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Published: 2023-05-04 00:00:00 ET

10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2023


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number: 0-23245

PERDOCEO EDUCATION CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware	36-3932190
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1750 E. Golf Road Schaumburg, Illinois	60173
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (847) 781-3600

Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report: N/A

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	PRDO	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company, as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of May 1, 2023: 67,477,996

PERDOCEO EDUCATION CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)	2

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	4

	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	23

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	24

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	25

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	25

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	25
Item 6.	Exhibits	25

SIGNATURES		27

PERDOCEO EDUCATION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	March 31,			December 31,
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)	2023			2022
ASSETS	(unaudited)
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents, unrestricted	$	89,845		$	109,408
Restricted cash		9,476			9,476
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		99,321			118,884
Short-term investments		420,943			399,315
Total cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments		520,264			518,199
Student receivables, gross		84,901			81,197
Allowance for credit losses		(39,912	)		(38,646	)
Student receivables, net		44,989			42,551
Receivables, other		4,309			3,457
Prepaid expenses		11,383			8,411
Inventories		3,765			1,904
Other current assets		735			597
Total current assets		585,445			575,119

NON-CURRENT ASSETS:
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $56,702 and $54,238 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		25,752			26,038
Right of use asset, net		24,277			26,156
Goodwill		243,941			243,540
Intangible assets, net of amortization of $18,604 and $15,981 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		50,941			53,564
Student receivables, gross		5,499			6,345
Allowance for credit losses		(4,032	)		(4,495	)
Student receivables, net		1,467			1,850
Deferred income tax assets, net		24,309			24,613
Other assets		6,880			6,488
TOTAL ASSETS	$	963,012		$	957,368
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Lease liability-operating	$	6,043		$	6,555
Accounts payable		15,178			13,518
Accrued expenses:
Payroll and related benefits		22,448			40,306
Advertising and marketing costs		7,654			8,977
Income taxes		20,079			7,814
Other		19,027			14,621
Deferred revenue		44,710			71,590
Total current liabilities		135,139			163,381

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Lease liability-operating		25,837			27,286
Other liabilities		40,864			40,856
Total non-current liabilities		66,701			68,142

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding		-			-
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 89,923,857 and 89,396,192 shares issued, 67,477,996 and 67,175,485 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		899			894
Additional paid-in capital		686,719			684,183
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(4,121	)		(5,447	)
Retained earnings		382,323			347,839
Treasury stock, at cost; 22,445,861 and 22,220,707 shares as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		(304,648	)		(301,624	)
Total stockholders' equity		761,172			725,845
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	963,012		$	957,368

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

PERDOCEO EDUCATION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(UNAUDITED)


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)	2023			2022
REVENUE:
Tuition and fees, net	$	193,319		$	181,327
Other		2,279			1,632
Total revenue		195,598			182,959

OPERATING EXPENSES:
Educational services and facilities		33,851			28,088
General and administrative		112,686			106,296
Depreciation and amortization		5,155			4,882
Asset impairment		570			-
Total operating expenses		152,262			139,266
Operating income		43,336			43,693

OTHER INCOME:
Interest income		3,818			333
Interest expense		(95	)		(103	)
Miscellaneous expense		(6	)		(89	)
Total other income		3,717			141

PRETAX INCOME		47,053			43,834
Provision for income taxes		12,569			11,756
NET INCOME		34,484			32,078

NET INCOME PER SHARE - BASIC:	$	0.51		$	0.47

NET INCOME PER SHARE - DILUTED:	$	0.50		$	0.46

WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING:
Basic		67,235			68,746
Diluted		68,514			69,567

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
(In Thousands)	2023		2022
NET INCOME	$	34,484	$	32,078
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		26		(81	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments		1,300		(1,364	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		1,326		(1,445	)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	35,810	$	30,633

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

PERDOCEO EDUCATION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)


	Common Stock				Treasury Stock								Accumulated Other
(In Thousands)	Issued Shares		$0.01 Par Value		Purchased Shares			Cost			Additional Paid-in Capital		Comprehensive (Loss) Income			Retained Earnings		Total
BALANCE, January 1, 2023		89,396	$	894		(22,221	)	$	(301,624	)	$	684,183	$	(5,447	)	$	347,839	$	725,845
Net income		-		-		-			-			-		-			34,484		34,484
Foreign currency translation		-		-		-			-			-		26			-		26
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax		-		-		-			-			-		1,300			-		1,300
Treasury stock purchased		-		-		(60	)		(815	)		-		-			-		(815	)
Share-based compensation expense		-		-		-			-			2,294		-			-		2,294
Common stock issued		528		5		(165	)		(2,209	)		242		-			-		(1,962	)
BALANCE, March 31, 2023		89,924	$	899		(22,446	)	$	(304,648	)	$	686,719	$	(4,121	)	$	382,323	$	761,172

	Common Stock				Treasury Stock								Accumulated Other
(In Thousands)	Issued Shares		$0.01 Par Value		Purchased Shares			Cost			Additional Paid-in Capital		Comprehensive Loss			Retained Earnings		Total
BALANCE, January 1, 2022		88,724	$	887		(19,976	)	$	(276,895	)	$	674,242	$	(96	)	$	251,972	$	650,110
Net income		-		-		-			-			-		-			32,078		32,078
Foreign currency translation		-		-		-			-			-		(81	)		-		(81	)
Unrealized loss on investments, net of tax		-		-		-			-			-		(1,364	)		-		(1,364	)
Treasury stock purchased		-		-		(363	)		(3,828	)		-		-			-		(3,828	)
Share-based compensation expense		-		-		-			-			2,416		-			-		2,416
Common stock issued		540		6		(146	)		(1,610	)		653		-			-		(951	)
BALANCE, March 31, 2022		89,264	$	893		(20,485	)	$	(282,333	)	$	677,311	$	(1,541	)	$	284,050	$	678,380

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

PERDOCEO EDUCATION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
(In Thousands)	2023			2022

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	34,484		$	32,078
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash provided by operating activities:
Asset impairment		570			-
Depreciation and amortization expense		5,155			4,882
Bad debt expense		10,757			13,715
Compensation expense related to share-based awards		2,294			2,416
Deferred income taxes		304			986
Changes in operating assets and liabilities		(48,992	)		(31,923	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		4,572			22,154

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of available-for-sale investments		(83,777	)		(194,997	)
Sales of available-for-sale investments		64,344			59,825
Purchases of property and equipment		(1,925	)		(4,742	)
Business acquisition		-			(7,000	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(21,358	)		(146,914	)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of common stock		247			659
Purchase of treasury stock		(815	)		(3,828	)
Payments of employee tax associated with stock compensation		(2,209	)		(1,610	)
Release of cash held in escrow		-			(3,986	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(2,777	)		(8,765	)

NET DECREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH		(19,563	)		(133,525	)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, beginning of the period		118,884			325,178
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of the period	$	99,321		$	191,653

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

PERDOCEO EDUCATION CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY

Perdoceo’s accredited academic institutions offer a quality postsecondary education primarily online to a diverse student population, along with campus-based and blended learning programs. The Company’s academic institutions – Colorado Technical University (“CTU”) and the American InterContinental University System (“AIUS” or “AIU System”) – provide degree programs from the associate through doctoral level as well as non-degree seeking and professional development programs. Our academic institutions offer students industry-relevant and career-focused academic programs that are designed to meet the educational needs of today’s busy adults. CTU and AIUS continue to show innovation in higher education, advancing personalized learning technologies like their intellipath® learning platform and using data analytics and technology to serve and educate students while enhancing overall learning and academic experiences. Perdoceo is committed to providing quality education that closes the gap between learners who seek to advance their careers and employers needing a qualified workforce.

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” “Perdoceo” and “PEC” refer to Perdoceo Education Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein include the accounts of Perdoceo Education Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Our reporting segments are determined in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 280 – Segment Reporting and are based upon how the Company analyzes performance and makes decisions. Each segment represents a postsecondary education provider that offers a variety of academic programs. We organize our business across two reporting segments: CTU and AIUS.

