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Published: 2023-11-09 00:00:00 ET
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cvgi-20230930
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file number 001-34365
1.6
COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
41-1990662
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
7800 Walton Parkway
New Albany, Ohio
(Address of principal executive offices)
43054
(Zip Code)
(614) 289-5360
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareCVGIThe NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes    No  
The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s common stock, par value $.01 per share, at November 8, 2023 was 33,707,070 shares.


Table of Contents
COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
 
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
PART II OTHER INFORMATION

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2023202220232022
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenues$246,687 $251,412 $771,590 $746,635 
Cost of revenues212,763 224,570 664,056 672,531 
Gross profit33,924 26,842 107,534 74,104 
Selling, general and administrative expenses21,476 17,304 64,498 49,955 
Operating income12,448 9,538 43,036 24,149 
Other expense383 1,924 488 2,798 
Interest expense2,614 2,813 8,308 6,892 
Loss on extinguishment of debt   921 
 Income before provision for income taxes9,451 4,801 34,240 13,538 
Provision for income taxes2,161 1,250 8,110 3,520 
Net income$7,290 $3,551 $26,130 $10,018 
Earnings per Common Share:
Basic$0.22 $0.11 $0.79 $0.30 
Diluted$0.22 $0.11 $0.78 $0.30 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic33,100 32,460 33,010 32,950 
Diluted33,350 32,922 33,408 33,645 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2023202220232022
 (Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Net income$7,290 $3,551 $26,130 $10,018 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency exchange translation adjustments(3,452)(4,493)(1,946)(9,689)
Minimum pension liability, net of tax(899)(362)(906)1,085 
Derivative instrument, net of tax(869)1,838 1,772 4,011 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(5,220)(3,017)(1,080)(4,593)
Comprehensive income (loss)$2,070 $534 $25,050 $5,425 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(Unaudited)
 
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash$46,293 $31,825 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $208 and $306, respectively
159,863 152,626 
Inventories128,192 142,542 
Other current assets29,892 12,582 
Total current assets364,240 339,575 
Property, plant and equipment, net71,554 67,805 
Intangible assets, net12,041 14,620 
Deferred income taxes11,181 12,275 
Other assets, net37,026 35,993 
Total assets$496,042 $470,268 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$105,110 $122,091 
Accrued liabilities and other52,999 42,809 
Current portion of long-term debt and short-term debt18,331 10,938 
Total current liabilities176,440 175,838 
Long-term debt135,573 141,499 
Pension and other post-retirement benefits9,325 8,428 
Other long-term liabilities28,150 24,463 
Total liabilities349,488 350,228 
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value (5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding)
$ $ 
Common stock, $0.01 par value (60,000,000 shares authorized; 33,108,989 and 32,826,852 shares issued and outstanding respectively)
330 328 
Treasury stock, at cost: 2,014,817 and 1,899,996 shares, respectively
(15,322)(14,514)
Additional paid-in capital263,641 261,371 
Retained deficit(69,465)(95,595)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(32,630)(31,550)
Total stockholders’ equity146,554 120,040 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$496,042 $470,268 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20232022
(Unaudited)
 (In thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income$26,130 $10,018 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization13,159 13,606 
Noncash amortization of debt financing costs227 274 
Pension cash reversion2,942  
Share-based compensation expense2,270 4,644 
Deferred income taxes24 (1,118)
Non-cash loss (income) on derivative contracts(695)30 
Loss on extinguishment of debt 921 
Settlement of derivative contract 3,900 
Change in other operating items:
Accounts receivable(8,069)(9,193)
Inventories13,510 (14,414)
Prepaid expenses(2,312)(1,587)
Accounts payable(15,073)23,544 
Other operating activities, net(2,123)3,169 
Net cash provided by operating activities29,990 33,794 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment(15,196)(12,541)
Proceeds from disposal/sale of property, plant and equipment 16 
Net cash used in investing activities(15,196)(12,525)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings under term loan facility 30,625 
Repayment of term loan facility(7,656)(4,063)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility25,000 65,200 
Repayment of revolving credit facility(20,000)(103,013)
Surrender of shares to pay withholding taxes(808)(966)
Debt issuance and amendment costs (648)
Other financing activities3,995 (166)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities531 (13,031)
EFFECT OF CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH(857)(4,483)
NET INCREASE IN CASH14,468 3,755 
CASH:
Beginning of period31,825 34,958 
End of period$46,293 $38,713 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 Common StockTreasury
Stock
Additional Paid In CapitalRetained DeficitAccumulated 
Other Comp. Loss
Total CVG Stockholders’ 
Equity
 SharesAmount
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share amounts)
Balance - December 31, 202132,034,592 $321 $(13,172)$255,566 $(73,624)$(42,438)$126,653 
Share-based compensation expense122,618 1 (464)1,117 — — 654 
Total comprehensive income— — — — 3,982 3,112 7,094 
Balance - March 31, 202232,157,210 $322 $(13,636)$256,683 $(69,642)$(39,326)$134,401 
Share-based compensation expense290,558 3 (448)1,701 — — 1,256 
Total comprehensive income (loss)— — — — 2,485 (4,688)(2,203)
Balance - June 30, 202232,447,768 $325 $(14,084)$258,384 $(67,157)$(44,014)$133,454 
Share-based compensation expense103,573 1 (54)1,826 — — 1,773 
Total comprehensive income (loss)— — — — 3,551 (3,017)534 
Balance - September 30, 202232,551,341 $326 $(14,138)$260,210 $(63,606)$(47,031)$135,761 
Balance - December 31, 202232,826,852 $328 $(14,514)$261,371 $(95,595)$(31,550)$120,040 
Share-based compensation expense164,616 2 (764)1,771 — — 1,009 
Total comprehensive income— — — — 8,700 4,040 12,740 
Balance - March 31, 202332,991,468 $330 $(15,278)$263,142 $(86,895)$(27,510)$133,789 
Share-based compensation expense101,524 — (24)(245)— — (269)
Total comprehensive income— — — — 10,140 100 10,240 
Balance - June 30, 202333,092,992 $330 $(15,302)$262,897 $(76,755)$(27,410)$143,760 
Share-based compensation expense15,997 — (20)744 — — 724 
Total comprehensive income— — — — 7,290 (5,220)2,070 
Balance - September 30, 202333,108,989 $330 $(15,322)$263,641 $(69,465)$(32,630)$146,554 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share amounts and where specifically disclosed)
1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Commercial Vehicle Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, is a global provider of systems, assemblies and components to the global commercial vehicle market, the electric vehicle market, and the industrial automation markets. References herein to the "Company", "CVG", "we", "our", or "us" refer to Commercial Vehicle Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

We have manufacturing operations in the United States, Mexico, China, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Thailand, India, Australia and Morocco. Our products are primarily sold in North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region.

We primarily manufacture customized products to meet the requirements of our customers. We believe our products are used by a majority of the North American Commercial Truck manufacturers, many construction vehicle original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), parts and service dealers, distributors, as well as top e-commerce retailers.

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the United States of America and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Except as disclosed within these condensed notes to unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements, the adjustments made were of a normal, recurring nature. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in our annual consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP in the United States requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and assumptions are based on management's best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. We adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements in future periods.

These condensed notes to unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the "2022 Form 10-K"), which includes a complete set of footnote disclosures, including the Company's significant accounting policies.
2. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
New accounting pronouncements that have been issued but not yet effective are currently being evaluated and at this time are not expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.


