Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value
CRAI
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesx No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yesx No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☐
Accelerated filer
x
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business
CRA International, Inc. (together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, “CRA” or the “Company”) is a worldwide leading consulting services firm that applies advanced analytic techniques and in-depth industry knowledge to complex engagements for a broad range of clients. CRA offers services in two broad areas: litigation, regulatory, and financial consulting and management consulting. CRA operates in one business segment. CRA operates its business under its registered trade name, Charles River Associates.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CRA International, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, which require consolidation after the elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all the information and note disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature necessary for the fair presentation of CRA’s results of operations, financial position, cash flows, and shareholders’ equity for the interim periods presented in conformity with GAAP. Results of operations for the interim periods presented herein are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for a full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 included in CRA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023 (the “2022 Form 10-K”).
Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of consolidated revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, allowances for accounts receivable and unbilled services, revenue recognition on fixed-price contracts, variable consideration to be included in the transaction price of revenue contracts, the useful life of long-lived assets, measurement of operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities, share-based compensation, valuation of acquired intangible assets, valuation of contingent consideration liabilities, goodwill, accrued and deferred income taxes, valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, accrued incentive compensation, and certain other accrued expenses. These items are monitored and analyzed by CRA for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. CRA bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that CRA believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates if CRA’s assumptions based on past experience or other assumptions do not turn out to be substantially accurate.
2. Business Acquisition
On February 28, 2022, CRA acquired substantially all business assets and assumed certain liabilities of Welch Consulting, Ltd. (“Welch Consulting”), a Texas limited partnership. Welch Consulting provided economic, business, and strategic consulting services principally involving labor and employment issues. The acquisition expands CRA’s business opportunities, expertise, and market presence with the addition of 45 colleagues and offices in Bryan, Texas; Los Angeles, California; and Washington, D.C. A non-employee expert of CRA served as an agent and attorney-in-fact on behalf of Welch Consulting. The non-employee expert did not and will not receive compensation or a portion of the purchase price as part of the transaction.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination, and the results of operations have been included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. On the date of acquisition, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities were recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases. In addition, contract assets and contract liabilities were recorded in accordance with ASC 606, as CRA adopted ASU 2021-08 on the first day of fiscal 2022. All other tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their fair value as of the date of acquisition.
Welch Consulting's results of operations have been included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations from the date of acquisition. The following table is the final allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):
Assets Acquired
Current assets:
Accounts receivable
$
3,742
Unbilled services
1,382
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
100
Total current assets
5,224
Property and equipment
141
Goodwill
2,409
Intangible assets
4,150
Right-of-use assets
1,210
Other assets
41
Total assets acquired
$
13,175
Liabilities Assumed
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses
$
1,245
Deferred revenue and other liabilities
161
Current portion of lease liabilities
549
Total current liabilities
1,955
Non-current portion of lease liabilities
661
Total liabilities assumed
$
2,616
Net assets acquired
$
10,559
For the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, CRA has paid $10.6 million, net, as of April 1, 2023, the amount of which was based on adjusted estimates of certain net working capital items. In addition, CRA issued $7.9 million of forgivable loans and agreed to provide other deferred compensation to key employees and a non-employee expert, which is treated as post-transaction compensation expense over the term of the loan.
The intangible assets acquired are comprised of customer relationships, the fair value of which was determined using a multi-period excess earnings method. The customer relationships intangible is being amortized over a ten-year life on a straight-line basis, which approximates the expected pattern of economic benefit from this asset. The Company also recorded $2.4 million of goodwill, all of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
On November 29, 2022, CRA acquired substantially all of the business assets and assumed certain liabilities of bioStrategies Group, Inc. (“bSG”), a Chicago-based consulting firm focused on developing commercial strategies for healthcare products and technologies. The acquisition expands CRA’s business opportunities, expertise, and market presence with the addition of 17 colleagues with an office in Chicago, Illinois. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination, and the results of operations have been included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The acquisition of bSG is not significant to our condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended April 1, 2023.
