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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-Q

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(Mark One)

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For the quarterly period ended October 31, 2022

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or

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For the transition period from                   to                 

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Commission File Number: 1-4488

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MESABI TRUST

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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(904) 271-2520

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ No ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No ☒

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As of December 10, 2022, there were 13,120,010 Units of Beneficial Interest in Mesabi Trust outstanding.

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Forward-Looking Statements

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Certain information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, or incorporates by reference, not only historical information, but also “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All such forward-looking statements, including those statements regarding estimation of iron ore pellet production, shipments, pricing, royalties and other matters, are based on information from the lessee/operator (and its parent corporation) of the mine located on the lands owned and held in trust for the benefit of the holders of units of beneficial interest of Mesabi Trust (“Mesabi Trust” or the “Trust”). These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking words, such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” “intend,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “potential,” “plan,” “should,” “assume,” “forecast” and other similar words. Such forward-looking statements are inherently subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results and future developments could differ materially from the results or developments expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, volatility of iron ore and steel prices, market supply and demand, competition, environmental hazards, health and safety conditions, regulation or government action, litigation, uncertainties about estimates of reserves, general adverse business and industry economic trends, uncertainties arising from war, terrorist events and other global events, higher or lower customer demand for steel and iron ore, decisions by mine operators regarding curtailments or idling production lines or entire plants, environmental compliance uncertainties, difficulties in obtaining and renewing necessary operating permits, higher imports of steel and iron ore substitutes, processing difficulties, consolidation and restructuring in the domestic steel market, market inputs tied to indexed price adjustment factors found in Cliffs’ Customer Contracts (as defined below) resulting in future adjustments to royalties payable to Mesabi Trust, and other factors. Further, substantial portions of royalties earned by Mesabi Trust are based on estimated prices that are subject to interim and final adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors under agreements to which Mesabi Trust is not a party and that are not known until after the end of a contract year. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could partially or even completely offset royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year-end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders (as defined below) in future quarters.

For a discussion of the factors, including without limitation, those that could materially and adversely affect Mesabi Trust’s actual results and performance, see “Risk Factors” set forth on pages 4 through 16 of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report for the year ended January 31, 2022, as updated by the “Risk Factors” as set forth on pages 19 and 20 of Mesabi Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2022 (filed September 13, 2022), and as set forth on pages 16 and 17 of Mesabi Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2022 (filed June 13, 2022) and Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These risks and uncertainties are not exclusive and further information concerning the Trust, including factors that potentially could materially affect our operating results, financial condition or the market price of the Units, may emerge from time to time. Mesabi Trust undertakes no obligation, other than that imposed by law, to make any revisions to the forward-looking statements contained in this filing or to update them to reflect circumstances occurring after the date of this filing. We advise you, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our future Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Current Reports on Form 8-K that we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements. (Note 1)

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Mesabi Trust

Condensed Statements of Operations

Three and Nine Months Ended October 31, 2022 and 2021

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See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

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Mesabi Trust

Condensed Balance Sheets

October 31, 2022 and January 31, 2022

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See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

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Mesabi Trust

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

Nine Months Ended October 31, 2022 and 2021

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See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

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Mesabi Trust

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Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

October 31, 2022 (Unaudited)

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Item 2. Trustees’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

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This discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed financial statements and notes presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the financial statements and notes in the last filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2022 for a full understanding of Mesabi Trust’s financial position and results of operations for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2022.

All references in this discussion and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to iron ore products “shipped” shall include iron ore products that Cliffs actually ships from Silver Bay, Minnesota and/or iron ore products Cliffs deems shipped upon production. Similarly, all references in this discussion and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “shipments” shall include Cliffs’ actual shipments of iron ore products and/Cliffs’ production of iron ore products it deems shipped. After the outcome of the 2021 arbitration, Cliffs changed its payment and pricing practices to deem the Trust entitled to payment upon production of all pellet grades to be sold for internal use by facilities owned by Cliffs or its subsidiaries. Due to this change in practice, for revenue recognition purposes, the Trust now recognizes revenue for internal use pellets upon production of those pellets, which is when Cliffs deems these pellets to be shipped under the royalty agreement. Pellets that are not designated for internal use by Cliffs, or its subsidiaries, continues to be recognized as revenue upon shipment from Silver Bay, Minnesota.