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3. Revenue Recognition

We had outstanding customer accounts receivable, net of allowances, of $159.9 million as of September 30, 2023 and $152.6 million as of December 31, 2022. We generally do not have material other assets or liabilities associated with customer arrangements.

Revenue Disaggregation - The following is the composition, by product category, of our revenues:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Vehicle SolutionsElectrical SystemsAftermarket and AccessoriesIndustrial AutomationTotal
Seats$66,862 $ $17,703 $ $84,565 
Electrical wire harnesses, panels and assemblies657 53,862 3,273 6,632 64,424 
Trim46,255  1,845  48,100 
Industrial Automation   6,388 6,388 
Cab structures30,158  612  30,770 
Mirrors, wipers and controls1,461  10,979  12,440 
Total$145,393 $53,862 $34,412 $13,020 $246,687 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Vehicle SolutionsElectrical SystemsAftermarket and AccessoriesIndustrial AutomationTotal
Seats$77,843 $ $20,080 $ $97,923 
Electrical wire harnesses, panels and assemblies45 45,608 2,744 3,416 51,813 
Trim45,980  2,623  48,603 
Industrial Automation 521  10,700 11,221 
Cab structures28,739  497  29,236 
Mirrors, wipers and controls1,417  11,199  12,616 
Total$154,024 $46,129 $37,143 $14,116 $251,412 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Vehicle SolutionsElectrical SystemsAftermarket and AccessoriesIndustrial AutomationTotal
Seats$213,149 $ $55,581 $ $268,730 
Electrical wire harnesses, panels and assemblies2,255 172,236 11,042 16,477 202,010 
Trim141,206  6,191  147,397 
Industrial Automation   15,300 15,300 
Cab structures95,876  2,177  98,053 
Mirrors, wipers and controls6,221  33,879  40,100 
Total$458,707 $172,236 $108,870 $31,777 $771,590 

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Vehicle SolutionsElectrical SystemsAftermarket and AccessoriesIndustrial AutomationTotal
Seats$212,956 $ $56,751 $ $269,707 
Electrical wire harnesses, panels and assemblies45 132,830 7,879 10,609 151,363 
Trim138,207  3,919  142,126 
Industrial Automation 520  66,180 66,700 
Cab structures83,116  497  83,613 
Mirrors, wipers and controls2,642  30,484  33,126 
Total$436,966 $133,350 $99,530 $76,789 $746,635 
4. Debt
Debt consisted of the following:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Term loan facility$144,844 $152,500 
Revolving credit facility5,000  
China credit facility4,112  
Unamortized issuance costs(52)(63)
$153,904 $152,437 
Less: current portion of long-term debt and short-term debt
(18,331)(10,938)
Total long-term debt, net of current portion$135,573 $141,499 
Credit Agreement
On April 30, 2021, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) between, among others, Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”) and other lenders party thereto (the “Lenders”) pursuant to which the Lenders made available a $150 million Term Loan Facility (the “Term Loan Facility”) and a $125 million Revolving Credit Facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). Subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Revolving Credit Facility includes a $10 million swing line sublimit and a $10 million letter of credit sublimit. The Credit Agreement provides for an incremental term facility agreement and/or an increase of the Revolving Credit Facility (together, the “Incremental Facilities”), in a maximum aggregate amount of (a) up to the date of receipt of financial statements for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2022, $75 million, and (b) thereafter, (i) $75 million less the aggregate principal amount of Incremental Facilities incurred before such date, plus (ii) an unlimited amount if the pro forma consolidated total leverage ratio (assuming the Incremental Facilities are fully drawn) is less than 2.50:1.0.

On May 12, 2022, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a second amendment (the “Amendment”) to its Credit Agreement pursuant to which the Lenders upsized the existing Term Loan Facility to $175 million in aggregate principal amount and increased the Revolving Credit Facility commitments by $25 million to an aggregate of $150 million in revolving credit facility commitments. The Revolving Credit Facility includes a $10 million swing line sublimit and a $10 million letter of credit sublimit. The amended Credit Agreement provides for an incremental term facility agreement and/or an increase of the Revolving Credit Facility (together, the “Incremental Facilities”), in a maximum aggregate amount of (a) up to the date of receipt of financial statements for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2022, $75 million, and (b) thereafter, (i) $75 million less the aggregate principal amount of Incremental Facilities incurred before such date, plus (ii) an unlimited amount if the pro forma consolidated total leverage ratio (assuming the Incremental Facilities are fully drawn) is less than 2.50:1.0. Further, separate from the Company’s annual $35 million capital spending cap, a one-time $45 million capital project basket was included in the Amendment. All other key provisions, including the $75 million accordion, acquisition holiday, and other baskets remain unchanged. The Credit Facilities mature on May 12, 2027 (the “Maturity Date”).

The Amendment resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.9 million, including $0.6 million non-cash write off relating to deferred financing costs and unamortized discount of the Term Loan Facility and $0.3 million of other fees associated with the Amendment, recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
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At September 30, 2023, we had $5.0 million of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, outstanding letters of credit of $1.2 million and availability of $143.8 million. Combined with availability under our China Credit Facility (described below) of approximately $8.2 million, total consolidated availability was $152.0 million at September 30, 2023. The unamortized deferred financing fees associated with the Revolving Credit Facility of $1.1 million and $1.3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, are being amortized over the remaining life of the Credit Agreement. At December 31, 2022, we had no borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and we had outstanding letters of credit of $1.2 million.
Interest rates and fees
Amounts outstanding under the Credit Facilities and the commitment fee payable in connection with the Credit Facilities accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to (at the Company’s option) the base rate or the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), including a credit spread adjustment, plus a rate which will vary according to the Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio as set forth in the most recent compliance certificate received by the Administrative Agent, as set out in the following table:
Pricing TierConsolidated Total
Leverage Ratio
Commitment FeeLetter of Credit FeeTerm SOFR LoansBase Rate Loans
I
> 3.50 to 1.00
0.35%2.75%2.75%1.75%
II
< 3.50 to 1.00 but
> 2.75 to 1.00
0.30%2.50%2.50%1.50%
III
< 2.75 to 1.00 but
> 2.00 to 1.00
0.25%2.25%2.25%1.25%
IV
< 2.00 to 1.00 but
> 1.50 to 1.00
0.20%2.00%2.00%1.00%
V
< 1.50 to 1.00
0.15%1.75%1.75%0.75%
Guarantee and Security
All obligations under the Credit Agreement and related documents are unconditionally guaranteed by each of the Company’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly owned material domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions (the “Guarantors”). All obligations of the Company under the Credit Agreement and the guarantees of those obligations are secured by a first priority pledge of substantially all of the assets of the Company and of the Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions. The property pledged by the Company and the Guarantors includes a first priority pledge of all of the equity interests owned by the Company and the Guarantors in their respective domestic subsidiaries and a first priority pledge of the equity interests owned by the Company and the Guarantors in certain foreign subsidiaries, in each case, subject to certain exceptions.
Covenants and other terms
The Credit Agreement contains customary restrictive covenants, including, without limitation, limitations on the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur additional debt and guarantees; grant certain liens on assets; pay dividends or make certain other distributions; make certain investments or acquisitions; dispose of certain assets; make payments on certain indebtedness; merge, combine with any other person or liquidate; amend organizational documents; make material changes in accounting treatment or reporting practices; enter into certain restrictive agreements; enter into certain hedging agreements; engage in transactions with affiliates; enter into certain employee benefit plans; make acquisitions; and other matters customarily included in senior secured loan agreements.

