Enhanced Investments - Financial Portal

Published: 2021-11-08 00:00:00 ET

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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


For the quarterly period ended	September 30, 2021


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to _______________

Commission File No. 001-38258


	MERCHANTS BANCORP
	(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Indiana		20-5747400
(State or other jurisdiction of		(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification Number)

410 Monon Blvd. Carmel, Indiana		46032
(Address of principal		(Zip Code)
executive office)

(317) 569-7420

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
			Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, without par value	MBIN	NASDAQ
Series A Preferred Stock, without par value Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40^th interest in a share of Series B Preferred Stock, without par value	MBINP MBINO	NASDAQ NASDAQ
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40^th interest in a share of Series C Preferred Stock, without par value	MBINN	NASDAQ

As of November 1, 2021, the latest practicable date, 28,785,374 shares of the registrant’s common stock, without par value, were issued and outstanding.

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Merchants Bancorp

Index to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	6

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	7

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	40

Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	60

Item 4 Controls and Procedures	60

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION	61

Item 1 Legal Proceedings	61

Item 1A Risk Factors	61

Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	61

Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities	61

Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures	61

Item 5 Other Information	61

Item 6 Exhibits	62

SIGNATURES	63

Table of Contents

Part I – Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

September 30, 2021 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2020

(In thousands, except share data)


	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	14,352	$	10,063
Interest-earning demand accounts		788,224		169,665
Cash and cash equivalents		802,576		179,728
Securities purchased under agreements to resell		5,923		6,580
Mortgage loans in process of securitization		634,027		338,733
Available for sale securities		301,119		269,802
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock		70,767		70,656
Loans held for sale (includes $26,296 and $40,044, respectively at fair value)		3,453,279		3,070,154
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $29,134 and $27,500, respectively		5,431,227		5,507,926
Premises and equipment, net		31,423		29,761
Servicing rights		105,473		82,604
Interest receivable		21,894		21,770
Goodwill		15,845		15,845
Intangible assets, net		1,843		2,283
Other assets and receivables		76,637		49,533
Total assets	$	10,952,033	$	9,645,375
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing	$	824,118	$	853,648
Interest-bearing		8,123,201		6,554,418
Total deposits		8,947,319		7,408,066
Borrowings		809,136		1,348,256
Deferred and current tax liabilities, net		21,681		20,405
Other liabilities		64,019		58,027
Total liabilities		9,842,155		8,834,754
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders' Equity
Common stock, without par value
Authorized - 50,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding - 28,785,374 shares at September 30, 2021 and 28,747,083 shares at December 31, 2020		137,200		135,857
Preferred stock, without par value - 5,000,000 total shares authorized
8% Preferred stock - $1,000 per share liquidation preference
Authorized - 50,000 shares
Issued and outstanding - 0 shares at September 30, 2021 and 41,625 shares at December 31, 2020		—		41,581
7% Series A Preferred stock - $25 per share liquidation preference
Authorized - 3,500,000 shares
Issued and outstanding - 2,081,800 shares		50,221		50,221
6% Series B Preferred stock - $1,000 per share liquidation preference
Authorized - 125,000 shares
Issued and outstanding - 125,000 shares (equivalent to 5,000,000 depositary shares)		120,844		120,844
6% Series C Preferred stock - $1,000 per share liquidation preference
Authorized - 250,000 shares
Issued and outstanding - 196,181 shares at September 30, 2021 (equivalent to 7,847,233 depositary shares)		191,084		—
Retained earnings		610,267		461,744
Accumulated other comprehensive income		262		374
Total shareholders' equity		1,109,878		810,621
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	10,952,033	$	9,645,375

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(In thousands, except share data)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest Income
Loans	$	72,924	$	71,857	$	216,717	$	189,400
Mortgage loans in process of securitization		2,868		3,250		8,728		8,580
Investment securities:
Available for sale - taxable		1,115		431		2,302		2,725
Available for sale - tax exempt		12		37		32		112
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		190		531		966		1,217
Other		205		152		556		2,845
Total interest income		77,314		76,258		229,301		204,879
Interest Expense
Deposits		6,981		9,104		19,764		45,132
Borrowed funds		1,452		1,832		4,286		4,838
Total interest expense		8,433		10,936		24,050		49,970
Net Interest Income		68,881		65,322		205,251		154,909
Provision for loan losses		1,079		2,981		2,427		7,724
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses		67,802		62,341		202,824		147,185
Noninterest Income
Gain on sale of loans		29,013		29,498		82,755		67,748
Loan servicing fees, net		5,313		(643)		14,991		(4,870)
Mortgage warehouse fees		2,732		6,833		9,927		15,054
Gains on sale of investments available for sale (includes $0, $441, $0 and $441, respectively, related to accumulated other comprehensive earnings reclassifications)		—		441		—		441
Other income		3,213		2,528		9,389		6,374
Total noninterest income		40,271		38,657		117,062		84,747
Noninterest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits		20,197		16,567		60,340		42,635
Loan expenses		1,734		2,944		6,178		6,147
Occupancy and equipment		1,861		1,420		5,296		4,295
Professional fees		901		712		2,102		2,007
Deposit insurance expense		664		1,404		1,986		5,041
Technology expense		1,169		903		3,077		2,229
Other expense		2,946		2,434		8,760		6,605
Total noninterest expense		29,472		26,384		87,739		68,959
Income Before Income Taxes		78,601		74,614		232,147		162,973
Provision for income taxes (includes $0, $(97), $0, and $(97), respectively, related to income tax (expense)/benefit for reclassification items)		20,098		19,612		60,244		42,226
Net Income	$	58,503	$	55,002	$	171,903	$	120,747
Dividends on preferred stock		(5,729)		(3,618)		(15,145)		(10,855)
Net Income Allocated to Common Shareholders		52,774		51,384		156,758		109,892
Basic Earnings Per Share	$	1.83	$	1.79	$	5.45	$	3.82
Diluted Earnings Per Share	$	1.83	$	1.79	$	5.43	$	3.82
Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding
Basic		28,784,197		28,745,614		28,779,745		28,741,395
Diluted		28,876,503		28,778,462		28,867,125		28,766,756

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net Income	$	58,503	$	55,002	$	171,903	$	120,747
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities available for sale, net of tax (expense)/benefits of $(96), $(22), $34 and $(91), respectively		266		43		(112)		293
Less: Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income, net of tax (expense)/benefits of $0, $(97), $0, and $(97), respectively		—		344		—		344
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period		266		(301)		(112)		(51)
Comprehensive Income	$	58,769	$	54,701	$	171,791	$	120,696

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(In thousands, except share data)



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
	Shares		Amount	Shares		Amount	Shares		Amount	Shares		Amount
Common Stock
Balance beginning of period	28,783,599	$	136,836	28,745,614	$	135,949	28,747,083	$	135,857	28,706,438	$	135,640
Distribution to employee stock ownership plan	-		-	-		-	19,433		537	-		-
Shares issued for stock compensation plans, net of taxes withheld to satisfy employee tax obligations	1,775		364	-		154	18,858		806	39,176		463
Balance end of period	28,785,374		137,200	28,745,614		136,103	28,785,374		137,200	28,745,614		136,103

8% Preferred Stock
Balance beginning of period	-		-	41,625		41,581	41,625		41,581	41,625		41,581
Redemption of 8% preferred stock	-		-	-		-	(41,625)		(41,581)	-		-
Balance end of period	-		-	41,625		41,581	-		-	41,625		41,581

7% Series A Preferred Stock
Balance at beginning and end of period	2,081,800		50,221	2,081,800		50,221	2,081,800		50,221	2,081,800		50,221

6% Series B Preferred Stock
Balance at beginning and end of period	125,000		120,844	125,000		120,844	125,000		120,844	125,000		120,844

6% Series C Preferred Stock
Balance beginning of period	196,181		191,084	-		-	-		-	-		-
Issuance of 6% Series C preferred stock, net of $5.1 million in offering expenses	-		-	-		-	150,000		144,926	-		-
Private issuance of 6% Series C preferred stock, net of $23 in offering expenses	-		-	-		-	46,181		46,158	-		-
Balance end of period	196,181		191,084	-		-	196,181		191,084	-		-

Retained Earnings
Balance beginning of period			560,083			358,895			461,744			304,984
Net income			58,503			55,002			171,903			120,747
Dividends on 8% preferred stock, $80.00 per share, annually			-			(832)			(833)			(2,498)
Final dividend for redemption of 8% preferred stock, $3.33 per share			-			-			(139)			-
Dividends on 7% Series A preferred stock, $1.75 per share, annually			(911)			(911)			(2,732)			(2,732)
Dividends on 6% Series B preferred stock, $60.00 per share, annually			(1,875)			(1,875)			(5,625)			(5,625)
Dividends on 6% Series C preferred stock, $60.00 per share, annually			(2,943)			-			(5,816)			-
Dividends on common stock, $0.36 per share, annually in 2021 and $0.32 per share, annually in 2020			(2,590)			(2,300)			(7,771)			(6,897)
Deconsolidation of entities			-			-			(419)			-
Redemption of 8% preferred stock			-			-			(45)			-
Balance end of period			610,267			407,979			610,267			407,979

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Balance beginning of period			(4)			708			374			458
Other comprehensive income (loss)			266			(301)			(112)			(51)
Balance end of period			262			407			262			407

Total shareholders' equity		$	1,109,878		$	757,135		$	1,109,878		$	757,135

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

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Merchants Bancorp

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(In thousands)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020
Operating activities:
Net income	$	171,903	$	120,747
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		1,616		1,409
Provision for loan losses		2,427		7,724
Gain on sale of securities		—		(441)
Gain on sale of loans		(82,755)		(67,748)
Proceeds from sales of loans		44,276,199		63,058,544
Loans and participations originated and purchased for sale		(44,463,275)		(64,230,337)
Change in servicing rights for paydowns and fair value adjustments		526		13,021
Net change in:
Mortgage loans in process of securitization		(295,294)		(104,830)
Other assets and receivables		(1,209)		(20,576)
Other liabilities		3,007		12,314
Other		(980)		1,947
Net cash (used in) operating activities		(387,835)		(1,208,226)
Investing activities:
Net change in securities purchased under agreements to resell		657		107
Purchases of available for sale securities		(195,206)		(434,331)
Proceeds from the sale of available for sale securities		34,469		4,347
Proceeds from calls, maturities and paydowns of available for sale securities		128,502		441,181
Purchases of loans		(312,992)		(236,358)
Net change in loans receivable		(16,240)		(1,614,787)
Proceeds from sale of loans receivable		262,086		—
Purchase of FHLB stock		(111)		(50,854)
Proceeds from sale of FHLB stock		—		567
Proceeds from sale of servicing rights		438		—
Purchases of premises and equipment		(3,281)		(1,430)
Cash (paid) received in deconsolidation of subsidiary		(464)		—
Purchase of limited partnership interests and other tax credits		(12,149)		(2,074)
Other investing activities		404		(730)
Net cash (used in) investing activities		(113,887)		(1,894,362)
Financing activities:
Net change in deposits		1,537,148		1,606,572
Proceeds from borrowings		28,803,270		31,577,468
Repayment of borrowings		(29,342,391)		(30,143,465)
Proceeds from notes payable		—		2,759
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock		191,084		—
Redemption of preferred stock		(41,625)		—
Payments of contingent consideration		—		(501)
Dividends		(22,916)		(17,752)
Net cash provided by financing activities		1,124,570		3,025,081
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents		622,848		(77,507)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period		179,728		506,709
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period	$	802,576	$	429,202
Additional Cash Flows Information:
Interest paid	$	23,049	$	57,940
Income taxes paid		57,692		35,522
Transfer of loans from loans receivable to loans held for sale		131,563		—
Deconsolidation of debt fund entities		See Note 1		—

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1: Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Merchants Bancorp, a registered bank holding company (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Merchants Bank of Indiana (“Merchants Bank”), Farmers-Merchants Bank of Illinois (“FMBI”) and Merchants Asset Management, LLC (“MAM”). Merchants Bank’s primary operating subsidiaries include Merchants Capital Corp. (‘MCC”), Merchants Capital Servicing, LLC (“MCS”), and Merchants Capital Investments, LLC (“MCI”). All direct and indirectly owned subsidiaries owned by Merchants Bancorp are collectively referred to as the “Company”.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2020, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of September 30, 2021 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, were prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and, therefore, do not include information or footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Accordingly, these condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 in its Annual Report on Form 10-K. Reference is made to the accounting policies of the Company described in the Notes to the Financial Statements contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) which are necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited financial statements have been included to present fairly the financial position as of September 30, 2021 and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. All interim amounts have not been audited and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the entire year.

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the period ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 include results from the Company, and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Merchants Bank, FMBI and MAM. Also included are Merchants Bank’s primary operating subsidiaries, MCC, MCS and MCI, as well as all 100% directly and indirectly owned subsidiaries owned by Merchants Bancorp.

In addition, when the Company makes an equity investment in an entity for which it holds a variable interest, it is evaluated for consolidation requirements under Accounting Standards Update of Topic 810. Accordingly, the entity is assessed for potential consolidation under the variable interest entity (“VIE”) model and would only consolidate those entities for which it is a primary beneficiary. A primary beneficiary is defined as the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity, and an interest that could be significant to the entity. To determine if an interest could be significant to the entity, both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of our involvement with the entity are evaluated. Alternatively, under the voting interest model, it would only consolidate those entities for which it has a controlling interest. Because the variable interest investments held by the Company as of September 30, 2021 are not deemed to be primary beneficiaries or controlling interests, the entities are not consolidated and the equity method or proportional method of accounting has been applied. The Company will analyze whether its entities are the primary beneficiary on an ongoing basis. Changes in facts and circumstances occurring since the previous primary beneficiary determination will be considered as part of this ongoing assessment. See Note 5: Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) for additional information about VIEs.

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Deconsolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included consolidated results from certain entities primarily involved in single-family debt financing until January 30, 2021, while the Company was deemed to be a primary beneficiary. On February 1, 2021, the Company’s debt fund entities were restructured in such a way that its ownership and participation was significantly reduced with the inclusion of additional, unrelated investors and the Company was no longer classified as a primary beneficiary. Accordingly, results from these entities were no longer consolidated after this date, in accordance with the consolidation guidelines of the Accounting Standards Update of Topic 810.

Following the deconsolidation, the carrying value of assets and liabilities of these entities were removed from the consolidated balance sheet, and the continuing investments were recorded at fair value at the date of deconsolidation. The total amount deconsolidated from the balance sheet included net assets of approximately $10 million, consisting primarily of $66.6 million in loans receivable, and $52.7 million in borrowings with Merchants Bank that was previously eliminated in consolidation. The fair value of its continuing investments was approximately $10 million on the deconsolidation date and has been reported in Other Assets after deconsolidation. The estimated fair value was determined based on third-party evaluations of similar assets in the underlying business. The difference between the fair value of these deconsolidated entities and their carrying value was deemed to be immaterial, resulting in no gain or loss on deconsolidation. These continuing investments after deconsolidation are classified as variable interest entities, have not been consolidated, and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. See Note 5: Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) for additional information about VIEs.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, servicing rights and fair values of financial instruments. The uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic could cause significant changes to these estimates compared to what was known at the time these financial statements were prepared.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications may have been made to the 2020 financial statements to conform to the financial statement presentation as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. These reclassifications had no effect on net income.

