312
Fuel cost per metric ton consumed
$
515
$
430
$
472
Currencies (USD to 1)
AUD
$
0.75
$
0.68
$
0.70
CAD
$
0.80
$
0.74
$
0.75
EUR
$
1.19
$
1.13
$
1.12
GBP
$
1.38
$
1.28
$
1.27
RMB
$
0.15
$
0.14
$
0.14
We paused our guest cruise operations in mid-March 2020 and were in a pause for a majority of 2020. In 2021, we began the gradual resumption of guest cruise operations which is continuing to have a material impact on all aspects of our business, including the above statistical information.
Notes to Statistical Information
(a) PCD represents the number of cruise passengers on a voyage multiplied by the number of revenue-producing ship operating days for that voyage.
(b) ALBD is a standard measure of passenger capacity for the period that we use to approximate rate and capacity variances, based on consistently applied formulas that we use to perform analyses to determine the main non-capacity driven factors that cause our cruise revenues and expenses to vary. ALBDs assume that each cabin we offer for sale accommodates two passengers and is computed by multiplying passenger capacity by revenue-producing ship operating days in the period.
(c) Occupancy, in accordance with cruise industry practice, is calculated by using a numerator of PCDs and a denominator of ALBDs, which assumes two passengers per cabin even though some cabins can accommodate three or more passengers. Percentages in excess of 100% indicate that on average more than two passengers occupied some cabins.
We paused our guest cruise operations in March 2020 with minimal cruise related revenue recognized during the remainder of 2020. In addition, we incurred incremental COVID-19 related costs associated with repatriating guests and crew members, enhancing health protocols and sanitizing our ships, restructuring costs and defending lawsuits. As of November 30, 2021, eight of our nine brands had resumed guest cruise operations as part of our gradual return to service. The gradual resumption of guest cruise operations is continuing to have a material impact on all aspects of our business, including our liquidity, financial position and results of operations. The full extent of the impact will be determined by our gradual return to service and the length of time COVID-19 influences travel decisions.
As of November 30, 2021, 61% of our capacity was operating with guests on board, which is an increase from November 30, 2020 where we had one ship in service. Revenues for the year ended November 30, 2021 decreased $3.7 billion, or 66%, to $1.9 billion from $5.6 billion in 2020 as a result of the pause in guest cruise operations beginning March 2020 and the gradual resumption in guest cruise operations in 2021. Occupancy for 2021 was 56%, compared to 101% in 2020, due to the gradual resumption of guest cruise operations.
During 2021 we incurred, and we expect to continue incurring, incremental restart-related spend including the cost of returning ships to guest cruise operations and returning crew members to our ships as well as the incremental costs of maintaining enhanced health and safety protocols as we continue our gradual return to service. During 2020, while maintaining compliance, environmental protection and safety, we significantly reduced ship operating expenses, including cruise payroll and related expenses, food, fuel, insurance and port charges by transitioning ships into paused status, either at anchor or in port, and staffed at a safe manning level.
We recognized goodwill impairment charges of $0.2 billion and $2.1 billion for the years ended November 30, 2021 and 2020.
We recognized ship impairment charges of $0.6 billion and $1.8 billion as of November 30, 2021 and 2020.
We believe the increasing cost of fuel, LNG and other related costs, inclusive of costs related to any potential future carbon emission related regulations, are reasonably likely to impact our profitability in both the short and long-term.
In addition, the increasing global focus on climate change, including the reduction of carbon emissions and new and evolving regulatory requirements, is reasonably likely to impact our future costs, capital expenditures and revenues and/or the relationship between them. The full impact of the focus on climate change is not yet known.
Nonoperating Income (Expense)
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest, increased by $0.7 billion to $1.6 billion in 2021 from $0.9 billion in 2020. The increase was caused by our higher average debt balance in 2021 compared to 2020.
Loss on debt extinguishment increased by $212 million to $670 million in 2021 from $459 million in 2020. The increase was caused by the repurchase of $4.0 billion of the aggregate principal of the 2023 Senior Secured Notes.