The Credit Agreement also contains customary reporting and other affirmative covenants, as well as customary events of default, including, without limitation, nonpayment of obligations under the Credit Facilities when due; material inaccuracy of representations and warranties; violation of covenants in the Credit Agreement and certain other documents executed in connection therewith; breach or default of agreements related to material debt; revocation or attempted revocation of guarantees; denial of the validity or enforceability of the loan documents or failure of the loan documents to be in full force and effect; certain material judgments; certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency; certain Employee Retirement Income Securities Act events; and a change in control of the Company. Certain of the defaults are subject to exceptions, materiality qualifiers, grace periods and baskets customary for credit facilities of this type.
The Credit Agreement includes (a) a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.20:1.0, and (b) a maximum consolidated total leverage ratio of 3.75:1.0 (which was subject to step-down to 3.50:1.0 at the end of the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2023; to 3.25:1.0 at the end of the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2023; and to 3.00:1.0 for any fiscal quarter ending thereafter, including the quarter ended September 30, 2023).
We were in compliance with these covenants as of September 30, 2023.
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Repayment and prepayment
The Credit Agreement requires the Company to make quarterly amortization payments to the Term Loan Facility at an annualized rate of the loans under the Term Loan Facility for every year as follows: 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, 12.5% and 15.0%. The Credit Agreement also requires all outstanding amounts under the Credit Facilities to be repaid in full on the Maturity Date. See Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies, for the future minimum principal payments due on long-term debt for the next five years.
The Credit Agreement requires mandatory prepayments from the receipt of proceeds of dispositions or debt issuance, subject to certain exceptions and the Company's ability to re-invest and use proceeds towards acquisitions permitted by the Credit Agreement.
Voluntary prepayments of amounts outstanding under the Credit Facilities are permitted at any time, without premium or penalty.
Foreign Facility
In the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we established a credit facility in China with availability of approximately $12.3 million (denominated in the local currency) consisting of a line of credit which is subject to annual renewal (the "China Credit Facility"). We utilize the China Credit Facility to meet local working capital demands, fund letters of credit and bank guarantees, and support other short-term cash requirements in our China operations. We had $4.1 million and $0.0 million outstanding under the China Credit Facility as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which are included in current portion of long-term debt and short-term debt on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At September 30, 2023, we had $8.2 million of availability under the China Credit Facility.
Cash Paid for Interest
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cash payments for interest were $9.9 million and $6.2 million, respectively.

5. Intangible Assets
Our definite-lived intangible assets were comprised of the following: 
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Weighted-
Average
Amortization
Period
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
Trademarks/tradenames22 years$11,438 $(5,644)$5,794 $11,487 $(5,377)$6,110 
Customer relationships15 years14,133 (9,826)4,307 14,161 (9,109)5,052 
Technical know-how5 years9,790 (7,913)1,877 9,790 (6,445)3,345 
Covenant not to compete5 years330 (267)63 330 (217)113 
$35,691 $(23,650)$12,041 $35,768 $(21,148)$14,620 
    
The aggregate intangible asset amortization expense was $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The aggregate intangible asset amortization expense was $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 .

6. Fair Value Measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels, and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 - Observable inputs other than those included in Level 1. For example, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets.
Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability.
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Our financial instruments consist of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, pension assets and liabilities. The carrying value of these instruments approximates fair value as a result of the short duration of such instruments or due to the variability of the interest cost associated with such instruments.
Recurring Measurements
Foreign Currency Forward Exchange Contracts. Our derivative assets and liabilities represent foreign exchange contracts that are measured at fair value using observable market inputs such as forward rates, interest rates, our own credit risk and counterparty credit risk. Based on the utilization of these inputs, the derivative assets and liabilities are classified as Level 2. To manage our risk for transactions denominated in Mexican Pesos and Czech Crown, we have entered into forward exchange contracts that are designated as cash flow hedge instruments, which are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The gains and losses as a result of the changes in fair value of the hedge contract for transactions denominated in Mexican Pesos are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive loss and recognized in cost of revenues in the period the related hedge transactions are settled. As of September 30, 2023, hedge contracts for transactions denominated in Czech Crown were not designated as a hedging instruments; therefore, they are marked-to-market and the fair value of agreements is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets with the offsetting gains and losses recognized in other (income) expense and recognized in cost of revenues in the period the related hedge transactions are settled in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Interest Rate Swaps. To manage our exposure to variable interest rates, we have entered into interest rate swaps to exchange, at a specified interval, the difference between fixed and variable interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional principal amount. The interest rate swaps are intended to mitigate the impact of rising interest rates on the Company and covers approximately 50% of outstanding debt under the Term Loan Facility. Any changes in fair value are included in earnings or deferred through Accumulated other comprehensive loss, depending on the nature and effectiveness of the offset. Any ineffectiveness in a cash flow hedging relationship is recognized immediately in earnings in the consolidated statements of operations.
The fair values of our derivative assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis are categorized as follows: 
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Foreign exchange contracts$1,748 $ $1,748 $ $ $ $ $ 
Interest rate swap agreement$2,938 $ $2,938 $ $1,849 $ $1,849 $ 
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts$ $ $ $ $356 $ $356 $ 

The following table summarizes the notional amount of our open foreign exchange contracts:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
U.S. $
Equivalent
U.S. $
Equivalent
Fair Value
U.S. $
Equivalent
U.S. $
Equivalent
Fair Value
Commitments to buy or sell currencies$13,367 $15,121 $55,220 $53,847 
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The following table summarizes the fair value and presentation of derivatives in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets: 
 Derivative Asset
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair Value
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Foreign exchange contractsOther current assets$1,748 $ 
Interest rate swap agreementOther current assets$2,938 $1,849 
 Derivative Liability
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair Value
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Foreign exchange contractsAccrued liabilities and other$ $356 
 Derivative Equity
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair Value
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Derivative instrumentsAccumulated other comprehensive income$6,545 $3,777 
The following table summarizes the effect of derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
Recognized in Income (Loss)
Amount of Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
Recognized in Income (Loss)
Amount of Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
Recognized in Income (Loss)
Foreign exchange contractsCost of revenues$1,973 $776 $3,666 $2,076 
Interest rate swap agreementInterest and other expense$604 $(67)$1,611 $(344)
Foreign exchange contractsOther (income) expense$(183)$(185)$129 $(219)
We consider the impact of our credit risk on the fair value of the contracts, as well as our ability to honor obligations under the contract.
Other Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of long-term debt obligations is based on a fair value model utilizing observable inputs. Based on these inputs, our long-term debt fair value as disclosed is classified as Level 2. The carrying amounts and fair values of our long-term debt obligations are as follows:
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
 Carrying
Amount
Fair ValueCarrying
Amount
Fair Value
Term loan and security agreement 1
$144,792 $141,352 $152,437 $143,477 
Revolving credit facility$5,000 $5,000 $ $ 
1.Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as the current portion of long-term debt of $14.2 million and long-term debt of $135.6 million as of September 30, 2023 and current portion of long-term debt of $10.9 million and long-term debt of $141.5 million as of December 31, 2022.