3. BUSINESS ACQUISITION

On December 1, 2022, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Coding Dojo.

Founded in 2013, Coding Dojo offers computer programming and general technology upskilling and reskilling development opportunities supported by its quality technology platform and in-demand courses including software development, data science and cybersecurity. Coding Dojo is reported within the CTU segment. The preliminary purchase price of $64.9 million includes an initial $52.8 million cash payment funded with cash from operations as well as an estimate of the fair value of contingent consideration of $12.7 million and estimated post-closing working capital adjustments. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, a portion of the post-closing contingent consideration payment will be made in early 2024, with the remainder to be paid in early 2025 up to total maximum payments of $15.0 million, with the final payment amounts to be based upon achievement of certain financial metrics. Additionally, pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreement, $7.5 million of the initial cash payment was set aside in escrow accounts to secure indemnification obligations of the seller after closing and fund any post-closing working capital adjustments and is reflected as restricted cash on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The preliminary purchase price of $64.9 million was allocated to estimated fair values of acquired tangible and identifiable intangible assets of $78.5 million and assumed liabilities of $13.6 million as of December 1, 2022. Intangible assets acquired include customer relationships with an estimated fair value of approximately $1.3 million and an estimated useful life of 1 year, a trade name with an estimated fair value of approximately $5.1 million and an estimated useful life of 10 years and developed technology with an estimated fair value of $6.0 million and an estimated useful life of 5 years. Based on our preliminary purchase price allocation, we have recorded goodwill of $59.8 million. Goodwill reflects the revenue growth opportunities following the acquisition. Substantially all of this goodwill balance will not be deductible for income tax reporting purposes. Subsequent adjustments may be made to the purchase price allocation once the fair values of acquired assets and liabilities, as well as the fair value of contingent consideration, are finalized.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of December 1, 2022 (dollars in thousands):


(Preliminary)	Coding Dojo
Assets:	December 1, 2022
Student receivables, net	$	5,344
Prepaid and other assets		408
Property, equipment and ROU assets		552
Intangible assets subject to amortization
Trade name		5,100
Customer relationships		1,260
Developed technology		6,030
Goodwill		59,806
Total assets acquired	$	78,500
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities		2,069
Deferred revenue		10,324
Deferred tax liability, net		1,221
Total liabilities assumed	$	13,614

Net assets acquired	$	64,886

The purchase price allocation is preliminary because the evaluations necessary to assess the fair values of the net assets acquired are still in process. Pro forma financial information relating to the Coding Dojo acquisition is not presented because the acquisition is not deemed material to the Company.

4. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent accounting guidance not yet adopted

In June 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The amendments in this ASU clarify that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments also clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. For all public business entities, ASU 2022-03 is effective for annual periods and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024; early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating this guidance and believe the adoption will not significantly impact the presentation of our financial condition, results of operations and disclosures.

5. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Investments consist of the following as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):


	March 31, 2023
			Gross Unrealized
	Cost		Gain		(Loss)			Fair Value
Short-term investments (available for sale):
Municipal bonds	$	3,005	$	-	$	(8	)	$	2,997
Non-governmental debt securities		216,958		53		(2,255	)		214,756
Treasury and federal agencies		205,023		43		(1,876	)		203,190
Total short-term investments (available for sale)	$	424,986	$	96	$	(4,139	)	$	420,943


	December 31, 2022
			Gross Unrealized
	Cost		Gain		(Loss)			Fair Value
Short-term investments (available for sale):
Municipal bonds	$	3,016	$	-	$	(22	)	$	2,994
Non-governmental debt securities		222,575		37		(2,880	)		219,732
Treasury and federal agencies		179,068		6		(2,485	)		176,589
Total short-term investments (available for sale)	$	404,659	$	43	$	(5,387	)	$	399,315

In the table above, unrealized holding gains (losses) relate to short-term investments that have been in a continuous unrealized gain (loss) position for less than one year.

Our non-governmental debt securities primarily consist of corporate bonds, certificates of deposit and commercial paper. Our treasury and federal agencies primarily consist of U.S. Treasury bills and federal home loan debt securities.

Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC Topic 820 – Fair Value Measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

As of March 31, 2023, we held investments that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These investments (available for sale) consist of municipal bonds, non-governmental debt securities and treasury and federal agencies securities. Available for sale securities included in Level 2 are estimated based on observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, such as quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

All of our available for sale investments were measured under Level 2 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Additionally, money market funds of $33.1 million and $40.1 million included within cash and cash equivalents on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were measured under Level 1, and commercial paper of $3.0 million included within cash and cash equivalents on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 were measured under Level 2.

Equity Method Investment

Our investment in an equity affiliate, which is recorded within other noncurrent assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, represents an international investment in a private company. As of March 31, 2023, our investment in an equity affiliate equated to 30.7%, or $1.2 million.

During each of the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded less than $0.1 million of loss related to our equity affiliate within miscellaneous expense on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

We make periodic operating maintenance payments to our equity affiliate. The total fees recorded during the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Maintenance Fee Payments
For the quarter ended March 31, 2023	$	431
For the quarter ended March 31, 2022	$	433

Credit Agreement

On September 8, 2021, the Company and the subsidiary guarantors thereunder entered into a credit agreement with Wintrust Bank N.A. (“Wintrust”), in its capacities as the sole lead arranger, sole bookrunner, administrative agent and letter of credit issuer for the lenders from time to time parties thereto. The credit agreement provides the Company with the benefit of a $125.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility. The $125.0 million revolving credit facility under the credit agreement is scheduled to mature on September 8, 2024. So long as no default has occurred and other conditions have been met, the Company may request an increase in the aggregate commitment in an amount not to exceed $50.0 million. The loans and letter of credit obligations under the credit agreement are secured by substantially all assets of the Company and the subsidiary guarantors.

The credit agreement and the ancillary documents executed in connection therewith contain customary affirmative, negative and financial maintenance covenants. The Company is required to maintain unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments in domestic accounts in an amount at least equal to the aggregate loan commitments then in effect. Acquisitions to be undertaken by the Company must meet certain criteria, and the Company’s ability to make restricted payments, including payments in connection with a repurchase of shares of our common stock, is subject to an aggregate maximum of $100.0 million per fiscal year. Upon the occurrence of certain regulatory events or if the Company’s unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short term investments are less than 125% of the aggregate amount of the loan commitments then in effect, the Company is required to maintain cash in a segregated, restricted account in an amount not less than the aggregate loan commitments then in effect. The credit agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, events of default, and rights and remedies upon the occurrence of any event of default thereunder, including rights to accelerate the loans, terminate the commitments and realize upon the collateral securing the obligations under the credit agreement.

Under the credit agreement, outstanding principal amounts bear annual interest at a fluctuating rate equal to 1.0% less than the administrative agent’s prime commercial rate, subject to a 3.0% minimum rate. A higher rate may apply to late payments or if any event of default exists.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility.

6. REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2023								For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2022
	CTU (3)		AIUS (4)		Corporate and Other		Total		CTU		AIUS		Corporate and Other		Total
Tuition, net (1)	$	117,998	$	66,645	$	-	$	184,643	$	106,927	$	65,451	$	-	$	172,378
Technology and miscellaneous fees		5,423		3,253		-		8,676		5,624		3,325		-		8,949
Total tuition and fees, net		123,421		69,898		-		193,319		112,551		68,776		-		181,327
Other revenue (2)		1,071		942		266		2,279		597		756		279		1,632
Total revenue	$	124,492	$	70,840	$	266	$	195,598	$	113,148	$	69,532	$	279	$	182,959

__________________

(1)

Tuition includes revenue earned for all degree-granting programs as well as revenue earned for non-degree and professional development programs.

(2)

Other revenue primarily includes contract training revenue and miscellaneous non-student related revenue.

(3)

CTU includes revenue related to an acquisition completed on December 1, 2022.