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 2: Securities Available For Sale

The amortized cost and approximate fair values, together with gross unrealized gains and losses, of securities were as follows:


	September 30, 2021
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

	(In thousands)
Available for sale securities:
Treasury notes	$	5,002	$	7	$	3	$	5,006
Federal agencies		244,966		1		196		244,771
Municipals		5,929		92		—		6,021
Mortgage-backed - Government-sponsored entity (GSE)		44,889		432		—		45,321
Total available for sale securities	$	300,786	$	532	$	199	$	301,119


	December 31, 2020
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

	(In thousands)
Available for sale securities:
Treasury notes	$	6,535	$	24	$	—	$	6,559
Federal agencies		234,954		103		17		235,040
Municipals		5,935		90		—		6,025
Mortgage-backed - Government-sponsored entity (GSE)		21,899		279		—		22,178
Total available for sale securities	$	269,323	$	496	$	17	$	269,802

Mortgage-backed securities in the table above for September 30, 2021 include securities purchased from Freddie Mac following the loan sale and securitization arrangement with Freddie Mac described in Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses. These securities were valued at $24.7 million as of September 30, 2021.

The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale securities at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.


	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair
	Cost		Value		Cost		Value

Contractual Maturity	(In thousands)
Within one year	$	7,054	$	7,054	$	6,288	$	6,302
After one through five years		247,987		247,822		239,770		239,877
After five through ten years		512		547		515		549
After ten years		344		375		851		896
		255,897		255,798		247,424		247,624
Mortgage-backed - Government-sponsored entity (GSE)		44,889		45,321		21,899		22,178
	$	300,786	$	301,119	$	269,323	$	269,802

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 proceeds from sales of $34.5 million securities available for sale were sold, and no gain or loss was recognized. During the three and nine months ended September 30

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

2020, proceeds from sales of securities available for sale were $4.3 million, and a net gain of $441,000 was recognized, consisting of $441,000 in gains and $0 of losses.

The following tables show the Company’s investments’ gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investments with unrealized losses that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, aggregated by investment class and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	September 30, 2021
					12 Months or
	Less than 12 Months				Longer				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses

	(In thousands)
Available for sale securities:
Treasury notes	$	1,997	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	1,997	$	3
Federal agencies		219,772		196		—		—		219,772		196
	$	221,769	$	199	$	—	$	—	$	221,769	$	199

December 31, 2020

12 Months or

Less than 12 Months

Longer

Total

Gross

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Value

Losses

Value

Losses

Value

Losses

(In thousands)

Available for sale securities:

Federal agencies

69,939

—

69,939

Other-than-temporary Impairment

Unrealized losses on securities have not been recognized to income because the Company has the intent and ability to hold the securities for the foreseeable future, and the decline in fair value is primarily due to increased market interest rates. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach the maturity date.

Note 3: Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization

Mortgage loans in process of securitization are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. These include multi-family rental real estate loan originations to be sold as Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) mortgage-backed securities and Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) participation certificates, all of which are pending settlement with firm investor commitments to purchase the securities, typically occurring within 30 days. The fair value increases recorded in earnings for mortgage loans in process of securitization totaled $4.9 million and $3.2 million at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at their outstanding principal balances adjusted for unearned income, charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses, any unamortized deferred fees or costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans.

For loans at amortized cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance.

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past-due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest collected on these loans is applied to the principal balance until the loan can be returned to an accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

For all loan portfolio segments, the Company promptly charges off loans, or portions thereof, when available information confirms that specific loans are uncollectable based on information that includes, but is not limited to, (1) the deteriorating financial condition of the borrower, (2) declining collateral values, and/or (3) legal action, including bankruptcy, that impairs the borrower’s ability to adequately meet its obligations. For impaired loans that are considered to be solely collateral dependent, a partial charge-off is recorded when a loss has been confirmed by an updated appraisal or other appropriate valuation of the collateral.

When cash payments for accrued interest are received on impaired loans in each loan class, the Company records the payment as interest income unless collection of the remaining recorded principal amount is doubtful, at which time payments are used to reduce the principal balance of the loan. Troubled debt restructured loans recognize interest income on an accrual basis at the renegotiated rate if the loan is in compliance with the modified terms.

The Company offers warehouse loans or credit to fund mortgage loans held for sale from closing until sale to an investor. Under a warehousing arrangement the Company funds a mortgage loan as secured financing. The warehousing arrangement is secured by the underlying mortgages and a combination of deposits, personal guarantees and advance rates. The Company typically holds the collateral until it is sent under a bailee arrangement instructing the investor to send proceeds to the Company. Typical investors are large financial institutions or government agencies. Interest earned from the time of funding to the time of sale is recognized as interest income as accrued. Fees earned agreements are recognized when collected as noninterest income.

Loan Sale and Freddie Mac Q Series Securitization

On May 7, 2021, the Company entered into an arrangement through a third-party trust and Freddie Mac, by which a $262.0 million portfolio of multi-family loans were sold to the trust and ultimately securitized through Freddie Mac and sold to investors. The Company purchased two of the securities for a total of $28.7 million. The transfer of these loans was accounted for as a sale for financial reporting purposes, in accordance with ASC 860, and a $676,000 net loss on sale was recognized, which included the impact of establishing a risk share allowance and servicing rights associated with this transaction.

Beyond holding the two securities, the Company’s ongoing involvement in this transaction is limited to customary obligations of loan sales, including any material breach in representation. In connection with the securitization and purchase of one of the securities, Merchants maintains a first loss position in the underlying loan portfolio not to exceed 10% of the unpaid principal amount of the loans comprising the securitization pool at settlement, or approximately $26.2 million. Therefore, a reserve of $1.4 million for estimated losses was established with respect to the first loss obligation at May 7, 2021, which was included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. These estimated losses were consistent with the amount in allowance for loan losses that was released when the loans were sold. If the Company sells one of the securities, this first loss obligation would be eliminated.

As part of the securitization transaction, Merchants released all mortgage servicing obligations and rights to Freddie Mac who was designated as the Master Servicer. As Master Servicer, Freddie Mac appointed the Company with sub-servicing obligations, which include obligations to collect and remit payments of principal and interest, manage payments of taxes and insurance, and otherwise administer the underlying loans. Accordingly, the company recognized a mortgage servicing asset of $730,000 on the sale date.

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Loan Portfolio Summary‌

Loans receivable at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 include:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020

	(In thousands)

Mortgage warehouse lines of credit	$	891,605	$	1,605,745
Residential real estate		828,950		678,848
Multi-family and healthcare financing		3,244,442		2,749,020
Commercial and commercial real estate		391,562		387,294
Agricultural production and real estate		92,113		101,268
Consumer and margin loans		11,689		13,251
		5,460,361		5,535,426
Less:
Allowance for loan losses		29,134		27,500

Loans Receivable	$	5,431,227	$	5,507,926

In response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) established the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) to provide loans for eligible business/not-for-profits. These loans qualify for forgiveness when used for qualifying expenses during the appropriate period. Loans funded through the PPP are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. Commercial and commercial real estate loans at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 include PPP loans with principal balances of $13.0 million and $60.2 million, respectively, that had not yet been forgiven. As of September 30, 2021, only 12% of the $104.7 million total PPP loans granted were yet to be forgiven.

Risk characteristics applicable to each segment of the loan portfolio are described as follows.

Mortgage Warehouse Lines of Credit (MTG WHLOC): Under its warehouse program, the Company provides warehouse financing arrangements to approved mortgage companies for the origination and sale of residential mortgage loans and to a lesser extent multi-family loans. Agency eligible, governmental and jumbo residential mortgage loans that are secured by mortgages placed on existing one-to-four family dwellings may be originated or purchased and placed on each mortgage warehouse line.

As a secured repurchase agreement, collateral pledged to the Company secures each individual mortgage until the lender sells the loan in the secondary market. A traditional secured warehouse line of credit typically carries a base interest rate of 30-day LIBOR, or mortgage note rate plus or minus a margin.

Risk is evident if there is a change in the fair value of mortgage loans originated by mortgage bankers in warehouse, the sale of which is the expected source of repayment of the borrowings under a warehouse line of credit.

Residential Real Estate Loans (RES RE): Real estate loans are secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of residential real estate loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. First-lien HELOC mortgages included in this segment typically carry a base rate of 30-day LIBOR, plus a margin.

Multi-Family and Healthcare Financing (MF RE): The Company engages in multi-family and healthcare financing, including construction loans, specializing in originating and servicing loans for multi-family rental and senior living properties. In addition, the Company originates loans secured by an assignment of federal income tax credits by partnerships invested in multi-family real estate projects. Construction and land loans are generally based upon estimates of costs and estimated value of the completed project and include independent appraisal reviews and a financial analysis of the developers and property owners. Sources of repayment of these loans may include permanent loans, sales of developed property or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent agency-eligible financing is

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

obtained. These loans are considered to be higher risk than single-family real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, general economic conditions and the availability of long-term financing. Credit risk in these loans may be impacted by the creditworthiness of a borrower, property values and the local economy in the Company’s market area. Repayment of these loans depends on the successful operation of a business or property and the borrower’s cash flows.

Commercial Lending and Commercial Real Estate Loans (CML & CRE): The commercial lending and commercial real estate portfolio includes loans to commercial customers for use in financing working capital needs, equipment purchases and expansions, as well as loans to commercial customers to finance land and improvements. It also includes loans collateralized by servicing rights and loan sale proceeds of mortgage warehouse customers. The loans in this category are repaid primarily from the cash flow of a borrower’s principal business operation. Credit risk in these loans is driven by creditworthiness of a borrower and the economic conditions that impact the cash flow stability from business operations. PPP loans and Small Business Association (“SBA”) loans are included in this category.

Agricultural Production and Real Estate Loans (AG & AGRE): Agricultural production loans are generally comprised of seasonal operating lines of credit to grain farmers to plant and harvest corn and soybeans and term loans to fund the purchase of equipment. The Company also offers long term financing to purchase agricultural real estate. Specific underwriting standards have been established for agricultural-related loans including the establishment of projections for each operating year based on industry-developed estimates of farm input costs and expected commodity yields and prices. Operating lines are typically written for one year and secured by the crop and other farm assets as considered necessary. The Company is approved to sell agricultural loans in the secondary market through the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation and uses this relationship to manage interest rate risk within the portfolio.

Consumer and Margin Loans (CON & MAR): Consumer loans are those loans secured by household assets. Margin loans are those loans secured by marketable securities. The term and maximum amount for these loans are determined by considering the purpose of the loan, the margin (advance percentage against value) in all collateral, the primary source of repayment, and the borrower’s other related cash flow.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to net interest income. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of allocated and general components. The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical charge-off experience and expected loss from default derived from the Company’s internal risk rating process. Other adjustments may be made to the allowance for pools of loans after an assessment of internal or external influences on credit quality that are not fully reflected in the historical loss or risk rating data.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and construction loans by the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. For impaired loans where the Company utilizes discounted cash flows to determine the level of impairment, the Company includes the entire change in the present value of cash flows as a provision for loan loss.

Groups of loans with similar risk characteristics are collectively evaluated for impairment based on the group’s historical loss experience adjusted for changes in trends, conditions and other relevant factors that affect repayment of the loans. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and residential loans for impairment measurements, unless such loans are the subject of a restructuring agreement due to financial difficulties of the borrower.

In the course of working with borrowers, the Company may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans. In restructuring the loan, the Company attempts to work out an alternative payment schedule with the borrower in order to optimize collectability of the loan. A troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) occurs when, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Terms may be modified to fit the ability of the borrower to repay in line with its current financial status, and the restructuring of the loan may include the transfer of assets from the borrower to satisfy the debt, a modification of loan terms, or a combination of the two.

Nonaccrual loans, including TDRs that have not met the six-month minimum performance criterion, are reported as nonperforming loans. For all loan classes, it is the Company’s policy to have any restructured loans which are on nonaccrual status prior to being restructured remain on nonaccrual status until three months of satisfactory borrower performance, at which time management would consider its return to accrual status. A loan is generally classified as nonaccrual when the Company believes that receipt of principal and interest is doubtful under the terms of the loan agreement. Most generally, this is at 90 or more days past due.

With regard to determination of the amount of the allowance for credit losses, restructured loans are considered to be impaired. As a result, the determination of the amount of impaired loans for each loan portfolio segment within troubled debt restructurings is the same as detailed previously above.

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following tables present, by loan portfolio segment, the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and the recorded investment in loans and impairment method as of September 30, 2021:


	At or For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Allowance for loan losses
Balance, beginning of period	$	2,935	$	3,969	$	15,782	$	5,239	$	611	$	160	$	28,696
Provision (credit) for loan losses		(705)		105		1,429		296		(2)		(44)		1,079
Loans charged to the allowance		—		—		—		(650)		—		—		(650)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		—		—		—		—		—		9		9
Balance, end of period	$	2,230	$	4,074	$	17,211	$	4,885	$	609	$	125	$	29,134
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,175	$	—	$	—	$	1,175
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	2,230	$	4,074	$	17,211	$	3,710	$	609	$	125	$	27,959
Loans
Ending balance	$	891,605	$	828,950	$	3,244,442	$	391,562	$	92,113	$	11,689	$	5,460,361
Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	780	$	36,760	$	6,416	$	158	$	6	$	44,120
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment	$	891,605	$	828,170	$	3,207,682	$	385,146	$	91,955	$	11,683	$	5,416,241


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Allowance for loan losses
Balance, beginning of period	$	3,203	$	2,310	$	9,878	$	4,343	$	610	$	153	$	20,497
Provision (credit) for loan losses		874		504		1,566		13		21		3		2,981
Loans charged to the allowance		—		—		—		(94)		—		(10)		(104)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		—		—		—		62		—		—		62
Balance, end of period	$	4,077	$	2,814	$	11,444	$	4,324	$	631	$	146	$	23,436


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Allowance for loan losses
Balance, beginning of period	$	4,018	$	3,334	$	14,731	$	4,641	$	636	$	140	$	27,500
Provision for loan losses		(1,788)		742		2,480		1,046		(27)		(26)		2,427
Loans charged to the allowance		—		(2)		—		(802)		—		(6)		(810)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		—		—		—		—		—		17		17
Balance, end of period	$	2,230	$	4,074	$	17,211	$	4,885	$	609	$	125	$	29,134


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Allowance for loan losses
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,913	$	2,042	$	7,018	$	4,173	$	523	$	173	$	15,842
Provision (credit) for loan losses		2,164		772		4,426		270		108		(16)		7,724
Loans charged to the allowance		—		—		—		(225)		—		(11)		(236)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		—		—		—		106		—		—		106
Balance, end of period	$	4,077	$	2,814	$	11,444	$	4,324	$	631	$	146	$	23,436

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans and impairment method as of December 31, 2020:


	December 31, 2020
	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Allowance for loan losses
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	4,018	$	3,334	$	14,731	$	4,641	$	636	$	140	$	27,500
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	1,606	$	—	$	—	$	1,613
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	4,018	$	3,327	$	14,731	$	3,035	$	636	$	140	$	25,887
Loans
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	1,605,745	$	678,848	$	2,749,020	$	387,294	$	101,268	$	13,251	$	5,535,426
Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	2,761	$	—	$	9,591	$	2,100	$	12	$	14,464
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment	$	1,605,745	$	676,087	$	2,749,020	$	377,703	$	99,168	$	13,239	$	5,520,962

Internal Risk Categories

In adherence with policy, the Company uses the following internal risk grading categories and definitions for loans:

Average or above – Loans to borrowers of satisfactory financial strength or better. Earnings performance is consistent with primary and secondary sources of repayment that are well defined and adequate to retire the debt in a timely and orderly fashion. These businesses would generally exhibit satisfactory asset quality and liquidity with moderate leverage, average performance to their peer group and experienced management in key positions. These loans are disclosed as “Acceptable and Above” in the following table.

