Enhanced Investments - Financial Portal

Published: 2023-02-24 17:24:13 ET

ostk-20221231

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)


ý			ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022


			Or
o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 000-49799

OVERSTOCK.COM, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		87-0634302
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
799 West Coliseum Way
Midvale,	Utah	84047
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)

(801) 947-3100

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	OSTK	NASDAQ Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	o
		Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ý

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No ý

The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second quarter (June 30, 2022), was approximately $1.1 billion based upon the last sales price reported by Nasdaq. For purposes of this disclosure, shares of Common Stock held by directors and certain officers and by others who may be deemed to be affiliates of the registrant have been excluded. The exclusion of such shares is not intended to, and shall not, constitute a determination as to which persons or entities may be affiliates as that term is defined in the federal securities laws.

There were 45,033,198 shares of the Registrant's common stock, par value $0.0001, outstanding on February 17, 2023.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain information required by Part III of Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to the Registrant's proxy statement for the 2023 Annual Stockholders Meeting, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this Report relates.

Explanatory Note

Overstock.com, Inc. and our majority-owned subsidiaries ("the Company") holds a minority equity interest in tZERO Group, Inc. ("tZERO") which is accounted for under the equity method under ASC Topic 323, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures as we can exercise significant influence, but not control, over tZERO through holding more than a 20% voting interest. In accordance with Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X ("Rule 3-09"), we must determine if any of our equity method securities is a "significant subsidiary" under prescribed tests. tZERO did not meet the significant subsidiary test for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 but met the significant subsidiary test for the year ended December 31, 2022. Accordingly, pursuant to Rule 3-09, we are required to provide in this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Form 10-K") the audited financial statements for tZERO for the period ended December 31, 2022. We have requested the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 from tZERO; however, the audited financial statements are not currently available to us. We rely upon tZERO for their audited financial statements and they are not reasonably available to us since they rest peculiarly within the knowledge of tZERO, which we do not control. Therefore, in reliance on Rule 12b-21 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, we are omitting the audited consolidated financial statements of tZERO for the year ended December 31, 2022. In response to our request, however, tZERO has provided us with the audited financial statements for tZERO for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 and unaudited limited financial information for year ended December 31, 2022. As a result, we have included in this Form 10-K the separate audited financial statements of tZERO for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, which are filed herewith as Exhibit 99.3, and have also provided summarized financial information for the period ended December 31, 2022 in Note 8—Equity Securities in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" included in Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K aggregated with our other significant subsidiaries required by Rule 4-08(g). As a result of including such financial information for tZERO, we do not believe that the omission of the tZERO audited financial statements for year ended December 31, 2022 will have a material impact on a reader’s understanding of our financial condition or our results of operations. We plan to file the audited financial statements for tZERO for the year ended December 31, 2022, once we have them, with an amendment to this Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


	Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	4

	Part I
Item 1.	Business	6
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	13
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	23
Item 2.	Properties	23
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	23
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	23

	Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	24
Item 6.	Reserved	27
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	37
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	77
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	77
Item 9B.	Other Information	80
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	80

	Part III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	81
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	81
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	81
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	81
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	81

	Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	82
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	86

Signatures		87

O, Overstock.com, O.com, and Club O are registered trademarks of Overstock.com, Inc. Overstock and Making Dream Homes Come True are trademarks of Overstock.com, Inc. Other service marks, trademarks and trade names which may be referred to herein are the property of their respective owners.

SPECIAL CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated herein by reference, and our other public documents and statements our officers and representatives may make from time to time, contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements are therefore entitled to the protection of the safe harbor provisions of these laws. You can find many of these statements by looking for words such as "may," "would," "could," "should," "will," "expect," "anticipate," "predict," "project," "potential," "continue," "contemplate," "seek," "assume," "believe," "intend," "plan," "forecast," "goal," "estimate," or other similar expressions which identify these forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry and business, and on management's beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, you are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to assumptions, risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict, and that actual results and outcomes may be materially different from the results or outcomes expressed or implied by any of our forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including among others:

•any difficulties we may encounter as a result of our reliance on third-parties that we do not control for the performance of critical functions material to our business, such as carriers, fulfillment partners, and SaaS/IaaS providers;

•any inability to compete successfully against existing or future competitors or to effectively market our business and generate customer traffic;

•a recession, other economic downturns, inflation, rising interest rates, our increasing exposure to the U.S. housing industry, or other changes in U.S. and global economic conditions or U.S. consumer spending;

•any increases in the price of importing into the U.S. or transporting to our customers the types of merchandise we sell or other supply chain challenges that limit our ability to deliver merchandise to our customers in a timely manner;

•any inability to attract and/or retain key personnel;

•any inability to generate and maintain unpaid natural traffic to our Website;

•any inability to maintain profitability and/or positive cash flow from operations;

•any negative impact from our workforce working on a remote, in-office, or hybrid schedule;

•any challenges that would result in the event of any loss of functionality or unavailability of our Website or reduced performance of our transaction systems;

•our exposure to cyber security risks, risks of data loss and other security breaches;

•the risk that the amount of deferred tax assets we consider realizable could be reduced if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced;

•the risk that we may be required to recognize losses relating to our equity method investments;

•the impacts that we would experience if governmental entities or providers of consumer devices and internet browsers further restrict or regulate the use of "cookie" tracking technologies;

•the impact that any litigation, claims, or regulatory matters could have on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows;

•any inability to optimize and operate our distribution center, warehouse, and customer service operations;

•negative global economic consequences of global conflict, including the ongoing tensions between the United States and Russia, the United States and China, and other effects of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine;

•the possibility that we are unable to protect our proprietary technology and to obtain trademark protection for our marks;

•current and future claims of intellectual property infringement to which we are subject;

•any difficulties we may encounter as a result of our reliance on third-parties that we do not control for their representations regarding product compliance with various laws and regulations;

•any difficulties we may encounter as a result of our evolving business practices, including our exit from non-home categories and our continuing expansion into international markets;

•any inability of Pelion Venture Partners to successfully manage the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund or tZERO, in which we are the limited partner and have a direct minority interest, respectively; and

•the other risks described in this report or in our other public filings.

In evaluating all forward-looking statements, you should specifically consider the risks outlined above and in this Report, especially under the headings "Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," "Risk Factors," "Legal Proceedings," and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." These factors may cause our actual results and outcomes to differ materially from those contemplated by any forward-looking statement. Although we believe that our expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee or offer any assurance of future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements or other future events. Our forward-looking statements contained in this report speak only as of the date of this report and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this report or any changes in our expectations or any change in any events, conditions or circumstances on which any of our forward-looking statements are based.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

The following description of our business contains forward-looking statements relating to future events or our future financial or operating performance that involve risks and uncertainties, as set forth above under "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including those set forth above in the Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements or in Section 1A under the heading "Risk Factors" or elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Introduction

Through our online business, we offer a broad range of price-competitive products, including furniture, décor, area rugs, bedding and bath, home improvement, outdoor, and kitchen and dining items, among others. We sell our products and services through our Internet websites located at www.overstock.com, www.o.co, www.overstock.ca, and www.overstockgovernment.com (referred to collectively as the "Website") and through our mobile app. Although our four websites are located at different domain addresses, the technology and equipment and processes supporting the Website and the process of order fulfillment described herein are the same for all four websites.

Our company, based near Salt Lake City, Utah, was founded as a Utah limited liability company ("LLC") in 1997, reorganized as a C corporation in the State of Utah in 1998, and reincorporated in Delaware in 2002. We launched our initial website in March 1999. As used herein, "Overstock", "Overstock.com", "the Company", "we", "our" and similar terms include Overstock.com, Inc. and our majority-owned subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

Our Business

Our goal is to provide furniture and home furnishings to assist consumers in "Making Dream Homes Come True", particularly for our target customers—consumers who seek smart value on quality, stylish furniture and home furnishings at competitive prices, and who want an easy shopping experience. We believe that the furniture and home furnishings market, which is highly fragmented and has traditionally been served by brick and mortar stores, will continue transitioning to online sales as consumers become increasingly comfortable shopping online for goods in this product category. We compete primarily based on:

•Simple and easy customer experience with an emphasis on price, value, and quality with a wide assortment of products delivered in a personalized format with the convenience of our mobile app, and supported by our customer care team;

•Proprietary technologies and strategic technical relationships which we believe help us provide our customers with an intuitive shopping experience;

•Logistics capabilities tailored to the furniture and home furnishings category and developed over our many years of e-commerce experience;

•Long-term mutually beneficial relationships with third-party manufacturers, distributors and other suppliers (referred to collectively as our "partners"), which numbered approximately 2,600 as of December 31, 2022; and

•Our Club O Loyalty Program, which we believe increases customer engagement and retention.

We continue to increase the millions of items we offer by expanding the breadth and depth of our product assortment to meet the current and evolving trends and preferences of our customers. Nearly all our retail sales through our Website and mobile apps were from transactions in which we fulfilled orders through our network of partners. Our use of the term "partner" does not mean that we have formed any legal partnerships with any of our retail partners. We provide our partners with access to a large customer base and convenient services for marketing, order fulfillment, customer service, returns handling, and other services. Our supply chain allows us to ship directly to our customers from our partners or from our warehouses. Our warehouses primarily fulfill orders from sales of our partners' owned inventory, including some customer returns of partner products.

During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 our sales were almost entirely to customers located in the United States and no single customer accounted for more than 1% of our total net revenue.

Additional Offerings

We offer additional products or services that may complement our primary retail offerings but are not significant to our revenues, including:

•Businesses advertising products or services on our Website;

•Marketplace, a service we provide to our partners where they can sell their products through third party sites;

•International sales through third party logistics providers to certain customers outside the United States; and

•Supplier Oasis, a single integration point through which our partners can manage their products, inventory and sales channels, and obtain multi-channel fulfillment services through our distribution network.

Manufacturer, Distributor, and Supplier Relationships

To the extent possible we maintain manufacturer, distributor, and supplier relationships, seek new manufacturer, distributor, and supplier relationships, and use our working capital, to ensure a continuous assortment of product offerings for our customers. Generally, our manufacturers, distributors, or suppliers regularly communicate to us the quantity of products that are held in reserve for us, but our arrangements with them generally do not guarantee the availability of those products for a set duration. Our manufacturer, distributor, and supplier relationships are based on historical experience and are generally non-exclusive, and we retain the right to select and change our suppliers at our discretion. Generally, manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers do not control the terms under which products are sold through our Website.

Sales and Marketing

We use a variety of methods to target our retail consumer audience, including direct mail and online campaigns, such as advertising through search engine marketing, display ads, affiliate marketing, e-mail, and social media campaigns. We also do brand advertising through television, video ads, streaming video and audio, social media, and event sponsorships.

Customer Service

We are committed to providing superior customer service through our app, Website, and customer service department. We staff our customer service department with dedicated in-house and outsourced professionals who respond to phone, SMS, instant online chat, and e-mail inquiries on products, ordering, shipping status, returns, and other areas of customer inquiry. We also have certain partners who handle their own customer service requests, and we hold them to the same high standards as our in-house services.

Technology

We use our internally developed Website and a combination of proprietary technologies, open source technologies, and commercially available licensed technologies and solutions to support our operations. We use the services of multiple telecommunications companies to obtain connectivity to the Internet. Currently, our primary computer infrastructure is in a data center in Utah. We also have other data centers and public cloud providers which we use for backups, redundancy, development, testing, disaster recovery, and corporate systems infrastructure.

Competition

E-commerce is intensely competitive and has relatively low barriers to entry. We believe that competition in this industry is based predominantly on:

•price;

•product quality and assortment;

•shopping convenience and product findability;

•website organization and experience;

•order processing and fulfillment;

•order delivery time and accuracy;

•customer service;

•website functionality on mobile devices;

•brand recognition; and

•brand reputation.

We compete with other online pure play, brick-and-mortar, and omni-channel retailers which may specifically adopt our methods and target our customers. We currently or potentially compete with a variety of companies that specialize in several broad categories, including discount general retailers, private sales, specialty retailers, and liquidators.

Our current and potential e-commerce competitors include entities that may have greater brand recognition, longer operating histories, larger customer bases, and significantly greater financial, marketing, and other resources than we do. Further, any of them may enter into strategic or commercial relationships with larger, more established and well-financed companies, including exclusive distribution arrangements with our vendors or service suppliers that could deny us access to key products or needed services, or acquisitions of our suppliers or service providers, having the same effect. Many of them do or could devote greater resources to marketing and promotional campaigns and devote substantially more resources to their websites and systems development than we do. Many have supply chain operations that decrease product shipping times to their customers, have options for in-store product pick-up, allow in-store returns, or offer other delivery and returns options that we do not have. New technologies, the continued enhancement of existing technologies, developments in related areas such as same-day product deliveries, and the development of proprietary delivery systems increase competitive pressures on us.

Intellectual Property and Trade Secrets

We regard our domain names and other intellectual property as critical to our success. We rely on a combination of laws and contractual restrictions with our employees, customers, suppliers, affiliates, and others to establish and protect our proprietary rights, including the law pertaining to trade secrets.

Government Regulation and Legal Matters

We are subject to a wide variety of laws, rules, mandates, and regulations, some of which apply or may apply to us as a result of our business, and others of which apply to us for other reasons, such as our status as a publicly held company or the places in which we sell certain types or amounts of products. Our business is subject to general business regulations and laws, and regulations and laws specifically governing the internet, e-commerce, and other services we offer. Existing and future laws and regulations may result in increasing expense and may impede our growth. Applicable and potentially applicable regulations and laws include regulations and laws regarding taxation, privacy, data protection, pricing, content, copyrights, distribution, mobile communications, electronic device certification, electronic waste, energy consumption, environmental regulation, electronic contracts and other communications, competition, consumer protection, employment, import and export matters, information reporting requirements, access to our services and facilities, the design and operation of websites, health, safety, and sanitation standards, the characteristics and quality of products and services, product labeling and unfair and deceptive trade practices.

Our business outside of the U.S. exposes us to foreign and additional U.S. laws and regulations, including but not limited to, laws and regulations relating to taxation, business licensing or certification requirements, advertising practices, online services, the use of cryptocurrency, the importation of specified or proscribed items, importation quotas, consumer protection, intellectual property rights, consumer and data protection, privacy, encryption, restrictions on pricing or discounts, and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other applicable U.S. and foreign laws prohibiting corrupt payments to government officials and other third parties.

From time to time, we receive claims and become subject to regulatory investigations or other governmental actions, consumer protection, employment, intellectual property, and other commercial litigation related to the conduct of our business. We periodically prosecute lawsuits to enforce our legal rights. These matters and other types of claims could result in legal expenses, fines, adverse judgments or settlements and increase the cost of doing business. They could also require us to change our business practices in expensive and significant ways. In addition, litigation could result in legal outcomes or interpretations of the law that may limit our current or future business, require us to change our business practices, or increase our costs or otherwise adversely impact our business.

For further information, see (Item 1A—"Risk Factors") and the information set forth under Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 12—Commitments and Contingencies, Legal proceedings and contingencies, contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Human Capital Management

On December 31, 2022, we had approximately 1,050 full-time employees. We have never had a work stoppage and none of our employees are represented by a labor union. We consider our employee relations to be good. Competition for qualified personnel in our industry is high, particularly for software engineers and other technical staff. Overstock places great value on its human capital management and knows its people are critical to driving the business to success. We focus on our human capital management in many ways including:

Diversity & Inclusion

We embrace diversity and collaboration in our workforce, our ways of thinking, and our decision-making. We know that fostering an inclusive culture delivers better business outcomes. Our commitments to improving diversity include 1) increasing the diversity of our team at all levels, 2) continuing real and meaningful gender and race dialogue within our Company, 3) amplifying the voices of our underrepresented groups of employees, 4) fostering inclusion and safety within our workforce, 5) continuing to condemn all forms of gender and racial discrimination and harassment, 6) encouraging our employees to vote by expanding our paid time off program, and 7) tracking and monitoring our progress. Among the many ways we demonstrate these commitments are through our hiring and development practices, flexible and working-parent-friendly programs, anti-discrimination policies, and efforts of our employee resource groups.

Through our commitments, actions, words, investments, and values, we promote a work environment that enables employees to feel safe to express their ideas and perspectives and feel they belong within our team.

Workforce Compensation & Pay Equity

The total rewards philosophy of Overstock is to create and maintain competitive programs that attract, motivate, develop, and retain employees based on the prevailing industry and geographic labor markets where the Company does business. Our competitive compensation programs consist of cash and non-cash compensation based on relevant pay factors designed to balance market competitiveness and cost containment to retain the human capital that enables the Company to achieve business performance goals and objectives. We designed our total rewards to link the market competitiveness of an employee's compensation with overall Company performance, aligning employees' financial interests with the interests of the Company.

Elements of our compensation package for all non-executive employees consists of base salary or wages, short-term bonus incentives to reward the achievement of behavioral goals and business objectives, and for eligible key contributors, long-term equity incentives.

We monitor changes in the value of each employee's job annually and adjust base pay and short-term incentives based on a combination of employee performance to pre-determined goals and the Company's overall performance to broader financial and operational goals and objectives. We determine external market competitiveness by gathering salary information from professionally managed third-party salary surveys and by determining pay for individual employees based on their skill level, experience, education, and any other relevant compensatory factors. We balance internal pay equity with external pay equity to ensure compensation is fairly and equitably dispersed.

Management is committed to the proposition that the total rewards of every employee in pay and benefits are equitably distributed regardless of their race, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, national origin, color, veteran status, age, or disability. Furthermore, to ensure the commitment to pay equity is aggressively pursued, we define appropriate metrics to track progress. The Human Resources Department prepares periodic reports for senior leadership and the Board of Directors to report progress toward equitable pay, promotions, and opportunities.

We offer all employees the ability to save for retirement by matching dollar for dollar up to 6% of their savings into a qualified savings plan up to certain pre-determined limits set by the IRS. For highly compensated employees who meet the salary threshold set by the IRS and who choose to continue pre-tax savings above the qualified savings plan limits, eligible employees can participate in a non-qualified tax deferred savings plan to save for future needs.

Our intention is to offer every employee fair and equitable cash compensation and competitive non-cash benefits to help employees manage their wealth, health, and wellness and the wealth, health, and wellness of their families.

Talent Acquisition & Retention

We work diligently to attract the best talent from a diverse range of sources and locations in order to meet the current and future demands of our business. We now recruit talent from twenty-one states across the country, as much of our workforce can work in a mostly remote arrangement. We are establishing relationships with universities, professional associations, and industry groups to proactively attract talent. We look for ways to improve our recruiting process regularly and ensure each applicant feels welcome and comfortable through the recruiting process. Our panel interviews are set up with a diverse group of interviewers to ensure for the best candidate experience. We have taken the ParityPledge in support of women and in support of people of color, demonstrating our commitment to improve the opportunity for advancement of women and people of color into senior leadership positions.

We have a strong employee value proposition that leverages our unique culture, collaborative and flexible working environment, shared sense of purpose, desire to do the right thing and innovative work to attract talent to our company. We empower employees to find new and better ways of doing things and the scale of our business means that careers can develop in exciting and unexpected directions. To ensure the long-term continuity of our business, we actively manage the development of existing talent to fill the roles that are most critical to the on-going success of our Company.

In 2022, we hired 180 new employees, excluding our customer service and warehouse departments, and 28 new customer service and warehouse employees. We have a total average tenure of six years, with an average tenure of four and three quarters years in our customer service and warehouse departments.

Employee Safety & Wellness

Creating a culture where all employees feel supported and valued is a key part of our corporate mission. We continue to evolve our programs to meet our employees' wealth, health, and wellness needs, which we believe is essential to attract and retain employees of the highest caliber, and we offer a competitive benefits package focused on fostering work/life integration. We offer comprehensive benefit options to our employees and their families to live healthier and more secure lives. Some of the various insurances we offer include medical, dental, and vision, among others, along with health savings accounts, flexible spending accounts and generous 401(k) matching and employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) programs. In addition to these more traditional benefits offerings, we also have programs that encourage better work/life balance. These benefits include a medical clinic, fitness center, child daycare, and two dedicated counselors, employee assistance program (EAP) support, and a 9/80 flexible work schedule. We offer family planning services including fertility coverage to assist potential parents. We offer paid parental leave for all new parents who have been with the Company for at least a year to ensure they are able to adjust to a new work/life balance. We also offer a caregiver benefit to parents who need to travel for work, which allows employees who have a child under the age of two to travel with the employee. In January 2023, we expanded our benefits offerings to include pelvic care benefits for women and lowered copayments for mental health office visits to provide enhanced mental health support.