Background

Mesabi Trust, formed pursuant to the Agreement of Trust, is a trust organized under the laws of the State of New York. Mesabi Trust holds all of the interests formerly owned by Mesabi Iron Company (“MIC”), including all right, title and interest in the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Peters Lease (the “Amended Assignment of Peters Lease”), the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Cloquet Lease (the “Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease” and together with the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, the “Amended Assignment Agreements”), the beneficial interest in a trust organized under the laws of the State of Minnesota to administer the Mesabi Fee Lands (as defined below) as the trust corpus in compliance with the laws of the State of Minnesota on July 18, 1961 (the “Mesabi Land Trust”) and all other assets and property identified in the Agreement of Trust. The Amended Assignment of Peters Lease relates to an Indenture made as of April 30, 1915 among East Mesaba Iron Company (“East Mesaba”), Dunka River Iron Company (“Dunka River”) and Claude W. Peters (the “Peters Lease”) and the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease relates to an Indenture made May 1, 1916 between Cloquet Lumber Company and Claude W. Peters (the “Cloquet Lease”).

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The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees from entering into or engaging in any business. This prohibition applies even to business activities the Trustees may deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust Estate. Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to the holders of Certificates of Beneficial Interest in Mesabi Trust (“Unitholders”) after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, and protecting and conserving the assets held by the Trust.

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The Trustees do not intend to expand their responsibilities beyond those permitted or required by the Agreement of Trust, the Amendment to the Agreement of Trust dated October 25, 1982 (the “Amendment”), and those required under applicable law. Mesabi Trust has no employees, but it engages independent consultants to assist the Trustees in, among other things, monitoring the volume and sales prices of iron ore products shipped, based on information supplied to the Trustees by Northshore, the lessee/operator of the lands leased under the Peters Lease and Cloquet Lease (the “Peters Lease Lands” and “Cloquet Lease Lands,” respectively) and the 20% fee interest of certain lands that are particularly described in, and subject to a mining lease under, the Peters Lease (the “Mesabi Fee Lands,” and together with the Peters Lease Lands and Cloquet Lease Lands, the “Mesabi Trust Lands”), and its parent company, Cliffs. References to Northshore in this quarterly report, unless the context requires otherwise, are applicable to Cliffs as well.

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Leasehold royalty income constitutes the principal source of the Trust’s revenue. The income of the Trust is highly dependent upon the activities and operations of Northshore. Royalty rates and the resulting royalty payments received by the Trust are determined in accordance with the terms of the Trust’s leases and assignments of leases.

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Three types of royalties, as well as royalty bonuses, comprise the Trust’s leasehold royalty income:

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The current royalty rate schedule became effective on August 17, 1989 pursuant to the Amended Assignment Agreements, which the Trust entered into with Cyprus Northshore Mining Corporation (“Cyprus NMC”). Pursuant to the Amended Assignment Agreements, overriding royalties are determined by both the volume and selling price of iron ore products shipped. In 1994, Cyprus NMC was sold by its parent corporation to Cliffs and renamed Northshore Mining Company. Cliffs now operates Northshore as a wholly owned subsidiary.

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Under the relevant agreements, Northshore has the right to mine and ship iron ore products from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands. Northshore alone determines whether to conduct mining operations on Mesabi Trust Lands and/or such other lands based on its current mining and engineering plan. The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions. To encourage the use of iron ore products from Mesabi Trust Lands, Mesabi Trust receives royalties on stated percentages of iron ore shipped, whether or not the iron ore products are from Mesabi Trust Lands. Mesabi Trust receives royalties at the greater of (i) the aggregate quantity of iron ore products shipped that were mined from Mesabi Trust Lands, and (ii) a portion of the aggregate quantity of all iron ore products shipped that were mined from any lands, such portion being 90% of the first four million tons shipped during such year, 85% of the next two million tons shipped during such year, and 25% of all tonnage shipped during such year in excess of six million tons. The royalty percentage paid to the Trust increases as the aggregate tonnage of iron ore products shipped, attributable to the Trust, in any calendar year increases past each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds. Assuming a consistent sales price per ton throughout a calendar year, shipments of iron ore product attributable to the Trust later in the year generate a higher royalty to the Trust, as total shipments for the year exceed increasing levels of royalty percentages and pass each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds.