Acceptable – Loans to borrowers involving more than average risk and which contain certain characteristics that require some supervision and attention by the lender. Asset quality is acceptable, but debt capacity is modest and little excess liquidity is available. The borrower may be fully leveraged and unable to sustain major setbacks. Covenants are structured to ensure adequate protection. Borrower’s management may have limited experience and depth. This category includes loans which are highly leveraged due to regulatory constraints, as well as loans involving reasonable exceptions to policy. These loans are disclosed as “Acceptable and Above” in the following table.

Special Mention (Watch) – This is a loan that is sound and collectable but contains potential risk. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

Special Mention (Watch) – COVID-19 Deferrals – This is a loan that is sound and collectable but contains potential risk because the borrower has requested to defer payments, typically for 90 days, in response to COVID-related hardships. Interest is still accruing on these loans and they were not more than 30 days late at the time the deferral was granted. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. This category includes only those loans that were not already in the Traditional Special Mention (Watch) or Substandard categories.

Substandard - Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The following tables present the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio based on internal rating category and payment activity as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	September 30, 2021
	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Special Mention (Watch)	$	—	$	823	$	78,979	$	3,652	$	3,942	$	4	$	87,400
Special Mention (Watch) - COVID-19 Deferrals		—		77		185		—		—		—		262
Substandard		—		780		36,760		6,416		158		6		44,120
Acceptable and Above		891,605		827,270		3,128,518		381,494		88,013		11,679		5,328,579
Total	$	891,605	$	828,950	$	3,244,442	$	391,562	$	92,113	$	11,689	$	5,460,361


	December 31, 2020
	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Special Mention (Watch)	$	222	$	853	$	145,050	$	2,620	$	4,160	$	34	$	152,939
Special Mention (Watch) - COVID-19 Deferrals		—		383		185		110		—		—		678
Substandard		—		2,761		—		9,591		2,100		12		14,464
Acceptable and Above		1,605,523		674,851		2,603,785		374,973		95,008		13,205		5,367,345
Total	$	1,605,745	$	678,848	$	2,749,020	$	387,294	$	101,268	$	13,251	$	5,535,426

The Company evaluates the loan risk grading system definitions and allowance for loan loss methodology on an ongoing basis. No significant changes were made to either during the past year.

Delinquent Loans

The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. There were 3 loans totaling $37.0 million at September 30, 2021 that have

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been modified in accordance with the CARES Act and therefore not classified as delinquent. These loans have been granted extended dates to make payments and no payments were due as of September 30, 2021.


	September 30, 2021
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Greater Than		Total				Total
	Past Due		Past Due		90 Days		Past Due		Current		Loans

	(In thousands)
MTG WHLOC	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	891,605	$	891,605
RES RE		377		196		141		714		828,236		828,950
MF RE		—		—		—		—		3,244,442		3,244,442
CML & CRE		361		46		2,224		2,631		388,931		391,562
AG & AGRE		103		—		—		103		92,010		92,113
CON & MAR		1		34		20		55		11,634		11,689
	$	842	$	276	$	2,385	$	3,503	$	5,456,858	$	5,460,361


	December 31, 2020
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Greater Than		Total				Total
	Past Due		Past Due		90 Days		Past Due		Current		Loans

	(In thousands)
MTG WHLOC	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,605,745	$	1,605,745
RES RE		364		80		630		1,074		677,774		678,848
MF RE		—		36,760		—		36,760		2,712,260		2,749,020
CML & CRE		608		76		3,582		4,266		383,028		387,294
AG & AGRE		3,769		—		1,934		5,703		95,565		101,268
CON & MAR		7		—		19		26		13,225		13,251
	$	4,748	$	36,916	$	6,165	$	47,829	$	5,487,597	$	5,535,426

A loan is considered impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance (ASC 310-10-35-16), when based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans but also include loans modified in TDRs.

Impaired Loans

The following tables present impaired loans and specific valuation allowance information based on class level as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	September 30, 2021
	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Impaired loans without a specific allowance:
Recorded investment	$	—	$	780	$	36,760	$	4,455	$	158	$	6	$	42,159
Unpaid principal balance		—		780		36,760		4,455		158		6		42,159
Impaired loans with a specific allowance:
Recorded investment		—		—		—		1,961		—		—		1,961
Unpaid principal balance		—		—		—		1,961		—		—		1,961
Specific allowance		—		—		—		1,175		—		—		1,175
Total impaired loans:
Recorded investment		—		780		36,760		6,416		158		6		44,120
Unpaid principal balance		—		780		36,760		6,416		158		6		44,120
Specific allowance		—		—		—		1,175		—		—		1,175

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	December 31, 2020
	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Impaired loans without a specific allowance:
Recorded investment	$	—	$	2,704	$	—	$	3,319	$	2,100	$	7	$	8,130
Unpaid principal balance		—		2,704		—		3,319		2,100		7		8,130
Impaired loans with a specific allowance:		—
Recorded investment		—		57		—		6,272		—		5		6,334
Unpaid principal balance		—		57		—		6,272		—		5		6,334
Specific allowance		—		7		—		1,606		—		—		1,613
Total impaired loans:
Recorded investment		—		2,761		—		9,591		2,100		12		14,464
Unpaid principal balance		—		2,761		—		9,591		2,100		12		14,464
Specific allowance		—		7		—		1,606		—		—		1,613

The following tables present by portfolio class, information related to the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:


	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Average recorded investment in impaired loans	$	—	$	595	$	9,190	$	6,731	$	158	$	6	$	16,680
Interest income recognized		—		30		—		82		—		—		112

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Average recorded investment in impaired loans	$	—	$	2,892	$	—	$	10,061	$	2,231	$	14	$	15,198
Interest income recognized		—		7		—		90		—		—		97


	MTG WHLOC		RES RE		MF RE		CML & CRE		AG & AGRE		CON & MAR		TOTAL

	(In thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Average recorded investment in impaired loans	$	—	$	1,885	$	7,352	$	7,307	$	747	$	7	$	17,298
Interest income recognized		—		57		—		341		—		—		398

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Average recorded investment in impaired loans	$	138	$	2,892	$	—	$	9,747	$	1,506	$	17	$	14,300
Interest income recognized		—		42		—		305		—		1		348

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Nonperforming Loans

The following table presents the Company’s nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.


	September 30,				December 31,
	2021				2020
			Total Loans >				Total Loans >
			90 Days &				90 Days &
	Nonaccrual		Accruing		Nonaccrual		Accruing

	(In thousands)
RES RE	$	472	$	16	$	578	$	69
CML & CRE		2,174		50		2,052		1,240
AG & AGRE		158		—		181		2,181
CON & MAR		6		14		12		8

	$	2,810	$	80	$	2,823	$	3,498

No troubled loans were restructured during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2021 or 2020. No restructured loans defaulted during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2021 or 2020. Loan modifications or forbearances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will generally not be considered TDRs.

The CARES Act included several provisions designed to help financial institutions like the Company in working with their customers. Section 4013 of the CARES Act, as extended, allows a financial institution to elect to suspend generally accepted accounting principles and regulatory determinations with respect to qualifying loan modifications related to COVID-19 that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR until January 1, 2022. The Company has taken advantage of this provision to extend certain payment modifications to loan customers in need. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has $37.0 million of outstanding loans that were modified during 2020 or 2021 under the CARES Act guidance, that remain on modified terms. The Company modified other loans under the guidance that have since returned to normal repayment status as of September 30, 2021.

There were no residential loans in process of foreclosure as of September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Note 5: Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)

A VIE is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or any other legal structure used to conduct activities or hold assets generally that either:

●

Does not have equity investors with voting rights that can directly or indirectly make decisions about the entity’s activities through those voting rights or similar rights; or

●

Has equity investors that do not provide sufficient equity for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support.

The Company has invested in single-family and multi-family debt financing entities that are deemed to be VIEs. Accordingly, the entities were assessed for potential consolidation under the VIE model that requires primary beneficiaries to consolidate the entity’s results. A primary beneficiary is defined as the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity, and an interest that could be significant to the entity. To determine if an interest could be significant to the entity, both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of our involvement with the entity are evaluated.

At September 30, 2021 the Company determined it was not the primary beneficiary of its VIEs primarily because the Company did not have the obligation to absorb losses or the rights to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Evaluation and assessment of VIEs for consolidation is performed on an

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ongoing basis by management. Any changes in facts and circumstances occurring since the previous primary beneficiary determination will be considered as part of this ongoing assessment.

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss associated with its VIEs consists of the capital invested plus any unfunded equity commitments. These investments are recorded in “other assets” and “other liabilities” on our balance sheet. The table below reflects the size of the VIEs as well as our maximum exposure to loss in connection with these investments at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020.


	Unconsolidated VIEs
	Total		Total		Maximum
Assets ($ in thousands)	Assets		Liabilities		Exposure to Loss

	(In thousands)
September 30, 2021
Single-family and multi-family debt financing investments	$	25,338	$	12,334	$	25,163
December 31, 2020
Single-family and multi-family debt financing investments	$	—	$	—	$	—

Note 6: Borrowings

The Company joined the American Financial Exchange (“AFX”) in January of 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company utilized unsecured overnight lending arrangements to borrow from other AFX members through extensions of credit. At September 30, 2021, members of the AFX offered a combined borrowing limit of $325.0 million, but availability fluctuates daily. As of September 30, 2021, the outstanding balance was $225.0 million with a rate of 0.07% to 0.08%. Rates are set daily by participating members and may vary by lending member.

Note 7: Regulatory Matters

The Company, Merchants Bank, and FMBI are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by federal and state banking regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company, Merchants Bank, and FMBI must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s, Merchants Bank’s, and FMBI’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s, Merchants Bank’s, and FMBI’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, and other factors. Furthermore, the Company’s, Merchants Bank’s, and FMBI’s regulators could require adjustments to regulatory capital not reflected in these financial statements.

On November 13, 2019, the federal regulators finalized and adopted a regulatory capital rule establishing a new community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”), which became effective on January 1, 2020. The intent of CBLR is to provide a simple alternative measure of capital adequacy for electing qualifying depository institutions and depository institution holding companies, as directed under the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act. Under CBLR, if a qualifying depository institution or depository institution holding company elects to use such measure, such institution or holding company will be considered well capitalized if its ratio of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets (i.e., leverage ratio) exceeds a 9% threshold, subject to a limited two quarter grace period, during which the leverage ratio cannot go 100 basis points below the then applicable threshold, and will not be required to calculate and report risk-based capital ratios. Eligibility criteria to utilize CBLR includes the following:

●

Total assets of less than $10 billion,

●

Total trading assets plus liabilities of 5% or less of consolidated assets,

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●

Total off-balance sheet exposures of 25% or less of consolidated assets,

●

Cannot be an advanced approaches banking organization, and

●

Leverage ratio greater than 9%, or temporarily prescribed threshold established in response to COVID-19.

In April 2020, under the CARES Act, the 9% leverage ratio threshold was temporarily reduced to 8% in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The threshold increased to 8.5% in 2021 and will return to 9% in 2022. The Company, Merchants Bank, and FMBI elected to begin using CBLR in the first quarter of 2020 and all intend to utilize this measure for the foreseeable future and thus will not calculate or report risk-based capital ratios.

On December 2, 2020 the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) issued an interim final rule related to COVID-19 as it pertains to eligibility to utilize CBLR. The rule allows organizations with less than $10 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2019, to use the assets on that date to determine the applicability of various regulatory asset thresholds during 2020 and 2021. If total assets exceed $10 billion after the dates provided in the interim rule, the Company is prepared to address the additional regulatory requirements and does not expect it to have significant financial implications.

Management believes, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, that the Company, Merchants Bank, and FMBI met all the regulatory capital adequacy requirements with CBLR to be classified as well-capitalized, and management is not aware of any conditions or events since the most recent regulatory notification that would change the Company’s, Merchants Bank’s, or FMBI’s category.

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the most recent notifications from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”) categorized the Company as well capitalized and most recent notifications from the FDIC categorized Merchants Bank and FMBI as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Company’s, Merchants Bank’s, or FMBI’s category.

The Company’s, Merchants Bank’s, and FMBI’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following tables.



					Minimum Amount
					To Be Well
	Actual				Capitalized⁽¹⁾
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2021
CBLR (Tier 1) capital⁽¹⁾ (to average assets)
(i.e., CBLR - leverage ratio)
Company	$	1,090,870	10.7	%	$	866,269	> 8.5	%
Merchants Bank		1,052,260	10.6	%		840,748	> 8.5	%
FMBI		27,714	9.6	%		24,538	> 8.5	%

(1)

As defined by regulatory agencies.

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					Minimum Amount
					To Be Well
	Actual				Capitalized⁽¹⁾
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
CBLR (Tier 1) capital⁽¹⁾ (to average assets)
(i.e., CBLR - leverage ratio)
Company	$	792,456	8.6	%	$	738,019	> 8	%
Merchants Bank		781,221	8.7	%		718,120	> 8	%
FMBI		24,456	9.8	%		19,979	> 8	%

(1)

As defined by regulatory agencies.

Failure to exceed the leverage ratio thresholds required under CBLR in the future, subject to any applicable grace period, would require the Company, Merchants Bank, and/or FMBI to return to the risk-based capital ratio thresholds previously utilized under the fully phased-in Basel III Capital Rules to determine capital adequacy.

Note 8: Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to help manage exposure to interest rate risk and the effects that changes in interest rates may have on net income and the fair value of assets and liabilities.

Forward Sales Commitments and Interest Rate Lock Commitments

The Company enters into forward contracts for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors and enters into interest rate lock commitments with potential borrowers to fund specific mortgage loans that will be sold into the secondary market. The forward contracts are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from the Company’s commitment to fund the loans.

Each of these items are considered derivatives, but are not designated as accounting hedges, and are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in noninterest income on the condensed consolidated statements of income. The fair value of derivative instruments with a positive fair value are reported in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets while derivative instruments with a negative fair value are reported in other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents the notional amount and fair value of interest rate locks and forward contracts utilized by the Company at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.