Development & Training

We recognize how important it is for our employees to develop and progress in their careers. We provide a variety of resources to help our employees grow in their current roles and build new skills, including online development resources from a competency model development library to hundreds of online courses in our learning management system. We emphasize individual development planning as part of our annual goal setting process, and offer mentoring programs, along with change management and project management upskilling opportunities. We have leadership development resources for all leaders across the organization and continue to build tools for leaders to develop their teams on the job and in roles to create new opportunities to learn and grow. We also encourage higher education and continuing professional education by subsidizing these opportunities for our employees.

We have an annual training for all employees on the topic of Diversity and Inclusion. This program is designed to strengthen our organization by promoting the inclusion of various viewpoints from the natural talents and abilities of our people regardless of race, sexual orientation, gender, religion, or other differences.

Company Culture

We attribute the high levels of employee engagement to our corporate culture. We strive for a work environment that is results-driven, inclusive, agile, and collaborative. Our corporate vision, mission, values, leadership principles, and employee qualities help define who we are, where we are going, and the behavior we expect of the Company and our employees to be successful in the organization.

To fulfill our vision of "Making Dream Homes Come True" and the long-term financial goals of the Company, we focus on our mission of being a customer-focused online furniture and home furnishings retailer, our leading technology-focused innovation capabilities, and creating enterprise value. Our values articulate our commitment to an inclusive, outcome-driven, and positive work environment, and embody our "becoming" culture and spirit. Our five leadership principles guide our interactions with colleagues, creating a psychologically safe environment for productive and collaborative exchanges for improved outcomes. We strive to clearly define, look for, measure, and develop ten qualities in our employees so that we all become empowered to be effective and valuable contributors in the organization. We believe this culture allows us to attract, develop, engage, and retain highly qualified employees for each role in the organization. Our goal is to have every employee feel they are a valued and empowered member of a winning team, doing meaningful work, in an environment of trust. The Company endeavors to regularly reinforce this culture throughout the entire employee experience.

Oversight & Governance

Our focus on human capital management has been a hallmark of the Company for years, understanding that people truly are a Company's most valuable asset, and that culture is an organization's ultimate competitive advantage. Our 401(k) committee meets quarterly to review the plan and determine if any changes need to be made to the portfolio, in order to best serve our employees. Our board of directors dedicates significant time in quarterly meetings with management to discuss trends in hiring, engagement, and attrition. Our Compensation Committee is actively involved in determining competitive compensation strategies to help us continually improve in attracting, developing, and retaining top talent for our Company.

Information About Our Executive Officers

The following persons were executive officers of Overstock as of February 24, 2023:

Executive Officers

Age

Position

Angela Hsu

Chief Marketing Officer

Jonathan E. Johnson III

Chief Executive Officer and Director

Adrianne Lee

Chief Financial Officer

Carter Lee

Chief People Officer

E. Glen Nickle

Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary

Dave Nielsen

President

Carlisha Robinson

Chief Product Officer

Tushon Robinson

Chief Supply Chain Officer

Joel Weight

Chief Technology Officer

Angela Hsu joined Overstock as our Chief Marketing Officer in March 2022. Prior to joining Overstock, Hsu served as Senior Vice President of Marketing and eCommerce at Lamps Plus from June 2017 to March 2022 and held other roles at Lamps Plus including Vice President of Internet Business and Marketing.

Jonathan E. Johnson III has served as Chief Executive Officer since September 2019 and as a Director since 2013. Johnson also served as President of Medici Ventures from August 2016 to April 2021, Interim Chief Executive Officer from August 2019 to September 2019, and Chairman of the Board of Directors from 2014 through 2017. Johnson joined Overstock in 2002 and previously served as our President, Executive Vice Chairman, Acting Chief Executive Officer, Senior Vice President, and General Counsel, and various other positions.

Adrianne Lee joined Overstock as our Chief Financial Officer in March 2020. Prior to joining Overstock, Lee served as Senior Vice President and CFO of North America RAC from December 2018 to March 2020 and as Vice President - Global Financial Planning and Analysis and Corporate Development from December 2017 to December 2018 at The Hertz Corporation.

Carter Lee has served as our Chief People Officer since January 2023. Lee joined Overstock in 2001 and previously served as Chief International Officer from September 2022 to December 2022, Chief Administrative Officer from August 2018 to September 2022, Acting Chief Marketing Officer from August 2020 to March 2021, Senior Vice President of Technology and People Care from February 2015 to July 2018, and held other roles including Vice President of Technology Operations and Director of Internal Systems.

E. Glen Nickle has served as our Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary since February 2021, and previously served as Vice President, Legal and General Counsel from July 2016 to February 2021. Nickle started with Overstock in May 2010 as Associate General Counsel. Prior to joining Overstock, Nickle served as Associate General Counsel at ICON Health & Fitness, Inc.

Dave Nielsen has served as our President of Retail (now President) since May 2019, and previously served as our Chief Sourcing and Operations Officer from October 2018 to May 2019, having returned to Overstock after serving as the Chief Executive Officer and board member for Global Access from July 2015 to October 2018. Nielsen originally joined Overstock in 2009 and previously served as our Senior Vice President of Business Development, Senior Vice President and General Merchandise Manager and Co-President.

Carlisha Robinson was appointed as our Chief Product Officer in August 2022. Prior to joining Overstock, Robinson served as Vice President of Product at Volusion from July 2020 to July 2022, and Senior Director of Product Management at CPA Global (Innogrpahy) from November 2015 to July 2018.

Tushon Robinson was appointed as our Chief Supply Chain Officer in January 2022. Prior to joining Overstock, Robinson served as Chief Operating Officer of Bractlet from October 2019 to January 2022, Advisory Board Member of Bractlet from May 2018 to October 2019, Vice President, Product Management of Pitney Bowes from October 2018 to October 2019, and various other executive leadership at Newgistics prior to October 2018.

Joel Weight was appointed as our Chief Technology Officer in February 2020. Weight joined Overstock in 2011 and previously served as Chief Operations Officer of Medici Ventures from January 2019 to February 2020, and Chief Technology Officer of Medici Ventures from October 2016 to January 2019, and various other positions.

There are no family relationships between any of our executive officers.

Available Information

We make our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, available free of charge through the Investor Relations section of our main website, www.overstock.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information filed by us. Our Internet Website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not a part of or incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Any investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Please consider the following risk factors carefully. If any one or more of the following risks were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and the market price of our securities could decrease significantly. Statements below to the effect that an event could or would harm our business (or have an adverse effect on our business or similar statements) mean that the event could or would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, which in turn could or would have a material adverse effect on the market price of our securities. Many of the risks we face involve more than one type of risk. Consequently, you should carefully read all of the risk factors below, and in any reports we file with the SEC after we file this Form 10-K, before making any decision to acquire or hold our securities.

Risks Relating to Our Company and its Operational, Litigation and Regulatory Environment

We depend on third-party companies to perform functions critical to our business, and any failure or increased cost on their part could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We depend on third-party companies, including third-party carriers and a large number of independent fulfillment partners whose products we offer for sale on our Website, to perform functions critical to our ability to deliver products and services to our customers on time and at a reasonable cost. We depend on our carriers and fulfillment partners to perform traditional retail operations such as maintaining inventory, preparing merchandise for shipment to our customers and delivering purchased merchandise on a timely and cost-effective basis. We also depend on the delivery and product assembly services that we and they utilize, on the payment processors that facilitate our customers' payments for their purchases, and on other third parties (including SaaS, IaaS, and other cloud-based third-party service providers) over which we have no control, for the operation of our business. Difficulties with any of our significant fulfillment partners or third-party carriers, delivery or product assembly services, payment processors or any of the third-party service providers involved in our business, regardless of the reason, could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

We face intense competition and may not be able to compete successfully against existing or future competitors.

The online retail market is evolving rapidly and is intensely competitive. Barriers to entry are minimal, and current and new competitors can launch new websites at a relatively low cost. We currently compete with numerous competitors, including:

•online retailers with or without discount departments, including Amazon.com, AliExpress (part of the Alibaba Group), eBay, and Rakuten.com;

•online shopping services, including Google Shopping, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok;

•online specialty retailers such as Wayfair, Build.com, Houzz, Hayneedle, Rugs.com, Groupon, World Market, and Zulily;

•furniture specialists including Bob's Discount Furniture, Havertys, Raymour & Flanigan, At Home, Tuesday Morning, Living Spaces, Nebraska Furniture Mart, RC Willey, and Rooms To Go;

•traditional general merchandise and specialty retailers and liquidators including Ashley Furniture, Bed, Bath & Beyond, Best Buy, Big Lots, Costco, Crate and Barrel, Ethan Allen, Gilt, Home Depot, HomeGoods, Hudson's Bay Company, IKEA, J.C. Penney Company, Kirkland's, Kohl's, Lands' End, Lowe's, Macy's, Nordstrom, Pier 1 Imports, Pottery Barn, Restoration Hardware, Ross Stores, Saks Fifth Avenue, Sears, T.J. Maxx, Target, Walmart, West Elm, and Williams-Sonoma, all of which also have an online presence; and

•online liquidators such as SmartBargains.

We expect that existing and future traditional manufacturers and retailers will continue to add or improve their e-commerce offerings, and that our existing and future e-commerce competitors, including Amazon, will continue to increase their offerings, their delivery capabilities, and the ways in which they enable shoppers to purchase goods, including their mobile technology and the voice-activated shopping services offered by Amazon. Further, large marketplace websites and sites which aggregate marketplace sellers with a large product selection are becoming increasingly popular, and we may not be able to place our products on these sites to take advantage of their internal search platforms and some shoppers may begin their searches at these websites rather than utilize traditional search engines at all. Many of our competitors specialize in one or more of the areas in which we offer products. For example, our furniture offerings compete with numerous retail furniture websites and traditional furniture retail specialists. We also face competition from shopping services such as Google Shopping, which offers products from Walmart, Costco, Target and many other retailers. Competition from our competitors, many of whom have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition, greater access to capital and significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do, affects us and has had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

Our business depends on effective marketing, including marketing via email, search engine marketing, influencer marketing, and social media marketing, and our competitors have and may continue to directly increase our marketing costs, may outspend us on marketing, and also have and may continue to cause us to decrease certain types of marketing.

We depend on effective marketing and customer traffic. We depend on search engine marketing, email, and other e-commerce marketing methods to promote our site and offerings and to generate a substantial portion of our revenue. If a significant portion of our target customers no longer utilize email, or if we are unable to effectively and economically deliver email or marketing materials through other channels to our potential customers, whether for legal, regulatory or other reasons, it would have a material adverse effect on our business. We also rely on social media and influencers for marketing purposes, and anything that limits our ability or our customers' ability or desire to utilize social media could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition to competing with us for customers, suppliers, and employees, our competitors have and may continue to directly increase our operating costs, by driving up the cost of various forms of online advertising. Furthermore, our competitors may outspend us on various forms of advertising or marketing, making our marketing efforts less effective. We may elect to decrease our use of search engine marketing or other forms of marketing from time to time in order to decrease our costs, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial results and business. We may also elect to spend additional amounts on search engine marketing or other forms of marketing from time to time in order to increase traffic to our Website, or to take other strategic actions to increase traffic and/or conversion, and such increased spending may not be effective on a cost-benefit basis, or at all. If we are unable to develop, improve, implement and maintain effective and efficient cost-effective advertising and marketing programs, it would have a material adverse effect on our financial results and business.

Numerous potential economic factors, including a recession, other economic downturns, inflation, our increasing exposure to the U.S. housing industry, and the potential for a decrease in consumer spending, have affected and could continue to adversely affect us.

Various potential adverse economic conditions, including a recession, other economic downturns, inflation, and weakness in the U.S. housing market, could decrease consumer discretionary spending and further adversely affect our financial performance. Consumer prices for all items rose 6.5% percent from December 2021 to December 2022. High inflation rates have led to increased interest rates. We believe that our sales of home-related products are affected by the strength of the U.S. housing industry. A recession or other economic downturn, in particular in the U.S. housing industry, has already negatively impacted our sales, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business, and prospects. Similarly, a substantial portion of the products and services we offer are products or services that consumers may view as discretionary items rather than necessities. As a result, our results of operations are sensitive to changes in macroeconomic conditions that impact consumer spending, including discretionary spending. Difficult macroeconomic conditions also impact our customers' ability to obtain consumer credit. Other factors, including consumer confidence, employment levels, interest rates, fuel and energy costs, tax rates, and consumer debt levels could reduce consumer spending or change consumer purchasing habits. Slowdowns in the U.S. or global economy, or an uncertain economic outlook, could materially adversely affect consumer spending habits, have already negatively impacted our sales, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business, and prospects.

Tariffs, bans, the spread of illness, or other measures or events that increase the effective price of products or limit our ability to access products we or our suppliers or fulfillment partners import into the United States could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We and many of our suppliers and fulfillment partners source a large percentage of the products we offer on our Website from China and other countries. If the United States imposes tariffs or bans on imports, or if other factors that are outside of our control increase the prices of imported products sold on our Website or limit our ability to access products sold on our Website, the increased prices and/or supply chain challenges could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

The changing job market, the loss of key personnel, the changing job structure, or any inability to attract, retain and engage additional key personnel could affect our ability to successfully grow our business.

Our performance is substantially dependent on the continued service and performance of our senior management and other key personnel. Our performance also depends on our ability to retain and motivate our officers and key employees. Given the current labor migration trends in the U.S., and more businesses allowing employees to work remotely, we are forced to compete with businesses in other locations and states to attract and retain key employees. We recently announced that under our FORWARD (Future of Remote Work and Re-entry Design) Plan, most of our local workforce will increase their onsite workdays to three days each week and perform the remaining workdays in that week remotely. This hybrid job structure for most of our workforce, with increased time onsite, could create consequences such as a lack of productivity, a lack of engagement, employee dissatisfaction, and employee fatigue. Some key employees may leave to work for businesses that offer

full-time remote work schedules, full-time onsite work schedules, or for businesses they otherwise find more attractive. The loss of, or the inability to retain or engage the services of key employees for any reason, could harm our business. Our future success depends on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train, engage, retain, and motivate highly-skilled personnel. Our failure to attract, retain, and engage the personnel necessary to successfully operate our business could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

We rely upon paid and natural search engines to rank our product offerings, and our financial results may suffer if we are unable to maintain our prior rankings in natural searches.

We rely on paid and natural search engines to attract consumer interest in our product offerings, including Google, Bing, and Yahoo!. Changes to their ranking algorithms and competition from other retailers to attract consumer interest may adversely affect our product offerings in paid and/or natural searches, and we may at times be subject to ranking penalties if the operators of search engines believe we are not in compliance with their guidelines. Search engine companies change their natural search engine algorithms periodically and online retailers compete to rank well with these search engine companies. Our ranking in natural searches may be adversely affected by those changes, as has occurred from time to time, which has led us to pursue revenue growth in other more expensive marketing channels. Google's search engine is dominant in our business and has historically been a significant source of traffic to our website, much of it at essentially no incremental cost to us. Search engine companies may also determine that we are not in compliance with their guidelines from time to time, as has occurred in the past, and they may penalize us in their search algorithms as a result. In recent years, we have experienced declines in our rankings in Google's natural search engine, which has required us to utilize more expensive marketing channels or otherwise compensate for the loss of some of the natural search traffic. Any future declines in our rankings in Google's natural search engine could have a material adverse effect on our business.

If we are not profitable and/or are unable to generate sufficient positive cash flow from operations, our ability to continue in business will depend on our ability to raise additional capital, obtain financing or monetize significant assets, and we may be unable to do so.

At December 31, 2022 our accumulated deficit was $173.8 million. We experienced significant losses in years leading up to 2020. Although our financial results were significantly better in 2020 and 2021, we incurred additional losses in 2022 which included significant non-cash losses on our equity method investments. If we are unable to successfully manage our business in the future, our ability to continue in business could depend on our ability to raise sufficient additional capital, obtain sufficient financing, or sell or otherwise monetize significant assets such as our corporate headquarters. Additionally, we may not be able to raise capital on acceptable terms or at all. The occurrence of any of the foregoing risks would have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

Remote or hybrid work schedules, resulting from future pandemics or otherwise, could have technology and security consequences, could result in policies, mandates, or regulations that apply unevenly to businesses, could cause employee fatigue, and could negatively impact our operations.

Many of our employees and contractors continue to work remotely or on a hybrid work schedule. Additional risks are inherent when employees and contractors work remotely, including risks that third-party Internet and phone service providers may not provide adequate services for employees and contractors to perform their responsibilities, risks that hardware, software, or other technological problems or failures could prevent employees or contractors from performing their responsibilities and could take an excessive amount of time to resolve and risks that employees and contractors may not be trained as effectively or monitored as closely from remote locations, creating greater risks for the security of confidential information. Additionally, government policies, mandates, or regulations created in response to the future spread of disease or illness could apply unevenly to businesses, whether based on business size, industry, or some other reason, which could make certain businesses less desirable for employment and could impair our ability to attract and/or retain key employees. Employees may leave to work for businesses they find more attractive. Any such occurrences could have a material negative impact on the business.

Our business depends on the Internet, our infrastructure and transaction-processing systems.

We are completely dependent on our infrastructure and on the availability, reliability and security of the Internet and related systems. Although we have migrated and continue to migrate some of our computer systems and operations to the public cloud, a substantial majority of our computer and communications infrastructure is running in our private cloud on hardware that is located at a single Overstock owned and operated facility. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks, acts of war, break-ins, earthquake and similar events. Our back-up facility by itself is not adequate to support fulfillment of sales orders. Our servers and applications are vulnerable to malware, physical or electronic break-ins, internal sabotage, and other disruptions, the occurrence of any of which could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical data or the inability to accept and fulfill customer

orders. Any internal or critical third-party system interruption that results in the unavailability of our Website or our mobile app or reduced performance of our transaction systems could interrupt or substantially reduce our ability to conduct our business. We have experienced periodic systems interruptions due to server failure, application failure, power failure and intentional cyber-attacks in the past, and may experience additional interruptions or failures in the future. Any failure or impairment of our infrastructure or of the availability of the Internet or related systems could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects. In addition, the occurrence of any event that would adversely affect e-commerce or discourage or prevent consumers from shopping online or via mobile apps could significantly decrease the volume of our sales.

We are subject to cyber security risks and risks of data loss or other security breaches.

Our business involves the storage and transmission of users' proprietary information, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, and to resulting claims, fines, and litigation. We have developed certain software products to assist with the operation and management of our business which could contain flaws or vulnerabilities that could present cyber security-related risks, data loss, other security breaches, or damage to our business, our suppliers, or our customers. We have been subjected to a variety of cyber-attacks, which have increased in number and variety over time. We believe our systems are probed by potential hackers virtually 24/7, and we expect the problem will continue to grow worse over time. Cyber-attacks may target us, our customers, our suppliers, banks, credit card processors, delivery services, public cloud providers, e-commerce in general or the communication infrastructure on which we depend. Any flaws or vulnerabilities in the software we created or technologies designed to prevent attacks on our systems and other third-party systems, compromise of our security, data breaches, malfunctions, or errors, could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation, and a loss of confidence in our security measures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and business. Moreover, any insurance coverage we may carry may be inadequate to cover the expenses and other potential financial exposure we could face as a result of a cyber-attack or data breach.

We recently reversed the valuation allowance for a significant portion of our deferred tax assets, and we may not be able to realize these assets in the future. Our deferred tax assets may also be subject to additional valuation allowances, which could adversely affect our operating results.