7. Leases
The components of lease expense are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Operating lease cost
$2,956 $2,484 $7,677 $7,612 
Finance lease cost35 29 123 176 
Short-term lease cost
1,324 1,470 5,249 3,908 
Total lease expense$4,315 $3,983 $13,049 $11,696 
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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:
Balance Sheet LocationSeptember 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Operating Leases
Right-of-use assets, netOther assets, net$29,391 $26,372 
Current liabilitiesAccrued liabilities and other6,765 7,421 
Non-current liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities23,318 19,422 
     Total operating lease liabilities$30,083 $26,843 
Finance Leases
     Right-of-use assets, netOther assets, net$242 $270 
Current liabilitiesAccrued liabilities and other117 131 
Non-current liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities131 139 
     Total finance lease liabilities$248 $270 

Cash payments on operating leases were $7.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Anticipated future lease costs, which are based in part on certain assumptions to approximate annual rental commitments under non-cancelable leases, are as follows:
OperatingFinancingTotal
Remainder of 2023$2,330 $37 $2,367 
20249,400 117 9,517 
20258,140 78 8,218 
20266,179 30 6,209 
20273,292 7 3,299 
Thereafter16,605  16,605 
Total lease payments$45,946 $269 $46,215 
Less: Imputed interest(15,863)(21)(15,884)
Present value of lease liabilities$30,083 $248 $30,331 

8. Income Taxes
We recorded a $2.2 million tax provision, or 23% effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and $8.1 million tax provision, or 24% effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a $1.3 million and $3.5 million tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, or approximately 26% effective tax rate for each period. Income tax expense is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate, which requires management to make its best estimate of annual pretax income or loss. During the year, management regularly updates forecasted annual pretax results for the various countries in which the Company operates based on changes in factors such as prices, shipments, product mix, material inflation and manufacturing operations. To the extent that actual 2023 pretax results for U.S. and foreign income or loss vary from estimates, the actual income tax expense recognized in 2023 could be different from the forecasted amount used to estimate the income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
We have recorded valuation allowances in prior years related to U.S. deferred tax assets due to multiple year cumulative losses. Given the current earnings and anticipated future earnings of our U.S. jurisdiction,we will continue to assess if there is sufficient positive evidence to allow us to reach a conclusion that the VA on US deferred taxes will no longer be needed. Releasing the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of previously unrecognized deferred tax assets and a decrease
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to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded. However, the exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release are subject to change on the basis of the level of profitability that we are able to actually achieve.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cash paid for taxes, net of refunds received, were $9.2 million and $4.2 million, respectively.
9. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
The components of net periodic (benefit) cost related to pension and other post-retirement benefit plans is as follows:
 Non-U.S. Pension Plan
Three Months Ended September 30,
 20232022
Interest cost$359 $187 
Expected return on plan assets(310)(244)
Amortization of prior service cost11 11 
Recognized actuarial loss192 142 
Net cost$252 $96 
Non-U.S. Pension Plan
Nine months ended September 30,
20232022
Interest cost$1,064 $602 
Expected return on plan assets(912)(777)
Amortization of prior service cost36 37 
Recognized actuarial loss569 459 
Net cost$757 $321 
Net periodic (benefit) cost components, not inclusive of service costs, are recognized in other (income) expense within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
10. Performance Awards
The following table summarizes performance awards granted in the form of cash awards under the equity incentive plans: 
Amount
Adjusted Award Value at December 31, 2022$2,188 
New grants2,180 
Forfeitures(1,624)
Adjustments710 
Payments(1,159)
Adjusted Award Value at September 30, 2023$2,295 
Unrecognized compensation expense was $2.8 million and $2.0 million as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
11. Share-Based Compensation
The company's outstanding share-based compensation is comprised solely of restricted stock awards and performance stock awards to be settled in stock.
As of September 30, 2023, there was approximately $3.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under our equity incentive plans. This expense is subject to future adjustments and forfeitures and will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining period listed above for each grant.
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A summary of the status of our restricted stock awards as of September 30, 2023 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, are presented below: 
 2023
 Shares
(in thousands)
Weighted-
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Nonvested - December 31, 2022383 $7.68 
Granted660 7.51 
Vested(397)7.09 
Forfeited(48)7.66 
Nonvested - September 30, 2023598 $7.88 
As of September 30, 2023, a total of 2.5 million shares were available for future grants from the shares authorized for award under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, including cumulative forfeitures.
12. Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock — Our authorized capital stock consists of 60,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share; of which, 33,108,989 and 32,826,852 shares were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Preferred Stock — Our authorized capital stock also consists of 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, with no preferred shares outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Basic earnings (loss) per share is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings (loss) per share presented is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding during the period as determined by the treasury stock method. Potential common shares are included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when dilutive.
Diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 includes the effect of potential common shares issuable when dilutive, and is as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Net income$7,290 $3,551 $26,130 $10,018 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (in '000s)33,100 32,460 33,010 32,950 
Dilutive effect of restricted stock grants after application of the Treasury Stock Method (in '000s)250 462 398 695 
Dilutive shares outstanding33,350 32,922 33,408 33,645 
Basic earnings per share$0.22 $0.11 $0.79 $0.30 
Diluted earnings per share $0.22 $0.11 $0.78 $0.30 


There were no outstanding restricted shares awarded that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and eight thousand outstanding restricted shares awarded that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2022. There were no outstanding restricted shares awarded that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 10 thousand outstanding restricted shares awarded that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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13. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The after-tax changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), are as follows: 
Foreign
currency translation adjustment
Pension and
post-retirement
benefits plans
Derivative instrumentsAccumulated other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Balance - December 31, 2022$(24,811)$(11,512)$4,773 $(31,550)
Net current period change(1,946)(906)— (2,852)
Derivative instruments— — 1,772 1,772 
Balance - September 30, 2023$(26,757)$(12,418)$6,545 $(32,630)
 Foreign
currency translation adjustment
Pension and
post-retirement
benefit plans
Derivative instrumentsAccumulated other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Balance - December 31, 2021$(20,445)$(22,750)$757 $(42,438)
Net current period change(9,689)1,085 — (8,604)
Derivative instruments— — 4,011 4,011 
Balance - September 30, 2022$(30,134)$(21,665)$4,768 $(47,031)

The related tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Before Tax
Amount
Tax ExpenseAfter Tax AmountBefore Tax
Amount
Tax ExpenseAfter Tax Amount
Cumulative translation adjustment$(3,452)$ $(3,452)$(1,946)$ $(1,946)
Amortization of actuarial gain (loss)(900)1 (899)(908)2 (906)
Derivative instruments(1,487)618 (869)2,199 (427)1,772 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$(5,839)$619 $(5,220)$(655)$(425)$(1,080)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Before Tax
Amount
Tax ExpenseAfter Tax 
Amount
Before Tax
Amount
Tax ExpenseAfter Tax 
Amount
Cumulative translation adjustment$(4,493)$ $(4,493)$(9,689)$ $(9,689)
Amortization of actuarial gain(396)34 (362)989 96 1,085 
Derivative instruments2,494 (656)1,838 5,460 (1,449)4,011 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$(2,395)$(622)$(3,017)$(3,240)$(1,353)$(4,593)

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14. Cost Reduction and Manufacturing Capacity Rationalization

The Company's restructuring program includes aligning cost structure to support margin expansion. The program includes workforce reductions and footprint optimization across segments.