		Notional			Fair Value
		Amount	Balance Sheet Location		Asset		Liability

September 30, 2021		(In thousands)			(In thousands)
Interest rate lock commitments	$	106,948	Other assets/liabilities	$	207	$	465
Forward contracts	$	107,789	Other assets/liabilities		529		16
				$	736	$	481

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		Notional			Fair Value
		Amount	Balance Sheet Location		Asset		Liability

December 31, 2020		(In thousands)			(In thousands)
Interest rate lock commitments	$	412,043	Other assets/liabilities	$	6,131	$	—
Forward contracts	$	304,024	Other assets/liabilities		—		2,682
				$	6,131	$	2,682

Fair values of these derivative financial instruments were estimated using changes in mortgage interest rates from the date the Company entered into the interest rate lock commitment and the balance sheet date. The following table summarizes the periodic changes in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020

	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Interest rate lock commitments	$	(691)	$	2,407	$	(6,389)	$	7,963
Forward contracts (includes pair-off settlements)		(322)		(3,515)		5,785		(7,473)
Net derivative gains (loss)	$	(1,013)	$	(1,108)	$	(604)	$	490

Derivatives on Behalf of Customers

The Company offers derivative contracts to some customers in connection with their risk management needs. These derivatives include interest rate swaps. The Company manages the risk associated with these contracts by entering into an equal and offsetting derivative with a third-party dealer. These derivatives generally work together as an economic interest rate hedge, but the Company does not designate them for hedge accounting treatment. Consequently, changes in fair value of the corresponding derivative financial asset or liability were recorded as either a charge or credit to current earnings during the period in which the changes occurred, typically resulting in no net earnings impact. The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities related to derivatives for customers with interest rate swaps were recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:


		Notional			Fair Value
		Amount	Balance Sheet Location		Asset		Liability

		(In thousands)			(In thousands)
September 30, 2021	$	105,992	Other assets/liabilities	$	1,718	$	1,718
December 31, 2020	$	82,726	Other assets/liabilities	$	3,170	$	3,170

If there is a net gain or loss, the gross gains and losses on these derivative assets and liabilities are recorded in Other Noninterest income and Other Noninterest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income.


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020

	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Gross swap gains	$	371	$	(289)	$	1,452	$	3,048
Gross swap losses		(371)		289		(1,452)		(3,048)
Net swap gains (losses)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The Company pledged $3.9 million and $3.9 million in collateral to secure its obligations under swap contracts at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

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Note 9: Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There is a hierarchy of three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities

Level 3 Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

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Recurring Measurements

The following tables present the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices in		Significant
			Active Markets		Other		Significant
			for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Assets	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)

	(In thousands)
September 30, 2021
Mortgage loans in process of securitization	$	634,027	$	—	$	634,027	$	—
Available for sale securities:
Treasury notes		5,006		5,006		—		—
Federal agencies		244,771		—		244,771		—
Municipals		6,021		—		6,021		—
Mortgage-backed - Government-sponsored entity (GSE)		45,321		—		45,321		—
Loans held for sale		26,296		—		26,296		—
Servicing rights		105,473		—		—		105,473
Derivative assets - interest rate lock commitments		207		—		—		207
Derivative assets - forward contracts		529		—		529		—
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps		1,718		—		1,718		—
Derivative liabilities - interest rate lock commitments		465		—		—		465
Derivative liabilities - forward contracts		16		—		16		—
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps		1,718		—		1,718		—


December 31, 2020
Mortgage loans in process of securitization	$	338,733	$	—	$	338,733	$	—
Available for sale securities:
Treasury notes		6,559		6,559		—		—
Federal agencies		235,040		—		235,040		—
Municipals		6,025		—		6,025		—
Mortgage-backed - Government-sponsored entity (GSE)		22,178		—		22,178		—
Loans held for sale		40,044		—		40,044		—
Servicing rights		82,604		—		—		82,604
Derivative assets - interest rate lock commitments		6,131		—		—		6,131
Derivative asset - interest rate swap		3,170		—		3,170		—
Derivative liabilities - forward contracts		2,682		—		2,682		—
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swap		3,170		—		3,170		—

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020. For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below.

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Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization and Available for Sale Securities

Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities such as U.S. Treasuries are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or independent asset pricing services and pricing models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including, but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, prepayments, defaults, cumulative loss projections and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy including federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities and Federal Housing Administration participation certificates. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

Loans Held for Sale

Certain loans held for sale at fair value are saleable into the secondary mortgage markets and their fair values are estimated using observable quoted market or contracted prices, or market price equivalents, which would be used by other market participants. These saleable loans are considered Level 2.

Servicing Rights

Servicing rights do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. Accordingly, fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow models having significant inputs of discount rate, prepayment speed, and default rate. Due to the nature of the valuation inputs, servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

The Chief Financial Officer’s (CFO) office contracts with a pricing specialist to generate fair value estimates on a quarterly basis. The CFO’s office challenges the reasonableness of the assumptions used and reviews the methodology to ensure the estimated fair value complies with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company estimates the fair value of interest rate lock commitments based on the value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted mortgage backed security prices, estimates of the fair value of the servicing rights, and an estimate of the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the interest rate lock commitment, net of expenses. With respect to its interest rate lock commitments, management determined that a Level 3 classification was most appropriate based on the various significant unobservable inputs utilized in estimating the fair value of its interest rate lock commitments. The Company estimates the fair value of forward sales commitments based on market quotes of mortgage backed security prices for securities similar to the ones used, which are considered Level 2. The fair value of interest rate swaps is based on prices that are obtained from a third party that uses observable market inputs, thereby supporting a Level 2 classification. Changes in fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments are recognized through noninterest income and/or noninterest expenses on its condensed consolidated statement of income.

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Level 3 Reconciliation

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of recurring fair value measurements recognized in the accompanying balance sheets using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020

	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Servicing rights
Balance, beginning of period	$	98,331	$	72,889	$	82,604	$	74,387
Additions
Originated and purchased servicing		7,125		6,462		23,833		14,406
Subtractions
Paydowns		(2,955)		(2,608)		(11,030)		(5,070)
Sales of servicing		—				(438)
Changes in fair value due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model		2,972		(971)		10,504		(7,951)
Balance, end of period	$	105,473	$	75,772	$	105,473	$	75,772

Derivative Assets - interest rate lock commitments
Balance, beginning of period	$	487	$	5,742	$	6,131	$	186
Changes in fair value		(280)		2,408		(5,924)		7,964
Balance, end of period	$	207	$	8,150	$	207	$	8,150

Derivative Liabilities - interest rate lock commitments
Balance, beginning of period	$	54	$	—	$	—	$	—
Changes in fair value		411		1		465		1
Balance, end of period	$	465	$	1	$	465	$	1

Nonrecurring Measurements

The following table presents the fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.


	Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices in		Significant
			Active Markets		Other		Significant
			for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Fair		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Assets	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)

	(In thousands)
September 30, 2021
Impaired loans (collateral-dependent)	$	4,129	$	—	$	—	$	4,129
December 31, 2020
Impaired loans (collateral-dependent)	$	4,059	$	—	$	—	$	4,059

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheet, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Collateral-Dependent Impaired Loans, Net of Allowance for Loan Losses

The estimated fair value of collateral-dependent impaired loans is based on the appraised fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. Collateral-dependent impaired loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company considers the appraisal or evaluation as the starting point for determining fair value and then considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value. Appraisals of the collateral underlying collateral-dependent loans are obtained when the loan is determined to be collateral-dependent and subsequently as deemed necessary by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer’s (CCO) office. Appraisals are reviewed for accuracy and consistency by the CCO’s office. Appraisers are selected from the list of approved appraisers maintained by management. The appraised values are reduced by discounts to consider lack of marketability and estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of the loan is dependent on the sale of the collateral. These discounts and estimates are developed by the CCO’s office by comparison to historical results.

Unobservable (Level 3) Inputs:

The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements other than goodwill.


			Valuation			Weighted
	Fair Value		Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range	Average
	(In thousands)
At September 30, 2021:
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	4,129	Market comparable properties	Marketability discount	77%	77%
Servicing rights - Multi-family	$	81,661	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	8% - 13%	9%
				Constant prepayment rate	0% - 50%	5%
Servicing rights - Single-family	$	21,610	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	9% - 10%	9%
				Constant prepayment rate	11% - 13%	11%
Servicing rights - SBA	$	2,202	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	16%	16%
				Constant prepayment rate	9% - 44%	12%
Derivative assets - interest rate lock commitments	$	207	Discounted cash flow	Loan closing rates	54% - 99%	85%
Derivative liabilities - interest rate lock commitments	$	465	Discounted cash flow	Loan closing rates	54% - 99%	85%

At December 31, 2020:
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	4,059	Market comparable properties	Marketability discount	43%	43%
Servicing rights - Multi-family	$	73,569	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	8% - 13%	9%
				Constant prepayment rate	2% - 43%	4%
Servicing rights - Single-family	$	9,035	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	11%	11%
				Constant prepayment rate	8% - 35%	16%
Derivative assets - interest rate lock commitments	$	6,131	Discounted cash flow	Loan closing rates	55% - 99%	75%

Sensitivity of Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following is a discussion of the sensitivity of significant unobservable inputs, the interrelationships between those inputs and other unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurement, and of how those inputs might magnify or mitigate the effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement.

Servicing Rights

The most significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s servicing rights are discount rates and constant prepayment rates. These two inputs can drive a significant amount of a market participant’s valuation of servicing rights. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate or assumed constant prepayment rates used to value servicing rights would decrease (increase) the value derived.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying amount and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not carried at fair value and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.


			Fair Value Measurements Using
					Quoted Prices in		Significant
					Active Markets		Other		Significant
					for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Fair		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Assets	Value		Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)

	(In thousands)
September 30, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	802,576	$	802,576	$	802,576	$	—	$	—
Securities purchased under agreements to resell		5,923		5,923		—		5,923		—
FHLB stock		70,767		70,767		—		70,767		—
Loans held for sale		3,426,983		3,426,983		—		3,426,983		—
Loans, net		5,431,227		5,389,595		—		—		5,389,595
Interest receivable		21,894		21,894		—		21,894		—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		8,947,319		8,948,327		7,707,121		1,241,206		—
Short-term subordinated debt		17,000		17,000		—		17,000		—
FHLB advances		556,979		556,992		—		556,992		—
Other borrowing		235,157		235,157		—		235,157		—
Interest payable		2,477		2,477		—		2,477		—

December 31, 2020
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	179,728	$	179,728	$	179,728	$	—	$	—
Securities purchased under agreements to resell		6,580		6,580		—		6,580		—
FHLB stock		70,656		70,656		—		70,656		—
Loans held for sale		3,030,110		3,030,110		—		3,030,110		—
Loans, net		5,507,926		5,484,824		—		—		5,484,824
Interest receivable		21,770		21,770		—		21,770		—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		7,408,066		7,410,759		7,051,413		359,346		—
Short-term subordinated debt		14,960		14,960		—		14,960		—
FHLB advances		1,221,071		1,221,870		—		1,221,870		—
Federal Reserve discount window/PPPLF advances		112,225		112,225		—		112,225		—
Interest payable		1,476		1,476		—		1,476		—

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Merchants Bancorp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 10: Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share were computed as follows:


	Three Month Periods Ended September 30,
	2021					2020
			Weighted-	Per				Weighted-	Per
	Net		Average	Share		Net		Average	Share
	Income		Shares	Amount		Income		Shares	Amount
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Net income	$	58,503				$	55,002
Dividends on preferred stock		(5,729)					(3,618)
Net income allocated to common shareholders	$	52,774				$	51,384
Basic earnings per share			28,784,197	$	1.83			28,745,614	$	1.79
Effect of dilutive securities-restricted stock awards			92,306					32,848
Diluted earnings per share			28,876,503	$	1.83			28,778,462	$	1.79


	Nine Month Periods Ended September 30,
	2021					2020
			Weighted-	Per				Weighted-	Per
	Net		Average	Share		Net		Average	Share
	Income		Shares	Amount		Income		Shares	Amount
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Net income	$	171,903				$	120,747
Dividends on preferred stock		(15,145)					(10,855)
Net income allocated to common shareholders	$	156,758				$	109,892
Basic earnings per share			28,779,745	$	5.45			28,741,395	$	3.82
Effect of dilutive securities-restricted stock awards			87,380					25,361
Diluted earnings per share			28,867,125	$	5.43			28,766,756	$	3.82

Note 11: Share-Based Payment Plans

Equity-based incentive awards are currently issued pursuant to the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Incentive Plan”). Prior to the adoption of the 2017 Incentive Plan, the equity awards issued historically consisted of restricted stock awards issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan for Merchants Bank Executive Officers (the “Prior Incentive Plan”). As of the effective date of the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, no further awards will be granted under the Prior Incentive Plan. However, any previously outstanding incentive award granted under the Prior Incentive Plan remains subject to the terms of such plan until the time it is no longer outstanding. During the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not issue any shares pursuant to awards issued under these plans. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company issued 35,056 and 36,046 shares, respectively, pursuant to plans.

During 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved a plan for non-executive directors to receive a portion of their annual retainer fees in the form of shares of common stock equal to $10,000, rounded up to the nearest whole share. In January 2021, the Board of Directors amended the plan for nonexecutive directors to receive a portion of their annual fees, issued quarterly, in the form of restricted common stock equal to $50,000 per member, rounded up to the nearest whole share, to be effective after the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders held in May 2021. There were 1,775 and 3,235 shares issued to non-executive directors during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively and there were 0 and 3,130 shares issued to non-executive directors during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

Note 12: Segment Information

Our Company’s business segments are defined as Multi-family Mortgage Banking, Mortgage Warehousing, and Banking. The reportable business segments are consistent with the internal reporting and evaluation of the principal lines of business of the Company. The Multi-family Mortgage Banking segment originates and services government

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

sponsored mortgages for multi-family and healthcare facilities. The Mortgage Warehousing segment funds agency eligible residential loans from the date of origination or purchase, until the date of sale in the secondary market, as well as commercial loans to non-depository financial institutions. The Banking segment provides a wide range of financial products and services to consumers and businesses, including retail banking, commercial lending, agricultural lending, retail and correspondent residential mortgage banking, and Small Business Administration (“SBA”) lending. Other includes general and administrative expenses that provide services to all segments; internal funds transfer pricing offsets resulting from allocations to/from the other segments, certain elimination entries and investments in qualified affordable housing limited partnerships. All operations are domestic.

The tables below present selected business segment financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.