Determining whether a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is appropriate requires judgment and an evaluation of all positive and negative evidence. At each reporting period, we assess the need for, or the sufficiency of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. During 2021, based on the weight of all the positive and negative evidence, we concluded that it was more likely than not that we will realize certain federal and state net deferred tax assets based on future taxable income. Therefore, we reversed the valuation allowance on those deferred tax assets during 2021. We maintain a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets for capital losses and the state of Utah where not supported by future reversals of taxable temporary differences, because of the uncertainty regarding the realizability of these deferred tax assets.

Our conclusion that it is more likely than not that we will realize certain federal and state net deferred tax assets is primarily based on our estimate of future taxable income. Our estimate of future taxable income is based on internal projections which primarily consider historical performance, but also include various internal estimates and assumptions and certain external data. We believe all of these inputs to be reasonable, although inherently subject to judgment. If actual results differ significantly from these estimates of future taxable income, we may need to reestablish a valuation allowance for some or all of our deferred tax assets. Establishing an allowance on our net deferred tax assets could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

We may be required to recognize losses relating to our equity method investments.

At December 31, 2022, we held equity method investments totaling approximately $296.3 million. The underlying equity interests are in entities that are in the startup or development stages. Equity method securities are inherently risky because we do not have the ability to influence business decisions. Further, these investments are inherently risky because the markets for the technologies or products these companies are developing are typically in the early stages and may never materialize. Since these investments are in companies that are in the early startup or development stages, even if their technology or products are viable, they may not be able to obtain the capital or resources necessary to successfully bring their technology or products to market. We have recognized losses related to these equity method securities in the past and may in the future recognize additional losses. Additionally, due to tax law limitations around deductibility of capital and investment losses, we may not be able to recognize a tax benefit on these losses when they occur. Any such loss could be material and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

If governmental entities or providers of consumer devices and internet browsers further restrict or regulate the use of "cookie" tracking technologies, the amount or accuracy of online user information we collect could decrease, which could harm our business and operating results.

Various federal, state and international governmental entities have enacted or are considering enacting legislation or regulations that could significantly restrict the ability of companies to use proprietary or third-party "cookies" and other methods of online tracking for behavioral advertising. For example, some governmental agencies have regulated the level of consumer notice and consent required before a company can employ cookies or other electronic tracking tools or the use of data gathered with such tools. Additionally, some providers of consumer devices and web browsers have implemented or plan to implement methods of making it easier for Internet users to prevent the placement of cookies, to block other tracking technologies or to require new permissions from users for certain activities, which have impacted us in the past and have the potential to significantly reduce the effectiveness of such practices and technologies in the future. Any further restriction on the use of cookies and other online tracking and advertising practices could limit our ability to effectively retain existing customers or acquire new customers and consequently, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

If the legal, regulatory, or tax treatment of our company changes adversely, it could impact our ability to conduct business and, accordingly, our financial results.

New or revised laws, regulations, or court decisions may subject us to additional requirements and new disclosures that could increase the cost of doing business, increase scrutiny for the way decisions are made, decrease our revenues, or impact our business model. For example, the SEC has proposed rules that would affect publicly-traded company disclosure obligations in the areas of climate change and cyber security which, if approved, would increase our costs of doing business and expose us to potential compliance risk. In addition, new or revised tax regulations or court decisions may subject us or our customers to additional taxes. Other new or revised legal, regulatory, or tax treatment could expose us to additional risk, increase the cost of doing business online, and increase internal costs necessary to capture data, report data, and collect and remit taxes. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminated the option to immediately deduct research and development expenditures in 2022, and instead required them to be amortized in future years. This new requirement caused us to utilize significant federal and state net operating loss carryforwards in the current year. We expect to continue to utilize federal and state tax attributes at a faster rate than our financial statement earnings in the future and there may be increases to cash taxes paid unless legislation is passed that would defer, repeal, or otherwise modify these new requirements. Any of these items could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

We and certain of our former and current officers and directors are named in shareholder class action lawsuits and shareholder derivative lawsuits, which could require significant additional management time and attention, result in significant additional legal expenses or result in government enforcement actions.

We and certain of our former and current officers and directors are named in shareholder class action lawsuits and shareholder derivative lawsuits, and may become subject to further litigation, government investigations or proceedings arising therefrom. The pending litigation and any future litigation, investigations or other actions that may be filed or initiated against us or our current or former officers or directors may be time consuming and expensive. We cannot predict what losses, if any, we may incur in these litigation matters, and expect to incur significant legal expenditures in defending and responding to these litigation matters.

Any such legal proceedings, if decided adversely to us, could result in significant monetary damages, penalties and reputational harm, and will likely involve significant defense and other costs. We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and certain of our officers, requiring us to indemnify them. Further, our insurance may not cover all claims that have been or may be brought against us, and insurance coverage may not continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost. As a result, we may be exposed to substantial uninsured or under-insured liabilities, including pursuant to our indemnification obligations, which could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

We and tZERO, in which we own a direct minority interest, are both the subjects of, and parties to, investigations by the SEC Division of Enforcement, which has required us to expend significant financial and legal resources. The resolution of those investigations may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

As previously disclosed, in October 2019, we received a subpoena from the SEC requiring us to produce documents and other information related to the Series A-1 Preferred stock dividend we announced to stockholders in June 2019 and requesting copies of 10b5-1 plans entered into by certain officers and directors. In December 2019, we received a subpoena from the SEC requesting our insider trading policies and certain employment and consulting agreements. We also received requests from the SEC for our communications with our former Chief Executive Officer and Director, Patrick Byrne, and the matters referenced in the December 2019 subpoenas. In January 2021, we received a subpoena from the SEC requesting

information regarding our Retail guidance in 2019 and certain communications with current and former executives, board members, and investors. We continue to cooperate with the SEC in these matters.

Although we believe that we have fully complied with all relevant laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that the SEC will not commence an enforcement action against us or members of our management, or as to the ultimate resolution of any enforcement action that the SEC may decide to bring. Under applicable law, the SEC has the ability to impose significant sanctions on companies and individuals who are found to have violated the provisions of applicable federal securities laws, including cease and desist orders, civil money penalties, and barring individuals from serving as directors or officers of public companies. We have expended significant financial and legal resources responding to the SEC subpoena and such responses have required a significant amount of the time and attention of our senior management and personnel. Defending any enforcement action brought by the SEC against us or members of our management would involve further significant expenditures and the resolution of any such enforcement action could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Additionally, the outcome of any investigation related to the activities of tZERO could result in negative publicity for tZERO or us or limit the products which tZERO may be able to offer, which may have an adverse effect on the current and future business ventures of tZERO or us.

If we do not successfully optimize and operate our distribution center, warehouse, and customer service operations, our business could be harmed.

We have expanded, contracted, and otherwise modified our distribution center, warehouse, and customer service operations from time to time in the past, and expect that we will continue to do so. If we do not successfully optimize and operate our distribution center, warehouse, and customer service operations, it could significantly limit our ability to meet customer demand, customer shipping or return time expectations, or result in excessive costs and expenses for the size of our business. Because it is difficult to predict demand, we may not be able to manage our facilities in an optimal way, which may result in excess or insufficient inventory or warehousing capacity. Our fulfillment and customer service centers may also fail to staff at optimal levels. Our failure to manage our warehouse operations, distribution centers or our fulfillment and customer service centers optimally could adversely affect our financial results and customer experience and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

Global conflict, increasing tensions between the United States and Russia, the United States and China, and other effects of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Global conflict could increase costs and limit availability of fuel, energy, and other resources we depend upon for our business operations and could also limit product assortment availability. For example, while we do not operate in Russia or Ukraine, the increasing tensions between the United States and Russia and the other effects of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, have resulted in many broader economic impacts such as the United States imposing sanctions and bans against Russia and Russian products imported into the United States. Such sanctions and bans have impacted and may continue to impact commodity pricing such as fuel and energy costs, making it more expensive for us and our partners to deliver products to our customers. Further, we and many of our suppliers and fulfillment partners source a large percentage of the products we offer on our Website from China. Relations between the United States and China have become increasingly strained and if tensions were to escalate, it could limit our ability to provide a full assortment of furniture and home furnishings on our Website. Sanctions, bans, trade restrictions, or other economic actions in response to the present or future conflict in Ukraine, China, or in response to any other global conflict could result in an increase in costs, further disruptions to our supply chain, and a lack of consumer confidence resulting in reduced demand. While the extent of such items is not presently known, any of them could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We are partially self-insured with respect to our employees' health insurance. If the actual costs of these claims exceed the amounts we have accrued for them, we would incur additional expense.

Since January 1, 2017, we have been partially self-insured with respect to our employees' health insurance, except to the extent of stop-loss coverage that limits our losses both on a per employee basis and an aggregate basis. The actual costs of our employees' health insurance claims could exceed our estimates of those costs for a number of reasons, including more claims or larger claims than we expect, and increases in the costs of healthcare generally. If the actual cost of our employees' health insurance claims and related expenses exceeds the amounts we have accrued, we may be required to record additional charges for these claims and/or to establish additional cash reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

We may be unable to protect our proprietary technology and to obtain trademark protection for our marks.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the protection of our software and other proprietary intellectual property rights. We rely on a combination of laws and contractual restrictions with our employees, customers, suppliers, affiliates, and others to establish and protect our proprietary rights, including the law pertaining to trade secrets. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property or trade secrets without authorization. In addition, we cannot ensure that others will not independently develop similar intellectual property. Third parties have in the past recruited and may in the future recruit our employees who have had access to our proprietary technologies, processes and operations. These recruiting efforts expose us to the risk that such employees and those hiring them will misappropriate and exploit our intellectual property and trade secrets. We may be unable to protect against such risks, in the United States or elsewhere, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Although we have registered and are pursuing the registration of our key trademarks in the United States and some other countries, some of our trade names may not be eligible to receive registered trademark protection. In addition, effective trademark protection may not be available or we may not seek protection in every country in which we market or sell our products and services, including in the United States. Our competitors might adopt product or service marks like our marks or might try to prevent us from using our marks. Any claim by another party against us, or customer confusion related to our trademarks, or our failure to obtain trademark registration, could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

We are currently subject to claims that we have infringed intellectual property rights of third parties and may be subjected to additional infringement claims in the future.

We are currently and may in the future be subject to claims that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of others, by offering allegedly infringing products or otherwise. We have contested and expect to continue to contest claims we consider unfounded rather than settling such claims, even when we expect the costs of contesting the claims could potentially exceed the cost of settlement. Any claims may result in significant expenditure of our financial and managerial resources and may result in us making significant damages or settlement payments or changes to our business. We could be prohibited from using software or business processes, or required to obtain licenses from third parties, which could be expensive or unavailable. Any such difficulties could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

We depend on our suppliers' and fulfillment partners' representations regarding product safety, content and quality, product compliance with various laws and regulations, including registration and/or reporting obligations, and for proper labeling of products.

We rely on our suppliers' and fulfillment partners' representations of product safety, content and quality, product compliance with various laws and regulations, including registration and/or reporting obligations, and proper labeling of products. Issues or concerns regarding product safety, compliance, registration and/or reporting, labeling, content or quality could result in consumer or governmental claims and could adversely affect our financial results and business. Any indemnity agreement we may have with a supplier or fulfillment partner of a product may be inadequate or inapplicable, and any insurance coverage we may carry may be inadequate. Even unsuccessful claims could result in the expenditure of funds and management time and could have a negative impact on our business. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

We have an evolving business model, which increases the complexity of our business.

In prior years we added additional types of services and product offerings and in some cases, we modified or discontinued those offerings, and in some cases have re-launched offerings we had previously terminated. We may continue to try to offer additional types of products or services, and we do not know whether any of them will be successful. From time to time we have also modified aspects of our business model relating to our product mix and the mix of direct/partner sourcing of the products we offer. We recently eliminated our assortment of non-home goods offered for sale on our Website in order to increase our brand association with "home" expertise. In addition, we continue to experiment with new technologies to enhance the customer experience and iterate on delivery of new features. The additions and modifications to our business have increased the complexity of our business and impacted our management, personnel, operations, systems, technical performance, financial resources, and internal financial control and reporting functions. The elimination of non-home goods has resulted in reduced revenues which we have not yet been able to fully offset. Further, our efforts to promote a culture of innovation amongst our technologists in an attempt to stay ahead of the competition may result in the introduction of technologies that are less mature or stable which could cause problems in our website or back-end logistics systems. Future additions to or modifications of our business are likely to have similar effects. Further, any new business, technology, or website we launch that is not favorably received by consumers could damage our reputation or our brand. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business, prospects, and the trading prices of our securities.

If Pelion is not successful in managing the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund or has to resign if there is a change in the interpretation or application of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Advisers Act"), we would be unable to realize the anticipated benefits of this arrangement.

As the general partner of the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund, Pelion has control over the limited partnership and its activities, including day-to-day operations and investment decisions. Pelion is able to sell investments of the limited partnership at any time, make additional investments, modify, amend or change existing investments, make new investments and otherwise control the activities of the limited partnership.

The success of the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund depends on Pelion's ability to successfully manage the activities of the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund portfolio companies and its existing and future portfolio company investments. Pelion may not be successful in managing these investments and we may not receive the benefits we anticipate of the transaction with Pelion. Moreover, even if successful in managing the Partnership, Pelion has the right to withdraw as general partner under certain circumstances, including certain changes in Pelion's status under the Advisers Act. The occurrence of such an event is beyond our control, and, as a result, there can be no assurance that Pelion will remain as general partner for the term contemplated. If Pelion is no longer serving as the general partner, we will have the right under the partnership agreement to appoint a new general partner; however, it may not be possible to accomplish this in a timely manner, which could result in the termination of the partnership. Even if a new general partner is appointed in a timely manner, it may be unable to manage the activities of the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund and its portfolio company investments, which would prevent us from receiving the anticipated benefits of the partnership.

Our international business efforts could adversely affect us.

We sell products in international markets. International sales and transactions are subject to inherent risks and challenges that could adversely affect us, including:

•the need to develop new supplier and manufacturer relationships;

•the need to comply with additional U.S. and foreign laws and regulations;

•changes in international laws, regulatory requirements, taxes and tariffs;

•our limited experience with different local cultures and standards;

•geopolitical events, such as war and terrorist attacks;

•the risk that the products we offer may not appeal to customers in international markets, whether due to the products themselves, the time to deliver, a lack of brand recognition, or another reason; and

•the additional resources and management attention required for such expansion.

Our international business could expose us to penalties for non-compliance with laws applicable to international business and trade, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Foreign data protection, privacy and other laws and regulations are different and often more restrictive than those in the United States. Compliance with such laws and regulations will result in additional costs and may necessitate changes to our business practices, which may adversely affect our business. A lack of brand recognition, increased costs associated with shipping products cross-border, increased times to deliver products to customers, or other matters that may reduce customer demand, could adversely affect our business. To the extent that we make purchases or sales denominated in foreign currencies, we would have foreign currency risks, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock

The trading price of our common stock may be adversely affected by short-selling activities involving our common stock.

The trading price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile. Our stock price fluctuations may be due in part to short-selling activity related to our common stock. The practice of short-selling activity may adversely affect our common stock price, which in turn could adversely affect our ability to raise capital and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, business and prospects.

Significant fluctuations in our quarterly operating results may adversely affect the market prices of our common stock, and you may lose all or a part of your investment.

Our revenues and operating results have varied in the past and may continue to vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are outside our control. In addition to the other risk factors described in this report, factors that have caused and/or could cause our quarterly operating results to fluctuate and in turn affect the market prices of our common stock include:

•increases in the cost of advertising and changes in our sales and marketing expenditures;

•our inability to retain existing customers or encourage repeat purchases;

•the extent to which our existing and future marketing campaigns are successful;

•price competition, particularly in the costs of marketing and product pricing;

•the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures;

•the amount and timing of our purchases of inventory;

•our inability to manage distribution operations or provide adequate levels of customer service;

•increases in the cost of fuel, transportation or distribution;

•our inability to implement technology changes or integrate operations and technologies from acquisitions or other business combinations;

•our efforts to offer new lines of products and services;

•our inability to attract users to our website; and

•losses associated with our equity method investments.

Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and business and our ability to raise capital and could have a material adverse effect on the holders of our common stock.

Future sales or other distributions of our stock may depress our stock price or subject us to limitations on our ability to use our net operating and tax credit carryforwards.

Sales or other distributions of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, in the public market or otherwise, by us or by a significant stockholder, has in the past and could in the future, depress the trading price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. The transfer of ownership of a significant portion of our outstanding shares of common stock in the public market or otherwise, by us or by a significant stockholder, within a three-year period could adversely affect our ability to use our net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards to offset future taxable net income.

In addition, we may issue additional shares of our common or preferred stock from time to time in the future in amounts that may be significant. We have sold common stock including under "at the market" sales agreement and in follow-on underwritten offerings in the past and may do so in the future. We also previously issued a class of preferred stock that was publicly traded, and may in the future issue preferred stock that is publicly traded. The sale of substantial amounts of our common or preferred stock, by us or a significant stockholder, or the perception that these sales may occur, could adversely affect the trading prices of our securities or subject us to limitations on our ability to use our net operating and tax credit carryforwards.

Anti-takeover provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, and provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions which could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors. Among other things, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions:

•limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;

•limiting the ability of our stockholders to call and bring business before special meetings;

•providing that our Board of Directors is classified into three classes of directors with staggered three-year terms;

•only permitting the Board of Directors to fix the number of directors and to fill vacancies;

•prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;

•prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

•requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors;

•controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of Board of Directors and stockholder meetings; and

•designating a state court located in the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for specified matters.

These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management.

Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock or other securities and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock or other securities.

We are subject to the risk of possibly becoming an investment company under the Investment Company Act.

The Investment Company Act regulates certain companies that invest in, hold or trade securities. Primarily as a result of a portion of our assets consisting of indirectly-held minority investment positions through the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund, we are subject to the risk of inadvertently becoming an investment company. Because registration under the Investment Company Act would make it impractical for us to operate our business, we need to avoid becoming subject to the registration requirements of the Investment Company Act. To do so, we may structure transactions in a less advantageous manner than if we did not have Investment Company Act concerns, or we may avoid otherwise economically desirable transactions and/or strategic initiatives due to those concerns. In addition, events beyond our control, including significant appreciation or depreciation in the value of certain of our holdings or adverse developments with respect to our ownership of certain of our subsidiaries, could result in us inadvertently becoming an investment company. If it were established that we were an investment company, there would be a risk, among other material adverse consequences, that we could become subject to monetary penalties or injunctive relief, or both, in an action brought by the SEC, that we would be unable to enforce contracts with third parties or that third parties could seek to obtain rescission of transactions with us undertaken during the period it was established that we were an unregistered investment company. If it were established that we were an investment company, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial operations and our ability to continue our business.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We own and lease various properties in the United States and internationally. We use the properties for corporate office space, data centers, and warehouse, fulfillment and customer service space. As of December 31, 2022, we operated the following facilities (square feet in thousands):


	United States	International	Total
Owned facilities	260	—	260
Leased facilities	1,018	13	1,031
Total facilities	1,278	13	1,291

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are involved in, or become subject to litigation or other legal proceedings concerning consumer protection, employment, intellectual property, claims under the securities laws, and other commercial matters related to the conduct and operation of our business and the sale of products on our Website. We also prosecute lawsuits to enforce our legal rights. In connection with such litigation or other legal proceedings, we have been in the past and we may be in the future subject to significant damages, associated costs, or equitable remedies relating to the operation of our business. Such litigation could be costly and time consuming and could divert or distract our management and key personnel from our business operations. Due to the uncertainty of litigation and depending on the amount and the timing, an unfavorable resolution of some or all of such matters could materially affect our business, results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. For additional details, see the information set forth under Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 12—Commitments and Contingencies, subheading Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference in answer to this Item.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market information

The principal U.S. trading market for our common stock is the Nasdaq Global Market. Our common stock is traded under the symbol "OSTK."