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During the course of its typical fiscal year, some portion of royalties expected to be paid to Mesabi Trust is based in part on estimated prices for certain iron ore products sold under some of the Cliffs’ Customer Contracts. Some of the Cliffs’ Customer Contracts use estimated prices which are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and which adjustments are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors that are not known until after the end of a contract year. Even though Mesabi Trust is not a party to the Cliffs’ Customer Contracts, these adjustments can result in significant variations in royalties payable to Mesabi Trust (and, in turn, the resulting amount available for distribution to Unitholders by the Trust) from quarter to quarter and on a comparative historical basis, and these variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trust. In either case, these price adjustments will impact future royalties payable to the Trust and, in turn, will impact cash reserves that may become available for distribution to Unitholders.

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According to Cliffs’ SEC filings, historically, certain of Cliffs’ third party customer supply agreements specify provisional price calculations, where the pricing mechanisms generally are based on market pricing, with the final revenue rate based on certain market inputs at a specified period in time in the future, per the terms of the supply agreements. Market inputs are tied to indexed price adjustment factors that are integral to the iron ore supply contracts and vary based on the agreement. The pricing adjustments generally operate in the same manner, with each factor typically comprising a portion of the price adjustment, although the weighting

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of each factor varies based upon the specific terms of each agreement. The price adjustment factors have been evaluated to determine if they qualify as embedded derivatives. The price adjustment factors share the same economic characteristics and risks as the host sales contract and are integral to the host sales contract as inflation adjustments; accordingly, they have not been separately valued as derivative instruments.

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A portion of royalties expected to be paid to the Trust each year is also based on “spot“ sales of iron ore products sold by Northshore and Cliffs, where pricing is basically set at a fixed rate.

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As also described elsewhere in this report, the Trust receives a bonus royalty equal to a percentage of the gross proceeds of iron ore products (mined from Mesabi Trust Lands) shipped and sold at prices above the Adjusted Threshold Price. Although 99.5% of all the iron ore products shipped during calendar 2021 was sold at prices higher than the Adjusted Threshold Price, the Trustees are unable to project whether Cliffs will continue to be able to sell iron ore products at prices above the applicable Adjusted Threshold Price, entitling the Trust to any future bonus royalty payments.

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As previously disclosed, on May 1, 2022, Cliffs idled Northshore. On July 22, 2022, Cliffs announced that it extended the idling of Northshore to at least April 2023 and would perhaps continue idling Northshore beyond that date.

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Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the Corporate Trustee of Mesabi Trust, performs certain administrative functions for Mesabi Trust. The Trust maintains a website at www.mesabi-trust.com. The Trust makes available (free of charge) its annual, quarterly and current reports (and any amendments thereto) filed with the SEC through its website as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing or furnishing such material with or to the SEC.

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Results of Operations

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Comparison of Iron Ore Pellet Production and Shipments for the Three and Nine Months Ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021

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As shown in the table below, during the three months ended October 31, 2022, production of iron ore pellets at Northshore from Mesabi Trust Lands totaled – zero tons, and shipments over the same period totaled – zero tons. By comparison, pellet production and shipments for the comparable period in 2021 were 1,117,253 tons and 1,179,530 tons, respectively. The decrease in production and shipments is attributable to the ongoing idling of Northshore’s facilities during the current period as compared to the prior period.

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As shown in the table below, during the nine months ended October 31, 2022, production of iron ore pellets at Northshore from Mesabi Trust Lands totaled 906,952 tons, and shipments over the same period totaled 906,952 tons. By comparison, pellet production and shipments for the comparable period in 2021 were 3,404,224 tons and 3,174,110 tons, respectively. The decrease in production and shipments is attributable to the idling of Northshore’s facilities during the current period as compared to the prior period. For the nine months ended October 31, 2022, approximately 99.7% of shipments originated from Trust lands.

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Comparison of Royalty Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021

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As reflected in the table below, the Trust’s total royalty income for the three months ended October 31, 2022 decreased by $15,836,180 to $0 as compared to the three months ended October 31, 2021. The decrease in total royalty income is due to the idling of Northshore’s facilities during the three months ended October 31, 2022, as compared to the three months ended October 31, 2021.

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The table below shows that the base overriding royalties decreased $9,644,501 and the bonus royalties decreased by $5,981,907 for the three months ended October 31, 2022, as compared to the three months ended October 31, 2021. Fee royalties decreased by $209,772 over the same period. The decrease in the base overriding royalties, bonus royalties and fee royalties is attributable to the idling of Northshore’s facilities in the current period as compared to the prior comparable period.