	Multi-family
	Mortgage		Mortgage
	Banking		Warehousing		Banking		Other		Total

	(In thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Interest income	$	272	$	33,153	$	42,561	$	1,328	$	77,314
Interest expense		—		2,334		6,904		(805)		8,433
Net interest income		272		30,819		35,657		2,133		68,881
Provision for loan losses		—		(585)		1,664		—		1,079
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		272		31,404		33,993		2,133		67,802
Noninterest income		35,022		2,734		3,803		(1,288)		40,271
Noninterest expense		15,569		2,971		6,304		4,628		29,472
Income before income taxes		19,725		31,167		31,492		(3,783)		78,601
Income taxes		5,277		7,950		8,029		(1,158)		20,098
Net income (loss)	$	14,448	$	23,217	$	23,463	$	(2,625)	$	58,503
Total assets	$	280,927	$	4,685,037	$	5,950,316	$	35,753	$	10,952,033


	Multi-family
	Mortgage		Mortgage
	Banking		Warehousing		Banking		Other		Total

	(In thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Interest income	$	245	$	47,321	$	27,628	$	1,064	$	76,258
Interest expense		—		4,546		7,139		(749)		10,936
Net interest income		245		42,775		20,489		1,813		65,322
Provision for loan losses		—		691		2,290		—		2,981
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		245		42,084		18,199		1,813		62,341
Noninterest income		20,471		6,834		12,374		(1,022)		38,657
Noninterest expense		11,955		3,534		7,145		3,750		26,384
Income before income taxes		8,761		45,384		23,428		(2,959)		74,614
Income taxes		2,870		11,591		5,942		(791)		19,612
Net income (loss)	$	5,891	$	33,793	$	17,486	$	(2,168)	$	55,002
Total assets	$	194,624	$	5,179,664	$	4,111,984	$	44,203	$	9,530,475

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	Multi-family
	Mortgage		Mortgage
	Banking		Warehousing		Banking		Other		Total

	(In thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Interest income	$	683	$	101,675	$	123,084	$	3,859	$	229,301
Interest expense		—		5,657		20,559		(2,166)		24,050
Net interest income		683		96,018		102,525		6,025		205,251
Provision for loan losses		—		(1,709)		4,136		—		2,427
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		683		97,727		98,389		6,025		202,824
Noninterest income		96,828		9,930		14,094		(3,790)		117,062
Noninterest expense		45,639		8,570		20,925		12,605		87,739
Income before income taxes		51,872		99,087		91,558		(10,370)		232,147
Income taxes		14,492		25,239		23,329		(2,816)		60,244
Net income	$	37,380	$	73,848	$	68,229	$	(7,554)	$	171,903
Total assets	$	280,927	$	4,685,037	$	5,950,316	$	35,753	$	10,952,033


	Multi-family
	Mortgage		Mortgage
	Banking		Warehousing		Banking		Other			Total

	(In thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Interest income	$	925	$	119,464	$	82,541	$	1,949	$	204,879
Interest expense		—		24,417		29,323		(3,770)		49,970
Net interest income		925		95,047		53,218		5,719		154,909
Provision for loan losses		—		1,071		6,653		—		7,724
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		925		93,976		46,565		5,719		147,185
Noninterest income		50,160		15,236		22,236		(2,885)		84,747
Noninterest expense		29,771		10,074		18,930		10,184		68,959
Income before income taxes		21,314		99,138		49,871		(7,350)		162,973
Income taxes		6,373		25,196		12,623		(1,966)		42,226
Net income	$	14,941	$	73,942	$	37,248	$	(5,384)	$	120,747
Total assets	$	194,624	$	5,179,664	$	4,111,984	$	44,203	$	9,530,475

Note 13: Preferred Stock Offerings

Public Offerings of Preferred Stock:

On March 28, 2019, the Company issued 2,000,000 shares of 7.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value, and with a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”). The aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued by the Company was $50.0 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $1.7 million paid to third parties, the Company received total net proceeds of $48.3 million. On April 12, 2019, the Company issued an additional 81,800 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to the underwriters related to their exercise of an option to purchase additional shares under the associated underwriting agreement, resulting in an additional $2.0 million in net proceeds, after deducting $41,000 in underwriting discounts. The Series A Preferred Stock have no voting rights with respect to matters that generally require the approval of our common shareholders. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, are payable quarterly. The Company may redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at its option, on any dividend payment date on or after April 1, 2024, subject to the

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, at the liquidation preference, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends) to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

On August 19, 2019, the Company issued 5,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40^th interest in a share of its 6.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series B Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), and with a liquidation preference of $1,000.00 per share (equivalent to $25.00 per depositary share). The aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued by the Company was $125.0 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $4.2 million paid to third parties, the Company received total net proceeds of $120.8 million. The Series B Preferred Stock have no voting rights with respect to matters that generally require the approval of our common shareholders. Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, are payable quarterly. The Company may redeem the Series B Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at our option, on any dividend payment date on or after October 1, 2024, subject to the approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, at the liquidation preference, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends) to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

On March 23, 2021, the Company issued 6,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40^th interest in a share of its 6.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series C Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), and with a liquidation preference of $1,000.00 per share (equivalent to $25.00 per depositary share). The aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued by the Company was $150.0 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $5.1 million paid to third parties, the Company received total net proceeds of $144.9 million. The Series C Preferred Stock have no voting rights with respect to matters that generally require the approval of our common shareholders. Dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, are payable quarterly. The Company may redeem the Series C Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at our option, on any dividend payment date on or after April 1, 2026, subject to the approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, at the liquidation preference, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends) to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

Private Placement Offerings of Preferred Stock

The Company previously issued a total of 41,625 shares of 8% Non-Cumulative, Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value, with a liquidation preference of $1,000.00 per share (8% Preferred Stock”) in private placement offerings. The Company was able to redeem this Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at its option, on any dividend payment date on or after December 31, 2020, subject to the approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, at the liquidation preference, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends) to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

On June 27, 2019 the Company issued an additional 874,000 shares of its 7.00% Series A Preferred Stock, without par value and with a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, for aggregate proceeds of $21.85 million. No underwriter or placement agent was involved in this private placement and the Company did not pay any brokerage or underwriting fees or discounts in connection with the issuance of such shares. The shares were purchased primarily by related parties, including Michael Petrie, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Randall Rogers, Vice Chairman and a director and members of his family; Michael Dury, President of Merchants Capital; and other accredited investors.

On April 15, 2021, all 41,625 shares of the 8% Preferred Stock were redeemed for $41.6 million, plus unpaid dividends of $139,000. On May 6, 2021 the 8% Preferred Stock shareholders participated in a private offering to replace their redeemed shares with Series C Preferred Stock. Accordingly, 46,181 shares (1,847,233 depositary shares) of Series C Preferred Stock were issued at a price of $25 per depositary share. The total capital raised from the private offering was $46.2 million, net of $23,000 in expenses.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Repurchase/Redemption of Preferred Stock:

On September 23, 2019 the Company repurchased and subsequently retired 874,000 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock, for its liquidation preference of $25 per share, at an aggregate cost of $21.85 million. There were no brokerage fees in connection with the transaction.

On April 15, 2021, all 41,625 shares of the 8% Preferred Stock were redeemed for $41.6 million, plus unpaid dividends of $139,000.

Note 14: Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company is an emerging growth company and as such will be subject to the effective dates noted for private companies if they differ from the effective dates noted for public companies.

FASB ASU 2016-02, Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases.” Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date:

●

A lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and

●

A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.

Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The new lease guidance simplified the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach.

As an emerging growth company, the amendments in ASU 2016-02 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and for interim periods for years beginning after January 1, 2022. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of adopting this new guidance, but it does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

FASB ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses”, commonly referred to as “CECL”. The amendments in this ASU replace the incurred loss model with a methodology that reflects the “current expected credit losses” over the life of the loan and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to calculate credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology with a new methodology that reflects expected credit losses over the lives of the loans and requires consideration of a broader range of information to form credit loss estimates. The ASU requires an organization to estimate all expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Additional disclosures are required.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

As an emerging growth company, the amendments in ASU 2016-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Because the Company’s status as an emerging growth company is expected to expire on December 31, 2022, this standard will be implemented by December 31, 2022. The Company has established a cross-functional committee that has developed a project plan to review modeling data currently available and technology needed to ensure compliance with this standard. The committee has contracted with a vendor to assist in generating specific loan level details within our core systems, as well as compiling peer and industry data that would be useful in our modeling forecasts. The Company expects to recognize a one-time cumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective, and is progressing towards determining the magnitude of any such one-time adjustment or the overall impact of the new guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Management continues to recognize that the implementation of this ASU may increase the balance of the allowance for loan losses and will be evaluating the potential impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the remainder of 2021.

FASB ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12. This ASU removes specific exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 in GAAP. It eliminates the need for an organization to analyze whether the following apply in a given period: (1) exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation; (2) exceptions to accounting for basis differences when there are ownership changes in foreign investments; and (3) exception in interim period income tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses. The ASU also improves financial statement preparers’ application of income tax-related guidance and simplifies GAAP for: (1) franchise taxes that are partially based on income; (2) transactions with a government that result in a step up in the tax basis of goodwill; (3) separate financial statements of legal entities that are not subject to tax; and (4) enacted changes in tax laws in interim periods.

As an emerging growth company, the amendments in this update become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the new guidance but does not expect it to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary, optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects of, the transition away from the LIBOR or other interbank offered rate on financial reporting. To help with the transition to new reference rates, the ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to affected contract modifications and hedge accounting relationships. The main provisions include:

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A change in a contract’s reference interest rate would be accounted for as a continuation of that contract rather than as the creation of a new one for contracts, including loans, debt, leases, and other arrangements, that meet specific criteria.

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When updating its hedging strategies in response to reference rate reform, an entity would be allowed to preserve its hedge accounting.

Entities may apply this ASU as of the beginning of an interim period that includes the March 12, 2020 issuance date of the ASU, through December 31, 2022. The Company is in the process of implementing a transition plan to identify and modify its loans and other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Company believes the adoption of this guidance on activities subsequent to December 31, 2020 through December 31, 2022 would not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

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Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this Form 10-Q, including, but not limited to, statements within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “might,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “goal,” “target,” “outlook,” “aim,” “would,” “annualized”, and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control, such as the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, we caution that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

A number of important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including those factors identified in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 or “Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q or the following:

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impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the severity, magnitude, duration, and businesses’ and governments’ responses thereto, on the Company’s operations and personnel, and on activity and demand across its businesses;

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business and economic conditions, particularly those affecting the financial services industry and our primary market areas;

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our ability to successfully manage our credit risk and the sufficiency of our allowance for loan loss;

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factors that can impact the performance of our loan portfolio, including real estate values and liquidity in our primary market areas, the financial health of our commercial borrowers and the success of construction projects that we finance, including any loans acquired in acquisition transactions;

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compliance with governmental and regulatory requirements, including the Dodd-Frank Act and others relating to banking, consumer protection, securities, and tax matters;

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our ability to maintain licenses required in connection with multi-family mortgage origination, sale, and servicing operations;

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our ability to identify and address cyber-security risks, fraud, and systems errors;

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our ability to effectively execute our strategic plan and manage our growth;

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changes in our senior management team and our ability to attract, motivate, and retain qualified personnel;

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governmental monetary and fiscal policies, and changes in market interest rates;

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liquidity issues, including fluctuations in the fair value and liquidity of the securities we hold for sale and our ability to raise additional capital, if necessary;

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incremental costs and obligations associated with operating as a public company;

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effects of competition from a wide variety of local, regional, national, and other providers of financial, investment and insurance services;

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the impact of any claims or legal actions to which we may be subject, including any effect on our reputation; and

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changes in federal tax law or policy.

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this Form 10-Q. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition at September 30, 2021 and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, appearing in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

The words “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Merchants Bancorp and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless we indicate otherwise.

Financial Highlights for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

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Net income of $58.5 million increased 6% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020.

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Diluted earnings per share of $1.83 increased 2% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020.

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The $3.5 million, or 6%, increase in net income compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily driven by a $3.6 million, or 5% increase in net interest income that reflected a 23% decrease in the cost of deposits and a 1% increase in interest income from higher loan balances.

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Total assets of $11.0 billion increased 14%, compared to December 31, 2020, representing the highest level in Company history.

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Return on average assets was 2.29% for the third quarter 2021 compared to 2.34% in the third quarter of 2020.

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Credit quality remained strong, as nonperforming loans (nonaccrual and accruing loans greater or equal to 90 days past due) represented 0.05% of loans receivable at September 30, 2021, compared to 0.05% at June 30, 2021 and 0.11% at December 31, 2020.

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The volume of loans originated and acquired for sale in the secondary market through our multi-family business increased by $92.7 million, to $564.8 million, compared to $472.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Business Overview

We are a diversified bank holding company headquartered in Carmel, Indiana and registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. We currently operate in and service multiple lines of business, including multi-family housing, mortgage warehouse financing, retail and correspondent residential mortgage banking, agricultural lending, and traditional community banking.

Our business consists primarily of funding low risk loans that sell within 90 days of origination. The sale of loans and servicing fees generated primarily from the multi-family rental real estate loans servicing portfolio contribute to noninterest income. The funding source is primarily from mortgage custodial, municipal, retail, commercial, and brokered deposits. We believe that the combination of net interest income and noninterest income from the sale of low risk profile assets results in lower than industry charge offs and a lower expense base serving to maximize net income and shareholder return.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. These estimates are based upon historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the current circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”) contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an “emerging growth company” we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period until December 31, 2022, at the latest. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

The estimates and judgments that management believes have the most effect on its reported financial position and results of operations are set forth within “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. There have been no significant changes in critical accounting policies or the assumptions and judgments utilized in applying these policies since those reported for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Financial Condition

As of September 30, 2021, we had approximately $11.0 billion in total assets, $8.9 billion in deposits and $1.1 billion in total shareholders’ equity. Total assets as of September 30, 2021 included approximately $802.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, $3.5 billion of loans held for sale and $5.4 billion of loans held for investment. It also included $634.0 million of mortgage loans in process of securitization that represent pre-sold multi-family rental real estate loan originations in primarily Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) mortgage backed securities pending settlements that typically occur within 30 days. There were $301.1 million of available for sale securities that are match funded with related custodial deposits. There are restrictions on the types of securities, as these are funded by certain custodial deposits where we set the cost of deposits based on the yield of the related securities. Servicing rights were $105.5 million at September 30, 2021 based on the fair value of the loan servicing, which are primarily GNMA servicing rights with 10-year call protection.

Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020

Total Assets. Total assets increased 14% to $11.0 billion at September 30, 2021 from $9.6 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was due primarily to increases in cash and cash equivalents of $622.8 million, loans held for sale of $383.1 million and mortgage loans in process of securitization of $295.3 million. Partially offsetting the increase was a $76.7 million decrease in net loans receivable.

While we do not expect to continue the same asset growth rate we experienced in 2020 and do expect to continue to meet the eligibility of and utilize community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”), including any applicable grace period (as discussed under the caption Liquidity and Capital Resources below), we may take advantage of market conditions that could present opportunities for continued growth, even if such opportunities result in us no longer meeting the eligibility requirements, such as exceeding $10 billion in assets. While our assets at September 30, 2021 exceeded the $10 billion traditional maximum to utilize CBLR, the FDIC issued an interim final rule related to COVID-19 that allows organizations with less than $10 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2019, to use the assets on that date to determine the applicability of various regulatory asset thresholds during 2021. Should our assets remain above $10 billion, the earliest we would have to comply with the risk-based capital rules would be September 30, 2022.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents increased $622.9 million, or 347%, to $802.6 million at September 30, 2021 from $179.7 million at December 31, 2020. The 347% increase reflected higher liquidity to fund anticipated loan growth.

Mortgage Loans in Process of Securitization. Mortgage loans in process of securitization increased $295.3 million, or 87%, to $634.0 million at September 30, 2021, from $338.7 million at December 31, 2020. These represent loans that our banking subsidiary, Merchants Bank, has funded and are held pending settlement, primarily as GNMA mortgage-backed securities with a firm investor commitment to purchase the securities. The 87% increase was primarily due to an increase in the volume of loans that had not yet settled with government agencies.

Securities Available for Sale. Securities available for sale increased $31.3 million, or 12%, to $301.1 million at September 30, 2021, from 269.8 million at December 31, 2020. The increase in securities available for sale was primarily due to purchases of $195.2 million, partially offset by calls, maturities, sales, and repayments of securities totaling $163.0 million during the period. The purchases include the $28.7 million in securities purchased from Freddie Mac following the loan sale and securitization arrangement with Freddie Mac described in Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses.

We invest in available for sale securities primarily using funds from escrow deposits held at Merchants Bank, received in connection with our multi-family mortgage servicing activities. The available for sale securities are funded by escrow custodial deposits held at the Company on loans serviced by us. This portfolio of securities is structured to achieve a favorable interest rate spread.