Holders

As of February 17, 2023, there were 333 holders of record of our common stock. Many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of the beneficial owners.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any earnings for future growth and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay any dividends on our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our results of operations, financial conditions, contractual and legal restrictions and other factors the Board of Directors deems relevant.

We declared and paid a cash dividend of $0.16 per share on our preferred stock during 2021 and 2020. As discussed below under "—Preferred Stock Conversion," we converted all of our then-outstanding Series A-1 and Series B preferred stock into common stock on June 10, 2022, and did not pay a cash dividend prior to conversion in 2022. At December 31, 2022 we had no preferred stock outstanding.

Recent sales of unregistered securities

None.

Issuer purchases of equity securities

The following table sets forth information with respect to repurchases of shares of our common stock made during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):


Period	Total Number of Common Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Common Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that may yet be Purchased under the Plans or Programs(1)
October 1 - 31	—	$	—	—	$	39,923
November 1 - 30	808,803	$	24.76	808,803	$	19,884
December 1 - 31	—	$	—	—	$	19,884
Total	808,803			808,803

___________________________________________

(1) In August 2021, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Repurchase Program") for the repurchase of up to $100.0 million of our common stock. On March 9, 2022, our Board of Directors expanded the Repurchase Program to include the repurchase of our Series A-1 preferred stock and/or Series B preferred stock. The Repurchase Program expires in December 2023.

Preferred Stock Conversion

On May 12, 2022, Overstock shareholders voted to approve separate proposals to approve the amendment of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation for both classes of its preferred stock to provide that each share of our Series A-1 and Series B preferred stock would be automatically converted into 0.90 of a share of our common stock (the "Conversion"). On June 10, 2022, in connection with the completion of the Conversion, the Company issued 4,097,697 shares of our common stock in exchange for the outstanding Series A-1 and Series B preferred stock on that date. As the fair value of our common stock issued exceeded the fair value of the Series A-1 and Series B preferred stock exchanged on the Conversion date, we recognized a non-cash deemed dividend to our preferred stockholders of $1.7 million due to the excess fair value per share compared to the conversion ratio. Following the Conversion, the Company eliminated the Series A-1 and Series B preferred stock class by filing Certificates of Elimination with the Delaware Secretary of State. The shares of preferred stock previously designated as Series A-1 and Series B preferred stock returned to the status of authorized and undesignated shares of preferred stock under our certificate of incorporation.

COMPARISON OF 5-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN

The following graph shows a comparison of the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total returns of NASDAQ Market Index, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Retail Select Index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each of the indexes during the last five fiscal years ended December 31, 2022. Data for the NASDAQ Market Index, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Retail Select Index assume reinvestment of dividends. Stockholder returns over the indicated period are based on historical data and should not be considered indicative of future stockholder returns. They do not necessarily reflect management's opinion that such indices are an appropriate measure of the relative performance of the stock involved, and they are not intended to forecast or be indicative of possible future performance of the Company's common stock.

ITEM 6.

Reserved.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements relating to future events or our future financial or operating performance that involve risks and uncertainties, as set forth above under "Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements." or in Item 1A under the heading "Risk Factors" or included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, our future results may be significantly different from our historical results.

Financial Reporting Presentation Relating to Discontinued Operations

Unless otherwise specified, disclosures throughout Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, including disclosures under “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” reflect continuing operations only. See Note 4—Discontinued Operations in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" included in Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Overview

Overstock provides furniture and home furnishings to assist consumers in "Making Dream Homes Come True," particularly for our target customers—consumers who seek smart value on quality, stylish furniture and home furnishings at competitive prices, and who want an easy shopping experience. We believe that the furniture and home furnishings market, which is highly fragmented and has traditionally been served by brick-and-mortar stores, will continue transitioning to online sales as consumers become increasingly comfortable shopping online. We regularly update our product assortment to meet the evolving preferences of our customers and current trends. Our products include furniture, décor, area rugs, bedding and bath, home improvement, outdoor, and kitchen and dining items, among others. Our supply chain allows us to ship directly to our customers from our suppliers or from our warehouses. See Item 1—"Business—Our Business" for an additional overview on our business.

We are focused on growth drivers including, increasing our home assortment to improve our brand association with home, making it easier for our customers to find and view a broad assortment of products, increasing mobile app adoption driving higher customer retention and brand loyalty, optimizing our marketing efforts to grow Overstock consideration among home shoppers, growing our customer base in Canada, and gaining market share by strengthening our brand pillars of "Product Findability," "Smart Value," and "Easy Delivery and Support."

Executive Commentary

This executive commentary is intended to provide investors with a view of our business through the eyes of our management. As an executive commentary, it necessarily focuses on selected aspects of our business. This executive commentary is intended as a supplement to, but not a substitute for, the more detailed discussion of our business included elsewhere herein. Investors are cautioned to read our entire "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and our interim and audited financial statements, and the discussion of our business and risk factors and other information included elsewhere or incorporated in this report. This executive commentary includes forward-looking statements, and investors are cautioned to read "Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."

Our consolidated cash and cash equivalents balance decreased from $503.3 million as of December 31, 2021 to $371.3 million as of December 31, 2022, a decrease of $132.1 million, primarily as the result of repurchases of our common stock and Series A-1 preferred stock under the Repurchase Program of $80.1 million, purchases of equity securities of $18.9 million, expenditures of property and equipment of $14.9 million, and net cash outflows from operating activities of $12.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Revenue decreased 30% in 2022 compared to 2021. This decrease was primarily due to a 39% decrease in the number of customer orders, partially offset by a 15% increase in average order value driven by a continued product mix shift into furniture and home furnishings categories. This decreased order activity was largely driven by the absence of pandemic-related shopping behavior as seen in the prior year, the impact of macroeconomic factors including a heightened inflationary environment and uncertainty impacting consumer sentiment, a shift in consumer spending preferences, and our strategy to exit non-home categories.

Gross profit decreased 29% in 2022 compared to 2021 primarily due to decreased sales volume and partially offset by an increase in gross margin. Gross margin increased to 23.0% in 2022, compared to 22.6% in 2021, primarily due to merchandising actions, advertising revenue, and operational efficiencies. The increase was partially offset by higher promotional discounting and carrier costs.

Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 11.2% in 2022 compared to 11.0% in 2021, primarily due to increased brand advertising, partially offset by decreased performance marketing expenses.

Technology expenses decreased $1.8 million in 2022 compared to 2021, primarily due to decreased third party spend and staff-related expenses. The decrease was partially offset by increased licensing costs.

General and administrative expenses decreased $7.7 million in 2022 compared to 2021, primarily driven by reduced legal, third-party vendor, and facilities-related expenses, partially offset by increased staff-related expenses.

Additional commentary related to macroeconomic trends

We continue to monitor recent macroeconomic trends, including the impact caused by global developments such as the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine (including the related heightened geopolitical tensions and economic actions in response thereto by various countries), and their impact on our supply chain, customers, and employees. While we have no operations in or direct exposure to Russia or Ukraine, we believe the conflict between Russia and Ukraine combined with higher consumer price inflation has resulted in reduced consumer confidence and consumer spending which negatively impacted our sales during the year. In addition, we have experienced increased employee turnover, inflation in product costs, higher wages, higher share-based compensation expenses, and higher energy and fuel costs, each at a higher rate than what we have experienced in recent years. However, we continue to work with our partners to limit price increases in response to higher costs and have been able to improve gross margins year over year.

Due to the uncertain and constantly evolving nature and extreme volatility created by these disruptions in the capital markets, we cannot currently predict the long-term impact of these events on our operations and financial results. Nevertheless, as of December 31, 2022, the challenges arising from these events have not adversely affected our liquidity or capacity to service our debt, nor have these conditions required us to reduce our capital expenditures.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We believe that our cash and cash equivalents currently on hand and expected cash flows from future operations will be sufficient to continue operations for at least the next twelve months. We continue to monitor, evaluate, and manage our operating plans, forecasts, and liquidity considering the most recent developments driven by macroeconomic conditions, such as supply chain challenges, inflation, rising interest rates, and the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine. We proactively seek opportunities to improve the efficiency of our operations and have in the past and may in the future take steps to realize internal cost savings, including aligning our staffing needs based on our current and expected future levels of operations and process streamlining.

We periodically evaluate opportunities to repurchase our equity securities, obtain credit facilities, or issue additional debt or equity securities which may impact our future operations and liquidity. In addition, we may, from time to time, consider the investment in, or acquisition of, complementary businesses, products, services, or technologies to expand our business, any of which might affect our liquidity requirements or cause us to issue additional debt or equity securities that would be dilutive to shareholders.

Cash flows from discontinued operations are disclosed on our statement of cash flows as separate line items in the operating, investing, and financing activities sections. We anticipate that the absence of cash flows from discontinued operations will positively affect future liquidity and capital resources.

Current sources of liquidity

Our principal sources of liquidity are existing cash and cash equivalents, and accounts receivable, net. At December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $371.3 million and accounts receivable, net of $17.7 million.

Cash flow information is as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(12,535)	$	98,047
Investing activities	(33,034)		(56,433)
Financing activities	(86,340)		(12,683)

At December 31, 2022, we had $150.0 million available under our "at the market" sales program which permits us to conduct "at the market" public offerings of our common stock under a sales agreement, dated June 26, 2020, with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC ("JonesTrading") and D.A. Davidson & Co. ("D.A. Davidson"). We did not sell any shares under our at the market sales program during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Operating activities

Cash received from customers generally corresponds to our net revenues as our customers primarily use credit cards to buy from us causing our receivables from these sales transactions to settle quickly. We have payment terms with our partners that generally extend beyond the amount of time necessary to collect proceeds from our customers.

The $12.5 million of net cash used by continuing operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to income from continuing operations, adjusted for non-cash items, of $67.8 million, offset by cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $80.3 million.

The $98.0 million of net cash provided by continuing operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily due to income from continuing operations, adjusted for non-cash items, of $141.6 million, offset by cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $43.6 million.

Investing activities

The $33.0 million of net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to purchases of equity securities of $18.9 million and expenditures for property and equipment of $14.9 million.

The $56.4 million of net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily due to contributions for capital calls relating to our limited partnership interest in the Medici Ventures, L.P. fund of $41.1 million and expenditures for property and equipment of $13.6 million.

Financing activities

The $86.3 million net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2022 resulted primarily from $80.1 million for repurchases of our common stock and Series A-1 preferred stock under the Repurchase Program, $3.7 million of payments of taxes withheld upon vesting of restricted stock, and $3.4 million of payments on long-term debt.

The $12.7 million net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 resulted primarily from $8.3 million of payments of taxes withheld upon vesting of restricted stock and $3.0 million of payments on long-term debt.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022 and the effect such obligations and commitments are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):


	Payments due by period
Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
Operating leases (1)	$	8,718	$	4,816	$	3,569	$	333	$	—
Loan agreements (2)	49,331		5,264		3,261		2,968		37,838



Total contractual cash obligations	$	58,049	$	10,080	$	6,830	$	3,301	$	37,838

___________________________________________

(1) Represents the future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases. For information regarding our operating lease obligations, see Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 11—Leases contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(2) Represents future interest and principal payments on our financing agreements. For information regarding our financing agreements, see Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 10—Borrowings contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Tax contingencies

We are involved in various tax matters, the outcomes of which are uncertain. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, tax contingencies were $3.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively, which are included in our reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits (see Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 19—Income Taxes contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K). Changes in state, federal, and foreign tax laws may increase our tax contingencies. The timing of the resolution of income tax contingencies is highly uncertain, and the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ from the amounts accrued. It is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months we will receive additional assessments by various tax authorities. These assessments may or may not result in changes to our contingencies related to positions on prior years' tax filings.

Results of Operations

Net revenue, costs of goods sold, gross profit and gross margin

The following table summarizes our net revenue, costs of goods sold, gross profit and gross margin for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Net revenue	$	1,929,334		$	2,756,446
Cost of goods sold
Product costs and other cost of goods sold	1,409,197			2,026,363
Merchant fees, customer service, and other	76,793			106,181
Total cost of goods sold	1,485,990			2,132,544
Gross profit	$	443,344		$	623,902
Year-over-year percentage changes
Net revenue	(30.0)		%




Gross profit	(28.9)		%
Percent of total net revenue
Cost of goods sold
Product costs and other cost of goods sold	73.0		%	73.5		%
Merchant fees, customer service, and other	4.0		%	3.9		%
Total cost of goods sold	77.0		%	77.4		%
Gross margin	23.0		%	22.6		%

The 30% decrease in net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021, was primarily due to a 39% decrease in the number of customer orders, partially offset by a 15% increase in average order value driven by a continued product mix shift into furniture and home furnishings categories. This decreased order activity was largely driven by the absence of pandemic-related shopping behavior as seen in the prior year, the impact of macroeconomic factors including a heightened inflationary environment and uncertainty impacting consumer sentiment, a shift in consumer spending preferences, and our strategy to exit non-home categories.

We cannot estimate the impact that macroeconomic conditions, such as supply chain challenges, inflation, rising interest rates, or the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine will have on our business in the future due to the unpredictable nature of the ultimate development and duration of these conditions.

International net revenues were less than 1% of total net revenues for 2022 and 2021.

Estimate of unearned product revenue on undelivered product

Our revenue related to merchandise sales is recognized upon delivery to our customers. As we ship high volumes of packages through multiple carriers, it is not practical for us to track the actual delivery date of each shipment. Therefore, we use estimates to determine which shipments are delivered and, therefore, recognized as revenue at the end of the period. Our delivery date estimates are based on average shipping transit times. We review and update our estimates on a quarterly basis based on our actual transit time experience. However, actual shipping times may differ from our estimates, which can be further impacted by uncertainty, volatility, and any disruption to our carriers caused by certain macroeconomic conditions, such as supply chain challenges, inflation, rising interest rates, or the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

The following table shows the effect that hypothetical changes in the estimate of average shipping transit times would have on the reported amount of revenue and income before taxes (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
Change in the Estimate of Average Transit Times (Days)	Increase (Decrease) Revenue		Increase (Decrease) Income Before Income Taxes
2	$	(8,819)	$	(1,810)
1	$	(5,794)	$	(1,189)
As reported	As reported		As reported
(1)	$	3,702	$	760
(2)	$	6,776	$	1,392

Gross profit and gross margin

Our overall gross margins fluctuate based on competitive pricing; inventory management decisions; sales coupons and promotions; product mix of sales; advertising revenue and our marketing allowance program; and operational and fulfillment costs. Merchant fees, customer service, and other (previously labeled "Fulfillment and related costs") include merchant processing fees associated with customer payments made by credit cards and other payment methods and other variable fees, customer service costs, costs incurred to operate and staff our warehouses, including rent and depreciation expense associated with these facilities, costs to receive, inspect, pick, and prepare customer order for delivery, and direct and indirect labor costs including payroll, payroll-related benefits, and stock-based compensation, all of which we include as costs in calculating gross margin. Merchant fees, customer service, and other as a percentage of sales may vary due to several factors, such as our ability to effectively manage merchant fees, customer service costs, and warehouse costs. We believe that some companies in our industry, including some of our competitors, account for merchant fees, customer service, and other costs within operating expenses, and therefore exclude merchant fees, customer service, and other costs from gross margin. As a result, our gross margin may not be directly comparable to others in our industry.

Gross margins for the past eight quarterly periods and years ending December 31, 2022 and 2021 were:


	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		FY
2022	23.4	%	22.9	%	23.3	%	22.1	%	23.0	%
2021	23.3	%	22.0	%	22.7	%	22.7	%	22.6	%

Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased 29% compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to decreased sales volume and partially offset by an increase in gross margin. Gross margin increased to 23.0% for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 22.6% for the same period in 2021, primarily due to merchandising actions, advertising revenue, and operational efficiencies. The increase was partially offset by higher promotional discounting and carrier costs.

Operating expenses

Sales and marketing expenses

We use a variety of online advertising channels to attract new and repeat customers, including search engine marketing, personalized emails, mobile app, loyalty program, affiliate marketing, display banners, and social media. We also build our brand awareness through linear and streaming TV.

Costs associated with our discounted shipping and other promotions, such as coupons, are not included in sales and marketing expense. Rather, they are accounted for as a reduction in revenue as they reduce the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for goods or services and therefore affect net revenues and gross margin. We consider discounted shipping and other promotions, such as our policy for free shipping on orders, as an effective marketing tool.

The following table summarizes our sales and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Sales and marketing expenses	$	215,477		$	302,430
Advertising expense included in sales and marketing expenses	205,523			289,019
Year-over-year percentage change
Sales and marketing expenses	(28.8)		%
Advertising expense included in sales and marketing expenses	(28.9)		%
Percentage of net revenue
Sales and marketing expenses	11.2		%	11.0		%
Advertising expense included in sales and marketing expenses	10.7		%	10.5		%

The 20 basis point increase in sales and marketing expenses as a percent of net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021, was primarily due to increased brand advertising, partially offset by decreased performance marketing expenses.

Technology expenses

We seek to deploy our capital resources efficiently in technology to support operations including private and public cloud, web services, customer support solutions, and product search, and in technology to enhance the customer experience, including machine learning algorithms, improving our process efficiency, modernizing and expanding our systems, and supporting and expanding our logistics infrastructure. We expect to continue to incur technology expenses to support these efforts and these expenditures may continue to be material.

The frequency and variety of cyberattacks on our Website, enterprise systems, services, and on third parties we use to support our technology continues to increase. The impact of such attacks, their costs, and the costs we incur to protect ourselves against future attacks have not been material to date. However, we consider the risk introduced by cyberattacks to be serious and will continue to incur costs related to efforts to protect ourselves against them.

The following table summarizes our technology expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Technology expenses	$	121,158		$	123,001
Year-over-year percentage change
Technology expenses	(1.5)		%
Technology expenses as a percent of net revenue	6.3		%	4.5		%

The $1.8 million decrease in technology expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021, was primarily due to decreased third party spend and staff-related expenses. The decrease was partially offset by increased licensing costs.

General and administrative expenses

The following table summarizes our general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021
General and administrative expenses	$	79,701		$	87,399
Year-over-year percentage change
General and administrative expenses	(8.8)		%
General and administrative expenses as a percent of net revenue	4.1		%	3.2		%

The $7.7 million decrease in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021, was primarily driven by reduced legal, third-party vendor, and facilities-related expenses, partially offset by increased staff-related expenses.

Other income (expense), net

The $76.3 million decrease in other income (expense), net for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021, was primarily due to a $76.5 million decrease in income recognized on our equity method securities.

Income taxes

Our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was (4.1)% and (39.6)%, respectively. Our effective tax rate is affected by recurring items such as research tax credits and non-recurring items such as changes in valuation allowances. We record valuation allowances against deferred tax assets when there is uncertainty about our ability to generate future income in relevant jurisdictions. The impact that macroeconomic conditions, such as supply chain challenges, inflation, rising interest rates, or the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine will have on our business in the future make estimates of future income more challenging due to the unpredictable nature of the ultimate development and duration of these conditions. It is also affected to a lesser extent by tax rates in foreign jurisdictions and the relative amount of income we earn in those jurisdictions, which we expect to be fairly consistent in the near term. Our low effective tax rate is primarily attributable to an increase in our valuation allowance for capital loss deferred tax assets associated with unrealized losses on our equity method securities. Our tax expense increased as compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to the fact we no longer maintain a valuation allowance on most of our federal and state deferred tax assets.

We have indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings of $7.1 million at December 31, 2022. We would need to accrue and pay various taxes on this amount if repatriated. We do not intend to repatriate these earnings.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The SEC has defined a company's critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of the company's financial condition and results of operations, and which require the company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Based on this definition, we have identified the critical accounting policies, estimates and judgments addressed below. We also have other key accounting policies, which involve the use of estimates, judgments, and assumptions that are significant to understanding our results. For additional information, see Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"—Note 2—Accounting Policies and Supplemental Disclosures. We believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates. Our critical accounting policies are as follows:

•valuation of certain equity method securities carried at fair value.