The changes in accrued restructuring balances are as follows: 
Vehicle SolutionsElectrical SystemsAftermarket & AccessoriesIndustrial AutomationCorporate/OtherTotal
December 31, 2022$(5)$ $ $458 $ $453 
New charges83 8  622  713 
Payments and other adjustments(78)(8) (369) (455)
March 31, 2023$ $ $ $711 $ $711 
New charges340   378  718 
Payments and other adjustments(340)  (391) (731)
June 30, 2023$ $ $ $698 $ $698 
New charges   70  70 
Payments and other adjustments   (70) (70)
September 30, 2023$ $ $ $698 $ $698 
Vehicle SolutionsElectrical SystemsAftermarket & AccessoriesIndustrial AutomationCorporate/OtherTotal
December 31, 2021$230 $ $ $417 $(161)$486 
New charges204  435 350  989 
Payments and other adjustments(309) (435)(770)422 (1,092)
March 31, 2022$125 $ $ $(3)$261 $383 
New charges 571 560 314 306 1,751 
Payments and other adjustments(91)(571)(560)(311)(444)(1,977)
June 30, 2022$34 $ $ $ $123 $157 
New charges$66 $ $445 $136 $ $647 
Payments and other adjustments$(90)$(445)$(46)$(123)$(704)
September 30, 2022$10 $ $ $90 $ $100 
The $0.1 million costs incurred in the three months ended September 30, 2023 primarily related to headcount reductions and were recorded in cost of revenues.
Of the $1.5 million costs incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $0.6 million primarily related to headcount reductions and $0.9 million related to facility exit and other costs. Substantially all costs incurred were recorded in cost of revenues.
15. Commitments and Contingencies
Leases - As disclosed in Note 7, Leases, we lease office, warehouse and manufacturing space and equipment under non-cancelable operating lease agreements that generally require us to pay maintenance, insurance, taxes and other expenses in addition to annual rental fees. As of September 30, 2023, our equipment leases did not provide for any material guarantee of a specified portion of residual values.
Guarantees - Costs associated with guarantees are accrued when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The most likely cost to be incurred is accrued based on an evaluation of available facts; where no
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amount within a range of estimates is more likely, the minimum is accrued. As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, we had no such guarantees.
Litigation - We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business, including but not limited to product liability claims, customer and supplier disputes, service provider disputes, examinations by taxing authorities, employment disputes, workers’ compensation claims, unfair labor practice charges, OSHA investigations, intellectual property disputes and environmental claims arising out of the conduct of our businesses.
Management believes that the Company maintains adequate insurance and that we have established reserves for issues that are probable and estimable in amounts that are adequate to cover reasonable adverse judgments not covered by insurance. Based upon the information available to management and discussions with legal counsel, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate outcome of the various legal actions and claims that are incidental to our business are not expected to have a material adverse impact on the consolidated financial position, results of operations, equity or cash flows; however, such matters are subject to many uncertainties and the outcomes of individual matters are not predictable with any degree of assurance.
Warranty - We are subject to warranty claims for products that fail to perform as expected due to design or manufacturing deficiencies. Depending on the terms under which we supply products to our customers, a customer may hold us responsible for some or all of the repair or replacement costs of defective products when the product supplied did not perform as represented. Our policy is to record provisions for estimated future customer warranty costs based on historical trends and for specific claims. These amounts, as they relate to the periods ended September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are included within accrued liabilities and other in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On July 24, 2023, one of our customers issued a voluntary safety recall related to certain wiper system components supplied by us. To the extent a loss occurs that is attributed to us, we believe that we have reasonable levels of insurance coverage to mitigate recall exposure risk. It is reasonably possible that we will incur additional losses and fees above the amount accrued for warranty claims but we cannot estimate a range of such reasonably possible losses or fees related to these claims at this time. There are no assurances, however, that settlements reached and/or adverse judgments received, if any, will not exceed amounts normally accrued.
The following presents a summary of the warranty provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
Balance - December 31, 2022$1,433 
Provision for warranty claims903 
Deduction for payments made and other adjustments(763)
Balance - September 30, 2023$1,573 

Debt Payments - As disclosed in Note 4, Debt, the Credit Agreement requires the Company to repay a fixed amount of principal on a quarterly basis and make voluntary prepayments that coincide with certain events.
The following table provides future minimum principal payments due on long-term debt for the next five years. The existing long-term debt agreement matures in 2027; no payments are due thereafter:
Total
Remainder of 2023$3,280 
2024$15,313 
2025$19,688 
2026$24,063 
2027$87,500 
Thereafter$ 


16. Segment Reporting
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that are evaluated regularly by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), which is our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer. Each of these segments consists of a number of manufacturing facilities. Certain of our facilities manufacture and sell products through multiple segments. Our segments are more specifically described below.

The Vehicle Solutions segment designs, manufactures and sells the following products:
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Commercial vehicle seats for the global commercial vehicle markets including heavy duty trucks, medium duty trucks, last mile delivery trucks and vans, construction and agriculture equipment in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific. This segment includes a portion of the company’s activities in the electric vehicle market.
Plastic components ("Trim") primarily for the North America commercial vehicle market and power sports markets; and Cab structures for the North American medium-duty/heavy-duty ("MD/HD") truck market.

The Electrical Systems segment designs, manufactures and sells the following products:
Cable and harness assemblies for both high and low voltage applications, control boxes, dashboard assemblies and design and engineering for these applications.
The end markets for these products are construction, agricultural, warehouse, automotive (both internal combustion and electric vehicles), truck, mining, rail and the military/ defense industries in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific.

The Aftermarket & Accessories segment designs, manufactures and sells the following products:
Seats and components sold into the commercial vehicle channels that provide repair and refurbishing. These channels include Original Equipment Service ("OES") centers and retail distributors, and are spread across North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific.
Commercial vehicle accessories including wipers, mirrors, and sensors. These products are sold both as Original Equipment and as repair products.
Office seats primarily sold into the commercial and home office furniture distribution channels in Europe and Asia-Pacific.

The Industrial Automation segment designs, manufactures and sells the following products:
Warehouse automation subsystems including control panels, electro-mechanical assemblies, cable assemblies, and power and communication solutions.
The end markets for these products primarily include e-commerce, warehouse integration, transportation and the military/defense industry.

Corporate expenses consist of certain overhead and shared costs that are not directly attributable to the operations of a segment. For purposes of business segment performance measurement, some of these costs that are for the benefit of the operations are allocated based on a combination of methodologies. The costs that are not allocated to a segment are considered stewardship costs and remain at corporate in our segment reporting.
The following tables present financial information for the Company's reportable segments for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Vehicle SolutionsElectrical SystemsAftermarket and AccessoriesIndustrial AutomationCorporate/OtherTotal
Revenues$145,393 $53,862 $34,412 $13,020 $ $246,687 
Gross profit17,661 7,881 6,605 1,777  33,924 
Selling, general & administrative expenses 6,761 2,018 2,104 1,087 9,506 21,476 
Operating income (loss)$10,900 $5,863 $4,501 $690 $(9,506)$12,448 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Vehicle SolutionsElectrical SystemsAftermarket and AccessoriesIndustrial AutomationCorporate/OtherTotal
Revenues$154,024 $46,129 $37,143 $14,116 $ $251,412 
Gross profit13,839 6,210 6,389 404  26,842 
Selling, general & administrative expenses
4,279 1,055 1,436 1,371 9,163 17,304 
Operating income (loss)$9,560 $5,155 $4,953 $(967)$(9,163)$9,538 

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Vehicle SolutionsElectrical SystemsAftermarket and AccessoriesIndustrial AutomationCorporate/OtherTotal
Revenues$458,707 $172,236 $108,870 $31,777 $ $771,590 
Gross profit58,035 26,524 21,620 1,355  107,534 
Selling, general & administrative expenses 19,609 6,932 6,017 3,588 28,352 64,498 
Operating income (loss)$38,426 $19,592 $15,603 $(2,233)$(28,352)$43,036 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Vehicle SolutionsElectrical SystemsAftermarket and AccessoriesIndustrial AutomationCorporate/OtherTotal
Revenues$436,966 $133,350 $99,530 $76,789 $ $746,635 
Gross profit35,657 16,857 13,341 8,249  74,104 
Selling, general & administrative expenses
18,269 3,998 4,636 4,242 18,810 49,955 
Operating income (loss)$17,388 $12,859 $8,705 $4,007 $(18,810)$24,149 
17. Other Financial Information
Items reported in inventories consisted of the following: 
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Raw materials$96,630 $108,417 
Work in process14,208 17,757 
Finished goods17,354 16,368 
Inventories$128,192 $142,542 