3. Revenues and Allowances
The contracts CRA enters into and operates under specify whether the projects are billed on a time-and-materials or a fixed-price basis. Time-and-materials contracts are typically used for litigation, regulatory, and financial consulting projects while fixed-price contracts are principally used for management consulting projects. In general, project costs are classified in costs of services and are based on the direct salary of CRA’s employee consultants on the engagement, plus all direct expenses incurred to complete the project, including any amounts billed to CRA by its non-employee experts.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables disaggregate CRA’s revenue by type of contract and geographic location (in thousands):
Fiscal Quarter Ended
Type of Contract
April 1, 2023
April 2, 2022
Consulting services revenues:
Fixed-price
$
26,777
$
28,773
Time-and-materials
126,068
119,609
Total
$
152,845
$
148,382
Fiscal Quarter Ended
Geographic Breakdown
April 1, 2023
April 2, 2022
Consulting services revenues:
United States
$
117,872
$
116,919
United Kingdom
25,649
22,410
Other
9,324
9,053
Total
$
152,845
$
148,382
Reserves for Variable Consideration and Credit Risk
Revenues from CRA's consulting services are recorded at the net transaction price, which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established. Variable consideration reserves are based on specific price concessions and those expected to be extended to CRA customers estimated by CRA's historical realization rates. Reserves for variable consideration are recorded as a component of the allowances for accounts receivable and unbilled services on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Adjustments to the reserves for variable consideration are included in revenues on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
CRA also maintains allowances for accounts receivable and unbilled services for estimated losses resulting from clients’ failure to make required payments. The following table presents CRA's bad debt expense, net of recoveries of previously written off allowances (in thousands):
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Fiscal Quarter Ended
April 1, 2023
April 2, 2022
Bad debt expense (recovery), net
$
—
$
(121)
Reimbursable Expenses
Revenues also include reimbursements for costs incurred by CRA in fulfilling its performance obligations, including travel and other out-of-pocket expenses, fees for outside consultants, and other reimbursable expenses. CRA recovers substantially all of these costs. The following expenses are subject to reimbursement (in thousands):
Fiscal Quarter Ended
April 1, 2023
April 2, 2022
Reimbursable expenses
$
13,981
$
16,204
Contract Balances from Contracts with Customers
CRA defines contract assets as assets for which it has recorded revenue because it determines that it is probable that it will earn a performance-based or contingent fee, but is not yet entitled to receive a fee because certain events, such as completion of the measurement period or client approval, must occur. The contract assets balance was immaterial as of April 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due from a customer prior to transferring consulting services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue after performance obligations have been satisfied and all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The following table presents the closing balances of CRA's contract liabilities (in thousands):
April 1, 2023
December 31, 2022
Contract liabilities
$
3,790
$
6,977
CRA recognized the following revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance as of the opening of the respective period or for performance obligations satisfied in previous periods (in thousands):
Fiscal Quarter Ended
April 1, 2023
April 2, 2022
Amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period
$
5,139
$
6,543
Performance obligations satisfied in previous periods
$
2,638
$
1,665
4. Forgivable Loans
In order to attract and retain highly skilled professionals, CRA may issue forgivable loans to employees and non-employee experts, certain of which may be denominated in local currencies. A portion of these loans is collateralized. The principal amount of forgivable loans and accrued interest is forgiven by CRA over the term of the loans, so long as the employee or non-employee expert continues employment or affiliation with CRA and complies with certain contractual requirements. The expense associated with the forgiveness of the principal amount of the loans is recorded as compensation expense over the service period, which is consistent with the term of the loans.
The following table presents forgivable loan activity for the respective periods (in thousands):
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
Fiscal Quarter Ended
Fiscal Year Ended
April 1, 2023
December 31, 2022
Beginning balance
$
56,456
$
48,591
Advances
16,842
34,984
Repayments
(616)
(25)
Reclassifications from accrued expenses or to other assets (1)
—
(2,192)
Amortization
(6,242)
(24,403)
Effects of foreign currency translation
80
(499)
Ending balance
$
66,520
$
56,456
Current portion of forgivable loans
$
13,781
$
9,666
Non-current portion of forgivable loans
$
52,739
$
46,790
_______________________________
(1)Relates to the reclassification of performance awards previously recorded as accrued expenses or forgivable loans that have been reclassified to other receivables.
5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
Goodwill
$
164,815
Accumulated goodwill impairment
(71,893)
Goodwill, net at December 31, 2022
92,922
Additions due to acquisitions
358
Foreign currency translation adjustment
298
Goodwill, net at April 1, 2023
$
93,578
Goodwill at April 1, 2023, is comprised of goodwill of $165.5 million and accumulated impairment of $71.9 million. There were no impairment losses related to goodwill during the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023 or during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Intangible assets that are separable from goodwill and have determinable useful lives are valued separately and amortized using the straight-line method over their expected useful lives. The components of acquired identifiable intangible assets are as follows (in thousands):
April 1, 2023
December 31, 2022
Useful Life (in years)
Gross Carrying Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Net Carrying Amount
Gross Carrying Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships
10
13,800
(5,569)
8,231
13,800
(5,212)
8,588
There were no impairment losses related to intangible assets during the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023 or during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. As a result of the Welch Consulting acquisition, CRA recognized approximately $4.2 million of intangible assets related to customer relationships in the first quarter of fiscal 2022. As a result of the bSG acquisition, CRA recognized approximately $1.4 million of intangible assets related to customer relationships in the fourth
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
quarter of fiscal 2022. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the fiscal quarters ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, respectively.
6. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):
April 1, 2023
December 31, 2022
Compensation and related expenses
$
83,706
$
138,728
Performance awards
10,703
9,359
Direct project accruals
2,095
1,783
Other
7,909
5,994
Total accrued expenses
$
104,413
$
155,864
As of April 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately $49.5 million and $116.1 million, respectively, of accrued bonuses were included above in “Compensation and related expenses.”
7. Income Taxes
For the fiscal quarters ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, CRA’s effective income tax rate (“ETR”) was 29.2% and 26.4%, respectively. The ETR for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 was higher than the first quarter of fiscal 2022 primarily due to a decrease in the tax benefit related to share-based compensation, an increase in nondeductible meals and entertainment expenses, and an increase in the UK statutory rate from 19% to 25% effective April 1, 2023, with a blended rate of 23.5% for the fiscal year. The increase in the tax impact of the meals expense is a result of the expiration of the relief provided by The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, whereby the deduction for business meals from restaurants was 100% during 2021 and 2022 and reverted back to 50% in 2023.
In fiscal 2020, as a result of both a qualitative and quantitative analysis, certain amounts of previously taxed and untaxed post fiscal 2018 U.K. earnings were no longer considered permanently reinvested. Deferred taxes that are a consequence of foreign exchange translation resulting from earnings that are no longer considered permanently reinvested are recorded as a component of foreign currency translation adjustments on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. During the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023, deferred taxes have been assessed as immaterial related to foreign exchange translation and not recorded. Deferred income taxes or foreign withholding taxes, estimated to be $0.4 million, have not been recorded for other jurisdictions as those earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested.
On August 16, 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 that includes, among other provisions, changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system, including a fifteen percent minimum tax based on "adjusted financial statement income,” and a one percent excise tax on net repurchases of stock after December 31, 2022. The Company had net share repurchases of $17.3 million for the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023 resulting in a tax payable of $0.2 million. As the Company's issued and outstanding common stock on the condensed consolidated balance sheet is classified as permanent equity, the excise tax is treated as a specific incremental cost directly attributable to the repurchase. As such, the excise tax is charged against the gross proceeds and recorded within equity with an offsetting excise tax liability recognized.
8. Net Income Per Share
CRA calculates basic earnings per share using the two-class method. CRA calculates diluted earnings per share using the more dilutive of either the two-class method or treasury stock method. The two-class method was more dilutive for the fiscal quarters ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022.
Under the two-class method, net earnings are allocated to each class of common stock and participating security as if all the net earnings for the period had been distributed. CRA's participating securities consist of unvested share-based payment
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
awards that contain a nonforfeitable right to receive dividends and therefore are considered to participate in undistributed earnings with common shareholders. Net earnings allocable to these participating securities were not material for the fiscal quarters ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Fiscal Quarter Ended
April 1, 2023
April 2, 2022
Numerator:
Net income — basic
$
8,918
$
11,426
Less: net income attributable to participating shares
34
48
Net income — diluted
$
8,884
$
11,378
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic
7,119
7,360
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units
133
143
Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted
7,252
7,503
Net income per share:
Basic
$
1.25
$
1.55
Diluted
$
1.23
$
1.52
For the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023, the anti-dilutive share-based awards that were excluded from the calculation of common stock equivalents for purposes of computing diluted weighted average shares outstanding amounted to 196 shares. There were no anti-dilutive share-based awards for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2022.
9. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following tables show CRA's financial instruments recorded in the condensed consolidated financial statements as of April 1, 2023 and the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
December 31, 2022
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Assets:
Money market mutual funds
$
—
$
—
$
—
Total Assets
$
—
$
—
$
—
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration liability
$
—
$
—
$
1,056
Total Liabilities
$
—
$
—
$
1,056
The contingent consideration liability pertains to estimated future contingent consideration payments related to the acquisition of bSG, an independent consulting firm. The following table summarizes the changes in the contingent consideration liability (in thousands):
Fiscal Quarter Ended
Fiscal Year Ended
April 1, 2023
December 31, 2022
Beginning balance
$
1,056
$
—
Acquisition-related contingent consideration
—
1,056
Accretion
21
—
Payment of contingent consideration
—
—
Ending balance
$
1,077
$
1,056
10. Credit Agreement
CRA is party to a Credit Agreement, dated as of August 19, 2022 (the "Credit Agreement") with Bank of America, N.A., as swingline lender, a letter of credit issuing bank and administrative agent, and with Citizens Bank, N.A., as a letter of credit issuing bank. The Credit Agreement provides CRA with a $250.0 million revolving credit facility, which may be decreased at CRA's option to $200.0 million during the period from July 16th in a year through January 15th in the next year. Additionally, for the period from January 16th to July 15th of each calendar year, CRA may elect to not increase the revolving credit facility to $250.0 million. The revolving credit facility includes a $25.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit.