Loans Held for Sale. Loans held for sale, comprised primarily of single-family residential real estate loan participations that meet Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), or GNMA eligibility, increased $383.1 million, or 12%, to $3.5 billion at September 30, 2021 from $3.1 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was due primarily to a $309.5 million increase in warehouse participation balances at September 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020, as well as an increase in multi-family loans held for sale related to our debt financing investments that were created in 2021.

Loans Receivable, Net. Loans receivable, net, which are comprised of loans held for investment, decreased $76.7 million, or 1%, to $5.4 billion at September 30, 2021 compared to $5.5 billion at December 31, 2020. The decrease in net loans receivable was comprised primarily of:

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a decrease of $714.1 million, or 44%, in mortgage warehouse lines of credit, to $891.6 million at September 30, 2021, partially offset by

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an increase of $495.4 million, or 18%, in multi-family and healthcare financing loans, to $3.2 billion at September 30, 2021, and

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an increase of $150.1 million, or 22%, in residential real estate, to $829.0 million at September 30, 2021.

The $714.1 million decrease in mortgage warehouse lines of credit was primarily due to lower loan volume as higher rates have decreased demand in refinancing activity. This was partially offset by increases in loans held for sale and mortgage loans in process of securitization in our mortgage warehouse business. Despite a 28% decrease in warehouse loan volume for the nine months ending September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the balance of total assets in the Warehouse segment declined only 4% compared to December 31, 2020.

The $495.4 million increase in multi-family and healthcare financing was due to higher origination volume for construction, bridge and other loans generated through our multi-family segment that will remain on our balance sheet until they convert to permanent financing or are otherwise paid off over an average of one to three years. Partially offsetting the higher origination volume was the $262.0 million loan sale and securitization arrangement with Freddie Mac described in Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses.

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The $150.1 million increase in residential real estate loans was primarily due to growth in first-lien HELOC loans.

As of September 30, 2021, approximately 95% of the total net loans at Merchants Bank reprice within three months.

Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses of $29.1 million at September 30, 2021 increased $1.6 million compared to December 31, 2020, primarily reflecting increases associated with loan growth in the multi-family portfolio. The portion of the allowance associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has remained relatively steady since September 30, 2020, at approximately $0.7 million. Partially offsetting the loan growth was a release of $1.4 million from the allowance associated with the $262.0 million loan sale and ultimate securitization by Freddie Mac. As described in Note 4: Loans and Allowances for Loan Losses, this $1.4 million release was offset by the establishment of a $1.4 reserve in Other Liabilities related to the first loss obligation of securities purchased after the securitization.

We have minimal direct exposure to consumer, commercial, and other small businesses that may be negatively impacted by COVID-19, but continue to assist customers facing financial setbacks. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had only 3 loans remaining in payment deferral arrangements, with unpaid balances of $37.0 million compared to $0.9 million at December 31, 2020, with the increase reflecting one multi-family loan for which full repayment is expected and is fully collateralized.

Also influencing the overall level of the allowance for loan losses is our differentiated strategy to typically hold loans with shorter durations and to maintain strict underwriting standards that enable us to sell the majority of our loans to government agencies.

Goodwill. Goodwill of $15.8 million at September 30, 2021 remained unchanged compared to December 31, 2020. At this time, we do not believe there exists any impairment to goodwill or intangible assets.

Servicing Rights. Servicing rights increased $22.9 million, or 28%, to $105.5 million at September 30, 2021 compared to $82.6 million at December 31, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, originated and purchased servicing of $23.8 million and a positive fair value increase of $10.5 million was partially offset by paydowns of $11.0 million, and sold servicing of $0.4. The positive fair market value adjustment reflected $5.9 million for single-family mortgages, $3.1 million for multi-family mortgages and $1.5 million for SBA loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Servicing rights are recognized in connection with sales of loans when we retain servicing of the sold loans, as well as upon purchases of loan servicing portfolios. The servicing rights are recorded and carried at fair value. The fair value increase recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was driven by higher loan balances of mortgages serviced and higher interest rates that impacted fair market value adjustments. The value of servicing rights generally increases in rising interest rate environments and declines in falling interest rate environments.

Other Assets and Receivables. Other assets and receivables of $76.6 million at September 31, 2021 increased $27.1 million, or 55%, compared to $49.5 million at December 31, 2020. The increase reflected investments in variable interest entities involved in single-family and multi-family debt financing. See Note 5: Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) for additional information about VIEs.

Deposits. Deposits increased $1.5 billion, or 21%, to $8.9 billion at September 30, 2021 from $7.4 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to growth in certificate of deposits accounts as well as savings deposits accounts. Certificate of deposits increased $883.5 million, or 248%, to $1.2 billion at September 30, 2021, while savings deposits increased $683.0 million, or 35%, to $2.7 billion at September 30, 2021.

We have increased our use of brokered deposits by $492.7 million, or 42%, to $1.7 billion at September 30, 2021 from $1.2 billion at December 31, 2020. Brokered deposits represented 19% of total deposits at September 30, 2021, compared to 16% of total deposits at December 31, 2020. The increases in brokered deposits reflected a shift from borrowing at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis during the three months ended September 30, 2021 after a change in their collateral policy to eliminate certain agency eligible mortgage loan participations.

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Brokered certificates of deposit accounts increased $653.8 million, or 2,242%, to $683.0 million at September 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020.

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Brokered savings deposits increased $8.9 million, to $333.3 million at September 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020.

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Brokered demand deposit accounts decreased by $170.1 million, or 21%, to $650.1 million at September 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020.

Although our brokered deposits are short-term in nature, they may be more rate sensitive compared to other sources of funding. In the future, those depositors may not replace their brokered deposits with us as they mature, or we may have to pay a higher rate of interest to keep those deposits or to replace them with other deposits or other sources of funds. Not being able to maintain or replace those deposits as they mature would adversely affect our liquidity. Additionally, if Merchants Bank does not maintain its well-capitalized position, it may not accept or renew any brokered deposits without a waiver granted by the FDIC.

Compared to December 31, 2020, interest-bearing deposits increased $1.6 billion, or 24%, to $8.1 billion at September 30, 2021, and noninterest-bearing deposits decreased $29.5 million, or 3%, to $824.1 million at September 30, 2021.

Borrowings. Borrowings totaled $809.1 million at September 30, 2021, a decrease of $539.1 million, or 40%, from December 31, 2020. Depending on rates, timing and availability, borrowing can be a more effective liquidity management alternative than utilizing brokered certificates of deposits. The Company utilizes borrowing facilities from the FHLBI, the Federal Reserve’s discount window, the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”) and the American Financial Exchange (“AFX”).

The Company continues to have significant borrowing capacity based on available collateral. As of September 30, 2021, unused lines of credit totaled $2.1 billion, compared to $2.6 billion at December 31, 2020. The decrease compared to December 31, 2020 reflected a shift from borrowing at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis during the three months ended September 30, 2021 after a change in their collateral policy to eliminate certain agency eligible mortgage loan participations. While the amounts available fluctuate daily, we also had an additional $100.0 million of borrowing capacity through our membership in the AFX as of September 30, 2021.

Total Shareholders’ Equity. Total shareholders’ equity increased $299.3 million, or 37%, to $1.1 billion at September 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020. The increase resulted primarily from the Series C 6% preferred stock offerings that raised $191.1 million in new capital, net of $5.1 million in offering costs.

Asset Quality

The Company believes it has minimal direct exposure on loans to consumer, commercial and other small businesses that may be negatively impacted by COVID-19. As of September 30, 2021, we had only 3 loans remaining in payment deferral arrangements, with unpaid balances of $37.0 million. This increase compared to $0.9 million at December 31, 2020 was due to one multi-family loan for which full repayment is expected and is fully collateralized. Management has also assisted small businesses that could benefit from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, particularly in the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). As of September 30, 2021, we had principal balances of $13.0 million in loans to small businesses under this program, compared to $60.2 million at December 31, 2020.

Total nonperforming loans (nonaccrual and greater than 90 days late but still accruing) were $2.9 million, or 0.05%, of loans receivable at September 30, 2021, compared to $6.3 million, or 0.11%, of loans receivable at December 31, 2020 and $7.9 million, or 0.16%, at September 30, 2020.

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As a percentage of nonperforming loans, the allowance for loan losses was 1,008.1% at September 30, 2021 compared to 435.1% at December 31, 2020 and 295.9% at September 30, 2020. The changes compared to both periods were primarily due to the changes in the nonperforming loans.

Total loans greater than 30 days past due were $3.5 million at September 30, 2021, $47.8 million at December 31, 2020, and $8.7 million at September 30, 2020.

Traditional Special Mention (Watch) loans were $87.4 million at September 30, 2021, compared to $152.9 million at December 31, 2020 and $107.4 million at September 30, 2020. The decrease compared to both periods primarily reflected the transition of one multi-family loan in the Special Mention (Watch) category to the Substandard category. The transitioned loan is fully collateralized and is expected to be repaid. The decrease also reflected a large borrowing relationship that was removed from this category after its financial performance improved. An additional category of Special Mention (Watch) loans was added as of June 30, 2020, and as of September 30, 2021 included $262,000 in arrangements related to COVID-19 deferral plans that were not already included in the traditional Special Mention or Substandard categories. Classified (substandard, doubtful and loss) loans were $44.1 million at September 30, 2021, $14.5 million at December 31, 2020 and $16.0 million at September 30, 2020. The increase compared to both periods primarily reflected the transition of a loan previously included on the Special Mention (Watch) category, to the Substandard category, for which full repayment is expected.

During the three months ended September 30, 2021 there were $650,000 of charge-offs and $9,000 of recoveries, compared to $104,000 of charge-offs and $62,000 recoveries for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were $810,000 of charge-offs and $17,000 of recoveries, compared to $236,000 of charge-offs and $106,000 of recoveries for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

General. Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $58.5 million, an increase of $3.5 million, or 6%, from net income for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $3.6 million, or 5% increase in net interest income that reflected a 23% decrease in the cost of deposits and a 1% increase in interest income from higher loan balances. Also contributing to the increase in net income was a $1.9 million, or 64%, decrease in the provision for loan losses, and a $1.6 million, or 4%, increase in noninterest income. Noninterest income benefited from a $3.0 million positive fair market value adjustment to servicing rights for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $1.0 million negative fair market value adjustment for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Partially offsetting the increases to net income was a $3.6 million, or 22%, increase in salaries and employee benefits to support higher loan production volumes.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased $3.6 million, or 5%, to $68.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared with the three months ended September 30, 2020. The 5% increase reflected a $2.1 million, or 23%, decrease in the cost of deposits and a $1.1 million, or 1%, increase in interest income from higher loan balances. The interest rate spread of 2.67% for the third quarter of 2021 decreased 7 basis points compared to 2.74% in the third quarter of 2020.

Our net interest margin decreased 8 basis points, to 2.73%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from 2.81% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in net interest margin reflected lower funding costs and higher loan balances that were outpaced by lower interest rates on loans.

Interest Income. Interest income increased $1.1 million, or 1%, to $77.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared with the three months ended September 30, 2020. This increase was primarily attributable to significant multi-family loan growth that was partially offset by lower rates.

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Interest income for loans and loans held for sale increased $1.1 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. The average balance of loans, including loans held for sale, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 increased $765.4 million, or 10%, to $8.7 billion from $7.9 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2020, while the average yield on loans decreased 28 basis points, to 3.33%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 3.61% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in average balances of loans and loans held for sale was primarily due to significant increases in multi-family volume. The decrease in the average yield on loans reflected higher loan volume and lower overall interest rates in the economy period to period.

Interest income from taxable available for sale securities increased $684,000 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. The average balance of taxable available for sale securities increased $38.6 million, or 14%, to $308.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020, and the average yield increased 79 basis points to 1.43% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in average yield was associated with a high-yielding security acquired as part of the loan securitization transaction with Freddie Mac in May 2021.

Interest income from mortgage loans in process of securitization decreased $382,000 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. The average balance of mortgage loans in process of securitization decreased $11.7 million, or 3%, to $437.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $449.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and the average yield decreased 28 basis points to 2.60% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 2.88% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest income from interest-bearing deposits and other assets decreased $288,000 compared to September 30, 2020. The average balance of interest-earning deposits and other assets decreased $7.4 million, or 1%, to $580.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020, and the average yield decreased 19 basis points, to 0.27%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Interest Expense. Total interest expense decreased $2.5 million, or 23%, to $8.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared with the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest expense on deposits decreased $2.1 million, or 23%, to $7.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to significant decreases in average balances and rates of certificates of deposits.

Interest expenses for certificates of deposit decreased $2.9 million compared to September 30, 2020. The average balance of certificates of deposits of $591.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 decreased $998.8 million, or 63%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. The average yield of certificates of deposits was 0.66% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, which was a 30 basis point decrease compared to 0.96% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest expenses for money market deposits increased $533,000 compared to September 30, 2020. The average balance of money market deposits of $2.3 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2021 increased $680.8 million, or 43%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. The average yield of money market deposits was 0.77% for three months ended September 30, 2021, which was 20 basis points lower than the 0.97% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest expense on borrowings decreased 21%, to $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was due primarily to a $122.8 million decrease in average balances compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. Also contributing to the decrease was a 6 basis points decrease in the average cost of borrowings to 0.85% compared to 0.91% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Also included in borrowings, our warehouse structured financing agreement provides for an additional interest payment for a portion of the earnings generated. As a result, the cost of borrowings

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increased from a base rate of 0.33% and 0.40%, to an effective rate of 0.85% and 0.91% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, information about (i) average balances, the total dollar amount of interest income from interest-earning assets and the resultant average yields; (ii) average balances, the total dollar amount of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and the resultant average rates; (iii) net interest income; (iv) the interest rate spread; and (v) the net interest margin. Yields have been calculated on a pre-tax basis. Nonaccrual loans are included in loans and loans held for sale.


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021						2020
			Interest						Interest
	Average		Income/		Yield/		Average		Income/		Yield/
	Balance		Expense		Rate		Balance		Expense		Rate

	(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Interest-bearing deposits, and other	$	580,397	$	395	0.27	%	$	587,804	$	683	0.46	%
Securities available for sale - taxable		308,476		1,115	1.43	%		269,896		431	0.64	%
Securities available for sale - tax exempt		1,361		12	3.50	%		5,145		37	2.86	%
Mortgage loans in process of securitization		437,601		2,868	2.60	%		449,336		3,250	2.88	%
Loans and loans held for sale		8,689,144		72,924	3.33	%		7,923,726		71,857	3.61	%
Total interest-earning assets		10,016,979		77,314	3.06	%		9,235,907		76,258	3.28	%
Allowance for loan losses		(28,679)						(21,585)
Noninterest-earning assets		248,191						195,128
Total assets	$	10,236,491					$	9,409,450

Liabilities/Equity:
Interest-bearing checking	$	4,754,633	$	1,561	0.13	%	$	3,890,865	$	1,368	0.14	%
Savings deposits		211,494		39	0.07	%		180,931		34	0.07	%
Money market		2,259,786		4,394	0.77	%		1,578,956		3,861	0.97	%
Certificates of deposit		591,093		987	0.66	%		1,589,852		3,841	0.96	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		7,817,006		6,981	0.35	%		7,240,604		9,104	0.50	%
Borrowings		677,201		1,452	0.85	%		800,021		1,832	0.91	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		8,494,207		8,433	0.39	%		8,040,625		10,936	0.54	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits		586,981						579,145
Noninterest-bearing liabilities		67,628						57,147
Total liabilities		9,148,816						8,676,917
Equity		1,087,675						732,533
Total liabilities and equity	$	10,236,491					$	9,409,450
Net interest income			$	68,881					$	65,322
Interest rate spread					2.67	%					2.74	%
Net interest-earning assets	$	1,522,772					$	1,195,282
Net interest margin					2.73	%					2.81	%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities					117.93	%					114.87	%

Provision for Loan Losses. We recorded a provision for loan losses of $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, a decrease of $1.9 million, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020, as the significant loan growth of the prior year began to stabilize. The allowance for loan losses was $29.1 million, or 0.53% of loans receivable, at September 30, 2021, compared to $27.5 million, or 0.50% of loans receivable at December 31, 2020, and $23.4 million, or 0.48%, at September 30, 2020. The increases in the allowance for loan losses compared to both

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prior periods reflected increases associated with loan growth, changes in portfolio mix and uncertainties surrounding COVID-19. Additional details are provided in the Allowance for Loan Losses portion of the Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The Company continues to monitor the situation and may need to adjust future expectations as developments occur.