The table below reconciles Adjusted net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income (loss) and Adjusted earnings per share to Earnings per share for the periods presented:
Years Ended November 30,
(dollars in millions, except per share data)
2021
2020
2019
Net income (loss)
U.S. GAAP net income (loss)
$
(9,501)
$
(10,236)
$
2,990
(Gains) losses on ship sales and impairments
802
3,934
(6)
(Gains) losses on debt extinguishment, net
670
459
—
Restructuring expenses
13
47
10
Other
86
3
47
Adjusted net income (loss)
$
(7,931)
$
(5,793)
$
3,041
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest
1,601
895
206
Interest income
(12)
(18)
(23)
Income tax expense, net
(21)
(17)
71
Depreciation and amortization
2,233
2,241
2,160
Adjusted EBITDA
$
(4,129)
$
(2,692)
$
5,455
Weighted-average shares outstanding
1,123
775
692
Earnings per share
U.S. GAAP earnings per share
$
(8.46)
$
(13.20)
$
4.32
(Gains) losses on ship sales and impairments
0.71
5.08
(0.01)
(Gains) losses on debt extinguishment, net
0.60
0.59
—
Restructuring expenses
0.01
0.06
0.01
Other
0.08
—
0.07
Adjusted earnings per share
$
(7.06)
$
(7.47)
$
4.40
Explanations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted earnings per share as non-GAAP financial measures of our cruise segments’ and the company’s financial performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are provided along with U.S. GAAP net income (loss) and U.S. GAAP diluted earnings per share.
We believe that gains and losses on ship sales, impairment charges, gains and losses on debt extinguishments, restructuring costs and other gains and losses are not part of our core operating business and are not an indication of our future earnings performance. Therefore, we believe it is more meaningful for these items to be excluded from our net income (loss) and earnings per share and, accordingly, we present adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted earnings per share excluding these items.
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure, and we believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA provides additional information to investors about our operating profitability adjusted for certain non-cash items and other gains and expenses that we believe are not part of our core operating business and are not an indication of our future earnings performance. Further, we believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA provides additional information to investors about our ability to operate our business in compliance with the restrictions set forth in our debt agreements. We define Adjusted EBITDA as adjusted net income (loss) adjusted for (i) interest, (ii) taxes and, (iii) depreciation and amortization. There are material limitations to using Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA does not take into account certain significant items that directly affect our net income (loss). These limitations are best addressed by considering the economic effects of the excluded items independently, and by considering Adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with net income (loss) as calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The presentation of our non-GAAP financial information is not intended to be considered in isolation from, as substitute for, or superior to the financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. It is possible that our non-GAAP financial measures may not be exactly comparable to the like-kind information presented by other companies, which is a potential risk associated with using these measures to compare us to other companies.
We paused our guest operations in mid-March 2020. We resumed guest cruise operations in September 2020 as part of our gradual return to service.
During 2020, as a result of the pause in our guest cruise operations, we experienced meaningfully lower revenues compared to the prior year. This has resulted in an operating loss for the current period.
While maintaining compliance, environmental protection and safety, we significantly reduced ship operating expenses, including cruise payroll and related expenses, food, fuel, insurance and port charges by transitioning ships into paused status, either at anchor or in port and staffed at a safe manning level.
In addition, during the year we incurred incremental COVID-19 related costs associated with repatriating guests and crew members, enhancing health protocols and sanitizing our ships, restructuring costs and defending lawsuits.
As a result of the effects of COVID-19 on our expected future operating cash flows, we recognized goodwill impairment charges of $2.1 billion and ship impairment charges of $1.8 billion during 2020.
Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources
As of November 30, 2021, we had $9.4 billion of liquidity including cash, short-term investments and borrowings available under our revolving facility. Through our debt management efforts, we have refinanced over $9 billion to date, reducing our future annual interest expense by approximately $400 million per year and extending maturities, optimizing our debt maturity profile. During 2022, we will continue to be focused on pursuing refinancing opportunities to reduce interest rates and extend maturities. Since December 2020, we have completed the following:
•In December 2020, we borrowed $1.5 billion under export credit facilities due in semi-annual installments through 2033.
•In February 2021, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $3.5 billion senior unsecured notes that mature on March 1, 2027. The 2027 Senior Unsecured Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.75% per year.
•In February 2021, we completed a public offering of 40.5 million shares of Carnival Corporation’s common stock at a price per share of $25.10, resulting in net proceeds of $996 million.
•In June 2021, we entered into an amendment to reprice our $2.8 billion 2025 Secured Term Loan (the “2025 Secured Term Loan”). The amended U.S. dollar tranche bears interest at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR (with a 0.75% floor) plus 3%. The amended euro tranche bears interest at a rate per annum equal to EURIBOR (with a 0% floor) plus 3.75%.