There was $100.0 million in borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of April 1, 2023 and no borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2022. As of April 1, 2023, the amount available under the revolving credit facility was reduced by certain letters of credit outstanding, which amounted to $5.7 million.
Under the Credit Agreement, CRA must comply with various financial and non-financial covenants. The primary financial covenants consist of a maximum consolidated net leverage ratio of 3.0 to 1 and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of 2.5 to 1. The primary non-financial covenants include, but are not limited to, restrictions on CRA's ability to incur future indebtedness, engage in acquisitions or dispositions, pay dividends or repurchase capital stock, and enter into business combinations. Any indebtedness outstanding under the revolving credit facility may become immediately due upon
the occurrence of stated events of default, including CRA's failure to pay principal, interest or fees, or upon the breach of any covenant. As of April 1, 2023, CRA was in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Agreement.
11. Commitments and Contingencies
As described in the previous note, CRA is party to standby letters of credit with its lenders in support of minimum future lease payments under certain operating leases for office space.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
CRA is subject to legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In management’s opinion, based on current knowledge, CRA believes it has adequate legal defenses or insurance coverage, or both, with respect to the eventuality of such actions. CRA does not believe any settlement or judgment relating to any pending legal action would materially affect its financial position or results of operations. However, the outcome of such legal actions is inherently unpredictable and subject to inherent uncertainties.
12.Subsequent Events
On May 4, 2023, CRA announced that its Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.36 per common share, payable on June 9, 2023 to shareholders of record as of May 30, 2023.
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
Except for historical facts, the statements in this quarterly report are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are merely our current predictions of future events. These statements are inherently uncertain, and actual events could differ materially from our predictions. Important factors that could cause actual events to vary from our predictions include those discussed below under the heading “Risk Factors.” We assume no obligation to update our forward-looking statements to reflect new information or developments. We urge readers to review carefully the risk factors described in the other documents that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). You can read these documents at www.sec.gov.
Our principal Internet address is www.crai.com. Our website provides a link to a third-party website through which our annual, quarterly, and current reports, and amendments to those reports, are available free of charge. We believe these reports are made available as soon as reasonably practicable after we file them electronically with, or furnish them to, the SEC. We do not maintain or provide any information directly to the third-party website, and we do not check its accuracy.
Our website also includes information about our corporate governance practices. The Investor Relations page of our website provides a link to a web page where you can obtain a copy of our code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our critical accounting policies involving the more significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements as of April 1, 2023 remain unchanged from December 31, 2022. Please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023 (the "2022 Form 10-K") for details on these critical accounting policies.
Recent Accounting Standards
There are no recent accounting standards that impact the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Results of Operations—For the Fiscal Quarter Ended April 1, 2023, Compared to the Fiscal Quarter Ended April 2, 2022
The following table provides operating information as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated:
Fiscal Quarter Ended
April 1, 2023
April 2, 2022
Revenues
100.0
%
100.0
%
Costs of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
Fiscal Quarter Ended April 1, 2023, Compared to the Fiscal Quarter Ended April 2, 2022
Revenues. Revenues increased by $4.4 million, or 3.0%, to $152.8 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 from $148.4 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. Utilization decreased to 70% for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 from 74% for the first quarter of fiscal 2022, while consultant headcount grew 10.7% from 878 at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2022 to 972 at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2023.
Overall, revenues outside of the U.S. represented approximately 23% and 21% of net revenues for the first quarters of fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively. Revenues derived from fixed-price projects decreased to 18% of net revenues for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 compared with 19% of net revenue for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. The percentage of revenue derived from fixed-price projects depends largely on the proportion of our revenues derived from our management consulting business, which typically has a higher concentration of fixed-price service contracts.