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The table below summarizes the components of Mesabi Trust’s total royalty income for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, respectively:

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As reflected in the table below, the Trust’s total royalty income for the nine months ended October 31, 2022 decreased by $43,187,943 to $9,794,440 as compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2021. The decrease in total royalty income is attributable to the idling of Northshore’s facilities during the nine months ended October 31, 2022, as compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2021.

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The table below shows that the base overriding royalties decreased $28,099,399 and the bonus royalties decreased by $14,742,753 for the nine months ended October 31, 2022, as compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2021. Fee royalties decreased by $345,791 over the same period. The decrease in the base overriding royalties, bonus royalties and fee royalties is attributable to the idling of Northshore’s facilities in the current period as compared to the prior comparable period.

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The table below summarizes the components of Mesabi Trust’s total royalty income for the nine months ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, respectively:

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Comparison of Net Income, Expenses and Distributions for the Three and Nine Months Ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021

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Net loss for the three months ended October 31, 2022 was ($413,692), a decrease of $16,406,598 as compared to the three months ended October 31, 2021. The decrease in net income (loss) for the three months ended October 31, 2022 was due to the idling of Northshore’s facilities during the current period as compared to the three months ended October 31, 2021. The Trust’s expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2022 were $498,373, an increase of $133,072 compared to the expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2021. The increase in expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in legal fees and expenses incurred for the three months ended October 31, 2022, as compared to the prior comparable period. The table below summarizes the Trust’s income and expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, respectively.

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Net income for the nine months ended October 31, 2022 was $8,324,122, a decrease of $42,998,684 as compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2021. The decrease in net income for the nine months ended October 31, 2022 was due to the idling of Northshore’s facilities during the current period as compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2021. The Trust’s expenses for the nine months ended October 31, 2022 were $1,589,996 a decrease of $592,271 compared to the expenses for the nine months ended October 31, 2021. The decrease in expenses was primarily attributable to a decrease in legal fees and expenses related to the

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arbitration that was completed during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. The table below summarizes the Trust’s income and expenses for the nine months ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, respectively.

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As presented on the “Trust’s Condensed Statements of Operations” on page 3 of this quarterly report, the Trust’s net income (loss) per unit decreased $1.2505 per unit to ($0.0315) per unit for the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2022 as compared to the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2021. On October 14, 2022, the Trust declared no distribution to Unitholders of record. Comparatively, the Trust declared a distribution of $1.42 per unit to Unitholders in October 2021. During the nine months ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021 the Trust had declared distributions of $1.88 and $2.40 per unit, respectively.

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On a quarterly basis, the Trustees review a variety of financial and economic data and information impacting the Trust, and upon the Trustees’ determination, distributions may be declared approximately ten weeks after the Trustees receive a quarterly royalty report from Northshore and Cliffs and the Trust receives the actual royalty payment with respect to royalty income that is payable for iron ore shipments through the end of each prior calendar quarter. Royalty payments may include pricing adjustments with respect to shipments made during prior periods. The Trust accounts for and reports accrued income receivable based on shipments during the last month of each of the Trust’s fiscal quarters (April, July, October and January) and price adjustments under Cliffs’ Customer Contracts (which can be positive or negative and can result in significant variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust and cash available for distribution to Unitholders) as reported to the Trust by Northshore. The Trust accounts for these amounts by using estimated prices and reports such amounts even though accrued income receivable is not available for distribution to Unitholders until it is received by the Trust. Accordingly, distributions declared by the Trust are not equivalent to the Trust’s net income (loss) during the periods reported in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

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Comparison of Unallocated Reserve as of October 31, 2022, October 31, 2021 and January 31, 2022

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As set forth in the table below, Unallocated Reserve decreased from $36,311,828 as of October 31, 2021 to $14,453,251 as of October 31, 2022. The decrease in Unallocated Reserve as of October 31, 2022, as compared to October 31, 2021, is primarily the result of a decrease in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities and accrued income receivable. The decrease in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities is attributable to a decrease in royalties received in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the third quarter of 2021. The decrease in the accrued income receivable portion of the Unallocated Reserve is attributable to a decrease in shipments for the month ended October 31, 2022 as compared to the month ended October 31, 2021.