(4)

AIUS includes revenue related to an acquisition completed on July 1, 2022.

Performance Obligations

Our revenue, which is derived primarily from academic programs taught to students who attend our universities, is generally segregated into two categories: (1) tuition and fees, and (2) other. Tuition and fees represent costs to our students for educational services provided by our universities and are reflected net of scholarships and tuition discounts. Our universities charge tuition and fees at varying amounts, depending on the university, the type of program and specific curriculum. Our universities bill students a single charge that covers tuition, certain fees and required program materials, such as textbooks and supplies, which we treat as a single performance obligation. Generally, we bill student tuition at the beginning of each academic term for our degree programs and recognize the tuition as revenue on a straight-line basis over the academic term. As part of a student’s course of instruction, certain fees, such as technology fees and graduation fees, are billed separately to students. These fees are generally earned over the applicable term and are not considered separate performance obligations. We generally bill student tuition upon enrollment for our non-degree professional development programs and recognize the tuition as revenue on a straight-line basis over the length of the offering.

Other revenue, which primarily consists of contract training revenue and miscellaneous non-student related revenue, is billed and recognized as goods are delivered or services are performed.

Our institutions’ academic year is generally at least 30 weeks in length but varies both by institution and program of study and is divided by academic terms. Academic terms are determined by regulatory requirements mandated by the federal government and/or applicable accrediting body, which also vary by university and program. Academic terms are determined by start dates, which vary by university and program and are generally 8-12 weeks in length. Our non-degree professional development programs are available via subscription –based access for up to 52 weeks or online courses which are generally 12-18 weeks in length.

Contract Assets

For each term, the portion of tuition and fee payments received from students but not yet earned is recorded as deferred revenue and reported as a current liability on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, as we expect to earn these revenues within the next year. A contract asset is recorded for each student for the current term for which they are enrolled for the amount charged for the current term that has not yet been received as payment and to which we do not have the unconditional right to receive payment because the student has not reached the point in the student’s current academic term at which the amount billed is no longer refundable to the student. On a student by student basis, the contract asset is offset against the deferred revenue balance for the current term and

the net deferred revenue balance is reflected within current liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For certain of our institutions, students are billed as they enroll in courses, including courses related to future periods. Any billings for future periods would meet the definition of a contract asset as we do not have the unconditional right to receive payment as the course has not yet started. Contract assets related to future periods are offset against the respective deferred revenue associated with the future period.

Due to the short-term nature of our academic terms, the contract asset balance which exists at the beginning of each quarter will no longer be a contract asset at the end of that quarter, with the exception of the contract assets associated with future periods. The decrease in contract asset balances are a result of one of the following: it becomes a student receivable balance once a student reaches the point in a student’s academic term where the amount billed is no longer refundable to the student; a refund is made to withdrawn students for the portion entitled to be refunded under each institutions’ refund policy; we receive funds to apply against the contract asset balance; or a student makes a change to the number of classes they are enrolled in which may cause an adjustment to their previously billed amount. As of the end of each quarter, a new contract asset is determined on a student by student basis based on the most recently started term and a student’s progress within that term as compared to the date at which the student is no longer entitled to a refund under each institution’s refund policy. Contract assets associated with future periods remain as contract assets until the course begins and the student reaches the point in that course that they are no longer entitled to a refund.

The amount of deferred revenue balances which are being offset with contract assets balances as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (dollars in thousands):


	As of
	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Gross deferred revenue	$	65,832		$	107,200
Gross contract assets		(21,122	)		(35,610	)
Deferred revenue, net	$	44,710		$	71,590

Deferred Revenue

Changes in our deferred revenue balances for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (dollars in thousands):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2023									For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2022
	CTU			AIUS			Total			CTU			AIUS			Total
Gross deferred revenue, January 1	$	67,245		$	39,955		$	107,200		$	64,674		$	49,045		$	113,719
Revenue earned from prior balances		(54,712	)		(29,753	)		(84,465	)		(53,952	)		(36,987	)		(90,939	)
Billings during period(1)		100,012			53,132			153,144			86,621			48,575			135,196
Revenue earned for new billings during the period		(68,709	)		(40,145	)		(108,854	)		(58,599	)		(31,789	)		(90,388	)
Other adjustments		(1,464	)		271			(1,193	)		599			(337	)		262
Gross deferred revenue, March 31	$	42,372		$	23,460		$	65,832		$	39,343		$	28,507		$	67,850

______________

(1)

Billings during period includes adjustments for prior billings.

Cash Receipts

If a student withdraws from one of our academic institutions prior to the completion of the academic term, we refund the portion of tuition and fees already paid that, pursuant to our refund policy and applicable federal and state law and accrediting agency standards, we are not entitled to retain. Generally, the amount to be refunded to a student is calculated based upon the percent of the term attended and the amount of tuition and fees paid by the student as of their withdrawal date. In certain circumstances, we have recognized revenue for students who have withdrawn that we are not entitled to retain. We have estimated a reserve for these limited circumstances based on historical evidence in the amount of $2.4 million and $2.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Students are typically entitled to a partial refund until approximately halfway through their term. Pursuant to each university’s policy, once a student reaches the point in the term where no refund is given, the student would not have a refund due if withdrawing from the university subsequent to that date.

7. STUDENT RECEIVABLES

Student receivables represent funds owed to us in exchange for the educational services provided to a student. Student receivables are reflected net of an allowance for credit losses at the end of the reporting period. Student receivables, net, are reflected on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as components of both current and non-current assets. We do not charge interest on any of our payment plans.

Our students pay for their costs through a variety of funding sources, including federal loan and grant programs, institutional payment plans, employer reimbursement, Veterans’ Administration and other military funding and grants, private and institutional scholarships and cash payments, as well as private loans. Cash receipts from government related sources are typically received during the current academic term. We typically receive funds after the end of an academic session for students who receive employer reimbursements. Students who have not applied for any type of financial aid or students whose financial aid may not fully cover the cost of their tuition and fees generally set up a payment plan with the institution and make payments on a monthly basis per the terms of the payment plan. For those balances that are not received during the academic term, the balance is typically due within the current academic year which is approximately 30 weeks in length. Generally, a student receivable balance is written off once a student is out of school and it reaches greater than 90 days past due.

Our standard student receivable allowance is based on an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses for student receivables. Our estimation methodology considers a number of quantitative and qualitative factors that, based on our collection experience, we believe have an impact on our repayment risk and ability to collect student receivables. Changes in the trends in any of these factors may impact our estimate of the allowance for credit losses. These factors include, but are not limited to: internal repayment history, changes in the current economic, legislative or regulatory environments, internal cash collection forecasts and the ability to complete the federal financial aid process with the student. These factors are monitored and assessed on a regular basis. Overall, our allowance estimation process for student receivables is validated by trend analysis and comparing estimated and actual performance.

We have an immaterial amount of student receivables that are due greater than 12 months from the date of our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the amount of non-current student receivables under payment plans that are longer than 12 months in duration, net of allowance for credit losses, was $1.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses

We define student receivables as a portfolio segment under ASC Topic 326 – Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. Changes in our current and non-current allowance for credit losses related to our student receivable portfolio in accordance with the guidance under ASU 2016-13 for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (dollars in thousands):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	43,141		$	39,255
Provision for credit losses		10,757			13,715
Amounts written-off		(10,528	)		(10,264	)
Recoveries		574			951
Balance, end of period	$	43,944		$	43,657

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amount reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets for the current portion of student receivables approximates fair value because of the nature of these financial instruments as they generally have short maturity periods. It is not practicable to estimate the fair value of the non-current portion of student receivables, since observable market data is not readily available, and no reasonable estimation methodology exists.

8. LEASES

We lease most of our administrative and educational facilities under non-cancelable operating leases expiring at various dates through 2032. Lease terms generally range from five to ten years with one to four renewal options for extended terms. In most cases, we are required to make additional payments under facility operating leases for taxes, insurance and other operating expenses incurred during the operating lease period, which are typically variable in nature.