Costs of Services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Costs of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased by $3.7 million, or 3.6%, to $107.8 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 from $104.1 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. The increase in costs of services was due to an increase in employee compensation and fringe benefit costs of $4.3 million primarily as a result of a higher headcount and an increase in forgivable loan amortization of $1.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in client reimbursable expenses of $2.2 million. As a percentage of revenues, costs of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased slightly to 70.6% for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 from 70.1% for the first quarter of fiscal 2022.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $2.6 million, or 9.9%, to $28.4 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 from $25.8 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. Within this category of expenses, there was a $1.3 million increase in travel and entertainment, a $0.4 million increase in employee compensation and fringe benefit costs, a $0.6 million increase in miscellaneous and other costs, a $0.6 million increase in software subscription and data services, and a $0.5 million increase in rent expense. Partially offsetting the increase in these expenses was a $0.9 million decrease in commissions to our non-employee experts for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 as compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2022.
As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses increased to 18.6% for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 from 17.4% for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. Commissions to our non-employee experts decreased to 2.3% of revenues for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to 3.0% of revenues the first quarter of fiscal 2022.
Provision for Income Taxes. The income tax provision was $3.7 million and the effective tax rate ("ETR") was 29.2% for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to $4.1 million and 26.4% for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. The ETR for the current fiscal quarter was higher than the prior year primarily due to a decrease in the tax benefit related to share-based compensation, an increase in nondeductible meals and entertainment expenses, and an increase in the U.K. statutory rate from 19% to 25% effective April 1, 2023, with a blended rate of 23.5% for the fiscal year. The increase in the tax impact of the meals expense is as result of the expiration of the relief provided by The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, whereby the deduction for business meals from restaurants was 100% during 2021 and 2022 and reverted back to 50% in 2023. The ETR for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 was higher than the combined federal and state statutory tax rate primarily due to nondeductible compensation paid to executive officers and nondeductible meals and entertainment expenses, partially offset by the tax benefit for share-based compensation. The ETR for the first quarter of fiscal 2022 was approximately the same as the combined federal and state statutory tax rate and included offsetting items primarily related to the tax benefit for share-based compensation and nondeductible compensation paid to executive officers.
Net Income. Net income decreased to $8.9 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 from $11.4 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. The net income per diluted share was $1.23 per share for the first quarter of fiscal 2023, compared to $1.52 of net income per diluted share for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. Weighted average diluted shares outstanding decreased by approximately 251,000 shares to approximately 7,252,000 shares for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 from approximately 7,503,000 shares for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. The decrease in weighted average diluted shares outstanding was primarily due to the repurchase of shares of our common stock since April 2, 2022, offset in part by the vesting of shares of restricted stock and time-vesting restricted stock units and the exercise of stock options since April 2, 2022.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations, and amounts available under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months.
General. During the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023, cash and cash equivalents increased by $4.1 million. We completed the period with cash and cash equivalents of $35.5 million. The principal drivers of the increase of cash and cash equivalents was net borrowings of $100.0 million offset by payment of a significant portion of our fiscal 2022 performance bonuses in the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the repurchase of shares, and the payment of dividends.
During the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023, working capital (defined as current assets less current liabilities) decreased by $27.2 million to $4.5 million. The decrease in working capital was principally due to an increase in borrowings of $100.0 million and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $1.0 million. Partially offsetting these decreases to working capital was an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $4.1 million, an increase in accounts receivable and unbilled services of $2.2 million, an increase in the current portion of our forgivable loans of $4.1 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $4.7 million, a decrease in the current portion of deferred compensation of $4.2 million, a decrease in accrued expenses of $51.5 million, and a decrease in deferred revenue and other liabilities of $3.1 million.
At April 1, 2023, $10.4 million of our cash and cash equivalents was held within the U.S. We have sufficient sources of liquidity in the U.S., including cash flow from operations and availability on our revolving credit facility to fund U.S. operations for the next 12 months without the need to repatriate funds from our foreign subsidiaries.
Sources and Uses of Cash. During the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $70.0 million. Net income was $8.9 million for the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023. Uses of cash for operating activities included a $4.4 million decrease in lease liabilities, a net increase of $1.3 million in accounts receivable and unbilled receivables, and a $0.9 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily related to the timing of renewing annual subscriptions. Other uses of cash included a decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities of $73.2 million, primarily due to the payment of a significant portion of our fiscal 2022 performance bonuses and performance awards, and an increase in forgivable loans for the period of $10.0 million, which was primarily driven by $16.2 million of forgivable loan issuances, net of repayments, offset by $6.2 million of forgivable loan amortization.
Cash used in operations included incentive cash award expense of $1.9 million, non-cash depreciation and amortization expense of $2.9 million, right-of-use amortization of $3.6 million, share-based compensation expenses of $0.9 million, and other non-cash gains and benefits of $0.2 million.