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It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, future royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters. See the discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4 of the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 (filed April 27, 2022), as updated by Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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The Trust’s Unallocated Reserve as of October 31, 2022 decreased by $16,341,498 to $14,453,251, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. The decrease in the Unallocated Reserve as of October 31, 2022, as compared to January 31, 2022, is primarily the result of a decrease in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities and accrued income receivable. The decrease in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities is attributable to a decrease in royalties received in the third quarter

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of 2022 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2021. The decrease in the accrued income receivable portion of the Unallocated Reserve is attributable to a decrease in shipments for the month ended October 31, 2022 as compared to the month ended January 31, 2022.

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Each quarter, as authorized by the Agreement of Trust, the Trustees will reevaluate all relevant factors including all costs, expenses, obligations, and present and future liabilities of the Trust (whether fixed or contingent) in determining a prudent level of unallocated reserve in light of the unpredictable nature of the iron ore industry, current and projected future mining operations and current economic conditions. Although the actual amount of the Unallocated Reserve will fluctuate from time to time and may increase or decrease from its current level, it is currently anticipated that future distributions will be highly dependent upon royalty income as it is received and the level of Trust expenses. The amount of future royalty income available for distribution will be subject to the volume of iron ore product shipments and the dollar level of sales by Northshore. Shipping activity is greatly reduced during the winter months. The current idling of Northshore operations, which commenced May 1, 2022 and will continue until at least April 2023 and maybe beyond according to Cliffs, will reduce the Trust’s royalty income, which in turn will reduce, or potentially eliminate, funds available for distribution to Unitholders. Economic conditions, particularly those affecting the iron ore and steel industry arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, may adversely affect the amount and timing of such future shipments and sales. The Trustees will continue to monitor the economic and other circumstances of the Trust to strike a responsible balance between distributions to Unitholders and the need to maintain adequate reserves at a prudent level, given the unpredictable nature of the iron ore and steel industry, the Trust’s dependence on the actions of the lessee/operator, and the fact that the Trust essentially has no other liquid assets.

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Recent Developments

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Receipt of Quarterly Royalty Report and Royalty Payment

On October 28, 2022, Mesabi Trust received the quarterly royalty report of iron ore shipments out of Silver Bay, Minnesota during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 (the “Royalty Report”) from Cliffs, the parent company of Northshore. The Royalty Report indicated that, because of the current and ongoing idling of Northshore, the Trust received no royalty payments for the quarter.

As reported to Mesabi Trust by Cliffs in the Royalty Report, based on shipments of iron ore products by Northshore during the three months ended September 30, 2022, Mesabi Trust was credited with a base royalty of zero dollars ($0.00). For the three months ended September 30, 2022, Mesabi Trust was also credited with a bonus royalty in the amount of zero dollars ($0.00). No adjustments were taken by Cliffs for the quarter. In addition, because of the current idling of Northshore, a royalty payment of zero dollars ($0.00) was paid to the Mesabi Land Trust. Accordingly, the total royalty payments received by Mesabi Trust on October 28, 2022 from Cliffs were zero dollars ($0.00).

The royalties paid to Mesabi Trust are based on the volume of iron ore pellets produced or shipped during the quarter and the year to date, the pricing of iron ore product sales, and the percentage of iron ore pellet shipments from Mesabi Trust Lands rather than from non-Mesabi Trust Lands. In the third calendar quarter of 2022, Cliffs credited Mesabi Trust with zero (0) tons of iron ore shipped, as compared to 1,169,461 tons shipped during the third calendar quarter of 2021.

The volume of iron ore pellets (and other iron ore products) produced and shipped by Northshore varies from quarter to quarter and year to year based on a number of factors, including, among others, Cliffs’ decisions to idle Northshore operations, the requested delivery schedules of customers, general economic conditions in the iron ore industry, production schedules and weather conditions on the Great Lakes. These multiple factors can result in significant variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust (and in turn, the resulting funds available for distribution to Unitholders by Mesabi Trust) from quarter to quarter and from year to year. These variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trustees of Mesabi Trust. Based on the above factors, and as indicated by Mesabi Trust’s historical distribution payments, the royalties received by Mesabi Trust, and the distributions paid to Unitholders, if any, in any particular quarter are not necessarily indicative of royalties that will be received, or distributions that will be paid, if any, in any subsequent quarter or full year.