•In July 2021, we issued $2.4 billion aggregate principal amount of 4% first-priority senior secured notes due in 2028 (the “2028 Senior Secured Notes”). We used the net proceeds from the issuance to purchase $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Senior Secured Notes and to pay accrued interest on such notes and related fees and expenses. The 2028 Senior Secured Notes mature on August 1, 2028.
•In July 2021, we borrowed $544 million under an export credit facility due in semi-annual installments through 2033.
•We amended our export credit facilities to defer approximately $1.0 billion of principal payments that would otherwise have been due over a one year period commencing April 1, 2021 until March 31, 2022, with repayments to be made over the following five years.
•In October 2021, we borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $2.3 billion under a new term loan. We used the net proceeds from this borrowing to redeem $2.0 billion outstanding aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Senior Secured Notes and to pay accrued interest on such notes and related fees and expenses. Borrowings under the new term loan bear interest at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR (with a 0.75% floor) plus 3.25% and will mature on October 18, 2028.
•In November 2021, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $2.0 billion senior unsecured notes that mature on May 1, 2029 (the “2029 Senior Unsecured Notes”), intended to refinance various 2022 maturities. The 2029 Senior Unsecured Notes bear interest at a rate of 6% per year and are callable beginning November 1, 2024.
•We extended loan maturities totaling approximately $650 million originally due in 2022 and 2023, to various dates in 2023 through 2026.
We have entered into amendments aligning the financial covenants of all our export credit facilities with our other facilities. Refer to Note 5 - “Debt” of the consolidated financial statements and “Funding Sources” below for additional details.
Certain of our debt instruments contain provisions that may limit our ability to incur or guarantee additional indebtedness.
We had a working capital deficit of $0.3 billion as of November 30, 2021 compared to a working capital surplus of $1.9 billion as of November 30, 2020. The decrease in working capital was driven by an increase in customer deposits and a decrease in cash. Historically we have operated with a substantial working capital deficit. This deficit is mainly attributable to the fact that, under our business model, substantially all of our passenger ticket receipts are collected in advance of the applicable sailing date. These advance passenger receipts generally remain a current liability until the sailing date. The cash generated from these advance receipts is used interchangeably with cash on hand from other sources, such as our borrowings and other cash from operations. The cash received as advanced receipts can be used to fund operating expenses, pay down our debt, make long-term investments or any other use of cash. Included within our working capital are $3.1 billion and $1.9 billion of customer deposits as of November 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We have paid and expect to continue to pay cash refunds of customer deposits with respect to a portion of cancelled cruises. The amount of cash refunds to be paid may depend on the level of guest acceptance of FCCs and future cruise cancellations. We record a liability for FCCs only to the extent we have received cash from guests with bookings on cancelled sailings. We have agreements with a number of credit card processors that transact customer deposits related to our cruise vacations. Certain of these agreements allow the credit card processors to request, under certain circumstances, that we provide a reserve fund in cash. In addition, we have a relatively low level of accounts receivable and limited investment in inventories. We expect that we will have greater working capital deficits in the future once we return to full guest cruise operations.
Our business used $4.1 billion of net cash flows in operating activities during 2021, a decrease of $2.2 billion, compared to $6.3 billion used in 2020. This decrease was due to the reduction in cash outflows for refunds of customer deposits and credit card processor reserve funds provided. During 2020, our business used $6.3 billion of net cash from operations, a decrease of $11.8 billion, compared to $5.5 billion provided in 2019.