During the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $1.1 million, which included $0.6 million of net consideration paid for the acquisitions of Welch Consulting and bSG and $0.5 million for capital expenditures, primarily related to purchases of office equipment.
During the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was $74.8 million, primarily as a result of net borrowings under the revolving credit facility of $100.0 million. Offsetting these increases in cash provided by financing activities were repurchases of common stock of $20.6 million, payment of cash dividends of $2.7 million, and tax withholding payments reimbursed by restricted shares on vesting of $1.9 million.
Lease Commitments
We are a lessee under certain operating leases for office space and equipment. Certain of our operating leases have terms that impose asset retirement obligations due to office modifications or the periodic redecoration of the premises, which are included in other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and are recorded at a value based on their estimated discounted cash flows. We do not expect to incur asset retirement obligation or redecoration obligation costs over the next twelve months. At April 1, 2023, the remainder of our asset retirement obligations and redecoration obligations are approximately $2.7 million and are expected to be paid between fiscal 2026 and fiscal 2031 when the underlying leases terminate or when the respective lease agreement requires redecoration. We expect to satisfy these lease and related obligations as they become due from cash generated from operations.
CRA is party to a Credit Agreement, dated as of August 19, 2022 (the "Credit Agreement") with Bank of America, N.A., as swingline lender, a letter of credit issuing bank and administrative agent, and with Citizens Bank, N.A., as a letter of credit issuing bank. The Credit Agreement provides CRA with a $250.0 million revolving credit facility, which may be decreased at CRA's option to $200.0 million during the period from July 16th in a year through January 15th in the next year. Additionally, for the period from January 16th to July 15th of each calendar year, CRA may elect to not increase the revolving credit facility to $250.0 million. The revolving credit facility includes a $25.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit.
There was $100.0 million in borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of April 1, 2023 and no borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2022. As of April 1, 2023, the amount available under the revolving credit facility was reduced by certain letters of credit outstanding, which amounted to $5.7 million.
We may use the proceeds of the revolving credit loans under the Credit Agreement for general corporate purposes and may repay any borrowings under the revolving credit facility at any time, but any borrowings must be repaid no later than August 19, 2027. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to one of the following rates, at our election, plus an applicable margin as described below: (i) in the case of borrowings in U.S. dollars by us, the Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), (ii) in the case of borrowings in U.S. dollars, a rate based on Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the applicable interest period, (iii) in the case of borrowings in Euros, EURIBOR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the applicable interest period, (iv) in the case of borrowings in Pounds Sterling, a daily rate based on SONIA (as defined in the Credit Agreement), (v) in the case of borrowings in Canadian Dollars, CDOR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the applicable interest period, (vi) in the case of borrowings in Swiss Francs, a daily rate based on SARON (as defined in the Credit Agreement), or (vii) in the case of borrowings in any other Alternate Currency (as defined in the Credit Agreement), the relevant daily or term rate determined as provided in the Credit Agreement. The applicable margin on borrowings based on the Base Rate varies within a range of 0.25% to 1.00% depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio, and the applicable margin on borrowings based on any of the other rates described above varies within a range of 1.25% to 2.00% depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio.
We are required to pay a fee on the amount available to be drawn under any letter of credit issued under the revolving credit facility at a rate per annum that varies between 1.25% and 2.00% depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio. In
addition, we are required to pay a fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility at a rate per annum that varies
between 0.175% and 0.250% depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio.
Under the Credit Agreement, CRA must comply with various financial and non-financial covenants. The primary financial covenants consist of a maximum consolidated net leverage ratio of 3.0 to 1 and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of 2.5 to 1. The primary non-financial covenants include, but are not limited to, restrictions on CRA's ability to incur future indebtedness, engage in acquisitions or dispositions, pay dividends or repurchase capital stock, and enter into business combinations. Any indebtedness outstanding under the revolving credit facility may become immediately due upon
the occurrence of stated events of default, including CRA's failure to pay principal, interest or fees, or upon the breach of any covenant. As of April 1, 2023, CRA was in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Agreement.
Forgivable Loans
In order to attract and retain highly skilled professionals, we may issue forgivable loans or term loans to employees and non-employee experts. A portion of these loans is collateralized by key person life insurance. The forgivable loans have terms that are generally between two and six years. The principal amount of forgivable loans and accrued interest is forgiven by us over the term of the loans, so long as the employee or non-employee expert continues employment or affiliation with us and complies with certain contractual requirements. The expense associated with the forgiveness of the principal amount of the loans is recorded as compensation expense over the service period, which is consistent with the term of the loans.