Items reported in property, plant, and equipment, net consisted of the following:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Land and buildings$33,645 $32,267 
Machinery and equipment219,088 212,352 
Construction in progress7,229 7,317 
Property, plant, and equipment, gross259,962 251,936 
Less accumulated depreciation(188,408)(184,131)
Property, plant and equipment, net$71,554 $67,805 
Items reported in accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Compensation and benefits$26,496 $13,370 
Operating lease liabilities6,765 7,421 
Taxes payable6,673 5,092 
Accrued freight3,223 4,225 
Warranty costs1,573 1,433 
Other8,269 11,268 
Accrued liabilities and other$52,999 $42,809 




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ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The discussion and analysis below described material changes in financial condition and results of operations as reflected in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Business Overview
CVG is a global provider of systems, assemblies and components to the global commercial vehicle market, the electric vehicle market, and the industrial automation markets. We deliver real solutions to complex design, engineering and manufacturing problems while creating positive change for our customers, industries, and communities we serve.

We have manufacturing operations in the United States, Mexico, China, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Thailand, India, Australia and Morocco. Our products are primarily sold in North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region.

We primarily manufacture customized products to meet the requirements of our customers. We believe our products are used by a majority of the North American Commercial Truck markets, many construction vehicle OEMs parts and service dealers distributors, as well as top e-commerce retailers.
Key Developments

During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we established two new plant locations: one in Tangier, Morocco, and another in Aldama, Mexico. These plants are a cornerstone in our strategy of globally expanding our electrical systems business.

Consolidated Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

The table below sets forth certain consolidated operating data for the three months ended September 30 (dollars are in thousands):
 20232022$ Change% Change
Revenues$246,687 $251,412 $(4,725)(1.9)%
Gross profit33,924 26,842 7,082 26.4
Selling, general and administrative expenses21,476 17,304 4,172 24.1
Other expense383 1,924 (1,541)(80.1)
Interest expense2,614 2,813 (199)(7.1)
Provision for income taxes2,161 1,250 911 72.9
        Net income7,290 3,551 3,739 105.3
Revenues. The decrease in consolidated revenues resulted from:

a $0.9 million, or 0.4%, decrease in OEM and other revenues;
a $2.7 million, or 7.4%, decrease in aftermarket and OES sales; and
a $1.1 million, or 7.8%, decrease in industrial automation sales.

Third quarter 2023 revenues were favorably impacted by foreign currency exchange translation of $2.0 million, which is reflected in the change in revenues above. The decrease in revenues of 1.9% is due primarily to the previous year benefiting from a post-COVID backlog in Asia-Pacific. In addition, Industrial Automation and Aftermarket & Accessories segments experienced lower volumes. These reductions were partially offset by increased pricing and volume from the Electrical Systems business.

Gross Profit. Included in gross profit is cost of revenues, which consists primarily of raw materials and purchased components for our products, wages and benefits for our employees and overhead expenses such as manufacturing supplies, facility rent and utilities costs related to our operations. The $7.1 million increase in gross profit is primarily attributable to price increases with customers and cost reduction initiatives, partially offset by volume decreases. Cost of revenues decreased $11.8 million, or 5.3%, as a result of a decrease in raw material and purchased component costs of $16.1 million, or 10.6%, offset by an increase in labor and overhead expenses of $4.3 million, or 5.8%. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin was 13.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 10.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A”) consist primarily of wages and benefits and other expenses such as marketing, travel, legal, audit, rent and utility costs which are not directly associated with the manufacturing of our products. SG&A expenses increased $4.2 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily as a result of increased employee salaries including an increase in incentive compensation expenses and professional service. As a percentage of revenues, SG&A expense was 8.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 6.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Other Expense. Other expenses decreased $1.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 due primarily to partial settlement of the Company's U.S. Pension Plan liabilities of $1.1 million completed in the three months ended September 30, 2022 as well as favorable change in foreign currency of $0.5 million.
Interest Expense. Interest associated with our debt was $2.6 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in interest expense primarily related to lower average debt balances during the respective comparative periods, offset by higher interest rates on variable rate debt.
Provision for Income Taxes. An income tax provision of $2.2 million and $1.3 million were recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The period over period change in income tax was primarily attributable to a $4.7 million increase in pre-tax income versus the prior year period.

Net Income. Net income was $7.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $3.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in net income is attributable to the factors noted above.

Segment Results
Vehicle Solutions Segment Results 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
The table below sets forth certain Vehicle Solutions Segment operating data for the three months ended September 30 (dollars are in thousands):
 20232022$ Change% Change
Revenues$145,393 $154,024 $(8,631)(5.6)%
Gross profit17,661 13,839 3,822 27.6
Selling, general & administrative expenses 6,761 4,279 2,482 58.0
Operating income10,900 9,560 1,340 14.0

Revenues. The decrease in Vehicle Solutions Segment revenues was primarily as a result of high APAC sales volume in 2022 generated from COVID backlog production in region.
Gross Profit. The increase in gross profit was primarily attributable to price increases with customers and cost reduction initiatives, partially offset by volume decreases. Included in gross profit is cost of revenues, which decreased $12.5 million, or 8.9%, as a result of a decrease in raw material and purchased component costs of $15.8 million, or 15.8%, offset by an increase in labor and overhead expenses of $3.3 million, or 8.1%. 
As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin was 12.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 9.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, driven by increased pricing and material & freight cost reduction improvements.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  SG&A expenses increased $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to an increase in employee benefit costs and professional service.
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Electrical Systems Segment Results 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
The table below sets forth certain Electrical Systems Segment operating data for the three months ended September 30 (dollars are in thousands):
 20232022$ Change% Change
Revenues$53,862 $46,129 $7,733 16.8%
Gross profit7,881 6,210 1,671 26.9
Selling, general & administrative expenses2,018 1,055 963 91.3
Operating income5,863 5,155 708 13.7
Revenues. The increase in Electrical Systems Segment revenues primarily resulted from increased sales volume, pricing and favorable foreign exchange.
Gross Profit. The increase in gross profit is primarily attributable to increased sales volume and pricing, partially offset by startup costs related to new facilities. Included in gross profit is cost of revenues, which increased $6.1 million, or 15.2%, as a result of an increase in raw material and purchased component costs of $1.6 million, or 6.7%, and an increase in labor and overhead expenses of $4.5 million, or 27.1%.
As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin was 14.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 13.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, driven by increased pricing and volume leverage.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  SG&A expenses increased $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by increased employee benefit costs and salaries including an increase in incentive compensation expenses.
Aftermarket & Accessories Segment Results 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
The table below sets forth certain Aftermarket & Accessories Segment operating data for the three months ended September 30 (dollars are in thousands):
 20232022$ Change% Change
Revenues$34,412 $37,143 $(2,731)(7.4)%
Gross profit6,605 6,389 216 3.4
Selling, general & administrative expenses2,104 1,436 668 46.5
Operating income4,501 4,953 (452)(9.1)
Revenues. The decrease in Aftermarket & Accessories Segment revenues primarily resulted from decreased volume.
Gross Profit. The increase in gross profit is primarily attributable to increased pricing and cost reduction. Included in gross profit is cost of revenues, which decreased $2.9 million, or 9.6%, as a result of a decrease in raw material and purchased component costs of $1.1 million, or 6.1%, and a decrease in labor and overhead expenses of $1.8 million, or 15.1%.
As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin was 19.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 17.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in gross profit margin is primarily due to increased pricing offsetting moderating cost inflation.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  SG&A expenses increased $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by increased employee benefit costs and salaries including an increase in incentive compensation expenses.
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Industrial Automation Segment Results 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
The table below sets forth certain Industrial Automation Segment operating data for the three months ended September 30 (dollars are in thousands):
 20232022$ Change% Change
Revenues$13,020 $14,116 $(1,096)(7.8)%
Gross profit1,777 404 1,373 339.9
Selling, general & administrative expenses1,087 1,371 (284)(20.7)
Operating income (loss)690 (967)1,657 
NM1
1.Not meaningful
Revenues. The decrease in Industrial Automation Segment revenues primarily resulted from lower sales volume due to decreased customer demand.
Gross Profit. The increase in gross profit is primarily attributable to profit reported from the liquidation of certain excess inventories. Included in gross profit is cost of revenues, which decreased $2.5 million, or 18.0%, as a result of a decrease in raw material and purchased component costs of $0.8 million, or 7.6%, and a decrease in labor and overhead expenses of $1.7 million, or 46.1%.
As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin was 13.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 2.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in gross profit margin is primarily due to the previously noted the liquidation of certain excess inventories. The three months ended September 30, 2023 results include charges of $0.1 million associated with the restructuring program.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  SG&A expenses decreased $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.