Valuation of certain equity method securities carried at fair value

We measured certain equity method securities at fair value at the reporting date. In the absence of quoted market prices (e.g., a privately held entity), the fair value was determined in good faith under our valuation policy and process using generally accepted valuation approaches. We utilized an independent third party valuation firm to assist us in determining the fair value of our direct minority interest in tZERO using a market approach. The market approach relied upon market transaction valuations of the subject company, adjusted for enterprise value changes in guideline public companies. The fair value determination of our direct minority interest in tZERO required the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) as shown in the table within Note 2—Accounting Policies and Supplemental Disclosures, Equity securities accounted for under the equity method under ASC 323. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of Level 3 securities that do not have a readily available market value, the determination of fair value required significant judgment or estimation and changes in the estimates and assumptions used in the valuation models could materially affect the determination of fair value for these assets.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risk for the effect of interest rate changes, foreign currency fluctuations, and changes in the market values of our investments. Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about these market risks is set forth below.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The fair value of our cash and cash equivalents (highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the date of purchase) would not be significantly affected by either an increase or decrease in interest rates due mainly to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Our loan agreements carry a fixed blended annual interest rate of 4.45%. As a result, we have no direct financial statement risk associated with changes in interest rates.

Foreign Currency Risk

Most of our sales and operating expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore, our total revenue and operating expenses are not currently subject to significant foreign currency risk.

Inflation

Increases in commodity and shipping prices and energy and labor costs have resulted in inflationary pressures across various parts of our business and operations, including our partners and supply chain. We continue to monitor the impact of inflation in order to minimize its effects on our customers. We work with our partners to limit the amount of cost increases that are passed on through higher pricing. If costs borne by ourselves or our partners were to be subject to incremental inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through pricing actions or other cost efficiency measures. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Investment Risk

The fair values of our equity securities may be subject to fluctuations due to volatility of the stock market in general, investment-specific circumstances, and changes in general economic conditions. At December 31, 2022, our recorded value in equity securities in public and private companies was $296.3 million, compared to $342.7 million at December 31, 2021, of which $36,000 relates to publicly traded companies, compared to $174,000 at December 31, 2021, recorded at fair value, which are subject to market price volatility. For our equity interest in Medici Ventures, L.P., we record our proportionate share of the entity's reported net income or loss, which reflects the fair value changes of the underlying investments of the entity and any other income or losses of the entity. We have elected to account for our direct minority interests in tZERO and SpeedRoute using the fair value option. Our assessment includes a review of recent operating results and trends, recent sales/acquisitions of the equity securities, other publicly available data, and the use of third-party valuation experts, as needed. Valuations of private companies are inherently more complex due to the lack of readily available market data. As such, we believe that market sensitivities are not practicable.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			38
Consolidated Balance Sheets			40
Consolidated Statements of Operations			41
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)			42
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity			43
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			46
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			48
Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts			76

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Overstock.com, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Overstock.com, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule II (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 24, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Valuation of certain equity method securities

As discussed in Notes 2 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company values certain equity method securities using a market transaction backsolve approach adjusted for enterprise value changes in guideline public companies. As of December 31, 2022, the Company reported the carrying amount of its equity method securities was $296.3 million, a portion of which related to certain equity method securities valued using this approach.

We identified the valuation of certain equity method securities using a market transaction backsolve approach adjusted for enterprise value changes in guideline public companies as a critical audit matter. A high degree of subjective auditor judgment was required in evaluating the selection of the percentage change in enterprise value for guideline public companies. The valuation was sensitive to reasonably possible changes to this assumption.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company's fair value determination process for equity method securities carried at fair value, including a control related to the development of the percentage change in

enterprise value for guideline public companies. We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in evaluating the selected percentage change in enterprise value for guideline public companies by comparing the selected percentage change to a range of percentages independently developed using publicly available data for comparable entities.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2009.

Salt Lake City, Utah

February 24, 2023

Overstock.com, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share data)


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	371,263	$	503,341
Restricted cash	194		25

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $3,223 and $2,429	17,693		21,190

Inventories	6,526		5,137
Prepaids and other current assets	18,833		22,097

Total current assets	414,509		551,790
Property and equipment, net	109,906		109,479
Deferred tax assets, net	41,439		40,035

Goodwill	6,160		6,160
Equity securities, including securities measured at fair value of $82,823 and $102,529	296,317		342,682
Operating lease right-of-use assets	7,460		12,584
Other long-term assets, net	2,755		3,236

Total assets	$	878,546	$	1,065,966
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	75,130	$	102,293
Accrued liabilities	63,614		101,902
Unearned revenue	44,480		59,387
Operating lease liabilities, current	4,410		5,402
Other current liabilities	3,508		3,349

Total current liabilities	191,142		272,333
Long-term debt, net	34,476		37,984

Operating lease liabilities, non-current	3,626		7,960
Other long-term liabilities	3,476		3,303

Total liabilities	232,720		321,580
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized shares - 5,000

Series A-1, issued and outstanding - 0 and 4,204	—		—
Series B, issued and outstanding - 0 and 357	—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized shares - 100,000
Issued shares - 51,102 and 46,625
Outstanding shares - 44,951 and 43,023	5		4
Additional paid-in capital	982,718		960,544
Accumulated deficit	(173,829)		(136,590)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(522)		(537)
Treasury stock at cost - 6,151 and 3,602	(162,546)		(79,035)
Equity attributable to stockholders of Overstock.com, Inc.	645,826		744,386
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—
Total stockholders' equity	645,826		744,386
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	878,546	$	1,065,966

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Overstock.com, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

Net revenue	$	1,929,334	$	2,756,446	$	2,493,915



Cost of goods sold	1,485,990		2,132,544		1,922,559


Gross profit	443,344		623,902		571,356
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	215,477		302,430		260,714
Technology	121,158		123,001		116,248
General and administrative	79,701		87,399		97,679


Total operating expenses	416,336		512,830		474,641
Operating income	27,008		111,072		96,715
Interest income (expense), net	2,965		(556)		(838)
Other income (expense), net	(63,825)		12,500		613
Income (loss) before income taxes from continuing operations	(33,852)		123,016		96,490
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	1,384		(48,775)		1,363
Income (loss) from continuing operations	(35,236)		171,791		95,127
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—		217,246		(48,956)
Consolidated net income (loss)	$	(35,236)	$	389,037	$	46,171
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests from discontinued operations	—		(335)		(9,830)
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders of Overstock.com, Inc.	$	(35,236)	$	389,372	$	56,001
Net income (loss) attributable to common shares—basic
Continuing operations	$	(0.83)	$	3.60	$	2.13
Discontinued operations	—		4.58		(0.88)
Total	$	(0.83)	$	8.18	$	1.25
Net income (loss) attributable to common shares—diluted
Continuing operations	$	(0.83)	$	3.57	$	2.12
Discontinued operations	—		4.54		(0.88)
Total	$	(0.83)	$	8.11	$	1.24
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic	44,323		42,981		41,217
Diluted	44,323		43,332		41,607

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Overstock.com, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Consolidated net income (loss)	$	(35,236)	$	389,037	$	46,171
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $0, $0 and $0	15		16		15
Other comprehensive income	15		16		15
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(35,221)	$	389,053	$	46,186
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests—discontinued operations	—		(335)		(9,830)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to stockholders of Overstock.com, Inc.	$	(35,221)	$	389,388	$	56,016

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


Overstock.com, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (in thousands, except per share data)
	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Equity attributable to stockholders of Overstock.com, Inc.
Shares of common stock issued
Balance at beginning of year	46,625		46,331		42,790
Common stock issued upon vesting of restricted stock	295		294		710
Common stock issued for ESPP purchases	84		—		—

Conversion of preferred stock	4,098		—		—
Common stock sold through offerings	—		—		2,831

Balance at end of year	51,102		46,625		46,331
Shares of treasury stock
Balance at beginning of year	3,602		3,563		3,326
Repurchases of common stock	2,461		—		—
Tax withholding upon vesting of employee stock awards	88		86		237
Sale of treasury stock	—		(47)		—

Balance at end of year	6,151		3,602		3,563
Total shares of common stock outstanding	44,951		43,023		42,768
Common stock
Balance at beginning of year	$	4	$	4	$	4
Conversion and elimination of preferred stock	1		—		—
Balance at end of year	$	5	$	4	$	4





Shares of Series A-1 preferred stock issued
Balance at beginning of year	4,204		4,204		4,210
Conversion and elimination of preferred stock	(4,204)		—		—


Shares declared, not distributed	—		—		(6)
Balance at end of year	—		4,204		4,204
Shares of treasury stock
Balance at beginning of year	—		—		—
Repurchases of shares	7		—		—
Conversion and elimination of preferred stock	(7)		—		—
Balance at end of year	—		—		—
Total shares of Series A-1 preferred stock outstanding	—		4,204		4,204
Shares of Series B Preferred stock issued and outstanding
Balance at beginning of year	357		357		357

Conversion and elimination of preferred stock	(357)		—		—
Balance at end of year	—		357		357
Preferred stock	$	—	$	—	$	—

Continued on the following page


Overstock.com, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (in thousands, except per share data)
	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of year	$	960,544	$	970,873	$	764,845
Stock-based compensation to employees and directors	18,318		11,700		12,930
Common stock issued for ESPP purchases	2,779		—		—

Conversion and elimination of preferred stock	1,043		—		—
Sale of treasury stock	—		2,726		—
Subsidiary equity award tender offer	—		(2,130)		—
Change in noncontrolling interest ownership	—		(22,625)		—
Common stock sold through offerings, net	—		—		192,692

Other	34		—		406
Balance at end of year	$	982,718	$	960,544	$	970,873
Accumulated deficit
Balance at beginning of year	$	(136,590)	$	(525,233)	$	(580,390)

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders of Overstock.com, Inc.	(35,236)		389,372		56,001
Dividend issued upon conversion and elimination of preferred stock	(1,697)		—		—
Conversion and elimination of preferred stock	(306)		—		—
Declaration and payment of preferred dividends	—		(729)		(731)
Other	—		—		(113)
Balance at end of year	$	(173,829)	$	(136,590)	$	(525,233)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at beginning of year	$	(537)	$	(553)	$	(568)
Net other comprehensive income	15		16		15
Balance at end of year	$	(522)	$	(537)	$	(553)
Treasury stock
Balance at beginning of year	$	(79,035)	$	(71,399)	$	(68,807)
Repurchases of common and Series A-1 preferred stock	(80,117)		—		—
Tax withholding upon vesting of restricted stock	(3,700)		(8,279)		(2,592)
Conversion and elimination of preferred stock	306		—		—
Sale of treasury stock	—		643		—

Balance at end of year	(162,546)		(79,035)		(71,399)
Total equity attributable to stockholders of Overstock.com, Inc.	$	645,826	$	744,386	$	373,692

Continued on the following page


Overstock.com, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (in thousands, except per share data)
	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests
Balance at beginning of year	$	—	$	62,634	$	62,771



Paid in capital for noncontrolling interest	—		—		5,000
Fair value of noncontrolling interest at acquisition	—		—		3,320
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		(335)		(9,830)
Change in noncontrolling interest ownership	—		22,625		—
Deconsolidation of subsidiaries	—		(84,924)		1,837
Other	—		—		(464)
Total equity attributable to noncontrolling interests	$	—	$	—	$	62,634

Total stockholders' equity	$	645,826	$	744,386	$	436,326

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


Overstock.com, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands)


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Consolidated net income (loss)	$	(35,236)	$	389,037	$	46,171
(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—		(217,246)		48,956
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:


Depreciation and amortization	16,706		18,564		21,776
Non-cash operating lease cost	5,304		5,021		4,971
Stock-based compensation to employees and directors	18,318		11,133		7,841
(Increase) decrease in deferred tax assets, net	(1,404)		(53,829)		35





(Income) loss from equity method securities	63,923		(12,585)		—





Other non-cash adjustments	185		1,537		(542)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Accounts receivable, net	3,805		1,677		(6,715)
Inventories	(1,389)		1,106		(403)

Prepaids and other current assets	4,076		2,958		(5,358)
Other long-term assets, net	(1,116)		(1,755)		(264)
Accounts payable	(28,821)		(7,787)		34,428
Accrued liabilities	(36,625)		(21,595)		48,907
Unearned revenue	(14,907)		(12,778)		31,049
Operating lease liabilities	(5,527)		(5,261)		(5,995)
Other long-term liabilities	173		(150)		1,769
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operating activities	(12,535)		98,047		226,626
Net cash used in discontinued operating activities	—		(17,128)		(30,152)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(12,535)		80,919		196,474
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of equity securities	(18,920)		—		—



Contributions for capital calls	—		(41,122)		—
Capital distribution from investment	1,224		—		—




Expenditures for property and equipment	(14,899)		(13,617)		(14,874)

Other investing activities, net	(439)		(1,694)		(397)
Net cash used in continuing investing activities	(33,034)		(56,433)		(15,271)
Net cash used in discontinued investing activities	—		(29,703)		(8,284)
Net cash used in investing activities	(33,034)		(86,136)		(23,555)

Continued on the following page


Overstock.com, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands)
	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Cash flows from financing activities:


Repurchase of shares	(80,117)		—		—




Payments on long-term debt	(3,447)		(3,030)		(2,635)
Proceeds from long-term debt	—		—		47,500




Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of offering costs	—		—		195,540


Payments of taxes withheld upon vesting of employee stock awards	(3,700)		(8,279)		(2,592)
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	924		—		—
Other financing activities, net	—		(1,374)		(6,449)
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing financing activities	(86,340)		(12,683)		231,364
Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities	—		2,085		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(86,340)		(10,598)		231,364
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(131,909)		(15,815)		404,283
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year, inclusive of cash balances of discontinued operations	503,366		519,181		114,898
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year, inclusive of cash balances of discontinued operations	371,457		503,366		519,181
Less: Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of discontinued operations	—		—		22,559
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year	$	371,457	$	503,366	$	496,622

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Overstock.com, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Business and organization

As used herein, "Overstock," "Overstock.com," "the Company," "we," "our" and similar terms include Overstock.com, Inc. and our majority-owned subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. We were formed on May 5, 1997 as D2-Discounts Direct, a limited liability company ("LLC"). On December 30, 1998, we were reorganized as a C Corporation in the State of Utah and reincorporated in Delaware in May 2002. On October 25, 1999, we changed our name to Overstock.com, Inc.

Through our online business, we offer a wide selection of quality furniture, décor, area rugs, bedding and bath, home improvement, outdoor, and kitchen and dining items, among others. We sell our products and services through our Internet websites located at www.overstock.com, www.o.co, www.overstock.ca, and www.overstockgovernment.com (referred to collectively as the "Website") and through our mobile app. Although our four websites are located at different domain addresses, the technology, equipment, and processes supporting the Website and the process of order fulfillment described herein are the same for all four websites.

Basis of presentation

We have prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). Preparing financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts that are reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Although these estimates are based on our best knowledge of current events and actions that we may undertake in the future, our actual results may be different from our estimates. The results of operations presented herein are not necessarily indicative of our results for any future period.

Unless otherwise specified, disclosures in these consolidated financial statements reflect continuing operations only. The operating results for Medici Ventures Inc. ("Medici Ventures") and tZERO Group, Inc. ("tZERO"), our former subsidiaries, for the periods prior to their deconsolidation have been reflected in our consolidated statements of operations as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Certain prior period data, primarily related to discontinued operations, have been reclassified in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to conform to the current period presentation. See Note 4—Discontinued Operations for further information.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent liabilities in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, receivables valuation, revenue recognition, Club O and gift card breakage, sales returns, inventory valuation, depreciable lives, equity securities valuation, income taxes, stock-based compensation, performance-based compensation, self-funded health insurance liabilities, and contingencies. Although these estimates are based on our best knowledge of current events and actions that we may undertake in the future, to the extent there are differences between these estimates and actual results, our consolidated financial statements may be materially affected.

Supplemental cash flow information

The following table shows supplemental cash flow information (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period:
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized	$	1,777	$	1,775	$	1,808
Income taxes paid, net	2,562		2,262		1,452
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	2,527	$	508	$	336

See also Note 11—Leases for additional supplemental disclosures of cash flow information related to our leases.

Cash equivalents

We classify all highly liquid instruments, including instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, as cash equivalents.

Restricted cash

We consider cash that is legally restricted and cash that is held as compensating balances for credit arrangements as restricted cash.

Fair value of financial instruments

We account for our assets and liabilities using a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the fair-value hierarchy below. This hierarchy requires us to minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to use observable market data, if available, when determining fair value.

•Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

•Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

•Level 3—Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

Our assets and liabilities that are adjusted to fair value on a recurring basis are cash equivalents, our equity securities under ASC 321, and deferred compensation liabilities, which fair values are determined using quoted market prices from daily exchange traded markets on the closing price as of the balance sheet date and are classified as Level 1. Our equity securities under ASC 323 accounted for under the fair value option are measured on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (level 3). Our other financial instruments, including cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, finance obligations, and debt are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value. Certain assets, including long-lived assets, certain equity securities under ASC 323, goodwill, cryptocurrencies, and other intangible assets, are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments using fair value measurements with unobservable inputs (level 3), apart from cryptocurrencies which use quoted prices from various digital currency exchanges with active markets in certain circumstances (e.g., when there is evidence of impairment).

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable consist primarily of trade amounts due from customers in the United States and uncleared credit card transactions at period end. Accounts receivables are recorded at invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. We maintain an allowance for expected credit losses based upon our business customers' financial condition and payment history, our historical collection experience, and any future expected economic conditions.

Inventories

Inventories include merchandise acquired for resale and processed returns which are accounted for using a standard costing system which approximates the first-in-first-out ("FIFO") method of accounting and are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Inventory valuation requires us to make judgments, based on currently available information, about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual customers, returns to product vendors, liquidations, and expected recoverable values of each disposition category.

Prepaids and other current assets

Prepaids and other current assets represent expenses paid prior to receipt of the related goods or services, including advertising, license fees, maintenance, packaging, insurance, prepaid inventories, other miscellaneous costs, and cryptocurrencies.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and stated net of depreciation and amortization. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets or the term of the related finance lease, whichever is shorter, as follows:


			Life (years)
Building			40
Land improvements			20
Building machinery and equipment			15-20
Furniture and equipment			5-7
Computer hardware			3-4
Computer software, including internal-use software and website development			2-4

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the related leases or estimated useful lives.

Included in property and equipment is the capitalized cost of internal-use software and website development, including software used to upgrade and enhance our Website and processes supporting our business. We capitalize costs incurred during the application development stage of internal-use software and amortize these costs over the estimated useful life. Costs incurred related to design or maintenance of internal-use software are expensed as incurred.

Upon sale or retirement of assets, cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in our consolidated statements of operations.

Initial valuation of retained noncontrolling interest in former subsidiaries

During the second quarter of 2021, we measured our retained noncontrolling interest in former subsidiaries at fair value at the date of deconsolidation. In the absence of quoted market prices (since the equity of these entities is not traded on a public market), the fair value was determined in good faith under our valuation policy and process using generally accepted valuation approaches. We utilized an independent third party valuation firm to assist us in determining the fair values of our retained noncontrolling interest in former subsidiaries using a combination of a market approach and income approach. The market approach relied upon a comparison with guideline public companies or guideline transactions and entails selecting relevant financial information of the subject company, and capitalizing those amounts using valuation multiples that are based on empirical market observations. The income approach relied upon an analysis of its projected economic earnings discounted to present value (discounted cash flows). The fair value determination of our retained noncontrolling interest required the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) as shown in the table within Note 4—Discontinued Operations. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of Level 3 securities that do not have a readily available market value, the determination of fair value required significant judgment or estimation and changes in the estimates and assumptions used in the valuation models could materially affect the determination of fair value for these assets. See Note 4—Discontinued Operations for further information.

Equity securities under ASC 321

At December 31, 2022, we held minority interests (less than 20%) in certain public entities, accounted for under ASC Topic 321, Investments—Equity Securities ("ASC 321"), which are included in Equity securities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. We measure our ASC 321 equity securities at fair value (based on Level 1 inputs) with changes in fair value recorded in Other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Dividends received are reported in earnings if and when received.