Compensation Arrangements
We have entered into compensation arrangements for the payment of performance awards to certain of our employees and non-employee experts that are payable if specific performance targets are met. The financial targets may include a measure of revenue generation, profitability, or both. The amounts of the awards to be paid under these compensation arrangements could fluctuate depending on future performance during the applicable measurement periods. Changes in the estimated awards are expensed prospectively over the remaining service period. We believe that we will have sufficient funds to satisfy any cash obligations related to the performance awards. We expect to fund any cash payments from existing cash resources, cash generated from operations, or borrowings available on our revolving credit facility.
Our Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the "2006 Equity Plan"), authorizes the grant of a variety of incentive and performance equity awards to our directors, employees and non-employee experts, including stock options, shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other equity awards.
In 2009, the compensation committee of our Board of Directors adopted our long-term incentive program, or "LTIP," as a framework for equity grants made under our 2006 equity incentive plan to our senior corporate leaders, practice leaders, and key revenue generators. The equity awards granted under the LTIP include stock options, time-vesting restricted stock units, and performance-vesting restricted stock units.
In December 2016, our compensation committee modified the LTIP to allow grants of service- and performance-based cash awards in lieu of, or in addition to, equity awards to our senior corporate leaders, practice leaders, and key revenue generators. The compensation committee of our Board of Directors is responsible for approving all cash and equity awards under the LTIP. We expect to fund any cash payments from existing cash resources, cash generated from operations, or borrowings available under our revolving credit facility.
Business and Talent Acquisitions
As part of our business, we regularly evaluate opportunities to acquire other consulting firms, practices or groups, or other businesses. In recent years, we have typically paid for acquisitions with cash, or a combination of cash and our common stock, and we may continue to do so in the future. To pay for an acquisition, we may use cash on hand, cash generated from our operations, borrowings available under our revolving credit facility, or we may pursue other forms of financing. Our ability to secure short-term and long-term debt or equity financing in the future, including our ability to refinance our credit agreement, will depend on several factors, including our future profitability, the levels of our debt and equity, restrictions under our existing revolving credit facility, and the overall credit and equity market environments. We completed two business acquisitions during the first and fourth quarters of fiscal 2022, which is further described in Note 2, "Business Acquisition” in Part I, Item I, “Financial Statements” of this report.
Share Repurchases
In March 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized an expansion of our existing share repurchase program of an additional $20.0 million of our common stock. We may repurchase shares under this program in open market purchases (including through any Rule 10b5-1 plan adopted by us) or in privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable insider trading and other securities laws and regulations.
During the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023, we repurchased and retired 180,881 shares under our share repurchase program at an average price per share of $113.76. During the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2022, we repurchased and retired 56,665 shares under our share repurchase program at an average price per share of $87.46.
As of April 1, 2023, we had approximately $22.3 million available for future repurchases under our share repurchase program. We plan to finance future repurchases with available cash, cash from future operations, and borrowings available under our revolving credit facility. We expect to continue to repurchase shares under our share repurchase program.
Dividends to Shareholders
We anticipate paying regular quarterly dividends each year. These dividends are anticipated to be funded through cash flow from operations, available cash on hand, and/or borrowings available under our revolving credit facility. Although we anticipate paying regular quarterly dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, the declaration, timing and amounts of any such dividends remain subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors. During the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023, we paid dividends and dividend equivalents of $2.7 million. During the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2022, we paid dividends and dividend equivalents of $2.4 million.
Impact of Inflation
To date, inflation has not had a material impact on our financial results. There can be no assurance, however, that inflation will not adversely affect our financial results in the future.
Future Capital and Liquidity Needs
We anticipate that our future capital and liquidity needs will principally consist of funds required for:
•operating and general corporate expenses relating to the operation of our business, including the compensation of our employees under various annual bonus or long-term incentive compensation programs;
•the hiring of individuals to replenish and expand our employee base;
•capital expenditures, primarily for information technology equipment, office furniture and leasehold improvements;
•debt service and repayments, including interest payments on borrowings from our revolving credit facility;
•share repurchases under programs that we may have in effect from time to time;
•dividends to shareholders;
•potential acquisitions of businesses that would allow us to diversify or expand our service offerings;
•contingent obligations related to our acquisitions; and
•other known future contractual obligations.
The hiring of individuals to replenish and expand our employee base is an essential part of our business operations and has historically been funded principally from operations. Many of the other above activities are discretionary in nature. For example, capital expenditures can be deferred, acquisitions can be forgone, and share repurchase programs and regular dividends can be suspended. As such, our operating model provides flexibility with respect to the deployment of cash flow from operations. Given this flexibility, we believe that our cash flows from operations, supplemented by cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility (as necessary), will provide adequate cash to fund our long-term cash needs from normal operations for at least the next twelve months.