We determine if a contract contains a lease when the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Upon identification and commencement of a lease, we establish a right of use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability.

Quantitative information related to leases is presented in the following table (dollars in thousands):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2023			For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2022
Lease expenses (1)
Fixed lease expenses - operating	$	1,696		$	2,767
Variable lease expenses - operating		581			815
Sublease income		(311	)		(276	)
Total lease expenses	$	1,966		$	3,306

Other information
Gross operating cash flows for operating leases (2)	$	(2,866	)	$	(4,555	)
Operating cash flows from subleases (2)	$	292		$	274

	As of March 31, 2023			As of March 31, 2022
Weighted average remaining lease term (in months) – operating leases		61			68
Weighted average discount rate – operating leases		4.8	%		4.9	%

__________________

(1)

Lease expense and sublease income represent the amount recorded within our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. Variable lease amounts represent expenses recognized as incurred which are not included in the lease liability. Fixed lease expenses and sublease income are recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term and therefore are not necessarily representative of cash payments during the same period.

(2)

Cash flows are presented on a consolidated basis and represent cash payments for fixed and variable lease costs.

Subleases

Historically, for certain of our leased locations we have vacated the facility and have fully or partially subleased the space. As of March 31, 2023, we have one sublease with a remaining term of two months, for which we remain the guarantor under the lease and therefore become the intermediate lessor. We have recognized sublease income of $0.3 million for each of the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, as an offset to lease expense on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

9. CONTINGENCIES

An accrual for estimated legal fees of $4.9 million and $1.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, is presented within other current liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate, at least quarterly, developments in our legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that was previously accrued and make adjustments as further information develops, circumstances change or contingencies are resolved. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount. We may be unable to estimate a possible loss or range of possible loss due to various reasons, including, among others: (1) if the damages sought are indeterminate; (2) if the proceedings are in early stages; (3) if there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals, motions or settlements; (4) if there are significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; and (5) if there are novel or unsettled legal theories presented. In such instances, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including a possible eventual loss, if any.

On April 8, 2022, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from the Department of Justice (“DOJ”). The CID requests information and documentation from CTU regarding compliance with federal financial aid credit hour requirements for five of its entry-level courses as well as information regarding CTU’s learning management system. The information sought covers the time period from January 1, 2017 to the present. On October 27, 2022 we learned that the allegations underlying this inquiry were made as part of a civil qui tam complaint filed by an individual and brought pursuant to the federal False Claims Act. The case remains under seal in the United States District Court for the district of Colorado and includes the same allegations against both CTU and AIU which use the same learning management system. The Company is cooperating with the DOJ with a view towards resolving this inquiry as promptly as possible.

We receive from time-to-time requests from state attorneys general, federal and state government agencies and accreditors relating to our institutions, to specific complaints they have received from students or former students or to student loan forgiveness claims which seek information about students, our programs, and other matters relating to our activities. These requests can be broad and time consuming to respond to, and there is a risk that they could expand and/or lead to a formal action or claims of non-compliance. We are subject to a variety of other claims, lawsuits, arbitrations and investigations that arise from time to time out of the conduct of our business, including, but not limited to, matters involving prospective students, students or former students, alleged

violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, both individually and on behalf of a putative class, and employment matters. Periodically matters arise that we consider outside the scope of ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business. While we currently believe that these matters, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. Were an unfavorable outcome to occur in any one or more of these matters, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our business, reputation, financial position and cash flows.

Contingent Consideration for Business Acquisitions

We have an accrual for contingent consideration amounts related to the Coding Dojo acquisition in the aggregate fair value amount of $12.7 million as of March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the acquisition agreement, post-closing contingent consideration payments are expected to be paid in January 2024 and January 2025, based upon the achievement of certain financial metrics, with an aggregate maximum for the two payments of $15.0 million. The determination of the estimated fair value of contingent consideration requires significant estimates and assumptions, and as such, this fair value measurement is categorized as Level 3 per ASC Topic 820. These estimates and assumptions primarily include, but are not limited to, operating cash flow projections, discount rate and volatility rate. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in deriving those estimates, actual results could differ from those estimates.

10. INCOME TAXES

The determination of the annual effective tax rate is based upon a number of significant estimates and judgments, including the estimated annual pretax income in each tax jurisdiction in which we operate and the ongoing development of tax planning strategies during the year. In addition, our provision for income taxes can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, as well as other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.

The following is a summary of our provision for income taxes and effective tax rate:


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
(Dollars in Thousands)	2023			2022
Pretax income	$	47,053		$	43,834
Provision for income taxes	$	12,569		$	11,756
Effective rate		26.7	%		26.8	%

As of December 31, 2022, a valuation allowance of $22.5 million was maintained with respect to our foreign tax credits not supported by an Overall Domestic Loss (“ODL”) account balance, equity investment, available for sale short-term investments and state net operating losses. Due to a reduction in the cumulative unrealized holding loss on available for sale short-term investments that is reflected in total other comprehensive income (loss), the deferred tax asset and valuation allowance with respect to this item was reduced from $1.3 million to $1.0 million during the current quarter. After considering both positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets, we have determined that it is necessary to continue to maintain a $22.2 million valuation allowance against our non-ODL supported foreign tax credits, equity investment, available for sale short-term investments and state net operating losses as of March 31, 2023.

The effective tax rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 was impacted by the tax effect of share-based compensation and the release of previously recorded tax reserves. The net effect of these discrete items decreased the effective tax rate by 0.8%. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 was impacted by the tax effect of share-based compensation and the release of previously recorded tax reserves, the net effect of which increased the effective tax rate by 0.5%.

We estimate that it is reasonably possible that the gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits for a variety of uncertain tax positions will decrease by up to $6.4 million in the next twelve months as a result of the completion of various tax audits currently in process and the expiration of the statute of limitations in several jurisdictions. The income tax rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 does not take into account the possible reduction of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. The impact of a reduction to the liability will be treated as a discrete item in the period the reduction occurs. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. As of March 31, 2023, we had accrued $2.6 million as an estimate for reasonably possible interest and accrued penalties.

Our tax returns are routinely examined by federal, state and local tax authorities and these audits are at various stages of completion at any given time. The Internal Revenue Service has completed its examination of our U.S. income tax returns through our tax year ended December 31, 2014.

11. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Overview

The Perdoceo Education Corporation Amended and Restated 2016 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2016 Plan”) became effective (as the Career Education Corporation 2016 Incentive Compensation Plan) on May 24, 2016, and the amendment and restatement of the 2016 Plan became effective on June 3, 2021, upon its approval by the Company’s stockholders. Under the 2016 Plan, Perdoceo may grant to eligible participants awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred stock, performance units, annual incentive awards, and substitute awards, which generally may be settled in cash or shares of our common stock. The vesting of all types of awards is subject to possible acceleration in certain circumstances. If a plan participant terminates employment for any reason other than by death or disability during the vesting period, the right to unvested awards is generally forfeited.

Restricted Stock Units

For the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted approximately 0.4 million and 0.3 million restricted stock units, respectively, which are not “performance-based” and which have a grant-date fair value of approximately $5.3 million and $2.9 million, respectively.

Additionally, for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted approximately 0.3 million and 0.4 million restricted stock units, respectively, which are “performance-based” and which have a grant-date fair value of approximately $4.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The performance-based restricted stock units are subject to performance conditions which are determined at the time of grant and typically cover a three-year performance period. These performance conditions may result in all units being forfeited even if the requisite service period is met.

All restricted stock units granted in 2023 and 2022 are to be settled in shares of our common stock.

Stock Options

There were no stock options granted during each of the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

Total share-based compensation expense for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 for all types of awards was as follows (dollars in thousands):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
Award Type	2023		2022
Stock options	$	-	$	89
Restricted stock units settled in stock		2,291		2,323
Total share-based compensation expense	$	2,291	$	2,412

As of March 31, 2023, we estimate that total compensation expense of approximately $21.0 million will be recognized over the next four years for all unvested share-based awards that have been granted to participants. This amount excludes any estimates of forfeitures.

12. STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM

On January 27, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new stock repurchase program for up to $50.0 million which commenced March 1, 2022 and expires September 30, 2023. The other terms of the new stock repurchase program are consistent with the Company’s previous stock repurchase program which expired February 28, 2022.

The timing of purchases and the number of shares repurchased under the program will be determined by the Company’s management and will depend on a variety of factors including stock price, trading volume and other general market and economic conditions, its assessment of alternative uses of capital, regulatory requirements and other factors. Repurchases will be made in open market transactions, including block purchases, conducted in accordance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act as well as may be made pursuant to trading plans established under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, which would permit shares to be repurchased when the Company might otherwise be precluded from doing so under insider trading laws. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to purchase shares and the Company may, in its discretion, begin, suspend or terminate repurchases at any time, without any prior notice.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased less than 0.1 million shares of our common stock for approximately $0.8 million at an average price of $13.61 per share and during the quarter ended March 31, 2022, we repurchased 0.4 million shares of our common stock for approximately $3.8 million at an average price of $10.56 per share.

As of March 31, 2023, approximately $26.0 million was available under our authorized stock repurchase program to repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock. Shares of stock repurchased under the program are held as treasury shares. These repurchased shares have reduced the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share calculations.

13. WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares assuming dilution. Dilutive common shares outstanding is computed using the Treasury Stock Method and reflects the additional shares that would be outstanding if dilutive stock options were exercised and restricted stock units were settled for common shares during the period.

The weighted average number of common shares used to compute basic and diluted net income per share for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (shares in thousands):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Basic common shares outstanding		67,235		68,746
Common stock equivalents		1,279		821
Diluted common shares outstanding		68,514		69,567

For the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, certain unexercised stock option awards are excluded from our computations of diluted earnings per share, as these shares were out-of-the-money and their effect would have been anti-dilutive. The anti-dilutive options that were excluded from our computations of diluted earnings per share were 0.1 million and 0.3 million shares for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

14. SEGMENT REPORTING

Our segments are determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 280—Segment Reporting and are based upon how the Company analyzes performance and makes decisions. Each segment is comprised of an accredited postsecondary education institution that offers a variety of academic programs. As of March 31, 2023, our two segments are:

♦ Colorado Technical University (CTU) is committed to providing quality and industry-relevant higher education to a diverse student population through innovative technology and experienced faculty, enabling the pursuit of personal and professional goals. CTU is focused on serving adult, non-traditional students seeking career advancement, as well as addressing employer’s needs for a well-educated workforce. CTU offers academic programs in the career-oriented disciplines of business and management, nursing, healthcare management, computer science, engineering, information systems and technology, project management, cybersecurity and criminal justice. Students pursue their degrees through fully-online programs, local campuses and blended formats, which combine campus-based and online education. As of March 31, 2023, students enrolled at CTU represented approximately 62% of our total enrollments. Approximately 97% of CTU’s students are enrolled in programs offered fully online. Students at CTU's ground-based campuses take both in-person and virtual classes.

♦ The American InterContinental University System (AIUS or AIU System) is committed to providing quality and accessible higher education opportunities for a diverse student population, including adult and other non-traditional learners and the military community. AIUS places emphasis on the educational, professional and personal growth of each student. AIUS offers academic programs in the career-oriented disciplines of business studies, information technologies, education, health sciences and criminal justice. Students pursue their degrees through fully-online programs, local campuses and blended formats, which combine campus-based and online education. As of March 31, 2023, students enrolled at AIUS represented approximately 38% of our total enrollments. Approximately 97% of AIUS’ students are enrolled in programs offered fully online. Students at AIUS' ground-based campus take both in-person and virtual classes.

Summary financial information by reporting segment is as follows (dollars in thousands):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
	Revenue										Operating Income (Loss)
	2023		% of Total			2022		% of Total			2023			2022
CTU (1)	$	124,492		63.7	%	$	113,148		61.8	%	$	43,690		$	43,026
AIUS (2)		70,840		36.2	%		69,532		38.0	%		12,003			9,523
Corporate and Other		266		0.1	%		279		0.2	%		(12,357	)		(8,856	)
Total	$	195,598		100.0	%	$	182,959		100.0	%	$	43,336		$	43,693


	Total Assets as of (3)
	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
CTU	$	254,454	$	247,510
AIUS		192,092		185,943
Corporate and Other		516,466		523,915
Total	$	963,012	$	957,368

(1)

CTU results of operations include the Coding Dojo acquisition commencing on the December 1, 2022 date of acquisition.

(2)

AIUS results of operations include the CalSouthern acquisition commencing on the July 1, 2022 date of acquisition.

(3)

Total assets are presented on a condensed consolidated basis and do not include intercompany receivable or payable activity between institutions and corporate and investments in subsidiaries.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The discussion below and other items in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain “forward-looking statements,” as defined in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that reflect our current expectations regarding our future growth, results of operations, cash flows, performance and business prospects and opportunities, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. We have tried to identify forward-looking statements by using words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” ”will,” “continue to,” “focused on” and similar expressions, but these words are not the exclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements. These statements are based on information currently available to us and are subject to various risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including, but not limited to, those matters discussed in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 that could cause our actual growth, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, performance, business prospects and opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements. Except as expressly required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update such factors or to publicly announce the results of any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events, developments, or changed circumstances or for any other reason. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, our forward-looking statements are the following:

•

declines in enrollment or interest in our programs;

•

our continued compliance with and eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs under the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (including the 90-10, financial responsibility and administrative capability standards prescribed by the U.S. Department of Education (the “Department”)), as well as applicable accreditation standards and state regulatory requirements;

•

the impact of various versions of “borrower defense to repayment” regulations;

•

rulemaking by the Department or any state or accreditor and increased focus by Congress and governmental agencies on, or increased negative publicity about, for-profit education institutions;

•

the success of our initiatives to improve student experiences, retention and academic outcomes;

•

our continued eligibility to participate in educational assistance programs for veterans and other military personnel;

•

increased competition;

•

the impact of management changes; and

•

changes in the overall U.S. economy.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The MD&A is intended to help investors understand the results of operations, financial condition and present business environment. The MD&A is organized as follows:

•

Overview

•

Consolidated Results of Operations

•

Segment Results of Operations

•

Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

•

Liquidity, Financial Position and Capital Resources

OVERVIEW

Our accredited academic institutions offer a quality postsecondary education primarily online to a diverse student population, along with campus-based and blended learning programs. The Company’s academic institutions – Colorado Technical University (“CTU”) and the American InterContinental University System (“AIUS” or “AIU System”) – provide degree programs from the associate through doctoral level as well as non-degree seeking and professional development programs. Our academic institutions offer students industry-relevant and career-focused academic programs that are designed to meet the educational needs of today’s busy adults. CTU and AIUS continue to show innovation in higher education, advancing personalized learning technologies like their intellipath® learning platform and using data analytics and technology to serve and educate students while enhancing overall learning and academic experiences. Perdoceo is committed to providing quality education that closes the gap between learners who seek to advance their careers and employers needing a qualified workforce.

Our reporting segments are determined in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)Topic 280 – Segment Reporting and are based upon how the Company analyzes performance and makes decisions. Each segment represents a postsecondary education provider that offers a variety of academic programs. We organize our business across two reporting segments: CTU and AIUS.