Consolidated Results of Operations

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

The table below sets forth certain consolidated operating data for the nine months ended September 30, (dollars are in thousands):

 20232022$ Change% Change
Revenues$771,590 $746,635 $24,955 3.3%
Gross profit107,534 74,104 33,430 45.1
Selling, general and administrative expenses64,498 49,955 14,543 29.1
Other expense488 2,798 (2,310)(82.6)
Interest expense8,308 6,892 1,416 20.5
Loss on extinguishment of debt— 921 (921)(100.0)
Provision for income taxes8,110 3,520 4,590 130.4
        Net income26,130 10,018 16,112 160.8
Revenues. The increase in consolidated revenues resulted from:

a $60.6 million, or 10.6%, increase in OEM and other revenues;
a $9.3 million, or 9.4%, increase in aftermarket and OES sales; and
a $45.0 million, or 58.6%, decrease in industrial automation sales.
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Nine months ended 2023 revenues were unfavorably impacted by foreign currency exchange translation of $0.2 million, which is reflected in the change in revenues above. The increase in revenues is primarily driven by increased pricing to offset material cost increases and increased sales volume from the Electrical Systems business, offset by lower sales volume in the Industrial Automation segment and Aftermarket & Accessories.
Gross Profit. The $33.4 million increase in gross profit is primarily attributable to price increases with customers and cost reduction initiatives. Cost of revenues decreased $8.5 million, or 1.3%, as a result of a decrease in raw material and purchased component costs of $21.9 million, or 4.9%, offset by an increase in labor and overhead expenses of $13.4 million, or 5.9%. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin was 13.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 9.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The nine months ended September 30, 2023 results include charges of $1.4 million associated with the restructuring program.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SG&A expenses increased $14.5 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily as a result of increased employee salaries and professional services. As a percentage of revenues, SG&A expense was 8.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 6.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Other Expense. Other expenses decreased $2.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due primarily to partial settlement of the Company's U.S. Pension Plan liabilities of $1.1 million completed in three months ended September 30, 2022 as well as a favorable change in foreign currency of $1.4 million.
Interest Expense. Interest associated with our debt was $8.3 million and $6.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in interest expense primarily related to higher interest rates on variable rate debt, offset by lower average debt balances during the respective comparative periods.
Loss on extinguishment of debt. On May 12, 2022, the Company refinanced its long-term debt, which resulted in a loss of $0.9 million, including a $0.6 million non-cash write off relating to deferred financing costs of the Term loan facility due 2026 and $0.3 million of other associated fees.
Provision for Income Taxes. An income tax provision of $8.1 million and $3.5 million were recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The period over period change in income tax was primarily attributable to the $20.7 million increase in pre-tax income versus the prior year period.

Net Income. Net income was $26.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $10.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in net income is attributable to the factors noted above.

Segment Results
Vehicle Solutions Segment Results 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
The table below sets forth certain Vehicle Solutions Segment operating data for the nine months ended September 30, (dollars are in thousands):
 20232022$ Change% Change
Revenues$458,707 $436,966 $21,741 5.0%
Gross profit58,035 35,657 22,378 62.8
Selling, general & administrative expenses 19,609 18,269 1,340 7.3
Operating income38,426 17,388 21,038 121.0

Revenues. The increase in Vehicle Solutions Segment revenues primarily resulted from increased sales volume and increased
pricing to offset material cost increases.
Gross Profit. The increase in gross profit was primarily attributable to price increases with customers and cost reduction initiatives. Included in gross profit is cost of revenues, which decreased $0.6 million, or 0.2%, as a result of a decrease in raw
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material and purchased component costs of $10.8 million, or 3.9%, offset by an increase in labor and overhead expenses of $10.2 million, or 8.1%. 
As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin was 12.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 8.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, driven by lower startup costs, improved manufacturing efficiencies, increased pricing to offset material cost inflation and freight costs. The nine months ended September 30, 2023 results include charges of $0.4 million associated with the restructuring program.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  SG&A expenses increased $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to an increase in employee benefit costs and salaries including an increase in incentive compensation expenses.
Electrical Systems Segment Results 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
The table below sets forth certain Electrical Systems Segment operating data for the nine months ended September 30, (dollars are in thousands):
 20232022$ Change% Change
Revenues$172,236 $133,350 $38,886 29.2%
Gross profit26,524 16,857 9,667 57.3
Selling, general & administrative expenses6,932 3,998 2,934 73.4
Operating income19,592 12,859 6,733 52.4
Revenues. The increase in Electrical Systems Segment revenues resulted from sales volume, increased pricing to offset material cost pass-through and other inflationary items.
Gross Profit. The increase in gross profit is primarily attributable to volume leverage and increased pricing to offset material cost pass-through and other inflationary items. Included in gross profit is cost of revenues, which increased $29.2 million, or 25.1%, as a result of an increase in raw material and purchased component costs of $16.5 million, or 25.4%, and an increase in labor and overhead expenses of $12.7 million, or 24.7%.
As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin was 15.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 12.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, driven by volume leverage and increased pricing.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  SG&A expenses increased $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by increased headcount and quarterly incentive adjustments.
Aftermarket & Accessories Segment Results  
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
The table below sets forth certain Aftermarket & Accessories Segment operating data for the nine months ended September 30, (dollars are in thousands):
 20232022$ Change% Change
Revenues$108,870 $99,530 $9,340 9.4%
Gross profit21,620 13,341 8,279 62.1
Selling, general & administrative expenses6,017 4,636 1,381 29.8
Operating income15,603 8,705 6,898 79.2
Revenues. The increase in Aftermarket & Accessories Segment revenues primarily resulted from increased pricing to offset material cost pass-through and increased sales volume.
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Gross Profit. The increase in gross profit is primarily attributable to the increased pricing to offset material cost inflation and freight costs. Included in gross profit is cost of revenues, which increased $1.1 million, or 1.2%, as a result of an increase in raw material and purchased component costs of $1.9 million, or 3.5%, offset by a decrease in labor and overhead expenses of $0.8 million, or 2.5%.
As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin was 19.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 13.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This was primarily due to increased pricing offsetting moderating cost inflation.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SG&A expenses increased $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, consistent with the prior year amount on a percent of sales basis.
Industrial Automation Segment Results 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
The table below sets forth certain Industrial Automation Segment operating data for the nine months ended September 30, (dollars are in thousands):
 20232022$ Change% Change
Revenues$31,777 $76,789 $(45,012)(58.6)%
Gross profit1,355 8,249 (6,894)(83.6)
Selling, general & administrative expenses3,588 4,242 (654)(15.4)
Operating (loss) income
(2,233)4,007 (6,240)
NM1
1.Not meaningful
Revenues. The decrease in Industrial Automation Segment revenues primarily resulted from lower sales volume due to decreased customer demand.
Gross Profit. The decrease in gross profit is primarily attributable to lower sales volume. Included in gross profit is cost of revenues, which decreased $38.1 million, or 55.6%, as a result of a decrease in raw material and purchased component costs of $29.5 million, or 55.5%, and a decrease in labor and overhead expenses of $8.6 million, or 55.8%.
As a percentage of revenues, gross profit margin was 4.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to gross profit margin of 10.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to volume reduction and restructuring expenses. The nine months ended September 30, 2023 results include charges of $1.1 million associated with the restructuring program.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  SG&A expenses decreased $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by overhead reduction.


Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2023, the Company had total liquidity of $198.3 million, including $46.3 million of cash and $152.0 million of availability from its U.S. and China credit facilities.
Our primary sources of liquidity as of September 30, 2023 were operating income, cash reserves and availability under our credit facilities. We believe that these sources of liquidity will provide adequate funds for our working capital needs, capital expenditures and debt service throughout the next twelve months. However, no assurance can be given that this will be the case.
As of September 30, 2023, cash of $43.5 million was held by foreign subsidiaries. The Company had a $0.9 million deferred tax liability as of September 30, 2023 for the expected future income tax implications of repatriating cash from the foreign subsidiaries for which no indefinite reinvestment assertion has been made.

Covenants and Liquidity

On May 12, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to increase its existing senior secured credit facilities to $325 million from $275 million consisting of a $175 million Term Loan A and a $150 million Revolving Credit Facility. The
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amendment provides the Company with additional capital flexibility to execute upon its transformation and growth initiatives. As part of the amended terms of the agreement, the maturity date of the Senior Secured Credit Facilities has been extended by twelve months to May 12, 2027, the interest rate decreased by 50 bps at various leverage ratios based on SOFR, and the maximum consolidated total leverage ratio increased from 3.25x to 3.75x until December 31, 2022 with a quarterly step down of 25 bps to 3.00x leverage by September 30, 2023 and the maximum consolidated total leverage ratio will remain at this level thereafter. Further, separate from the Company’s annual $35 million capital spending cap, a one-time $45 million capital project basket was included in the amendment. All other key provisions, including the $75 million accordion, acquisition holiday, and other baskets remain unchanged.

Our ability to comply with the covenants in the Credit Agreement, as discussed in Note 4, Debt, may be affected by economic or business conditions beyond our control. Based on our current forecast, we believe that we will be able to maintain compliance with the financial maintenance covenants and the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant and other covenants in the Credit Agreement for the next twelve months; however, no assurances can be given that we will be able to comply. We base our forecasts on historical experience, industry forecasts and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. If actual results are substantially different than our current forecast, we may not be able to comply with our financial covenants.

Sources and Uses of Cash

September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities$29,990 $33,794 
Net cash used in investing activities(15,196)(12,525)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities531 (13,031)
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash(857)(4,483)
Net increase in cash$14,468 $3,755 
Operating activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities was $30.0 million compared to $33.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net cash provided by operating activities is primarily attributable to a smaller increase in working capital offset by the improved financial results during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Investing activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was mainly due to timing of capital expenditures of $15.2 million compared to $12.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. In 2023, we expect capital expenditures to be in the range of $20 million to $25 million.
Financing activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was $0.5 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of $13.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is primarily attributable to $11.3 million of net repayments under our credit facilities.

Debt and Credit Facilities

The debt and credit facilities descriptions in Note 4, Debt are incorporated in this section by reference.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). For a comprehensive discussion of our significant accounting policies, see "Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies", to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 in our 2022 Form 10-K.
Critical accounting estimates are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results. These estimates require management's most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to estimate matters that are inherently uncertain. We review the development, selection, and disclosure of our critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our board of directors. For information about critical accounting estimates, see Critical Accounting Estimates in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in
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our 2022 Form 10-K. At September 30, 2023, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarter Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact, including without limitation, certain statements under “Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and located elsewhere herein regarding industry outlook, the Company’s expectations for future periods with respect to its plans to improve financial results, the future of the Company’s end markets, changes in the Class 8 and Class 5-7 North America truck build rates, performance of the global construction equipment business, the Company’s prospects in the wire harness, warehouse automation and electric vehicle markets, the Company’s initiatives to address customer needs, organic growth, the Company’s strategic plans and plans to focus on certain segments, competition faced by the Company, volatility in and disruption to the global economic environment, including inflation and labor shortages, financial covenant compliance, anticipated effects of acquisitions, production of new products, plans for capital expenditures and our results of operations or financial position and liquidity, may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believe”, “anticipate”, “plan”, “expect”, “intend”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “would”, “project”, “continue”, “likely”, and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The important factors discussed in “Item 1A - Risk Factors”, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements made herein and presented elsewhere by management from time to time. Such forward-looking statements represent management’s current expectations and are inherently uncertain. Investors are warned that actual results may differ from management’s expectations. Additionally, various economic and competitive factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in such forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, factors which are outside our control.

Any forward-looking statement that we make in this report speaks only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or to publicly announce the results of any revision to any of those statements to reflect future events or developments. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.
ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
For information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see the discussion under "Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in our 2022 Form 10-K. As of September 30, 2023, there have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk from those disclosed in our 2022 Form 10-K.
ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our senior management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

We evaluated, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls. Our management, including our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated,
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can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of error or mistake. Controls also can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1         Legal Proceedings

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, product liability claims, customer and supplier disputes, service provider disputes, examinations by taxing authorities, employment disputes, workers’ compensation claims, unfair labor practice charges, OSHA investigations, intellectual property disputes and environmental claims arising out of the conduct of our businesses. Based upon the information available to management and discussions with legal counsel, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate outcome of the various legal actions and claims that are incidental to our business are not expected to have a material adverse impact on the consolidated financial position, results of operations, stockholders' equity or cash flows; however, such matters are subject to many uncertainties and the outcomes of individual matters are not predictable with any degree of assurance.


ITEM 1A     Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the information in this Form 10-Q, the risk factors discussed in "Risk Factors" and other risks discussed in our 2022 Form 10-K and our filings with the SEC since December 31, 2022. These risks could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows. Our business also could be affected by risks that we are not presently aware of or that we currently consider immaterial to our operations.


ITEM 2         Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not sell any equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We did not repurchase any equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.


ITEM 3        Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.


ITEM 4        Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.


ITEM 5        Other Information
Neither the Company nor any of our officers or directors adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined by Item 408(a) and Item 408(d) of Regulation S-K during the last fiscal quarter.


ITEM 6        Exhibits
302 Certification by Robert C. Griffin, Interim President and Chief Executive Officer.
302 Certification by Andy Cheung, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101Interactive Data Files

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP, INC.
Date: November 9, 2023By
/s/ Andy Cheung
Chung Kin Cheung ("Andy Cheung")
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
Date: November 9, 2023By
/s/ Angela M. O'Leary
Angela M. O'Leary
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

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