As previously announced by Cliffs on July 22, 2022, the current idling of Northshore operations was extended until at least April 2023 and maybe beyond.

Cliffs’ Royalty Report stated that the reported royalty amounts were based on estimated iron ore pellet prices that are subject to change. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would

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otherwise be payable to Mesabi Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters.

Announcement of No Distribution

On October 14, 2022, Mesabi Trust issued a press release announcing that the Trustees of Mesabi Trust determined that no distribution was declared in October 2022 with respect to Units of Beneficial Interest.

The Trustees’ announcement of declaring no distribution this quarter primarily reflected the Trustees’ caution about uncertainties arising from the July 22, 2022 announcement by Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. (“Cliffs”), the parent company of Northshore Mining Company (“Northshore”), to extend the current idling of Northshore operations until at least April 2023 and maybe beyond. With Northshore’s operations currently in idle mode, and no additional information being made available to the Trustees regarding the length of the idling, the Trustees’ decision reflects their determination to maintain an appropriate level of reserves in order to make adequate provision to meet current and future expenses and present and future liabilities (whether fixed or contingent) that may arise in the future.

The Trustees have received no specific updates on Cliffs’ plans concerning Northshore operations. The Trustees’ determination of no distribution during the quarter also took into account numerous other factors, including uncertainties resulting from Cliffs’ prior announcements to make Northshore a swing operation as Cliffs’ Minorca operation becomes increasingly utilized, Cliffs’ increased use of scrap iron in its vertical supply chain planning, potential volatility in the iron ore and steel industries generally, national and global economic uncertainties, the costs and expenses related to the Trust’s initiation of arbitration against Northshore and its parent, Cliffs, possible further disturbances from global unrest and the potential impacts from further outbreaks of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Commencement of Arbitration

On October 14, 2022, Mesabi Trust initiated arbitration against Northshore and its parent, Cliffs (jointly, the “Operator”), the lessee/operator of the leased lands. The arbitration proceeding has been commenced with the American Arbitration Association. The Trust seeks an award of damages relating to the Operator’s underpayment of royalties in 2020, 2021, and 2022 by virtue of the Operator’s failure to use the highest price arm’s length iron ore pellet sale from the preceding four quarters in pricing internal production during the fourth quarter of 2020 through 2022. The Trust also seeks declaratory relief related to the Trust’s entitlement to certain documentation and to the time the Operator’s royalty obligation accrues on internal production.

Forward-looking Statements

This report contains certain forward-looking statements based on Cliffs’ publicly announced plans with respect to DR-grade pellet production, third party sales, and use of Northshore in the future, which statements are intended to be made under the safe harbor protections of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Cliffs’ implementation of, or changes to, these plans are beyond Mesabi Trust’s control. As such, such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially. Additional information concerning these and other risks and uncertainties is contained in Mesabi Trust’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 (filed April 27, 2022) and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2022 (filed June 13, 2022) and for the quarter ended July 31, 2022 (filed September 13, 2022). Mesabi Trust undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any of the forward-looking statements made herein to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof.

In accordance with general instruction B.2 to Form 8-K, the information in this Form 8-K shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section.

Important Factors Affecting Mesabi Trust

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The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees from entering into or engaging in any business. This prohibition seemingly applies even to business activities the Trustees deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust’s assets. Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, monitoring royalties and protecting and conserving the held assets.

Neither Mesabi Trust nor the Trustees have any control over the operations and activities of Northshore, except within the framework of the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease. Cliffs alone controls (i) historical operating data, including iron ore production volumes, decisions to reduce or idle the Northshore plant and mining operations, marketing of iron ore products, operating and capital expenditures as they relate to Northshore, environmental and other liabilities and the effects of regulatory changes; (ii) plans for Northshore’s future operating and capital expenditures; (iii) geological data relating to ore reserves; (iv) projected production of iron ore products; (v) contracts between Cliffs and Northshore with their customers; and (vi) the decision to mine off

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Mesabi Trust and/or state lands, based on Cliffs’ current mining and engineering plan. The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions at Northshore, nor do the Trustees provide any input regarding the ore reserve estimated at Northshore as reported by Cliffs. While the Trustees request relevant information from Cliffs and Northshore in accordance with the royalty agreement for use in periodic reports as part of their evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Trustees do not control this information and they rely on the information in Cliffs’ periodic and current filings with the SEC to provide accurate and timely information in Mesabi Trust’s reports filed with the SEC.