Investing Activities
During 2021, net cash used in investing activities was $3.5 billion. This was caused by:
•Capital expenditures of $3.0 billion for our ongoing new shipbuilding program
•Capital expenditures of $602 million for ship improvements and replacements, information technology and buildings and improvements
•Proceeds from sales of ships and other of $351 million
•Purchases of short-term investments of $2.9 billion
•Proceeds from maturity of short-term investments of $2.7 billion
During 2020, net cash used in investing activities was $3.2 billion. This was caused by:
•Capital expenditures of $2.8 billion for our ongoing new shipbuilding program
•Capital expenditures of $868 million for ship improvements and replacements, information technology and buildings and improvements
•Proceeds from sales of ships of $334 million
•Proceeds of $220 million from the settlement of outstanding derivatives
During 2019, net cash used in investing activities was $5.3 billion. This was caused by:
•Capital expenditures of $3.8 billion for our ongoing new shipbuilding program
•Capital expenditures of $1.7 billion for ship improvements and replacements, information technology and buildings and improvements
•Proceeds from sales of ships of $26 million
Financing Activities
During 2021, net cash provided by financing activities of $6.9 billion was caused by the following:
•Issuances of $13.0 billion of long-term debt
•Repayments of $6.0 billion of long-term debt
•Premium payments of $545 million related to the extinguishment of debt
•Net proceeds of $1.0 billion from Carnival Corporation common stock
•Purchases of $188 million of Carnival plc ordinary shares and issuances of $206 million of Carnival Corporation common stock under our Stock Swap Program
•Payments of $319 million related to debt issuance costs
During 2020, net cash provided by financing activities of $18.6 billion was caused by the following:
•Net proceeds from short-term borrowings of $2.9 billion in connection with our availability of, and needs for, cash at various times throughout the period, including proceeds of $3.1 billion from the Revolving Facility
•Repayments of $1.6 billion of long-term debt
•Issuances of $15.0 billion of long-term debt
•Payments of cash dividends of $689 million
•Net proceeds of $3.0 billion from our public offerings of Carnival Corporation common stock
•Net proceeds of $222 million from a registered direct offering of Carnival Corporation common stock used to repurchase a portion of the Convertible Notes
During 2019, net cash used in financing activities of $655 million was substantially all due to the following:
•Net proceeds of short-term borrowings of $605 million in connection with our availability of, and needs for, cash at various times throughout the period
•Purchases of $603 million of Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares in open market transactions under our Repurchase Program
Material Cash Requirements
Payments Due by
(in millions)
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Total
Debt (a)
$
3,251
$
4,035
$
5,922
(c)
$
5,472
$
5,293
$
23,973
Newbuild capital expenditures (b)
4,355
2,576
1,641
987
—
9,560
Total
$
7,606
$
6,611
$
7,564
$
6,459
$
5,293
$
33,533
(a) Includes principal as well as estimated interest payments and does not include the impact of any future possible refinancings. Excludes undrawn export credits.
(b) As of November 30, 2021, we have committed undrawn export credit facilities of $5.6 billion which fund a portion of our Newbuild contractual commitments.
(c) Includes borrowings under the Revolving Facility. As of November 30, 2021, borrowings under the Revolving Facility were $2.8 billion, which mature in 2024.
Funding Sources
As of November 30, 2021, we had $9.4 billion of liquidity including cash, short-term investments and borrowings available under our revolving facility. In addition, we had $5.6 billion of undrawn export credit facilities to fund ship deliveries planned through 2024. We plan to use future cash flows from operations to fund our cash requirements including capital expenditures not funded by our export credit facilities.
(in billions)
2022
2023
2024
Future export credit facilities at November 30, 2021
$
3.2
$
1.8
$
0.6
Our export credit facilities contain various financial covenants as described in Note 5 - “Debt”. At November 30, 2021, we were in compliance with the applicable covenants under our debt agreements.
Stock Swap Program
We have a program that allows us to realize a net cash benefit when Carnival Corporation common stock is trading at a premium to the price of Carnival plc ordinary shares (the “Stock Swap Program”). Under the Stock Swap Program, we may elect to offer and sell shares of Carnival Corporation common stock at prevailing market prices in ordinary brokers’ transactions and repurchase an equivalent number of Carnival plc ordinary shares in the UK market.
Any sales of Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares have been or will be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. During 2021, under the Stock Swap Program, we sold 8.9 million shares of Carnival Corporation’s common stock and repurchased the same amount of Carnival plc ordinary shares, resulting in net proceeds of $19 million which were used for general corporate purposes. During 2020 and 2019, there were no sales or repurchases under the Stock Swap Program.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
For a discussion of our hedging strategies and market risks, see the discussion below and the consolidated financial statements.
Fuel Price Risks
Substantially all our exposure to market risk for changes in fuel prices relates to the consumption of fuel on our ships. We have installed Advanced Air Quality Systems on most of our ships, which has aided in the mitigation of the financial impact from the ECAs and global 0.5% sulfur requirements.