Regulatory Environment and Political Uncertainty

We operate in a highly regulated industry, which has significant impacts on our business and creates risks and uncertainties. In recent years, Congress, the Department, states, accrediting agencies, the CFPB, the FTC, state attorneys general and the media have all scrutinized the for-profit postsecondary education sector. Congressional hearings and roundtable discussions were held regarding various aspects of the education industry, including issues surrounding student debt as well as publicly reported student outcomes that may be used as part of an institution’s recruiting and admissions practices, and reports were issued that are highly critical of for-profit colleges and universities. A group of influential U.S. senators, consumer advocacy groups and some media outlets have strongly and repeatedly encouraged the Department, DoD and the VA and its state approving agencies to take action to limit or terminate the participation of institutions such as ours in existing tuition assistance programs. In addition, targeted loan relief to student borrowers is a stated priority for the Department, and consumer advocacy groups and others are focusing their lobbying and other efforts relating to student debt forgiveness on for-profit colleges and universities, encouraging loan discharge applications and complaints by former students.

The current administration, as well as Congress, are pursuing significant legislative, regulatory and administrative actions affecting our business. A loss or material reduction in Title IV Programs or the amount of student financial aid for which our students are eligible would materially impact our student enrollments and profitability and could impact the continued viability of our business as currently conducted.

We encourage you to review Item 1, “Business,” and Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K to learn more about our highly regulated industry and related risks and uncertainties, in addition to the MD&A in our 2023 Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

Note Regarding Non-GAAP measures

We believe it is useful to present non-GAAP financial measures which exclude certain significant and non-cash items as a means to understand the performance of our core business. As a general matter, we use non-GAAP financial measures in conjunction with results presented in accordance with GAAP to help analyze the performance of our core business, assist with preparing the annual operating plan, and measure performance for some forms of compensation. In addition, we believe that non-GAAP financial information is used by analysts and others in the investment community to analyze our historical results and to provide estimates of future performance.

We believe certain non-GAAP measures allow us to compare our current operating results with respective historical periods and with the operational performance of other companies in our industry because it does not give effect to potential differences caused by items we do not consider reflective of underlying operating performance. We believe the items we are adjusting for are not normal operating expenses necessary to run our business. In evaluating the use of non-GAAP measures, investors should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments presented below. Our presentation of non-GAAP measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by expenses that are unusual, non-routine or non-recurring. A non-GAAP measure has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for net income, operating income, earnings per diluted share, or any other performance measure derived in accordance with and reported under GAAP or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities or as a measure of our liquidity.

Non-GAAP financial measures, when viewed in a reconciliation to respective GAAP financial measures, provide an additional way of viewing the Company's results of operations and the factors and trends affecting the Company's business. Non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, the respective financial results presented in accordance with GAAP.

2023 First Quarter Overview

During the quarter ended March 31, 2023 ("current quarter"), we remained focused on serving and educating our students. We continued to see improvements in student retention at both CTU and AIUS. This improvement, in part, has been supported by various prospective student enrollment and student outreach changes implemented in the last two years that focus on enrolling learners who we believe will be more successful at one of our academic institutions.

Total student enrollments increased 0.8% at March 31, 2023 as compared to March 31, 2022, primarily driven by an increase at AIUS of 2.1% while total student enrollments remained flat at CTU. Excluding the comparability impact due to the academic calendar, we believe total student enrollments would have been higher at CTU and lower at AIUS as compared to the prior year quarter end.

During the current quarter we continued to experience growth in our corporate partnership programs, as our teams continue to support corporations around the country in educating and training their employees. The benefits and success of these programs, particularly at CTU, is something we are working to replicate and extend to our recent acquisitions and we will continue to invest in these programs, including technology upgrades aimed to further streamline the overall operating processes related to these partnership programs. In general, these partnerships take time to develop, and students are awarded higher tuition grants from the university to offset their tuition costs, resulting in lower revenue per student in any given period. However, we believe students participating in these programs typically experience higher retention over the course of their program, have better academic outcomes, graduate with no debt and ultimately may lead to a higher life-time value per student.

We believe investments in technology positively impact student experiences and academic outcomes and we remain committed to investing in and upgrading technology to further enhance academic experiences for our students. Over the past two years we have committed various investments in this area and we will continue to execute against those commitments into 2023.

During the current quarter we continued to experience improvements in student retention, in part, due to student loan relief initiatives implemented by the current administration. Additionally, we expect full year revenue to be modestly higher as compared to 2022, resulting from recent acquisitions, the academic calendar redesign at CTU and underlying organic improvements in student retention and engagement. However, total student enrollments at the end of 2023 are expected to be lower as compared to year end 2022, primarily due to the academic calendar redesign at CTU as well as operational changes at AIUS.

Financial Highlights

Revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 increased by 6.9% or $12.6 million as compared to the prior year quarter, resulting from an increase in revenue at both CTU and AIUS. The increase in revenue for the current quarter was driven by the acquisitions completed in 2022 that were not part of the comparative prior year quarter. Excluding these acquisitions, revenue would have been relatively flat as compared to the prior year quarter.

Operating income for the current quarter decreased by 0.8% to $43.3 million as compared to operating income of $43.7 million in the prior year quarter. The decrease in operating income for the current quarter was primarily due to increased legal fees, including legal fees associated with the responses to the Department of Education relating to loan forgiveness applications by former students.

The Company believes it is useful to present non-GAAP financial measures, which exclude certain significant and non-cash items, as a means to understand the performance of its operations. (See tables below for a GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation.) Adjusted operating income was $53.1 million for the current quarter as compared to $50.9 million for the prior year quarter.

Adjusted operating income and adjusted earnings per diluted share for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below (dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
Adjusted Operating Income	2023			2022

Operating income	$	43,336		$	43,693
Depreciation and amortization (1)		5,155			4,882
Legal fee expense related to certain matters (2)		4,619			2,347
Adjusted Operating Income	$	53,110		$	50,922

	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share	2023			2022

Reported Earnings Per Diluted Share	$	0.50		$	0.46
Pre-tax adjustments included in operating expenses:
Amortization for acquired intangible assets (1)		0.04			0.02
Legal fee expense related to certain matters (2)		0.07			0.03
Total pre-tax adjustments	$	0.11		$	0.05
Tax effect of adjustments (3)		(0.03	)		(0.01	)
Total adjustments after tax		0.08			0.04
Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share	$	0.58		$	0.50

(1)

Amortization relates to definite-lived intangible assets associated with acquisitions.

(2)

Legal fee expense associated with (i) responses to the Department of Education (the "Department") relating to borrower defense to repayment applications from former students, and (ii) acquisition efforts.

(3)

The tax effect of adjustments was calculated by multiplying the pre-tax adjustments with a tax rate of 25%. This tax rate is intended to reflect federal and state taxable jurisdictions as well as the nature of the adjustments.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The summary of selected financial data table below should be referenced in connection with a review of the following discussion of our results of operations for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
	2023			% of Total Revenue			2022			% of Total Revenue			2023 vs 2022 % Change
TOTAL REVENUE	$	195,598					$	182,959						6.9	%
OPERATING EXPENSES
Educational services and facilities (1)		33,851			17.3	%		28,088			15.4	%		20.5	%
General and administrative: (2)
Advertising and marketing		31,295			16.0	%		32,798			17.9	%		-4.6	%
Admissions		25,988			13.3	%		22,744			12.4	%		14.3	%
Administrative		44,646			22.8	%		37,039			20.2	%		20.5	%
Bad debt		10,757			5.5	%		13,715			7.5	%		-21.6	%
Total general and administrative expense		112,686			57.6	%		106,296			58.1	%		6.0	%
Depreciation and amortization		5,155			2.6	%		4,882			2.7	%		5.6	%
Asset impairment		570			0.3	%		-			0.0	%	NM
OPERATING INCOME		43,336			22.2	%		43,693			23.9	%		-0.8	%

PRETAX INCOME		47,053			24.1	%		43,834			24.0	%		7.3	%
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES		12,569			6.4	%		11,756			6.4	%		6.9	%
Effective tax rate		26.7	%					26.8	%

NET INCOME	$	34,484			17.6	%	$	32,078			17.5	%		7.5	%

(1)

Educational services and facilities expense includes costs attributable to the educational activities of our campuses, including: salaries and benefits of faculty, academic administrators and student support personnel, and costs of educational supplies and facilities, such as rents on leased facilities. Also included in educational services and facilities expense are rents on leased administrative facilities, such as our corporate headquarters, and costs of other goods and services provided by our campuses, including costs of textbooks and laptop computers.