Equity securities accounted for under the equity method under ASC 323

At December 31, 2022, we held minority interests in privately held entities, Medici Ventures, L.P., tZERO, and SpeedRoute, LLC ("SpeedRoute"), accounted for under the equity method under ASC Topic 323, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures ("ASC 323"), which are included in Equity securities in our consolidated balance sheets. We can exercise significant influence, but not control, over these entities through holding more than a 20% voting interest.

Based on the nature of our ownership interests and the extent of our contributed capital, we held a variable interest in Medici Ventures, L.P. and SpeedRoute, both of which meet the definition of variable interest entities; however, we are not the primary beneficiary of these entities for purposes of consolidation as we do not have the power (either explicit or implicit), through voting rights or otherwise, to direct the activities of Medici Ventures, L.P. and SpeedRoute that most significantly impact their economic performance. Our investments in these variable interest entities totaled $217.4 million as of December 31, 2022, representing our maximum exposures to loss.

We record our proportionate share of Medici Ventures, L.P.'s net assets assuming the entity (i) liquidated its net assets at their book values and (ii) distributed the proceeds to the investors based on the distribution waterfall in the investment agreement, which reflects the fair value changes of the underlying investments of the entity, any investor-level adjustments, and any other operating income or losses of the entity, in Other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations with corresponding adjustments to the carrying value of the asset. If such events or circumstances have occurred that may indicate the fair value of our equity interest is less than its carrying value, we estimate the fair value of our equity interest and recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the fair value of the security and its carrying value which is recorded in Other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. There is no difference between the carrying amount of our investment in the entity and the amount of underlying equity we have in the entity's net assets.

We have elected to apply the fair value option for valuing our direct minority interests in tZERO and SpeedRoute as we determined that accounting for our direct minority interests in tZERO and SpeedRoute under the fair value option would approximate the same valuation approach used by Medici Ventures, L.P. for valuing our indirect interest in tZERO and SpeedRoute and would be the most meaningful and transparent option for evaluating our continued exposure to the economics of tZERO and SpeedRoute. The fair value was determined in good faith under our valuation policy and process using generally accepted valuation approaches through the use of a third-party valuation firm. Our assessment includes a review of recent operating results and trends, recent sales/acquisitions of the equity securities, and other publicly available data.

The methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of our direct minority interests in tZERO under the fair value option include using a market approach. The market approach relied upon market transaction valuations of the subject company, adjusted for enterprise value changes in guideline public companies. Due to the new Series B financing round led by the Intercontinental Exchange, the valuation approach used for valuing our direct interest in tZERO changed to a market approach using a transaction backsolve with an option pricing model valuation technique in the current period compared to a market approach with guideline public companies and income approach valuation technique in the prior period. The methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of our direct minority interests in SpeedRoute under the fair value option include using a market approach based on recent market transaction valuations.

The following table summarizes the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of our Level 3 equity securities:

Investment

Fair Value

Valuation technique

Unobservable inputs

Inputs

tZERO

78,867

Market approach - transaction backsolve with an option pricing model

Term to liquidity

5.0 years

Volatility

125%

Percentage change in enterprise value for guideline public companies

(32.4)%

SpeedRoute

3,920

Market approach - recent transactions

N/A

Total

82,787

A significant change in the term to liquidity, volatility, or percentage change in enterprise value for guideline public companies inputs could result in a significant change in the fair value measurement.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. We account for lease agreements as either operating or finance leases depending on certain defined criteria. Operating leases are recognized in Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, Operating lease liabilities, current, and Operating lease liabilities, non-current on our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in Other long-term assets, net, Other current liabilities, and Other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. In certain of our lease agreements, we receive rent holidays and other incentives. We recognize lease costs on a straight-line basis over the lease term without regard to deferred payment terms, such as rent holidays, that defer the commencement date of required payments. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, and we adjust our measurement of the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease payments used in measurement of the lease liability typically do not include executory costs, such as taxes, insurance, and maintenance, unless those costs can be reasonably estimated at lease commencement. Leasehold improvements are capitalized at cost and amortized over the lesser of their expected useful life or the life of the lease, without assuming renewal features, if any, are exercised. We do not separate lease and non-lease components for our leases.

Treasury stock

We account for treasury stock of our common shares under the cost method and include treasury stock as a component of stockholders' equity.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually or when we deem that a triggering event has occurred. When evaluating whether goodwill is impaired, we make a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount, we compare the fair value of the reporting unit to which the goodwill is assigned to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the reporting unit, not to exceed the carrying amount of the goodwill. There were no impairments to goodwill recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 and no other changes to the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Our goodwill balance of $6.2 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is net of accumulated impairment losses and other adjustments of $3.3 million.

Impairment of long-lived assets

We review property and equipment, right-of-use assets, and other long-lived assets, including intangible assets other than goodwill, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the assets' carrying amount to future undiscounted net cash flows the asset group is expected to generate. Cash flow forecasts are based on trends of historical performance and management's estimate of future performance, giving consideration to existing and anticipated competitive and economic conditions. If such asset group is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair values. There were no impairments to long-lived assets recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Other long-term assets, net

Other long-term assets, net consist primarily of long-term prepaid expenses and deposits.

Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized when, or as, control of a promised product or service transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring those products or services. Revenue excludes taxes that have been assessed by governmental authorities and that are directly imposed on revenue-producing transactions between the Company and its customers, including sales and use taxes. Revenue recognition is evaluated through the following five-step process:

1) identification of the contract with a customer;

2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

3) determination of the transaction price;

4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

5) recognition of revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.

Product Revenue

We derive our revenue primarily through our Website but may also derive revenue from sales of merchandise through other channels. Our revenue is derived primarily from merchandise sold at a point in time and shipped to customers. Merchandise sales are fulfilled with inventory sourced through our partners or from our owned inventory. The vast majority of our sales, however, are fulfilled from inventory sourced through our partners.

Revenue is recognized when control of the product passes to the customer, typically at the date of delivery of the merchandise to the customer or the date a service is provided and is recognized in an amount that reflects the expected consideration to be received in exchange for such goods or services. As such, customer orders are recorded as unearned revenue prior to delivery of products or services ordered. As we ship high volumes of packages through multiple carriers, we use estimates to determine which shipments are delivered and, therefore, recognized as revenue at the end of the period. Our delivery date estimates are based on average shipping transit times, which are calculated using the following factors: (i) the type of shipping carrier (as carriers have different in-transit times); (ii) the fulfillment source (either our warehouses, those warehouses we control, or those of our partners); (iii) the delivery destination; and (iv) actual transit time experience, which shows that delivery date is typically one to eight business days from the date of shipment. We review and update our estimates on a quarterly basis based on our actual transit time experience. However, actual shipping times may differ from our estimates.

Generally, we require authorization from credit card or other payment vendors whose services we offer to our customers (such as PayPal, Apple Pay, Klarna), or verification of receipt of payment, before we ship products to consumers or business purchasers. We generally receive payments from our customers before our payments to our suppliers are due. We do not recognize assets associated with costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer.

Shipping and handling is considered a fulfillment activity, as it takes place prior to the customer obtaining control of the merchandise, and fees charged to customers are included in net revenue upon completion of our performance obligation. We present revenue net of sales taxes, discounts, and expected refunds.

Our merchandise sales contracts include terms that could cause variability in the transaction price for items such as discounts, credits, or sales returns. Accordingly, the transaction price for product sales includes estimates of variable consideration to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. At the time of sale, we estimate a sales return liability for the variable consideration based on historical experience, which is recorded within Accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. We record an allowance for returns based on current period revenues and historical returns experience. We analyze actual historical returns, current economic trends and changes in order volume and acceptance of our products when evaluating the adequacy of the sales returns allowance in any accounting period.

We evaluate the criteria outlined in ASC 606-10-55, Principal versus Agent Considerations, in determining whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of merchandise sales and related costs or the net amount earned as commissions. When we are the principal in a transaction and control the specific good or service before it is transferred to the customer, revenue is recorded gross; otherwise, revenue is recorded on a net basis. Through contractual terms with our partners, we have the ability to control the promised goods or services and as a result record the majority of our revenue on a gross basis.

Club O loyalty program

We have a customer loyalty program called Club O for which we sell annual memberships. For Club O memberships, we record membership fees as unearned revenue and we recognize revenue ratably over the membership period.

The Club O loyalty program allows members to earn Club O Reward dollars for qualifying purchases made on our Website. As such, the initial transaction price giving rise to the reward dollar is allocated to each separate performance obligation based upon its relative standalone selling price. In determining the stand-alone selling price, we incorporate assumptions about the redemption rates of loyalty points. We recognize revenue for Club O Reward dollars when customers redeem such rewards as part of a purchase on our Website.

We record the standalone value of reward dollars earned in unearned revenue at the time the reward dollars are earned. Club O Reward dollars expire 90 days after the customer's Club O membership expires. We recognize estimated reward dollar breakage, to which we expect to be entitled, over the expected redemption period in proportion to actual redemptions by customers.

Advertising Revenue

Advertising revenues are derived primarily from sponsored links and display advertisements that are placed on our Website, distributed via email, or sent out as direct mailers. Advertising revenue is recognized in revenue when the advertising services are rendered. Advertising revenues were approximately 2% of total net revenues for all periods presented.

Unearned Revenue

When the timing of our provision of goods or services is different from the timing of the payments made by our customers, we recognize a contract liability (customer payment precedes performance).

Customer orders are recorded as unearned revenue when payment is received prior to delivery of products or services ordered. We record amounts received for Club O membership fees as unearned revenue and we recognize it ratably over the membership period. We record Club O Reward dollars earned from purchases as unearned revenue at the time they are earned based upon the relative standalone selling price of the Club O Reward dollar and we recognize it as revenue in proportion to the estimated pattern of rights exercised by the customer. If reward dollars are not redeemed, we recognize revenue upon expiration. In addition, we sell gift cards and record related unearned revenue at the time of the sale. We sell gift cards without expiration dates and we recognize revenue from a gift card upon redemption of the gift card. The unredeemed portion of our gift cards are recognized in revenue over the expected redemption period based upon the estimated pattern of rights exercised by the customer, if the gift cards are not subject to escheat laws.

Sales returns allowance

Revenue is recorded net of estimated returns. We record an allowance for returns based on current period revenues and historical returns experience. We analyze actual historical returns, current economic trends and changes in order volume and acceptance of our products when evaluating the adequacy of the sales returns allowance in any accounting period.

Cost of goods sold

Our cost of goods sold includes product costs, warehousing costs, outbound shipping costs, handling and fulfillment costs, customer service costs, and merchant fees, and is recorded in the same period in which related revenues have been recorded.

Advertising expense

We expense the costs of producing advertisements the first time the advertising takes place and expense the cost of communicating advertising in the period during which the advertising space or airtime is used. Internet advertising expenses are recognized as incurred based on the terms of the individual agreements, which are generally: 1) a commission for traffic driven to our Website that generates a sale or 2) a referral fee based on the number of clicks on keywords or links to our Website generated during a given period. Advertising expense is included in Sales and marketing expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Prepaid advertising is included in Prepaids and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-based compensation

We measure compensation expense for our outstanding unvested restricted stock awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognize compensation expense over the service period for awards at the greater of a straight-line basis or on an accelerated schedule when vesting of the share-based awards exceeds a straight-line basis. When an award is forfeited prior to the vesting date, we recognize an adjustment for the previously recognized expense in the period of the forfeiture. See Note 15—Stock-Based Awards.

We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of our employee stock purchase plan shares. The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model is affected by our stock price and assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include our expected stock price volatility over the expected term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, a risk-free interest rate and any expected dividends.

Loss contingencies

In the normal course of business, we are involved in legal proceedings and other potential loss contingencies. We accrue a liability for such matters when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount, or range of amounts, can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of probable loss can be estimated, the most probable amount in the range is accrued. If no amount within this range is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. We expense legal fees as incurred (See Note 12—Commitments and Contingencies).

Income taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including projected future taxable income, scheduled reversals of our deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies, and results of recent operations. Our projections of future taxable income are subject to change due to economic outlook, political climate, and other conditions such as supply chain challenges, inflation, rising interest rates, and other macroeconomic conditions, and judgment is required in determining our ability to use our deferred tax assets.

We record uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated income statements. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability line in our consolidated balance sheets.

Net income (loss) per share

Our Series A-1 preferred stock and Series B preferred stock (collectively, the "Preferred Shares") were considered participating securities, and as a result, net income (loss) per share has historically been calculated using the two-class method. Under this method, we give effect to preferred dividends and then allocate undistributed net income (loss) attributable to participating securities (based on the weighted average percentage of shares outstanding) in determining net income (loss) attributable to common shares. In periods of net loss, a determination is also made on whether a participating security holder has an obligation to share in the losses before allocating to participating securities. As of December 31, 2022, there were no participating securities following our preferred stock conversion. See Note 14—Stockholders' Equity, Preferred stock conversion, for further information.

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common and potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares, comprising incremental common shares issuable from the employee stock purchase plan and restricted stock awards are included in the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share to the extent such shares are dilutive.

3. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

The following tables summarize our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the following levels of inputs as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, as indicated (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Cash equivalents—Money market mutual funds	$	252,650	$	252,650	$	—	$	—
Equity securities, at fair value	82,823		36		—		82,787

Trading securities held in a "rabbi trust" (1)	399		399		—		—
Total assets	$	335,872	$	253,085	$	—	$	82,787
Liabilities:

Deferred compensation accrual "rabbi trust" (2)	$	396	$	396	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	396	$	396	$	—	$	—


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Cash equivalents—Money market mutual funds	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Equity securities, at fair value	102,529		174		—		102,355

Trading securities held in a "rabbi trust" (1)	179		179		—		—
Total assets	$	102,708	$	353	$	—	$	102,355
Liabilities:

Deferred compensation accrual "rabbi trust" (2)	$	188	$	188	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	188	$	188	$	—	$	—

___________________________________________

(1) Trading securities held in a rabbi trust are included in Other long-term assets, net in the consolidated balance sheets.

(2) Non-qualified deferred compensation in a rabbi trust is included in Accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table provides activity for our Level 3 investments during the periods presented (in thousands):


	Amount
Level 3 investments at December 31, 2020	$	—
Increase due to acquisition of Level 3 investments	99,723
Increase in fair value of Level 3 investments	2,632
Level 3 investments at December 31, 2021	102,355
Increase due to purchases of Level 3 investments	18,920
Decrease in fair value of Level 3 investments	(38,488)
Level 3 investments at December 31, 2022	$	82,787

4. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

On January 25, 2021, we entered into an agreement with Medici Ventures, Pelion, and Pelion, Inc. (the "Medici Closing"), pursuant to which Medici Ventures converted to a Delaware limited partnership (the "Partnership") and Pelion became the sole general partner of the Partnership, and we became the limited partner of the Partnership. The term of the Partnership is eight years. A tZERO debt conversion was completed during the quarter ended March 31, 2021, following which Medici Ventures and Overstock held approximately 42% and 41%, respectively, of tZERO's outstanding common stock. On April 23, 2021, we entered into the Limited Partnership Agreement with Pelion, pursuant to which Pelion became the sole general partner, holding a 1% equity interest in the Partnership, and Overstock became a limited partner, holding a 99% equity interest in the Partnership. Our retained equity interest in these entities are classified as equity method securities as we are deemed to have significant influence, but not control, over these entities through holding more than a 20% interest in the entity.

At the Medici Closing, our retained equity interest in the Partnership and our direct minority interest in tZERO had a fair value of $288.8 million, inclusive of $3.4 million of capital calls funded at the Medici Closing. The fair value of these equity securities at the Medici Closing was estimated by taking the mid-point from a valuation range using a weighting of multiple valuation techniques on the underlying components of the equity securities to calculate a fair value for the whole, including discounted cash flow models and market transactional data, both of which incorporate significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Approximately $149.9 million of the total $288.8 million Level 3 equity securities have been valued using unadjusted inputs that have not been internally developed by management, including third-party transactions and quotations. The significant unobservable inputs used in the $288.8 million fair value measurement of these Level 3 equity securities at the Medici Closing are summarized as follows:


Valuation technique	Unobservable inputs	Range (1)	Weighted average (2)
Market approach	Enterprise value to revenue multiple	0.88x	0.88x
Discounted cash flows - exit multiple	Discount rate	9.0% - 35.0%	32.4%
	Enterprise value to revenue multiple	0.75x - 5.00x	4.40x
	Projected terminal year	2023 - 2027	2025
	Annual revenue growth rate	1.3% - 124.0%	109.4%
	Annual EBITDA % of revenues	5.2% - 41.2%	36.3%
Discounted cash flows - perpetual growth	Discount rate	30.0%	30.0%
	Projected terminal year	2028	2028
	Perpetual revenue growth rate	3.0%	3.0%
	Annual revenue growth rate	25.7%	25.7%
	Annual EBITDA % of revenues	14.9%	14.9%

__________________________________________

(1) — The range for the Annual revenue growth rate and Annual EBITDA % of revenues are based on the weighted average metrics for the annual periods of the separate cash flow models for the respective component.

(2) — Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value based on the fair value of the underlying components subjected to the identified valuation technique. For projected terminal year, the amount represents the median of the inputs and is not a weighted average.

We recognized a $243.5 million gain upon deconsolidation of these entities which primarily relates to the remeasurement of our retained equity method interest in the Partnership and our direct minority interest in tZERO at fair value, which was included in our consolidated statements of operations as part of Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes. We completed the entire funding of our $44.6 million capital commitment consistent with our proportional ownership interest, which was completed and funded in the second quarter of 2021.

Results of discontinued operations through the transaction date were as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
		2022		2021		2020
Net revenue		$	—	$	17,394	$	55,868
Cost of goods sold		—		13,716		47,691
Gross profit		—		3,678		8,177
Operating expenses
Technology		—		7,133		20,750
Selling, general, and administrative		—		13,509		31,916
Total operating expenses		—		20,642		52,666
Operating loss from discontinued operations		—		(16,964)		(44,489)
Interest income, net		—		192		600
Other income (loss), net		—		4,081		(5,441)
Gain on deconsolidation		—		243,541		—
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes		—		230,850		(49,330)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		—		13,604		(374)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes		$	—	$	217,246	$	(48,956)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests from discontinued operations		—		(335)		(9,830)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to stockholders of Overstock.com, Inc.		$	—	$	217,581	$	(39,126)

5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, net consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Credit card receivables, trade	$	10,595	$	14,148
Accounts receivable, trade	5,760		6,501
Other receivables	4,561		2,970

	20,916		23,619
Less: allowance for credit losses	(3,223)		(2,429)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	17,693	$	21,190

6. PREPAIDS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaids and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Prepaid maintenance	$	8,767	$	10,780
Other current assets	5,467		5,071

Prepaid other	4,599		6,246


Total prepaids and other current assets	$	18,833	$	22,097

7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Computer hardware and software, including internal-use software and website development	$	240,148	$	225,256
Building	69,350		69,293
Land	12,781		12,781
Furniture and equipment	12,642		12,067
Building machinery and equipment	9,791		9,809
Land improvements	7,060		7,025
Leasehold improvements	2,904		2,601
	354,676		338,832
Less: accumulated depreciation	(244,770)		(229,353)
Total property and equipment, net	$	109,906	$	109,479

Capitalized costs associated with internal-use software and website development, both developed internally and acquired externally, and depreciation of costs for the same periods associated with internal-use software and website development consist of the following (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Capitalized internal-use software and website development	$	7,915	$	6,126	$	10,246
Depreciation of internal-use software and website development	6,571		7,237		10,262

Depreciation expense is classified within the corresponding operating expense categories in the consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Cost of goods sold	$	682	$	605	$	680
Technology	12,233		13,801		15,708

General and administrative	3,742		4,064		5,279
Total depreciation	$	16,657	$	18,470	$	21,667

8. EQUITY SECURITIES

Equity securities consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Equity securities accounted for under the equity method under ASC 323	$	213,494	$	240,153
Equity securities accounted for under the equity method under the fair value option	82,787		102,355
Equity securities under ASC 321	36		174
Total equity securities	$	296,317	$	342,682

The following table includes our equity securities accounted for under the equity method (ASC 323) and related ownership interest as of December 31, 2022:


			Ownership interest
Medici Ventures, L.P.			99%
tZERO Group, Inc.			29%
SpeedRoute, LLC			49%

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we completed our investment of an additional $15.0 million in tZERO through their Series B financing round led by the Intercontinental Exchange. We also acquired an equity interest in SpeedRoute, LLC ("SpeedRoute"), a former subsidiary of tZERO, which provides connectivity to tZERO's registered broker-dealer clients to U.S. equity exchanges and off-exchange sources of liquidity for $3.9 million.