Our operations primarily utilize the U.S. dollar, Euro, Sterling or the Australian dollar as their functional currencies. Our operations also have revenue and expenses denominated in non-functional currencies. Movements in foreign currency exchange rates will affect our financial statements.
Investment Currency Risks
The foreign currency exchange rates were as follows:
November 30,
USD to 1:
2021
2020
AUD
$
0.71
$
0.74
CAD
$
0.78
$
0.77
EUR
$
1.13
$
1.20
GBP
$
1.33
$
1.33
RMB
$
0.16
$
0.15
If the November 30, 2020 currency exchange rates had been used to translate our November 30, 2021 non-U.S. dollar functional currency operations’ assets and liabilities (instead of the November 30, 2021 U.S. dollar exchange rates), our total assets would have been higher by $667 million and our total liabilities would have been higher by $359 million.
As of November 30, 2021, we had a cross currency swap totaling of $201 million which settles through 2028. This cross currency swap is designated as a hedge of our net investments in foreign operations, which has a euro-denominated functional currency, thus partially offsetting the foreign currency exchange rate risk. Based on a 10% change in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate as of November 30, 2021, we estimate that the fair value of this cross currency swap and offsetting change in U.S. dollar value of our net investments would change by $22 million.
Newbuild Currency Risks
At November 30, 2021, our remaining newbuild currency exchange rate risk primarily relates to euro-denominated newbuild contract payments, which represent a total unhedged commitment of $6.8 billion and relate to newbuilds scheduled to be delivered from 2021 through 2025 to non-euro functional currency brands. The functional currency cost of each of these ships will increase or decrease based on changes in the exchange rates until the unhedged payments are made under the shipbuilding contract. We may enter into additional foreign currency derivatives to mitigate some of this foreign currency exchange rate risk. Based on a 10% change in euro to U.S. dollar exchange rates as of November 30, 2021, the remaining unhedged cost of these ships would have a corresponding change of $675 million.
Interest Rate Risks
The composition of our debt, including the effect of cross currency swaps and interest rate swaps, was as follows:
November 30, 2021
Fixed rate
45
%
EUR fixed rate
13
%
Floating rate
26
%
EUR floating rate
14
%
GBP floating rate
1
%
At November 30, 2021, we had interest rate swaps that have effectively changed $160 million of EURIBOR-based floating rate euro debt to fixed rate euro debt. Based on a 10% change in the November 30, 2021 market interest rates, our 2021 interest expense on floating rate debt, including the effect of our interest rate swaps, would have changed by an insignificant amount.
Carnival Corporation’s common stock, together with paired trust shares of beneficial interest in the P&O Princess Special Voting Trust, which holds a Special Voting Share of Carnival plc, is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “CCL.” Carnival plc’s ordinary shares trade on the London Stock Exchange under the symbol “CCL.” Carnival plc’s American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), each one of which represents one Carnival plc ordinary share, are traded on the NYSE under the symbol “CUK.” The depositary for the ADSs is JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
As of January 13, 2022, there were 2,962 holders of record of Carnival Corporation common stock and 29,720 holders of record of Carnival plc ordinary shares and 406 holders of record of Carnival plc ADSs. The past performance of our share prices cannot be relied on as a guide to their future performance.
On March 30, 2020, we suspended the payment of dividends on the common stock of Carnival Corporation and the ordinary shares of Carnival plc.
The following graph compares the Price Performance of $100 if invested in Carnival Corporation common stock with the Price Performance of $100 if invested in each of the Dow Jones U.S. Recreational Services Index (the “Dow Jones Recreational Index”), the FTSE 100 Index and the S&P 500 Index. The Price Performance, as used in the Performance Graph, is calculated by assuming $100 is invested at the beginning of the period in Carnival Corporation common stock at a price equal to the market value. At the end of each year, the total value of the investment is computed by taking the number of shares owned, assuming Carnival Corporation dividends are reinvested, multiplied by the market price of the shares.
Assumes $100 Invested on November 30, 2016 Assumes Dividends Reinvested Years Ended November 30,
The following graph compares the Price Performance of $100 invested in Carnival plc ADSs, each representing one ordinary share of Carnival plc, with the Price Performance of $100 invested in each of the indexes noted below. The Price Performance is calculated in the same manner as previously discussed.
Assumes $100 Invested on November 30, 2016 Assumes Dividends Reinvested Years Ended November 30,