Noninterest Income. Noninterest income increased $1.6 million, or 4%, to $40.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $6.0 million increase in loan servicing fees for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Included in loan servicing fees was a $3.0 million positive adjustment to the fair value of servicing rights for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to a negative adjustment of $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Partially offsetting the increase in noninterest income was a $4.1 million, or 60%, decrease in mortgage warehouse fees that were $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $6.8 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in mortgage warehouse fees was due to a decline in loan volume, as interest rates increased and demand for refinancing activity decreased compared to the prior period.

A summary of the gain on sale of loans for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 is below:


		Gain on Sale of Loans
		Three Months Ended
		September 30,		September 30,
		2021		2020

		(in thousands)
Loan Type
Multi-family	$	24,309	$	14,872
Single-family		1,592		14,093
Small Business Association (SBA)		3,112		533
Total	$	29,013	$	29,498

Noninterest Expense. Noninterest expense increased $3.1 million, or 12%, to $29.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was due primarily to a $3.6 million, or 22% increase in salaries and employee benefits, including commissions, to support higher loan production volumes. The efficiency ratio was at 27.0% in the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared with 25.4% in the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense increased $486,000, or 2%, to $20.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was due primarily to a 5% increase in pretax income period to period. The effective tax rate was 25.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 26.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

General. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $171.9 million, an increase of $51.2 million, or 42%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $50.3 million increase, or 32%, in net interest income that reflected a 56% decrease in cost of deposits and a 12% increase in interest income from higher loan balances, as well as a $19.9 million increase in loan serving fees primarily related to a positive fair market value adjustment to servicing rights. Also contributing to the increase in net income was a $15.0 million, or 22% increase in gain on sale of loans.

Partially offsetting the increases to net income was a $17.7 million, or 42%, increase in salaries and employee benefits to support higher loan production volumes, as well as an increase of $18.0 million, or 43%, to provision for income taxes on 42% higher pre-tax net income.

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Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased $50.3 million, or 32%, to $205.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $1.7 billion increase in our average interest earning assets and a 31 basis point increase in our interest rate spread, to 2.76%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from 2.45% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Our net interest margin increased 26 basis points, to 2.82%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from 2.56% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in net interest margin reflected higher average loan balances and lower funding costs that outpaced the lower overall market interest rates on loans compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest Income. Interest income increased $24.4 million, or 12%, to $229.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This increase was primarily attributable to a $27.3 million increase in interest on loans, which was partially offset by a decrease of other interest-bearing assets and securities available for sale.

Interest income for loans and loans held for sale increased $27.3 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The average balance of loans, including loans held for sale, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased $1.7 billion, or 26%, to $8.3 billion from $6.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, reflecting significant increases in loan volume. The average yield on loans decreased 34 basis points, to 3.48%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 3.82% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due to lower overall interest rates in the economy period to period.

Interest income for interest-bearing deposits and other assets decreased by $2.5 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The average balance of interest-earning deposits and other assets decreased $118.6 million, or 15%, to $659.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $778.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and the average yield decreased 39 basis points, to 0.31%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 0.70% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest income for taxable available for sale securities decreased by $423,000 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The average balance of taxable available for sale securities increased $7.1 million, or 3%, to $287.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $280.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, while the average yield decreased 23 basis points to 1.07% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 1.30% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest Expense. Total interest expense decreased $25.9 million, or 52%, to $24.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest expense on total deposits decreased $25.4 million, or 56%, to $19.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was attributable to lower volume and rates of brokered certificates of deposits and lower volume of interest-bearing checking at lower rates.

Interest expenses for certificates of deposit decreased $18.8 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The average balance of certificates of deposits of $507.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 decreased $1.6 billion, or 76%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The average yield of certificates of deposits was 0.85% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which was a 55 basis point decrease compared to 1.40% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest expense for interest-bearing checking deposits decreased $6.5 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was attributable to 37 basis point decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing checking deposits, to 0.12% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from 0.49% for the same period in 2020. Offsetting the lower average cost was a $1.8 billion, or 63%, increase in the average balance of interest-bearing checking deposits, which reached $4.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

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Interest expense on borrowings decreased $552,000, or 11%, to $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was due primarily to a 34 basis point decrease in the average cost of borrowings to 0.86%, compared to 1.20% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The average balances for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 reflected an increase in borrowing from the FHLB, Federal Reserve discount window, PPPLF, and the AFX at much lower rates. Also included in borrowings, our warehouse structured financing agreement provides for an additional interest payment for a portion of the earnings generated. As a result, the cost of borrowings increased from a base rate of 0.42% and 0.52%, to an effective rate of 0.86% and 1.20% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021						2020
			Interest						Interest
	Average		Income/		Yield/		Average		Income/		Yield/
	Balance		Expense		Rate		Balance		Expense		Rate

	(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Interest-bearing deposits, and other	$	659,649	$	1,522	0.31	%	$	778,293	$	4,062	0.70	%
Securities available for sale - taxable		287,297		2,302	1.07	%		280,225		2,725	1.30	%
Securities available for sale - tax exempt		1,363		32	3.14	%		5,248		112	2.85	%
Mortgage loans in process of securitization		451,235		8,728	2.59	%		375,993		8,580	3.05	%
Loans and loans held for sale		8,325,848		216,717	3.48	%		6,628,883		189,400	3.82	%
Total interest-earning assets		9,725,392		229,301	3.15	%		8,068,642		204,879	3.39	%
Allowance for loan losses		(28,590)						(18,977)
Noninterest-earning assets		237,355						188,976
Total assets	$	9,934,157					$	8,238,641

Liabilities/Equity:

Interest-bearing checking	$	4,677,992	$	4,133	0.12	%	$	2,874,370	$	10,586	0.49	%
Savings deposits		203,262		114	0.07	%		173,570		120	0.09	%
Money market		2,174,964		12,307	0.76	%		1,375,667		12,400	1.20	%
Certificates of deposit		507,252		3,210	0.85	%		2,104,225		22,026	1.40	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		7,563,470		19,764	0.35	%		6,527,832		45,132	0.92	%
Borrowings		670,177		4,286	0.86	%		536,794		4,838	1.20	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		8,233,647		24,050	0.39	%		7,064,626		49,970	0.94	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits		638,995						396,124
Noninterest-bearing liabilities		70,048						79,820
Total liabilities		8,942,690						7,540,570
Equity		991,467						698,071
Total liabilities and equity	$	9,934,157					$	8,238,641
Net interest income			$	205,251					$	154,909
Interest rate spread					2.76	%					2.45	%
Net interest-earning assets	$	1,491,745					$	1,004,016
Net interest margin					2.82	%					2.56	%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities					118.12	%					114.21	%

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Provision for Loan Losses. We recorded a provision for loan losses of $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, a decrease of $5.3 million, over the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as the significant loan growth of the prior year began to stabilize. The allowance for loan losses was $29.1 million, or 0.53% of loans receivable, at September 30, 2021, compared to $27.5 million, or 0.50% of loans receivable at December 31, 2020, and $23.4 million, or 0.48%, at September 30, 2020. The increases in the allowance for loan losses compared to both prior periods reflected increases associated with loan growth and uncertainties surrounding COVID-19. Additional details are provided in the Allowance for Loan Losses portion of the Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The Company continues to monitor the situation and may need to adjust future expectations as developments occur.

Noninterest Income. Noninterest income increased $32.3 million, or 38%, to $117.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $19.9 million increase in loan servicing fees that reached $15.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 that included a $10.5 million positive adjustment to the fair value of servicing rights, compared to a negative adjustment of $8.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Also contributing to the increase in noninterest income was a $15.0 million, or 22%, increase in gain on sale of loans, to $82.8 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $67.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily from an increase in the volume of multi-family loans. Partially offsetting the increase in volume of multi-family was a decrease in volume of single-family loans.

A summary of the gain on sale of loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 is below:


		Gain on Sale of Loans
		Nine Months Ended
		September 30,		September 30,
		2021		2020

		(in thousands)
Loan Type
Multi-family	$	68,553	$	40,563
Single-family		7,677		26,225
Small Business Association (SBA)		6,525		960
Total	$	82,755	$	67,748

Noninterest Expense. Noninterest expense increased $18.8 million, or 27%, to $87.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was due primarily to a $17.7 million, or 42%, increase in salaries and employee benefits, including commissions, to support higher loan production volumes. The efficiency ratio was at 27.2% in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with 28.8% in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense increased $18.0 million, or 43%, to $60.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was due primarily to a 42% increase in pretax income period to period. The effective tax rate was 26.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 25.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Our Segments

We operate in three primary segments: Multi-family Mortgage Banking, Mortgage Warehousing, and Banking. We believe that Merchants Bank’s subsidiary, Merchants Capital Corp. (“MCC”), which operates in our Multi-Family Mortgage Banking segment, is one of the largest FHA lenders and GNMA servicers in the country based on aggregate

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loan principal value. As of September 30, 2021, MCC also had a $20.1 billion servicing portfolio for banks and investors, including $4.0 billion serviced for Merchants Bank. The servicing portfolio is primarily GNMA loans and is a significant source of our noninterest income and deposits.

Our Mortgage Warehousing segment funds agency eligible loans for non-depository financial institutions from the date of origination or purchase until the date of sale to an investor, which typically takes less than 30 days and is a significant source of our net interest income, loans, and deposits. Mortgage Warehousing has grown to fund over $20 billion of loan principal annually since 2015, exceeded $111 billion in 2020, and funded $58.1 billion through the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Mortgage Warehousing also provides commercial loans and collects deposits related to the mortgage escrow accounts of its customers.

The Banking segment includes retail banking, commercial lending, agricultural lending, retail and correspondent residential mortgage banking, and SBA lending. Banking operates primarily in Indiana and Illinois, except for correspondent mortgage banking which, like Multi-family Mortgage Banking and Mortgage Warehousing, is a national business. The Banking segment has a well-diversified customer and borrower base and has experienced significant growth over the past three years.

Our segments diversify the net income of Merchants Bank and provide synergies across the segments. The strategic opportunities include that MCC loans are funded by the Banking segment and the Banking segment provides GNMA custodial services to MCC. The securities available for sale funded by MCC custodial deposits, as well as loans generated by Merchants Bank, are pledged to the FHLB to provide advance capacity during periods of high residential loan volume for Mortgage Warehousing. Mortgage Warehousing provides leads to correspondent residential lending in the banking segment. Retail and commercial customers provide cross selling opportunities within the banking segment. These and other synergies form a part of our strategic plan.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we had total net income of $58.5 million and $55.0 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we had total net income of $171.9 million and $120.7 million, respectively. Net income for our three segments for the respective periods was as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020

	(In thousands)
Multi-family Mortgage Banking	$	14,448	$	5,891	$	37,380	$	14,941
Mortgage Warehousing		23,217		33,793		73,848		73,942
Banking		23,463		17,486		68,229		37,248
Other		(2,625)		(2,168)		(7,554)		(5,384)

Total	$	58,503	$	55,002	$	171,903	$	120,747

Multi-family Mortgage Banking.

Comparison of results for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

The Multi-family Mortgage Banking segment reported net income of $14.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of $8.6 million, or 145%, from the $5.9 million net income reported for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The growth was primarily due to a $14.6 million increase in noninterest income from gain on sale of loans. Noninterest income also included a $0.7 million positive fair value adjustment to servicing rights for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with a $0.7 million negative adjustment for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

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Partially offsetting the increase in noninterest income was a $3.6 million increase in noninterest expenses, primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits, including commissions, to support higher loan production volumes, in addition to a $2.4 million increase in the provision for income taxes associated with higher pre-tax income compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020.

The volume of loans originated and acquired for sale in the secondary market increased by $92.7 million, or 20%, to $564.8 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $472.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Comparison of results for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

The Multi-family Mortgage Banking segment reported net income of $37.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of $22.4 million, or 150%, from the $14.9 million of net income reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The growth was primarily due to a $46.7 million increase in noninterest income from a $31.9 million increase in gain on sale of loans, and a $13.0 million increase in loan servicing fees.

The nine months ended September 30, 2021 included a $2.9 million positive fair value adjustment to servicing rights in noninterest income, compared with a $8.0 million negative adjustment for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Partially offsetting the increase in noninterest income was a $15.9 million increase in noninterest expenses, primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits, including commissions, to support higher loan production volumes, in addition to a $8.1 million increase in the provision for income taxes associated with significantly higher pre-tax income compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The volume of loans originated and acquired for sale in the secondary market increased by $475.6 million, or 32%, to $1.9 billion, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Mortgage Warehousing.

Comparison of results for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

The Mortgage Warehousing segment reported net income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 of $23.2 million, a decrease of $10.6 million, or 31%, over the $33.8 million reported for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The lower net income was primarily due to a $10.7 million, decrease in net interest income after provision for loan losses, reflecting lower interest income from lower industry volumes. The volume of loans funded during the three months ended September 30, 2021 amounted to $19.7 billion, a decrease of $15.5 billion, or 44%, compared to the same period in 2020. This compared to the 21% industry decrease in single-family residential loan volumes from the three months ended September 30, 2021 to the three months ended September 30, 2020, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. Also contributing to the decrease in net income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the prior year’s period was a $4.1 million decrease in noninterest income, reflecting lower mortgage warehouse fees.

Comparison of results for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

The Mortgage Warehousing segment reported net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 of $73.8 million, a slight decrease of $0.1 million, over the $73.9 million reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The slight decrease was primarily due to lower loan volume and warehouse fees. The volume of loans funded during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 amounted to $58.1 billion, a decrease of $22.4 billion, or 28%, compared to the same period in 2020. This compared to the 11% industry increase in single-family residential loan volumes from the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association.

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Banking.

Comparison of results for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

The Banking segment reported net income of $23.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of $6.0 million, or 34%, over the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to an $15.8 million increase in net interest income after provision for loan losses, associated with higher loan volume. Partially offsetting the increase in net interest income after provision for loan losses was a $8.6 million decrease in noninterest income from lower gains on sale of loans. Also partially offsetting the increase in net interest income after provision for loan losses was a $2.1 million increase in the provision for income tax associated with a 34% increase in pre-tax income.