In accordance with the Agreement of Trust and the Amendment, the Trustees are entitled to, and in fact do, rely upon certain experts in good faith, including (i) the independent consultants with respect to monthly production and shipment reports, which include figures on crude ore production and iron ore pellet shipments, and discussions concerning the condition and accuracy of the scales and plans regarding the development of Mesabi Trust’s mining property; and (ii) the accounting firm they have contracted with for non-audit services, including reviews of financial data related to shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore and a review of the schedule of leasehold royalties payable to Mesabi Trust.

For a discussion of additional factors, including but not limited to those that could adversely affect Mesabi Trust’s actual results and performance, see “Risk Factors” set forth on pages 4 through 16 of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year-ended January 31, 2022 (filed April 27, 2022).

Iron Ore Pricing and Contract Adjustments

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During the course of its typical fiscal year, some portion of the royalties paid to Mesabi Trust is based in part on estimated prices for certain iron ore products sold under some of the Cliffs’ Customer Contracts. Mesabi Trust is not a party to any of the Cliffs’ Customer Contracts. These prices are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and which adjustments are dependent in part on a variety of price and inflation index factors, including but not limited to various benchmark pellet prices, hot band steel prices and various Producer Price Indexes. Although Northshore makes interim adjustments to the royalty payments on a quarterly basis, these price adjustments cannot be finalized until after the end of a contract year. This may result in significant and frequent variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust (and in turn the resulting amount of funds available for distribution to Unitholders by the Trust) from quarter to quarter and on a comparative historical basis. These variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by Mesabi Trust. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could partially or even completely offset royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year-end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters.

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Effects of Securities Regulation

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The Trust is a publicly traded, pass-through royalty trust with its Trust Certificates listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and is therefore subject to extensive regulation under, among others, the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”), each as amended, and the rules and regulations of the NYSE. Issuers failing to comply with such authorities risk serious consequences, including criminal as well as civil and administrative penalties. In most instances, these laws, rules and regulations do not specifically address their applicability to a publicly-traded pass-through royalty trust such as Mesabi Trust. In particular, Sarbanes-Oxley mandated the adoption by the SEC and NYSE of certain rules and regulations that are impossible for the Trust to literally satisfy because of its nature as a pass-through royalty trust. Pursuant to NYSE rules, as a pass-through royalty trust, the Trust is exempt from many of the corporate governance requirements that apply to other publicly traded corporations. The Trust does not have, nor does the Agreement of Trust provide for, a board of directors, an audit committee, a corporate governance committee, a compensation committee or executive officers. The Trust has no employees. The Trustees closely monitor the SEC’s and NYSE’s rulemaking activities and will comply with their rules and regulations to the extent applicable.

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The Trust’s website is located at www.mesabi-trust.com.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

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This “Trustees’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based upon the Trust’s financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Trustees to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Trustees base their estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Trustees believe are reasonable under the circumstances. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. Critical accounting policies are those that have meaningful impact on the reporting of the Trust’s financial condition and results of operations, and that require significant judgment and estimates.

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There have been no material changes in the Trust’s critical accounting policies or significant accounting estimates during the three months ended October 31, 2022. For a complete description of the Trust’s significant accounting policies, please see Note 2 to the financial statements included in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2022 (filed April 27, 2022).

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Certain Tax Information

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The Trust is not taxable as a corporation for federal or state income tax purposes and is instead qualified as a nontaxable grantor trust. Since the Trust’s inception, all net taxable income is annually attributable directly to Unitholders for tax purposes regardless of whether the income is distributed or retained by the Trust in its reserve account. As such, in lieu of the Trust paying income taxes, Unitholders report their pro rata share of the various items of Trust income and deductions on their income tax returns. This reporting is required whether or not the earnings of the Trust are distributed as to Unitholders. During calendar year 2021, any funds retained to increase the Trust’s unallocated reserve, which were derived from reportable royalty income, will nonetheless become taxable as reportable income to Unitholders, depending on each individual’s personal tax situation. Information regarding the background on the changes in the Trust’s unallocated reserve is described above under “Results of Operations — Comparison of Unallocated Reserve as of October 31, 2022, October 31, 2021 and January 31, 2022” beginning on page 12. Unitholders are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors to plan for any financial impact related to this and to review their personal tax situations related to investing in, holding or selling units of beneficial interest in Mesabi Trust.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

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Not applicable.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

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Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Trust maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust in the reports that it furnishes or files under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and regulations of the SEC. Due to the pass-through nature of the Trust, the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust is received from Cliffs and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Northshore. In order to help ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information required to be disclosed in the Trust’s periodic and current reports, the Trust employs certified public accountants, geological consultants, and attorneys. These professionals hired by the Trust advise the Trust in its review and compilation of the information in this Form 10-Q and the other periodic reports filed by the Trust with the SEC.