Our conclusion that we will be able to fund our cash requirements by using existing capital resources and cash generated from operations does not take into account the impact of any future acquisition transactions or any unexpected significant changes in the number of employees or other expenditures that are currently not contemplated. The anticipated cash needs of our business could change significantly if we pursue and complete additional business acquisitions, if our business plans change, if economic conditions change from those currently prevailing or from those now anticipated, or if other unexpected circumstances arise that have a material effect on the cash flow or profitability of our business. Any of these events or circumstances, including any new business opportunities, could involve significant additional funding needs in excess of the identified currently available sources and could require us to raise additional debt or equity funding to meet those needs on terms that may be less favorable compared to our current sources of capital. Our ability to raise additional capital, if necessary, is subject to a variety of factors that we cannot predict with certainty, including:
•our future profitability;
•the quality of our accounts receivable;
•our relative levels of debt and equity;
•the volatility and overall condition of the capital markets; and
•the market prices of our securities.
Factors Affecting Future Performance
Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make in this report, as well as a description of material risks we face, are set forth below under the heading “Risk Factors” and included in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our 2022 Form 10-K. If any of these risks, or any risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are not significant, develops into an actual event, then our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk during the three months ended April 1, 2023. For information regarding our exposure to certain market risks, see Part II, Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” of our 2022 Form 10-K.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. This is done in order to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of April 1, 2023.
Management has concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material aspects, our financial position at the end of, and the results of operations and cash flows for, the periods presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Evaluation of Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated whether there were any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of fiscal 2023. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the above evaluation that occurred during the first quarter of fiscal 2023 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
Important Considerations
The effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting is subject to various inherent limitations, including judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the soundness of our systems, the possibility of human error, and the risk of fraud. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions and the risk that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate over time. Because of these limitations, there can be no assurance that any system of disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will be successful in preventing all errors or fraud or in making all material information known in a timely manner to the appropriate levels of management.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
None.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
There are many risks and uncertainties that can affect our future business, financial performance or results of operations. In addition to the other information set forth in this report, please review and consider the information regarding certain factors that could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results set forth under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our 2022 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to these risk factors during the quarter ended April 1, 2023.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a)Not applicable.
(b)Not applicable.
(c)The following provides information about our repurchases of shares of our common stock during the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023. During that period, we did not act in concert with any affiliate or any other person to acquire any of our common stock and, accordingly, we do not believe that purchases by any such affiliate or other person (if any) are reportable in the following table. For purposes of this table, we have divided the fiscal quarter into three periods of four weeks, four weeks, and five weeks, respectively, to coincide with our reporting periods during the first quarter of fiscal 2023.
(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(2)
(d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(2)
January 1, 2023 to January 28, 2023
—
$
—
—
$
22,854,204
January 29, 2023 to February 25, 2023
3,745
$
121.18
—
$
22,854,204
February 26, 2023 to April 1, 2023
193,750
$
113.53
180,881
$
22,277,111
_______________________________
(1)During the four weeks ended February 25, 2023, we accepted 3,745 shares of our common stock as a tax withholding from certain of our employees in connection with the vesting of shares of restricted stock that occurred during the indicated period, pursuant to the terms of our 2006 equity incentive plan, at the average price of $121.18. During the five weeks ended April 1, 2023, we accepted 12,869 shares of our common stock as a tax withholding from certain of our employees in connection with the vesting of shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units that occurred during the indicated period, pursuant to the terms of our 2006 equity incentive plan, at the average price per share of $110.27.
(2)On March 2, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized an expansion to our existing share repurchase program of an additional $20.0 million of outstanding shares of our common stock. We may repurchase shares under this program in open market purchases (including through any Rule 10b5-1 plan adopted by us) or in privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable insider trading and other securities laws and regulations. During the five weeks ended April 1, 2023, we repurchased and retired 180,881 shares under this program at an average price per share of $113.76. Approximately $22.3 million was available for future repurchases under this program as of April 1, 2023. We expect to continue to repurchase shares under this program.
The following financial statements from CRA International, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language), as follows: (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the fiscal quarters ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the fiscal quarters ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) at April 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the fiscal quarters ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited) for the fiscal quarters ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
CRA INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Date: May 4, 2023
By:
/s/ PAUL A. MALEH
Paul A. Maleh
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: May 4, 2023
By:
/s/ DANIEL K. MAHONEY
Daniel K. Mahoney
Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President and Treasurer