(2)

General and administrative expense includes operating expenses associated with, including salaries and benefits of personnel in, corporate and campus administration, marketing, admissions, information technology, financial aid, accounting, human resources, legal and compliance. Other expenses within this expense category include costs of advertising and production of marketing materials and bad debt expense.

Revenue

Revenue for the first quarter of 2023 ("current quarter") increased 6.9% or $12.6 million as compared to the prior year quarter supported by a 0.8% increase in total student enrollments. The increase in revenue for the current quarter was driven by the acquisitions completed in 2022 that were not part of the comparative prior year quarter.

Educational Services and Facilities Expense (dollars in thousands)


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		2023 vs 2022 % Change
Educational services and facilities:
Academics & student related	$	31,123	$	23,694	31.4%
Occupancy		2,728		4,394	-37.9%
Total educational services and facilities	$	33,851	$	28,088	20.5%

The educational services and facilities expense for the current quarter increased by 20.5% or $5.8 million as compared to the prior year quarter. Academics and student related costs increased by 31.4% or $7.4 million for the current quarter as compared to the prior year quarter, primarily driven by a full quarter of expense associated with the 2022 acquisitions as compared to no expense in the prior year quarter. Occupancy expenses for the current quarter improved by 37.9% or $1.7 million as compared to the prior year quarter driven by decreases associated with exited leased facilities.

General and Administrative Expense (dollars in thousands)


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		2023 vs 2022 % Change
General and administrative:
Advertising and marketing	$	31,295	$	32,798	-4.6%
Admissions		25,988		22,744	14.3%
Administrative		44,646		37,039	20.5%
Bad debt		10,757		13,715	-21.6%
Total general and administrative expense	$	112,686	$	106,296	6.0%

The general and administrative expense for the current quarter increased by 6.0% or $6.4 million as compared to the prior year quarter, driven by increased administrative and admissions expenses. Partially offsetting the current quarter increases in administrative and admissions expenses were decreased advertising and marketing and bad debt expenses as compared to the prior year quarter.

The administrative expense increased by 20.5% or $7.6 million for the current quarter as compared to the prior year quarter, primarily driven by a full quarter of expense associated with the 2022 acquisitions as compared to no expense in the prior year quarter along with increased legal fees within Corporate and Other. Admissions expense for the current quarter increased by 14.3% or $3.2 million as compared to the prior year quarter, primarily as a result of supporting the increase in total student enrollments along with an increase due to the 2022 acquisitions, as mentioned above.

Advertising and marketing expense for the current quarter decreased by 4.6% or $1.5 million as compared to the prior year quarter, as a result of adjustments to our marketing processes related to identifying prospective student interest within both CTU and AIUS.

Bad debt expense incurred by each of our segments during the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (dollars in thousands):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
	2023			% of Segment Revenue			2022			% of Segment Revenue			2023 vs 2022 % Change
Bad debt expense:
CTU	$	7,125			5.7	%	$	7,185			6.4	%		-0.8	%
AIUS		3,635			5.1	%		6,551			9.4	%		-44.5	%
Corporate and Other		(3	)	NM				(21	)	NM			NM
Total bad debt expense	$	10,757			5.5	%	$	13,715			7.5	%		-21.6	%

Bad debt expense decreased by 21.6% or $3.0 million for the current quarter as compared to the prior year quarter, primarily as a result of improvement within AIUS. AIUS' bad debt expense decreased by 44.5% or $2.9 million for the current quarter as compared to the prior year quarter. CTU's bad debt expense remained relatively flat for the current quarter as compared to the prior year quarter. Bad debt as a percentage of revenue improved by 2.0% for the current quarter as compared to the prior year quarter.

We continue to expect quarterly fluctuations in bad debt expense. We regularly evaluate our reserve rates, which includes a quarterly update of our analysis of historical student receivable collectability based on the most recent data available and a review of current known factors which we believe could affect future collectability of our student receivables, such as the number of students that do not complete the financial aid process. Our student support teams have maintained their focus on financial aid documentation collection and are counseling students through the Title IV financial aid process so that they are better prepared to start school. We have also focused on emphasizing employer-paid and other direct-pay education programs such as corporate partnerships as students within these programs typically have lower bad debt expense associated with them.

Operating Income

Operating income decreased slightly by 0.8% or $0.4 million for the current quarter as compared to the prior year quarter as the increase in revenue driven by the prior year acquisitions was more than offset with increased expenses, primarily associated with legal fees and acquisitions.

Provision for Income Taxes

For the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a provision for income taxes of $12.6 million or 26.7% as compared to a provision for income taxes of $11.8 million or 26.8% for the prior year quarter. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 was impacted by the tax effect of share-based compensation and the release of previously recorded tax reserves, the net effect of which decreased the effective tax rate by 0.8%. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 was impacted by the tax effect of share-based compensation and the release of previously recorded tax reserves, the net effect of which increased the effective tax rate by 0.5%. For the full year 2023, we expect our effective tax rate to be between 26.0% and 27.0%.

SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following tables present unaudited segment results for the reported periods (dollars in thousands):


	For the Quarter Ended March 31,
	REVENUE							OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)									OPERATING MARGIN
	2023		2022		% Change			2023			2022			% Change			2023			2022
REVENUE:
CTU (1)	$	124,492	$	113,148		10.0	%	$	43,690		$	43,026			1.5	%		35.1	%		38.0	%
AIUS (2)		70,840		69,532		1.9	%		12,003			9,523			26.0	%		16.9	%		13.7	%
Corporate and other		266		279		-4.7	%		(12,357	)		(8,856	)		39.5	%	NM			NM
Total	$	195,598	$	182,959		6.9	%	$	43,336		$	43,693			-0.8	%		22.2	%		23.9	%

_________________

(1)

CTU’s results of operations include the Coding Dojo acquisition commencing on the December 1, 2022 date of acquisition.

(2)

AIUS’ results of operations include the CalSouthern acquisition commencing on the July 1, 2022 date of acquisition.


	TOTAL STUDENT ENROLLMENTS
	As of March 31,
	2023		2022		% Change
CTU		23,500		23,500		0.0	%
AIUS		14,400		14,100		2.1	%
Total		37,900		37,600		0.8	%

Total student enrollments represent all students who are active as of the last day of the reporting period. Active students are defined as those students who are considered in attendance by participating in class related activities during the previous two weeks. Total student enrollments do not include learners participating in: a) non-degree seeking and professional development programs, and b) degree seeking, non-Title IV, self-paced programs at our universities.

CTU. Current quarter revenue increased by 10.0% or $11.3 million as compared to the prior year quarter primarily driven by the 2022 acquisition which was not part of the comparative prior year period as well as underlying organic growth. Total student enrollments remained relatively flat as compared to the prior year quarter. Excluding the timing impact of the academic calendar, we believe total student enrollments would have increased as compared to the prior year quarter end.

Current quarter operating income for CTU increased by 1.5% or $0.7 million as compared to the prior year quarter driven by the increase in revenue discussed above as well as decreased occupancy expense, which were partially offset with increased academics, administration and admissions expenses for the current quarter as compared to the prior year quarter.

AIUS. Current quarter revenue increased by 1.9% or $1.3 million primarily driven by the 2022 acquisition which was not part of the comparative prior year period. Total student enrollment grew by 2.1% as of the end of the quarter as compared to the prior year quarter end. The increase in total student enrollments was positively impacted by the timing of the academic calendar during the current quarter as compared to the prior year quarter.

Current quarter operating income for AIUS increased by 26.0% or $2.5 million as compared to the prior year quarter driven by the increase in revenue discussed above. The current quarter improvement also benefitted from lower bad debt and marketing expenses.

Corporate and Other. This category includes unallocated costs that are incurred on behalf of the entire company. Total Corporate and Other operating loss for the current quarter increased by 39.5% or $3.5 million as compared to the prior year quarter, primarily as a result of increased legal fee expense, including legal fees associated with the borrower defense to repayment applications from former students.

SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

A detailed discussion of the accounting policies and estimates that we believe are most critical to our financial condition and results of operations that require management’s most subjective and complex judgments in estimating the effect of inherent uncertainties is included under the caption “Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 also includes a discussion of these and other significant accounting policies.

LIQUIDITY, FINANCIAL POSITION AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

As of March 31, 2023, cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and available-for-sale short-term investments (“cash balances”) totaled $520.3 million. Restricted cash as of March 31, 2023 was $9.5 million and relates to amounts held in escrow accounts to secure post-closing indemnification obligations of the sellers pursuant to recent acquisitions. Our cash flows from operating activities have historically been adequate to fulfill our liquidity requirements. We have historically financed our operating activities, organic growth and acquisitions primarily through cash generated from operations and existing cash balances. We expect to continue to generate cash during the remainder of 2023. We anticipate that we will be able to satisfy the cash requirements associated with, among other things, our working capital needs, capital expenditures, lease commitments and acquisitions through at least the next 12 months primarily with cash generated by operations and existing cash balances.

We maintain a balanced capital allocation strategy that focuses on maintaining a strong balance sheet and adequate liquidity, while (i) investing in organic projects at our universities, in particular technology-related initiatives which are designed to benefit our students, and (ii) evaluating diverse strategies to enhance stockholder value, including acquisitions that further extend the depth and breadth of our educational offerings and share repurchases. Ultimately, our goal is to deploy resources in a way that drives long term stockholder value while supporting and enhancing the academic value of our institutions.

On January 27, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new stock repurchase program for up to $50.0 million which commenced March 1, 2022 and expires September 30, 2023. The timing of purchases and the number of shares repurchased under the program will be determined by the Company’s management and will depend on a variety of factors including stock price, trading volume and other general market and economic conditions, its assessment of alternative uses of capital, regulatory requirements and other factors. Share repurchases will remain a part of our capital allocation strategy. Since the March 1, 2022 inception date, the Company repurchased approximately 2.2 million shares for $23.9 million, of which approximately 0.1 million shares were repurchased for $0.8 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

The discussion above reflects management’s expectations regarding liquidity; however, as a result of the significance of the Title IV Program funds received by our students, we are highly dependent on these funds to operate our business. Any reduction in the level of Title IV funds that our students are eligible to receive or any impact on timing or our ability to receive Title IV Program funds, or any requirement to post a significant letter of credit to the Department, may have a significant impact on our operations and our financial condition. In addition, our financial performance is dependent on the level of student enrollments which could be impacted by external factors. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Operating Cash Flows

During the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, net cash flows provided by operating activities totaled $4.6 million and $22.2 million, respectively. The current quarter decrease in net cash flows provided by operating activities was driven by timing of certain working capital payments versus the prior year quarter.

Our primary source of cash flows from operating activities is tuition collected from our students. Our students derive the ability to pay tuition costs through the use of a variety of funding sources, including, among others, federal loan and grant programs, state grant programs, private loans and grants, institutional payment plans, private and institutional scholarships and cash payments.

For further discussion of Title IV Program funding and other funding sources for our students, see Item 1, “Business - Student Financial Aid and Related Federal Regulation,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Our primary uses of cash to support our operating activities include, among other things, cash paid and benefits provided to our employees for services, to vendors for products and services, to lessors for rents and operating costs related to leased facilities, to suppliers for textbooks and other institution supplies, and to federal, state and local governments for income and other taxes.

Investing Cash Flows

During the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, net cash flows used in investing activities totaled $21.4 million and $146.9 million, respectively.

Purchases and Sales of Available-for-Sale Investments. Purchases and sales of available-for-sale investments resulted in a net cash outflow of $19.4 million and $135.2 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Capital Expenditures. Capital expenditures decreased to $1.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $4.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022. Capital expenditures represented approximately 1.0% and 2.6% of total revenue for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the full year 2023, we expect capital expenditures to be between 1% to 2% of revenue.

Financing Cash Flows

During the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, net cash flows used in financing activities totaled $2.8 million and $8.8 million, respectively. Payments to repurchase shares of our common stock were $0.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 and $3.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022. The prior year quarter included a $4.0 million payment to release the escrow associated with the Trident acquisition.

Payments of employee tax associated with stock compensation. Payments of employee tax associated with stock compensation were $2.2 million and $1.6 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Changes in Financial Position

Selected condensed consolidated balance sheet account changes from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):


	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022		% Change
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Prepaid expenses		11,383		8,411		35	%
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Payroll and related benefits		22,448		40,306		-44	%
Income taxes		20,079		7,814		157	%
Deferred revenue		44,710		71,590		-38	%

Prepaid expenses: The increase is driven by timing of prepayments for annual invoices, which are typically paid in the first quarter of the year and amortized by the end of a year.

Payroll and related benefits: The decrease is driven by annual incentive compensation payments made during the current quarter.

Income taxes: The increase primarily relates to amounts owed with respect to estimated payments of federal and state income tax for 2023.

Deferred revenue: The decrease is primarily related to the timing impact of the academic terms within CTU and AIUS.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to financial market risks, primarily changes in interest rates. We use various techniques to manage our interest rate risk. We have no derivative financial instruments or derivative commodity instruments, and believe the risk related to cash equivalents and available for sale investments is limited due to the adherence to our investment policy, which focuses on capital preservation and liquidity. In addition, we use asset managers who conduct initial and ongoing credit analysis on our investment portfolio and monitor that investments are in compliance with our investment policy. Despite the investment risk mitigation strategies

we employ, we may incur investment losses as a result of unusual and unpredictable market developments and may experience reduced investment earnings if the yields on investments deemed to be low risk remain low or decline.

Interest Rate Exposure

Our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell investments that have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates. At March 31, 2023, a 10% increase or decrease in interest rates applicable to our investments or borrowings would not have a material impact on our future earnings, fair values or cash flows.

Our financial instruments are recorded at their fair values as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We believe that the exposure of our consolidated financial position and results of operations and cash flows to adverse changes in interest rates applicable to our investments or borrowings is not significant.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We completed an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”) under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that (i) the information required to be disclosed by us in this Report was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms provided by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and (ii) information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

Our management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been detected.

These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Note 9 “Contingencies” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the reader should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2022.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On January 27, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new stock repurchase program which authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $50.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. See Note 12 “Stock Repurchase Program” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

The following table sets forth information regarding purchases made by us of shares of our common stock on a monthly basis during the quarter ended March 31, 2023:

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
December 31, 2022							$	26,840,200
January 1, 2023—January 31, 2023		-	$	-		-		26,840,200
February 1, 2023—February 28, 2023		-		-		-		26,840,200
March 1, 2023—March 31, 2023		225,154		13.43		59,920		26,023,778
Total		225,154				59,920

(1)

Includes 165,234 shares delivered back to the Company for payment of withholding taxes from employees for vesting restricted stock units pursuant to the terms of the Perdoceo Education Corporation Amended and Restated 2016 Incentive Compensation Plan.

(2)

On January 27, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new stock repurchase program of up to $50.0 million which commenced on March 1, 2022 and expires on September 30, 2023.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in the “Exhibit Index,” which is attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein.


	INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number	Exhibit	Incorporated by Reference to:

*10.1	2023 Annual Incentive Plan	Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K/A filed on March 13, 2023

+31.1	Certification of CEO Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

+31.2	Certification of CFO Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

+32.1	Certification of CEO Pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002


+32.2		Certification of CFO Pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

+101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

+101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

+101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

+101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

+101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

+101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

+104		The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101)
		____
		* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an Exhibit to this Form 10-Q
		+Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	PERDOCEO EDUCATION CORPORATION

Date: May 4, 2023	By:	/s/ ANDREW H. HURST
		Andrew H. Hurst President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 4, 2023	By:	/s/ ASHISH R. GHIA
		Ashish R. Ghia Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)