The three months ended September 30, 2021 included a positive fair market value adjustment of $2.3 million on single-family servicing rights, compared to a negative fair market value adjustment of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Comparison of results for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

The Banking segment reported net income of $68.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of $31.0 million, or 83%, over the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $51.8 million increase in net interest income after provision for loan losses, associated with higher loan volume and a $8.1 million increase in loan servicing fees. Partially offsetting these increases was a $16.9 million decrease in gain on sale of loans and a $10.7 million increase in the provision for income taxes associated with a 84% higher pre-tax income.

The nine months ended September 30, 2021 included a positive fair market value adjustment of $7.6 million on single-family servicing rights, compared to a positive fair market value adjustment of $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity.

Our primary sources of funds are business and consumer deposits, escrow and custodial deposits, brokered deposits, borrowings, principal and interest payments on loans, and proceeds from sale of loans. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by market interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash, short-term investments, including interest-bearing demand deposits, mortgage loans in process of securitization, and loans held for sale. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending, and investing activities during any given period.

Our cash flows are comprised of three primary classifications: cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Net cash (used in) operating activities was $(387.8) million and $(1.2) billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net cash (used in) investing activities, which consists primarily of net change in loans receivable and purchases, sales and maturities of investment securities, was $(113.9) million and $(1.9) billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities, which is comprised primarily of net change in deposits, borrowings and preferred stock offerings, was $1.1 billion and $3.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

At September 30, 2021, cash balances of $802.6 million at September 30, 2021 increased by $400.5 million compared to June 30, 2021 and increased by $622.8 million compared to December 31, 2021. The Company also continues to have significant borrowing capacity, with $2.1 billion in unused lines of credit based on available collateral from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve discount window at September 30, 2021. This compared to $3.3 billion at June 30, 2021 and $2.6 billion at December 31, 2020. Our borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank of

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Indianapolis was reduced during the three months ended September 30, 2021 after a change in their collateral policy to eliminate certain agency eligible mortgage loan participations.

At September 30, 2021, we had $1.7 billion in outstanding commitments to extend credit that are subject to credit risk and $4.5 billion outstanding commitments subject to certain performance criteria and cancellation by the Company, including loans pending closing, unfunded construction draws, and unfunded lines of warehouse credit. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds available to meet our current loan origination commitments.

Within our role as a multi-family mortgage servicer for other banks and investors, we may be obligated to remit principal and interest payments to investors on certain loans regardless of the borrower’s ability to make payments, which could become more likely as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. If there are situations where a borrower is granted a forbearance, the Company believes it has sufficient liquidity to cover these required advances. We have not received any requests for forbearance in our multi-family portfolio that is serviced for others as of September 30, 2021 but remain confident in our ability to fund potential advances we may be required to make as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Certificates of deposit that are scheduled to mature in less than one year from September 30, 2021 totaled $1.1 billion. Management expects that a substantial portion of the maturing certificates of deposit will be renewed. However, if a substantial portion of these deposits is not retained, we may decide to utilize FHLB advances, the Federal Reserve discount window, brokered deposits, or raise interest rates on deposits to attract new accounts, which may result in higher levels of interest expense.

While the amounts available fluctuate daily, we also had an additional $100.0 million of borrowing capacity through our membership in the AFX as of September 30, 2021. This liquidity enhances the ability to effectively manage interest expense and asset levels in the future. The Company began utilizing the PPPLF and the Federal Reserve discount window during 2020, and AFX during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Capital Resources.

The access to and cost of funding new business initiatives, the ability to engage in expanded business activities, the ability to pay dividends, the level of deposit insurance costs and the level and nature of regulatory oversight depend, in part, on our capital position. The Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC on December 30, 2019, which was declared effective on January 9, 2020, under which we can issue up to $300 million aggregate offering amount of registered securities to finance our growth objectives.

The assessment of capital adequacy depends on a number of factors, including asset quality, liquidity, earnings performance, changing competitive conditions and economic forces. We seek to maintain a strong capital base to support our growth and expansion activities, to provide stability to our current operations and to promote public confidence in our Company.

Shareholders’ Equity. Shareholders’ equity was $1.1 billion as of September 30, 2021, compared to $810.6 million as of December 31, 2020. The $299.3 million increase resulted primarily from the 6% Series C preferred stock offerings that raised $191.1 million in new capital, net of $5.1 million in offering costs.

7% Preferred Stock. In March 2019 the Company issued 2,000,000 shares of 7.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value, and with a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share (“Series A Preferred Stock”). The Company received net proceeds of $48.3 million after underwriting discounts, commissions and direct offering expenses. In April 2019, the Company issued an additional 81,800 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to the underwriters related to their exercise of an option to purchase additional shares under the associated underwriting agreement, resulting in an addition $2.0 million in net proceeds, after underwriting discounts.

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In June 2019 the Company issued an additional 874,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock for net proceeds of $21.85 million.

In September 2019 the Company repurchased and subsequently retired 874,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock at an aggregate cost of $21.85 million. There were no brokerage fees in connection with the transaction.

Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, are payable quarterly at an annual rate of $1.75 per share through March 31, 2024. After such date, quarterly dividends will accrue and be payable at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 460.5 basis points per year. In the event that three-month LIBOR is less than zero, three-month LIBOR shall be deemed to be zero. The Company may redeem the Series A Preferred Stock at its option, subject to regulatory approval, on or after April 1, 2024, as described in the prospectus supplement relating to the offering filed with the SEC on March 22, 2019.

6% Series B Preferred Stock. In August 2019 the Company issued 5,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40^th interest in a share of its 6.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series B Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value, and with a liquidation preference of $1,000.00 per share (equivalent to $25.00 per depositary share)(“Series B Preferred Stock”). After deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and direct offering expenses, the Company received total net proceeds of $120.8 million.

Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, are payable quarterly at an annual rate of $60.00 per depositary share (equivalent to $1.50 per depositary share) through September 30, 2024. After such date, quarterly dividends will accrue and be payable at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 456.9 basis points per year. In the event that three-month LIBOR is less than zero, three-month LIBOR shall be deemed to be zero. The Company may redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at its option, subject to regulatory approval, on or after October 1, 2024, as described in the prospectus supplement relating to the offering filed with the SEC on August 13, 2019.

8% Preferred Stock. The Company previously issued a total of 41,625 shares of 8% Non-Cumulative, Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value, with a liquidation preference of $1,000.00 per share (“8% Preferred Stock”) in private placement offerings.

Dividends on the 8% Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, are payable quarterly at an annual rate of $80.00 per share. As of December 31, 2020, the 8% Preferred Stock became redeemable by the Company at any time, subject to regulatory approval and upon at least 30 days’ prior notice to the holders thereof.

On April 15, 2021, all 41,625 shares of the 8% Preferred Stock were redeemed for $41.6 million, plus unpaid dividends of $139,000.

6% Series C Preferred Stock. On March 23, 2021, the Company issued 6,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40^th interest in a share of its 6.00% Fixed Rate Series C Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, without par value (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), and with a liquidation preference of $1,000.00 per share (equivalent to $25.00 per depositary share). The aggregate gross offering proceeds for the shares issued by the Company was $150.0 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $5.1 million paid to third parties, the Company received total net proceeds of $144.9 million.

On May 6, 2021, our 8% Preferred Stock shareholders participated in a private offering to replace their redeemed 8% Preferred shares with Series C Preferred Stock. Accordingly, 46,181 shares (1,847,233 depositary shares) of Series C Preferred Stock were issued at a price of $25 per depositary share. The total capital raised from the private offering was $46.2 million, net of $23,000 in expenses.

Dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock, to the extent declared by the Company’s board, are payable quarterly. The Company may redeem the Series C Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at our option, on any dividend payment date

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on or after April 1, 2026, subject to the approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, at the liquidation preference, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends) to, but excluding, the date of redemption.

Common Shares/Dividends. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had 28,785,374 common shares issued and outstanding. The Board has declared a quarterly dividend of $0.09 per share in each quarter of 2021.

Capital Adequacy.

The following tables present the Company’s capital ratios at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:



					Minimum Amount
					To Be Well
	Actual				Capitalized⁽¹⁾
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2021
CBLR (Tier 1) capital⁽¹⁾ (to average assets)
(i.e., CBLR - leverage ratio)
Company	$	1,090,870	10.7	%	$	866,269	> 8.5	%
Merchants Bank		1,052,260	10.6	%		840,748	> 8.5	%
FMBI		27,714	9.6	%		24,538	> 8.5	%

(1)

As defined by regulatory agencies.




					Minimum Amount
					To Be Well
	Actual				Capitalized⁽¹⁾
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
CBLR (Tier 1) capital⁽¹⁾ (to average assets)
(i.e., CBLR - leverage ratio)
Company	$	792,456	8.6	%	$	738,019	> 8	%
Merchants Bank		781,221	8.7	%		718,120	> 8	%
FMBI		24,456	9.8	%		19,979	> 8	%

(1)

As defined by regulatory agencies.

On November 13, 2019, the federal regulators finalized and adopted a regulatory capital rule establishing a new CBLR, which became effective on January 1, 2020. The intent of CBLR is to provide a simple alternative measure of capital adequacy for electing qualifying depository institutions and depository institution holding companies, as directed under the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act. Under CBLR, if a qualifying depository institution or depository institution holding company elects to use such measure, such institution or holding company will be considered well capitalized if its ratio of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets (i.e., leverage ratio) exceeds a 9% threshold, subject to a limited two quarter grace period, during which the leverage ratio cannot go 100 basis points below the then applicable threshold, and will not be required to calculate and report risk-based capital ratios. Eligibility criteria to utilize CBLR includes the following:

●

Total assets of less than $10 billion,

●

Total trading assets plus liabilities of 5% or less of consolidated assets,

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●

Total off-balance sheet exposures of 25% or less of consolidated assets,

●

Cannot be an advanced approaches banking organization, and

●

Leverage ratio greater than 9%, or temporarily prescribed threshold established in response to COVID-19.

On December 2, 2020 the FDIC issued an interim final rule related to COVID-19 as it pertains to eligibility to utilize CBLR. The rule allows organizations with less than $10 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2019, to use the assets on that date to determine the applicability of various regulatory asset thresholds during 2020 and 2021. Although our assets exceeded $10 billion at September 30, 2021, the earliest we would have to comply with the risk-based capital rules would be September 30, 2022. If total assets exceed $10 billion after the dates provided in the interim rule, the Company is prepared to address the additional regulatory requirements and does not expect it to have significant financial implications.

Failure to exceed the leverage ratio threshold required under CBLR in the future, subject to any applicable grace period, would require the Company, Merchants Bank, and/or FMBI to return to the risk-based capital ratio thresholds previously utilized under the fully phased-in Basel III Capital Rules to determine capital adequacy.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk. Market risk represents the risk of loss due to changes in market values of assets and liabilities. We incur market risk in the normal course of business through exposures to market interest rates, equity prices, and credit spreads. We have identified two primary sources of market risk: interest rate risk and price risk related to market demand.

Interest Rate Risk

Our Asset-Liability Committee, or ALCO, is a management committee that manages our interest rate risk within broad policy limits established by our board of directors. In general, we seek to minimize the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income and the economic values of assets and liabilities. Our ALCO meets quarterly to monitor the level of interest rate risk sensitivity to ensure compliance with the board of directors’ approved risk limits.

Income Simulation and Economic Value Analysis. Interest rate risk measurement is calculated and reported to the ALCO at least quarterly. The information reported includes period-end results and identifies any policy limits exceeded, along with an assessment of the policy limit breach and the action plan and timeline for resolution, mitigation, or assumption of the risk.

We use two approaches to model interest rate risk: Net Interest Income at Risk (NII at Risk) and Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”). Under NII at Risk, net interest income is modeled utilizing various assumptions for assets, liabilities, and derivatives. EVE measures the period end market value of assets minus the market value of liabilities and the change in this value as rates change. EVE is a period end measurement.

We report NII at Risk to isolate the change in income related solely to interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The NII at Risk results reflect the analysis used quarterly by management. It models gradual -200, -100, +100

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and +200 basis point parallel shifts in market interest rates, implied by the forward yield curve over the next one-year period.

The following table presents NII at Risk for Merchants Bank as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.


	Net Interest Income Sensitivity
	Twelve Months Forward
	- 200			- 100			+ 100			+ 200

	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2021:
Dollar change	$	(20,688)		$	(23,781)		$	25,572		$	69,553
Percent change		(7.5)	%		(8.6)	%		9.2	%		25.1	%

December 31, 2020:
Dollar change	$	(11,899)		$	(10,651)		$	21,027		$	50,305
Percent change		(4.5)	%		(4.0)	%		8.0	%		19.1	%

Our interest rate risk management policy limits the change in our net interest income to 20% for a +/- 100 basis point move in interest rates, and 30% for a +/- 200 basis point move in rates. At September 30, 2021 we estimated that we are within policy limits set by our board of directors for the -200, -100, +100, and +200 basis point scenarios.

The EVE results for Merchants Bank included in the following table reflect the analysis used quarterly by management. It models immediate -200, -100, +100 and +200 basis point parallel shifts in market interest rates.


	Economic Value of Equity
	Sensitivity (Shock)
	Immediate Change in Rates
	- 200			- 100			+ 100			+ 200

	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2021:
Dollar change	$	2,133		$	39,365		$	(7,685)		$	(7,873)
Percent change		0.2	%		3.8	%		(0.7)	%		(0.8)	%

December 31, 2020:
Dollar change	$	100,236		$	113,045		$	(20,958)		$	(27,259)
Percent change		12.8	%		14.4	%		(2.7)	%		(3.5)	%

Our interest rate risk management policy limits the change in our EVE to 15% for a +/- 100 basis point move in interest rates, and 20% for a +/- 200 basis point move in rates. We are within policy limits set by our board of directors for the -200, -100, +100 and +200 basis point scenarios. The EVE reported at September 30, 2021 projects that as interest rates increase (decrease) immediately, the economic value of equity position will be expected to decrease (increase). When interest rates rise, fixed rate assets generally lose economic value; the longer the duration, the greater the value lost. The opposite is true when interest rates fall.

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ITEM 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The information required under this item is included as part of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q under the headings “Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Interest Rate Risk.”

ITEM 4 Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2021, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

(b) Changes in internal control.

There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II

Other Information

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

None.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. Other Information

None.

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ITEM 6. Exhibits


Exhibit
Number		Description

3.1		First Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Merchants Bancorp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the registration statement on Form S-1, filed on September 25, 2018).

3.2		Articles of Amendment to the First Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation dated March 27, 2019 designating the 7.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the registration statement on Form 8-A filed on March 28, 2019).

3.3		Articles of Amendment to the First Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation dated August 19, 2019 designating the 6.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series B Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the registration statement on Form 8-A filed on August 19, 2019).

3.4		Articles of Amendment to the First Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation dated March 23, 2021 designating the 6.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series C Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the registration statement on Form 8-A filed on March 23, 2021).

3.5		Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of Merchants Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 20, 2018).

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32		Written Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File – The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


			Merchants Bancorp

Date:	November 8, 2021	By:	/s/ Michael F. Petrie
			Michael F. Petrie
			Chairman & Chief Executive Officer



Date:	November 8, 2021	By:	/s/ John F. Macke
			John F. Macke Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial & Accounting Officer)