The carrying amount of our equity method securities was $296.3 million at December 31, 2022, which is included in Equity securities on our consolidated balance sheets, of which $82.8 million is valued under the fair value option (tZERO and SpeedRoute). These investments are valued using Level 3 inputs, which represents 24.6% of assets measured at fair value. For our investments in Medici Ventures, L.P., tZERO, and SpeedRoute there is no difference in the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities and our maximum exposure to loss, and there is no difference between the carrying amount of our investment in Medici Ventures, L.P. and the amount of underlying equity we have in the entity's net assets.

The following table summarizes the net gain (loss) recognized on equity method securities recorded in Other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Net gain (loss) recognized on our proportionate share of the net assets of our equity method securities	$	(25,435)	$	9,953
Increase (decrease) in fair value of equity method securities held under fair value option	(38,488)		2,632

Regulation S-X Rules 4-08(g) and 3-09

In accordance with SEC Rules 4-08(g) and 3-09 of Regulation S-X, we must determine which, if any, of our equity method securities is a "significant subsidiary". Regulation S-X mandates the use of three different tests to determine if any of our equity securities are significant subsidiaries: the investment test, the asset test, and the income test. The table below provides the summarized financial information required by Rule 4-08(g) for those equity method securities in aggregate that have met the significance criteria (in thousands):


	December 31,
Balance Sheet (1)	2022		2021
Assets	$	122,015	$	76,192
Liabilities	(25,055)		(21,683)
Equity	$	(96,960)	$	(54,509)


	Years ended December 31,
Results of Operations (1)	2022		2021		2020
Revenues	$	31,187	$	20,800	$	4,788
Pre-tax loss	(37,619)		(24,528)		(36,533)
Net loss	(37,477)		(24,590)		(36,625)

___________________________________________

(1) The balance sheet and results of operations in the summarized financial information above excludes the financial information for the periods subsequent to the date an equity method investee ceased being accounted for under the equity method and only includes the financial information for the periods subsequent to the date an investee became an equity method investment and was accounted for under the equity method.

In accordance with Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X, separate audited financial statements of Medici Ventures, L.P. for the periods ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, their fiscal year-ends, are being filed herewith as Exhibit 99.2 and Exhibit 99.1, respectively, and as such are excluded from the table above. In addition, tZERO was not deemed significant for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 but was significant for the year ended December 31, 2022. In accordance with Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X, separate audited financial statements for tZERO for the year ended December 31, 2022 will be filed subsequently as an amendment to this Form 10-K.

9. ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021

Accounts payable accruals	$	14,343	$	25,571
Accrued compensation and other related costs	12,018		21,910
Allowance for returns	10,222		13,923
Accrued marketing expenses	9,670		15,317
Accrued freight	7,880		10,982
Sales and other taxes payable	5,288		8,756
Other accrued expenses	4,193		5,443
Total accrued liabilities	$	63,614	$	101,902

10. BORROWINGS

2020 loan agreements

In March 2020, we entered into two loan agreements. The loan agreements provide a $34.5 million Senior Note, carrying interest at an annual rate of 4.242%, and a $13.0 million Mezzanine Note, carrying interest at an annual rate of 5.002%. The loans carry a blended annual interest rate of 4.45%. The Senior Note is for a 10-year term (stated maturity date is March 6, 2030) and requires interest only payments, with the principal amount and any then unpaid interest due and payable at the end of the 10-year term. The Mezzanine Note has a stated 10-year term, though the agreement requires principal and interest payments monthly over approximately a 46-month payment period. Our debt issuance costs and debt discount are amortized using the straight-line basis which approximates the effective interest method.

As of December 31, 2022, the total outstanding debt on these loans was $38.0 million, net of $404,000 in capitalized debt issuance costs, and the total amount of the current portion of these loans included in Other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets was $3.5 million.

Both loans include certain financial and non-financial covenants and are secured by our corporate headquarters and the related land and rank senior to stockholders. The financial covenants require that Overstock maintain a net worth in excess of $30 million and minimum liquid assets of $3 million for so long as the Mezzanine Note is outstanding and is reduced to maintaining a net worth in excess of $15 million and minimum liquid assets of $1 million for the remainder of the term that the Senior Note is outstanding. We are in compliance with our debt covenants and continue to monitor our ongoing compliance with our debt covenants.

Future principal payments on our total debt as of December 31, 2022, are as follows (in thousands):


Payments due by period
2023	$	3,606
2024	282
2025	—
2026	—
2027	—
Thereafter	34,500
	$	38,388

11. LEASES

We have operating leases for warehouses, office space, and data centers. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to five years, some of which may include options to extend the leases perpetually, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within one year. Variable lease costs include executory costs, such as taxes, insurance, and maintenance.

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Operating lease cost	$	5,975	$	6,583	$	6,352

Variable lease cost	1,489		1,702		1,536

The following tables provides a summary of other information related to leases (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Cash payments included in operating cash flows from lease arrangements	$	6,237	$	6,478	$	7,224
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	437		835		5,316
Derecognition of right-of-use assets due to reassessment of lease term	257		527		666

The following table provides a summary of balance sheet information related to leases:


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term—operating leases	2.04 years		2.72 years
Weighted-average discount rate—operating leases	7	%	7	%

Maturity of lease liabilities under our non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2022, are as follows (in thousands):


Payments due by period
2023	$	4,816
2024	2,880
2025	689
2026	250
2027	83
Thereafter	—
Total lease payments	8,718
Less interest	682
Present value of lease liabilities	$	8,036

12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal proceedings and contingencies

From time to time, we are involved in litigation concerning consumer protection, employment, intellectual property, claims under the securities laws, and other commercial matters related to the conduct and operation of our business and the sale of products on our Website. In connection with such litigation, we have been in the past and we may be in the future subject to significant damages. In some instances, other parties may have contractual indemnification obligations to us. However, such contractual obligations may prove unenforceable or non-collectible, and if we cannot enforce or collect on indemnification obligations, we may bear the full responsibility for damages, fees, and costs resulting from such litigation. We may also be subject to penalties and equitable remedies that could force us to alter important business practices. Such litigation could be

costly and time consuming and could divert or distract our management and key personnel from our business operations. Due to the uncertainty of litigation and depending on the amount and the timing, an unfavorable resolution of some or all of such matters could materially affect our business, results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. The nature of the loss contingencies relating to claims that have been asserted against us are described below.

On September 27, 2019, a purported securities class action lawsuit was filed against us and our former Chief Executive Officer and former Chief Financial Officer in the United States District Court of Utah, alleging violations under Section 10(b), Rule 10b-5, Section 20(a), and Section 20A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). On October 8, 2019, October 17, 2019, October 31, 2019, and November 20, 2019, four similar lawsuits were filed in the same court also naming us and the above referenced former executives as defendants, bringing similar claims under the Exchange Act, and seeking similar relief. These cases were consolidated into a single lawsuit in December 2019. The Court appointed The Mangrove Partners Master Fund Ltd. as lead plaintiff in January 2020. In March 2020, an amended consolidated complaint was filed against us, our President, our former Chief Executive Officer, and our former Chief Financial Officer. We filed a motion to dismiss and, on September 28, 2020, the court granted our motion and entered judgment in our favor. The plaintiffs filed a motion to amend their complaint on October 23, 2020. The United States District Court of Utah granted the plaintiffs' motion to amend their complaint on January 6, 2021. The plaintiffs filed their amended complaint on January 11, 2021. We filed a motion to dismiss plaintiffs' amended complaint, and on September 20, 2021, the court granted our motion and entered judgment in our favor. On October 18, 2021, the plaintiffs filed a Notice of Appeal, appealing the ruling of the district court to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. We are awaiting a ruling from the Tenth Circuit that heard oral argument on the appeal on February 9, 2023. No estimates of the possible losses or range of losses can be made at this time. We intend to continue to vigorously defend this consolidated action.

On November 22, 2019, a shareholder derivative suit was filed against us and certain past and present directors and officers of ours in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, with allegations that include: (i) breach of fiduciary duties, (ii) unjust enrichment, (iii) insider selling and misappropriation of the Company's information, and (iv) contribution under Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act. On December 17, 2019, a similar lawsuit was filed in the same court, naming the same defendants, bringing similar claims, and seeking similar relief. These cases were consolidated into a single lawsuit in January 2020. In March 2020, the court entered a stay on litigation, pending the outcome of the securities class action motion to dismiss. The case remains stayed pending the outcome of the plaintiffs' appeal to the Tenth Circuit in the securities class action. No estimates of the possible losses or range of losses can be made at this time. We intend to vigorously defend these actions.

On April 23, 2020, a putative class action lawsuit was filed against us in the Circuit Court of the County of St. Louis, State of Missouri, alleging that we over-collected taxes on products sold into the state of Missouri. We removed the case to United States District Court, Eastern District of Missouri on May 22, 2020, and on February 9, 2021, the case against us was dismissed. On March 1, 2021, a putative class action lawsuit was filed against us in the Circuit Court of the County of St. Louis, State of Missouri, alleging similar allegations to the April 23, 2020 putative class action lawsuit that was dismissed, that we over-collected taxes on products sold into the state of Missouri. We filed a motion to compel arbitration, which was denied on October 13, 2021. We filed a motion to dismiss, which was denied on March 16, 2022. No estimates of the possible losses or range of losses can be made at this time. We intend to vigorously defend this action.

We establish liabilities when a particular contingency is probable and estimable which are included in Accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, our established liabilities were not material.

13. INDEMNIFICATIONS AND GUARANTEES

During our normal course of business, we have made certain indemnities, commitments, and guarantees under which we may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. These indemnities include, but are not limited to, indemnities we entered into in favor of Loan Core Capital Funding Corporation LLC under our building loan agreements,

various lessors in connection with facility leases for certain claims arising from such facility or lease, the environmental indemnity we entered into in favor of the lenders under our prior loan agreements, customary indemnification arrangements in underwriting agreements and similar agreements, and indemnities to our directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware. The duration of these indemnities, commitments, and guarantees varies, and in certain cases, is indefinite. In addition, the majority of these indemnities, commitments, and guarantees do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments we could be obligated to make. As such, we are unable to estimate with any reasonableness our potential exposure under these items. We have not recorded any liability for these indemnities, commitments, and guarantees in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We do, however, accrue for losses for any known contingent liability, including those that may arise from indemnification provisions, when future payment is both probable and reasonably estimable.

14. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Common Stock

Each share of common stock has the right to one vote. The holders of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available, subject to prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends.

Preferred stock conversion

On May 12, 2022, Overstock shareholders voted to approve separate proposals to approve the amendment of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation for both classes of its preferred stock to provide that each share of our Series A-1 and Series B preferred stock be automatically converted into 0.90 of a share of our common stock (the "Conversion"). On June 10, 2022, in connection with the completion of the Conversion, the Company issued 4,097,697 shares of our common stock in exchange for the outstanding Series A-1 and Series B preferred stock on that date. As the fair value of our common stock issued exceeded the fair value of the Series A-1 and Series B preferred stock exchanged on the Conversion date, we recognized a non-cash deemed dividend to our preferred stockholders of $1.7 million due to the excess fair value per share compared to the conversion ratio. Following the Conversion, the Company eliminated the Series A-1 and Series B preferred stock classes by filing Certificates of Elimination with the Delaware Secretary of State.

JonesTrading Sales Agreement

We entered into an Amended and Restated Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement (the "Sales Agreement") dated June 26, 2020 with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC ("JonesTrading") and D.A. Davidson & Co. ("D.A. Davidson"), under which we may conduct "at the market" public offerings of our common stock. Under the Sales Agreement, JonesTrading and D.A. Davidson, acting as our agents, may offer our common stock in the market on a daily basis or otherwise as we request from time to time. We have no obligation to sell additional shares under the Sales Agreement, but we may do so from time to time. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we did not sell any shares of our common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we received $2.8 million of proceeds that was included in Accounts receivable, net on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019 for the sale of an aggregate 415,904 shares of our common stock under the prior iteration of the agreement that were executed in late December 2019. As of December 31, 2022, we had $150.0 million available under our "at the market" sales program.

Common Stock Offering

We completed a public offering of our common stock on August 14, 2020 and issued 2,415,000 shares of our common stock pursuant to an underwriting agreement, dated August 11, 2020, for proceeds totaling $192.7 million, net of $11.4 million in offering costs.

Common and Preferred Stock Repurchase Program

On August 17, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a stock repurchase program (the “Repurchase Program”), pursuant to which we may, from time to time, purchase shares of our outstanding common stock for an aggregate repurchase price not to exceed $100.0 million at any time through December 31, 2023. Repurchases under the Repurchase Program may be effected through open market purchases. The Repurchase Committee designated by the Board of Directors will determine the actual timing, number, and value of any shares repurchased under the Repurchase Program in its discretion using factors including, but not limited to, our stock price and trading volume, general market conditions, and the ongoing assessment of our capital needs. There is no assurance of the number or aggregate price of any shares that we will ultimately repurchase under the Repurchase Program, which may be extended, suspended, or terminated at any time by the Board of Directors.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased $79.8 million of our common stock and $306,000 of our Series A-1 preferred stock under the Repurchase Program at average prices of $32.41 and $42.16 per share, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we had $19.9 million available for future share repurchases under our current repurchase authorization through December 31, 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we retired 7,244 shares of our Series A-1 preferred stock treasury stock which had been previously repurchased under the Repurchase Program. The retirement increased Accumulated deficit by $306,000.

15. STOCK-BASED AWARDS

We have equity incentive and compensatory plans that provide for the grant of stock-based awards, including restricted stock, to employees and board members and provide employees the ability to purchase shares of our common stock through an employee stock purchase plan. Employee accounting applies to equity incentives and compensation granted by the Company to its own employees. When an award is forfeited prior to the vesting date, we recognize an adjustment for the previously recognized expense in the period of the forfeiture.

Stock-based compensation expense is classified within the corresponding operating expense categories on our consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Cost of goods sold	$	132	$	102	$	169
Sales and marketing	693		987		799
Technology	7,659		3,799		1,654
General and administrative	9,834		6,245		5,219
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	18,318	$	11,133	$	7,841

Overstock restricted stock awards

The Overstock.com, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the grant of restricted stock units to employees and directors of the Company and other types of equity awards of the Company. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approves grants of restricted stock awards to our officers, board members and employees. These restricted stock awards generally vest over three years at 33.3% at the end of the first year, 33.3% at the end of the second year and 33.4% at the end of the third year; subject to the recipient's continuing service to us. At December 31, 2022, 1.3 million shares of stock remained available for future grants under the Plan.

The cost of restricted stock units is determined using the fair value of our common stock on the date of the grant and compensation expense is either recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting schedule or on an accelerated schedule when vesting of restricted stock awards exceeds a straight-line basis. The cumulative amount of compensation expense recognized at any point in time is at least equal to the portion of the grant date fair value of the award that is vested at that date.

The following table summarizes restricted stock award activity (in thousands, except fair value data):


	2022			2021			2020
	Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding—beginning of year	663	$	56.37	639	$	17.98	1,051	$	26.22
Granted at fair value	618	42.75		415	92.29		484	10.39
Vested	(295)	43.32		(294)	24.88		(710)	23.58
Forfeited	(205)	57.77		(97)	52.26		(186)	23.43
Outstanding—end of year	781	$	50.17	663	$	56.37	639	$	17.98

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Overstock.com, Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") grants our eligible employees a right to purchase shares of our common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to 25% of eligible compensation, subject to a cap of $21,250 in any calendar year. The ESPP provides for consecutive 24-month offering periods beginning March 1 and September 1 of each year. Each offering period shall consist of four consecutive six-month purchase periods. The first offering period under the ESPP commenced on September 1, 2021, with the first purchase date occurring on February 28, 2022.

On each purchase date, participating employees will purchase shares of our common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of our common stock on (i) the offering date of the offering period or (ii) the purchase date (the "look-back" period). If the stock price of our common stock on any purchase date in an offering period is lower than the stock price on the offering date of that offering period, every participant in the offering will automatically be withdrawn from the offering after the purchase of shares on such purchase date and automatically enrolled in a new offering period commencing immediately subsequent to such purchase date.

The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the ESPP in aggregate is 3.0 million shares. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 83,570 shares were purchased at an average price per share of $35.41. At December 31, 2022, approximately 2.9 million shares of common stock remained available under the ESPP.

The ESPP is considered a compensatory plan and the fair value of the discount and the look-back period will be estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and expense will be recognized straight-line over the 24-month offering period. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized $2.4 million in share-based compensation expense related to the ESPP, which is included in the stock compensation expense table above combined with the expense associated with our restricted stock units.

16. EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT PLAN

We have a 401(k) defined contribution plan which permits participating employees to defer a portion of their compensation, subject to limitations established by the Internal Revenue Code. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, employees who completed 3 months of service and are 21 years of age or older are qualified to participate in the plan which matches 100% of the first 6% of each participant's contributions to the plan subject to IRS limits. Matching contributions vest immediately. Participant contributions also vest immediately. Our matching contribution totaled $5.7 million, $5.2 million and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We made no discretionary contributions to eligible participants for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

17. REVENUE AND CONTRACT LIABILITY

Unearned revenue

Unearned revenue consists of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Club O membership fees and reward points	$	16,795	$	16,701
In store credits	12,046		11,777
Unearned product revenue on undelivered product	10,932		20,689
Unearned product revenue on unshipped orders	3,536		9,107
Other	1,171		1,113
Total unearned revenue	$	44,480	$	59,387

The following table provides information about unearned revenue from contracts with customers, including significant changes in unearned revenue balances during the period (in thousands):


	Amount
Unearned revenue at December 31, 2020	$	72,165
Increase due to deferral of revenue at period end, net	51,384
Decrease due to beginning contract liabilities recognized as revenue	(64,162)
Unearned revenue at December 31, 2021	59,387
Increase due to deferral of revenue at period end, net	32,993
Decrease due to beginning contract liabilities recognized as revenue	(47,900)
Unearned revenue at December 31, 2022	$	44,480

Our total unearned revenue related to outstanding Club O Reward dollars was $10.9 million and $10.0 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Breakage income related to Club O Reward dollars and gift cards is recognized in Net revenue in our consolidated statements of operations. Breakage included in revenue was $4.4 million, $6.9 million, and $5.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The timing of revenue recognition of these reward dollars is driven by actual customer activities, such as redemptions and expirations.