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As part of their evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Trustees rely on quarterly shipment and royalty calculations provided by Northshore and Cliffs. Because Northshore has declined to provide a written certification attesting to whether Northshore has established disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls sufficient to enable it to verify that the information furnished to the Trustees is accurate and complete, the Trustees also rely on (a) an annual certification from Northshore and Cliffs, certifying as to the accuracy of the royalty calculations, and (b) the related due diligence review performed by the Trust’s accountants. In addition, Mesabi Trust’s consultants review the schedule of leasehold royalties payable, and shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore against production and shipment reports prepared by Eveleth Fee Office, Inc., an independent consultant to Mesabi Trust (“Eveleth Fee Office”). Eveleth Fee Office performs inspections of the Northshore mine and its pelletizing operations, observes production and shipping activities, gathers production and shipping information from Northshore and prepares monthly production and shipment reports for the Trustees. Furthermore, as part of its engagement by Mesabi Trust, Eveleth Fee Office also attends Northshore’s calibration and testing of its crude ore scales and boat loader scales which are conducted on a periodic basis.

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As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Trustees carried out an evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Trustees have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. To the knowledge of the Trustees, there were no changes in the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Trust’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting. The Trustees note for purposes of clarification that they have no authority over, and make no statement concerning, the internal controls of Northshore or Cliffs.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

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Item 1. Legal Proceedings

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None.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following Risk Factor supplements the Trust’s Risk Factors as described in “Risk Factors” as set forth in pages 4 to 16 of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 (filed April 27, 2022) and the “Risk Factor” as set forth on pages 16 and 17 of Mesabi Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2022 (filed June 13, 2022) and the “Risk Factor” as set forth on pages 19 and 20 of Mesabi Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2022 (filed September 13, 2022).

The limited or lack of arm’s-length third party sales of iron ore products (processed at Northshore using Mesabi Trust iron ore) by Cliffs could lead to uncertainty under the royalty agreement with respect to the calculation of royalties, which could in turn result in potential disputes regarding the amount of royalties owed to the Trust.

In order to calculate the royalties owed by Northshore to the Trust, the 1989 royalty agreement requires that Northshore make sales of iron ore products to third parties on an arm’s-length basis without regard to any other business relationship between Northshore and the third-party buyer of the iron ore products. In order to calculate royalties on less than arm’s-length sales (including sales from Northshore to Cliffs’ corporate affiliates), the royalty agreement requires reference to the highest contract price obtained by Northshore in the preceding four calendar quarters in a sale to a buyer not affiliated with Northshore and made on an arms’-length basis. Since Cliffs’ Toledo HBI plant came online in mid-2021, and accelerating after Cliffs’ acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA in late-2021, Northshore has increased the proportion of iron ore mined from the Mesabi Trust Lands that it sells to Cliffs’ corporate affiliates and decreased the proportion of such iron ore that it sells to third parties in arms’-length transactions. Cliffs’ public statements beginning in third quarter of 2021 have indicated that Cliffs will be limiting the tonnage of iron ore pellets that it sells to third parties from all of its mines, and particularly Northshore, which Cliffs has idled and said it will run as a swing operation. Without consistent arms’-length sales from Northshore to third parties, the calculation of royalties on iron ore Northshore ships to Cliffs’ affiliates could be uncertain under the royalty agreement, which could in turn result in potential disputes regarding the amount of royalties owed to the Trust.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

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None.

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Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

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None.

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

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None.

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Item 5. Other Information

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Mine Safety and Health Administration Safety Data. Pursuant to §1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Cliffs started reporting information related to certain mine safety results at Northshore. This information is available in Part II, Item 4 of Cliffs’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, filed with the SEC on July 26, 2022.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

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(a)Exhibits

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The following exhibits are being filed or furnished with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

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SIGNATURES

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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