Sales returns allowance

The following table provides additions to and deduction from the sales returns allowance, which is included in our Accrued liabilities balance in our consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):


	Amount
Allowance for returns at December 31, 2019	$	11,106
Additions to the allowance	204,810
Deductions from the allowance	(196,726)
Allowance for returns at December 31, 2020	19,190
Additions to the allowance	237,622
Deductions from the allowance	(242,889)
Allowance for returns at December 31, 2021	13,923
Additions to the allowance	161,492
Deductions from the allowance	(165,193)
Allowance for returns at December 31, 2022	$	10,222

18. OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET

Other income (expense), net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

Income (loss) from equity method securities	$	(63,923)	$	12,585	$	—


Gain (loss) on equity securities	(137)		(1,238)		305



Other	235		1,153		308
Total other income (expense), net	$	(63,825)	$	12,500	$	613

19. INCOME TAXES

For financial reporting purposes, income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes includes the following components (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
United States income (loss)	$	(35,272)	$	121,180	$	95,115
Foreign income	1,420		1,836		1,375
Total income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$	(33,852)	$	123,016	$	96,490

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for 2022, 2021 and 2020 consists of the following (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Current:
Federal	$	802	$	532	$	—
State	1,874		4,344		1,316
Foreign	112		183		68
Total current	2,788		5,059		1,384
Deferred:
Federal	(1,275)		(49,045)		—
State	(50)		(4,763)		—
Foreign	(79)		(26)		(21)
Total deferred	(1,404)		(53,834)		(21)
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	1,384	$	(48,775)	$	1,363

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for 2022, 2021 and 2020 differ from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to income (loss) before income taxes for the following reasons (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
U.S. federal income tax provision (benefit) at statutory rate	$	(7,109)	$	25,833	$	20,263
State income tax expense, net of federal benefit	(1,170)		5,734		3,224

Global intangible low-tax income	919		143		229
Non-deductible executive compensation	905		1,908		147
Stock based compensation expense	219		(3,851)		1,839
Other, net	(67)		(33)		(34)
Delaware gift card litigation reversal	—		—		(1,022)
Research and development credit	(2,956)		(1,419)		(1,266)
Change in valuation allowance	10,643		(77,090)		(22,017)
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	1,384	$	(48,775)	$	1,363

The components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	20,711	$	35,247
Research and development tax credits	20,549		19,551
Basis difference in equity securities	15,302		6,092
Capitalized software development	12,604		—
Unearned revenue	5,694		5,431
Accrued expenses	4,259		5,750
Reserves and other	2,592		2,835
Operating lease liabilities	1,844		3,128
Other tax credits and carryforwards	288		207
Intangible assets	208		135
Gross deferred tax assets	84,051		78,376
Valuation allowance	(21,459)		(11,384)
Total deferred tax assets	62,592		66,992
Deferred tax liabilities:
Basis difference in equity securities	(15,072)		(20,831)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(1,702)		(3,077)
Fixed assets	(3,730)		(2,264)
Prepaid expenses	(649)		(785)

Total deferred tax liabilities	(21,153)		(26,957)
Total deferred tax assets (liabilities), net	$	41,439	$	40,035

For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminated the option to deduct research and development expenditures, including software development, as defined under IRC Section 174, in the year incurred. Instead, taxpayers are required to amortize such expenditures over five years if incurred in the U.S. and over fifteen years if incurred in a foreign jurisdiction. This new requirement caused us to utilize significant federal and state tax net operating loss carryforwards in the current year. We will continue to utilize federal and state tax attributes at a faster rate than our financial statement earnings in the future and there may be increases to cash taxes paid unless legislation is passed that would defer, repeal, or otherwise modify these new requirements. This change also impacted certain other computations within our tax provision, such as our global intangible low-tax income and our research and development credit, increasing both items over prior years.

At December 31, 2022, we have federal net operating loss carryforwards with no expiration date of approximately $73.6 million; the utilization of these net operating loss carryforwards is limited to 80% of taxable income in any given year. We have state net operating loss carryforwards with no expiration date of approximately $37.4 million primarily in the state of Utah; the utilization of these net operating loss carryforwards is limited to 80% of taxable income in the state in any given year. We also have state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $68.9 million that expire between 2026 and 2039.

At December 31, 2022, we have federal research credit carryforwards of approximately $23.2 million that expire between 2032 and 2042. We also have state research credit carryforwards of approximately $9.8 million that expire between 2023 and 2036. Ownership changes under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 could limit the amount of net operating losses or credit carryforwards that can be used in the future.

Each quarter we assess the recoverability of our deferred tax assets under ASC Topic 740. We assess available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether we will generate sufficient future taxable income to use our existing deferred tax assets. We have no carryback ability, and therefore we must rely on future taxable income, including tax planning strategies and future reversals of taxable temporary differences, to support their realizability. We maintain a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets for capital losses and the state of Utah where not supported by future reversals of taxable temporary differences, because of the uncertainty regarding the realizability of these deferred tax assets. We will continue to monitor the need for a valuation allowance against our remaining deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	11,961	$	9,638	$	9,058
Additions for tax positions related to the current year	1,083		1,992		971
Additions (reductions) for tax positions taken in prior years	444		331		(35)
Reduction due to settlements	—		—		(301)
Reduction due to cash payments	—		—		(55)
Ending balance	$	13,488	$	11,961	$	9,638

Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, are approximately $13.5 million, $12.0 million, and $9.6 million, respectively, of tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. We believe it is reasonably possible that these unrecognized tax benefits will continue to increase in the future.

Accrued interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $1.1 million and $753,000, respectively.

We are subject to taxation in the United States and various state and foreign jurisdictions. Tax years beginning in 2018 are subject to examination by taxing authorities, although net operating loss and credit carryforwards from all years are subject to examinations and adjustments for at least three years following the year in which the attributes are used.

20. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Numerator:
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	(35,236)	$	171,791	$	95,127


Less: Preferred stock dividends—declared and accumulated	1,697		729		731
Undistributed income (loss) from continuing operations	(36,933)		171,062		94,396
Less: Undistributed income (loss) allocated to participating securities	—		16,409		6,427
Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	$	(36,933)	$	154,653	$	87,969

Income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	—	$	217,581	$	(39,126)


Less: Undistributed income (loss) allocated to participating securities	—		20,870		(2,664)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to common stockholders	—		196,711		(36,462)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(36,933)	$	351,364	$	51,507

Denominator:


Weighted average shares of common shares outstanding—basic	44,323		42,981		41,217
Effect of dilutive securities:
Restricted stock awards	—		351		390
Weighted average shares of common shares outstanding—diluted	44,323		43,332		41,607

Net income (loss) from continuing operations per share of common stock:
Basic	$	(0.83)	$	3.60	$	2.13
Diluted	$	(0.83)	$	3.57	$	2.12
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations per share of common stock:
Basic	$	—	$	4.58	$	(0.88)
Diluted	$	—	$	4.54	$	(0.88)
Net income (loss) per share of common stock:
Basic	$	(0.83)	$	8.18	$	1.25
Diluted	$	(0.83)	$	8.11	$	1.24

The following shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted shares outstanding as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022	2021	2020
Restricted stock units	781	170	228
Employee stock purchase plan	116	24	—

21. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

We evaluated our reportable segments in accordance with ASC Topic 280 Segment Reporting based on how we manage our business. At the conclusion of this evaluation, we concluded that we have one reportable segment, Retail, which primarily consists of amounts earned through e-commerce product sales through our Website. All corporate support costs (administrative functions such as finance, human resources, and legal) are allocated to our single reportable segment. The results of that segment are shown on our consolidated statements of operations as continuing operations.

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, substantially all our revenues were attributable to customers in the United States. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, substantially all our property and equipment were located in the United States.

22. QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

The following tables set forth our unaudited quarterly results of operations data for the eight most recent quarters for the period ended December 31, 2022. We have prepared this information on the same basis as the consolidated statements of operations and the information includes all adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair statement of its financial position and operating results for the quarters presented.


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022		June 30, 2022		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2022
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Net revenue	$	536,037	$	528,122	$	460,279	$	404,896
Cost of goods sold	410,825		407,017		352,807		315,341
Gross profit	125,212		121,105		107,472		89,555
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	58,513		57,940		53,520		45,504
Technology	32,989		30,542		29,628		27,999
General and administrative	21,256		21,081		18,665		18,699

Total operating expenses	112,758		109,563		101,813		92,202
Operating income (loss)	12,454		11,542		5,659		(2,647)
Interest income (expense), net	(125)		115		976		1,999
Other expense, net	(114)		(1,981)		(46,283)		(15,447)
Income (loss) before income taxes from continuing operations	12,215		9,676		(39,648)		(16,095)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	2,092		2,529		(2,653)		(584)
Income (loss) from continuing operations	10,123		7,147		(36,995)		(15,511)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—		—		—		—
Consolidated net income (loss)	$	10,123	$	7,147	$	(36,995)	$	(15,511)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests - discontinued operations	—		—		—		—
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders of Overstock.com, Inc.	$	10,123	$	7,147	$	(36,995)	$	(15,511)

Net income (loss) attributable to common shares—basic
Continuing operations	$	0.21	$	0.12	$	(0.81)	$	(0.34)
Discontinued operations	—		—		—		—
Total	$	0.21	$	0.12	$	(0.81)	$	(0.34)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shares—diluted
Continuing operations	$	0.21	$	0.12	$	(0.81)	$	(0.34)
Discontinued operations	—		—		—		—
Total	$	0.21	$	0.12	$	(0.81)	$	(0.34)
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic	43,052		43,072		45,708		45,420
Diluted	43,282		43,159		45,708		45,420


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021		June 30, 2021		September 30, 2021		December 31, 2021
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

Net revenue	$	659,861	$	794,536	$	689,390	$	612,659



Cost of goods sold	506,337		619,710		532,682		473,815


Gross profit	153,524		174,826		156,708		138,844
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	73,538		85,272		75,650		67,970
Technology	30,523		30,383		31,178		30,917
General and administrative	22,871		22,660		21,031		20,837

Total operating expenses	126,932		138,315		127,859		119,724
Operating income	26,592		36,511		28,849		19,120
Interest expense, net	(155)		(130)		(139)		(132)
Other income (expense), net	(226)		298		(79)		12,507
Income before income taxes from continuing operations	26,211		36,679		28,631		31,495
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	193		(45,726)		(1,795)		(1,447)
Income from continuing operations	26,018		82,405		30,426		32,942
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	(10,126)		227,372		—		—
Consolidated net income	$	15,892	$	309,777	$	30,426	$	32,942
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests - discontinued operations	(201)		(134)		—		—
Net income attributable to stockholders of Overstock.com, Inc.	$	16,093	$	309,911	$	30,426	$	32,942

Net income (loss) attributable to common shares—basic
Continuing operations	$	0.57	$	1.73	$	0.64	$	0.69
Discontinued operations	(0.23)		4.78		—		—
Total	$	0.34	$	6.51	$	0.64	$	0.69
Net income (loss) attributable to common shares—diluted
Continuing operations	$	0.56	$	1.72	$	0.63	$	0.68
Discontinued operations	(0.23)		4.75		—		—
Total	$	0.33	$	6.47	$	0.63	$	0.68
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic	42,885		43,009		43,014		43,016
Diluted	43,320		43,314		43,324		43,370

23. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In January 2023, we invested $10 million through a convertible promissory note from GrainChain, Inc. The convertible promissory note bears interest at an annual interest rate of 5%. The convertible promissory note has a maturity date of January 3, 2025 at which time the outstanding principal balance and any unpaid accrued interest will automatically convert into shares of a newly created series of Preferred Stock issued by GrainChain, Inc.

Schedule II

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

(in thousands)


	Balance at Beginning of Year		Charged to Expense		Deductions / (Other Additions)		Balance at End of Year
Year ended December 31, 2022
Deferred tax valuation allowance	$	11,384	$	10,075	$	—	$	21,459
Allowance for sales returns	13,923		161,492		165,193		10,222
Allowance for doubtful accounts	2,429		794		—		3,223
Year ended December 31, 2021
Deferred tax valuation allowance (1)	$	134,305	$	(77,090)	$	45,831	$	11,384
Allowance for sales returns	19,190		237,622		242,889		13,923
Allowance for doubtful accounts	1,417		1,012		—		2,429
Year ended December 31, 2020
Deferred tax valuation allowance (1)	$	146,856	$	(13,066)	$	(515)	$	134,305
Allowance for sales returns	11,106		204,810		196,726		19,190
Allowance for doubtful accounts	2,443		1,008		2,034		1,417

___________________________________________

(1) Amounts contain continuing and discontinued operations

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). The term disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms.

Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation required by the Exchange Act under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Limitations on Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as specified above. Management does not expect, however, that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

Changes in Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financing Reporting

During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, we evaluated and replaced the design of certain internal controls supporting the valuation of our equity method securities as a result of a change in the valuation approach used for valuing our equity method securities. Except for these replacements, there were no other changes in either our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.

Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Based on this assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving its objectives as specified above. Management does not expect, however, that our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included below.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Overstock.com, Inc.:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Overstock.com, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule II (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 24, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Salt Lake City, Utah

February 24, 2023

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information regarding our Executive Officers required by Item 10 of Part III is set forth in Item 1 of Part I under "Business—Executive Officers of the Registrant." Information required by Item 10 of Part III regarding our Board of Directors and any material changes to the process by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Board of Directors will be included in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Information relating to compliance with Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics ("Code"), which applies to all employees of the Company, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer. We intend to disclose any amendments to the Code and any waivers granted to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer or other persons to the extent required by applicable rules or regulations in the Investor Relations section of our Website, www.overstock.com. We will provide a copy of the Code to any person without any charge upon request in writing addressed to Overstock.com. Attn: Investor Relations, 799 West Coliseum Way, Midvale, UT 84047.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Our independent registered public accounting firm is KPMG LLP, Salt Lake City, Utah, Auditor Firm ID: 185.

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

(1) Financial Statements:

The financial statements are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

(2) Financial Statement Schedules:

Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts is provided in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." Other schedules have been omitted as they are either not required, not applicable, or the information has otherwise been shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto under "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

(3) Exhibits:

See exhibits listed under Part (b) below.

(b) Exhibits


Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description	Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date	Filed Herewith
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation	10-Q	000-49799	3.1	July 29, 2014

3.2	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws	8-K	000-49799	3.1	August 12, 2022

3.3	Certificate of Elimination for Blockchain Voting Series A Preferred Stock of Overstock.com, Inc.	8-K	000-49799	3.2	July 30, 2019

3.4	Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Digital Voting Series A-1 Preferred Stock of Overstock.com, Inc.	10-Q	000-49799	3.1	May 7, 2020

3.5	Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Digital Voting Series A-1 Preferred Stock of Overstock.com, Inc.	8-K	000-49799	3.1	June 14, 2022

3.6	Certificate of Elimination of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Digital Voting Series A-1 Preferred Stock of Overstock.com, Inc.	8-K	000-49799	3.3	June 14, 2022

3.7	Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation for the Voting Series B Preferred Stock of Overstock.com, Inc.	10-Q	000-49799	3.2	May 7, 2020

3.8	Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Voting Series B Preferred Stock of Overstock.com, Inc.	8-K	000-49799	3.2	June 14, 2022

Exhibit Number

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed Herewith

3.9

Certificate of Elimination of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Voting Series B Preferred Stock of Overstock.com, Inc.

8-K

000-49799

3.4

June 14, 2022

4.1

Form of specimen common stock certificate

S-1/A

333-83728

4.1

May 6, 2002

4.2

Description of Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

10.1(a)

Form of Indemnification Agreement between Overstock.com, Inc. and each of its directors and officers

10-K

000-49799

10.1

March 18, 2019

10.2(a)

Overstock.com, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan

10-K

000-49799

10.2

February 26, 2021

10.3(a)

Overstock.com, Inc. 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated November 9, 2022)

10.4(a)

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Agreement under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan

10-K

000-49799

10.12

February 21, 2013

10.5

Purchase and Sale Agreement dated May 5, 2014 between O.Com Land LLC, Gardner Bingham Junction Holdings, L.C. and Arbor Bingham Junction Holdings, L.C.

8-K

000-49799

10.1

May 7, 2014

10.6

First Amendment dated July 29, 2014 to Purchase and Sale Agreement dated May 5, 2014 between O.Com Land LLC, Gardner Bingham Junction Holdings, L.C. and Arbor Bingham Junction Holdings, L.C.

8-K

000-49799

10.1

August 6, 2014

10.7

Second Amendment dated September 3, 2014 to Purchase and Sale Agreement dated May 5, 2014 between O.Com Land LLC, Gardner Bingham Junction Holdings, L.C. and Arbor Bingham Junction Holdings, L.C.

8-K

000-49799

10.1

September 8, 2014

10.8

Project Management Agreement dated May 5, 2014 between O.Com Land LLC and Gardner CMS, L.C.

8-K

000-49799

10.2

May 7, 2014

10.9

Purchase and Sale Agreement dated September 17, 2014 by and between the Redevelopment Agency of Midvale City and O.com Land LLC

8-K

000-49799

10.1

September 23, 2014


Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description	Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date	Filed Herewith
10.10	Lease Agreement dated October 24, 2014 between O.com Land, LLC and Overstock.com Inc.	8-K	000-49799	10.19	October 28, 2014

10.11(a)	Summary of Unwritten Compensation Arrangements Applicable to Non-Employee Directors of Overstock.com, Inc.	10-K	000-49799	10.16	March 13, 2020

10.12	Amended and Restated Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC, as agent, dated June 26, 2020	8-K	000-49799	1.1	June 29, 2020










10.13	Loan Agreement by and between Peace Coliseum, LLC, as Borrower, and LoanCore Capital Markets LLC, as Lender, dated as of March 6, 2020	8-K	000-49799	10.1	March 12, 2020

10.14	Mezzanine Loan Agreement by and between Peace Coliseum Mezzanine, LLC, as Borrower, and LoanCore Capital Markets LLC, as Lender, dated as of March 6, 2020	8-K	000-49799	10.2	March 12, 2020

10.15	Guaranty of Recourse Obligations made by Overstock.com, Inc., as Guarantor, in favor of LoanCore Capital Markets LLC, dated as of March 6, 2020	8-K	000-49799	10.3	March 12, 2020

10.16	Mezzanine Guaranty of Recourse Obligations made by Overstock.com, Inc., as Guarantor, in favor of LoanCore Capital Markets LLC, dated as of March 6, 2020	8-K	000-49799	10.4	March 12, 2020

10.17(a)	Form of Executive Retention Agreement	8-K	000-49799	10.1	April 17, 2020

10.18	Transaction Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2021, by and among Overstock.com, Inc., Medici Ventures, Inc., Pelion MV GP, L.L.C. and Pelion, Inc., as guarantor	8-K	000-49799	10.1	January 25, 2021

10.19	Medici Ventures, L.P. Limited Partnership Agreement, dated as of April 23, 2021, between Overstock.com, Inc., and Pelion MV GP, L.L.C.	8-K	000-49799	10.1	April 26, 2021

10.20	First Amendment, dated August 30, 2021, to the Medici Ventures, L.P. Limited Partnership Agreement, dated April 23, 2021, between Overstock.com, Inc., and Pelion MV GP, L.L.C.	10-Q	000-49799	10.1	November 4, 2021

10.21	Overstock.com, Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan	DEF 14A	000-49799	Annex A	March 25, 2021

21	Subsidiaries of the Registrant					X

Exhibit Number

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed Herewith

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Powers of Attorney (see signature page)

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

32.1

Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer

32.2

Section 1350 Certification of Principal Financial Officer

99.1

Audited financial statements of Medici Ventures, L.P. as of and for the period ended September 30, 2021

99.2

Audited financial statements of Medici Ventures, L.P. as of and for the period ended September 30, 2022

99.3

Audited financial statements of tZERO Group, Inc. as of and for the periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

101

The following financial statements from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

104

The cover page from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101)

__________________________________________

(a)Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 24, 2023.

OVERSTOCK.COM, INC.

By:

/s/ JONATHAN E. JOHNSON III

Jonathan E. Johnson III

Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of Jonathan E. Johnson III and Adrianne B. Lee, his or her attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and conforming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his or their substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ JONATHAN E. JOHNSON III

Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

2/24/2023

Jonathan E. Johnson III

/s/ ALLISON H. ABRAHAM

Chairwoman of the Board

2/24/2023

Allison H. Abraham

/s/ ADRIANNE B. LEE

Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

2/24/2023

Adrianne B. Lee

/s/ BARBARA H. MESSING

Director

2/24/2023

Barbara H. Messing

/s/ BARCLAY F. CORBUS

Director

2/24/2023

Barclay F. Corbus

/s/ JOSEPH J. TABACCO, JR.

Director

2/24/2023

Joseph J. Tabacco, Jr.

/s/ ROBERT J. SHAPIRO

Director

2/24/2023

Robert J. Shapiro

/s/ WILLIAM B. NETTLES, JR.

Director

2/24/2023

William B. Nettles, Jr.