QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 1-1169
THE TIMKEN COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Ohio
34-0577130
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
4500 Mount Pleasant Street NW
North Canton
Ohio
44720-5450
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
234.262.3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, without par value
TKR
The New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common shares, as of the latest practicable date.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Note 1 - Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) for The Timken Company (the "Company" or "Timken") have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and notes required by the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) and disclosures considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies
The Company's significant accounting policies are detailed in "Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies" of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements:
New Accounting Guidance Issued and Not Yet Adopted:
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 40). ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments in this update require that public business entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. The amendments require that all entities disclose on an annual basis the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated for federal, state, and foreign taxes and further disaggregated for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold. For public entities, the new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280). ASU 2023-07 requires that a public entity disclose: (1) on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss; (2) on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition; and (3) the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the segment expenses disclosed and each reported measure of segment profit or loss. For public entities, the new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.
During 2023, Timken completed six acquisitions, which enhanced the Company's capabilities and product portfolio. On December 20, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the capital stock of Lagersmit Holding B.V. ("Lagersmit"), a Netherlands-based manufacturer of highly engineered sealing solutions for marine, dredging, water, tidal energy and other industrial applications. On November 1, 2023, the Company acquired Engineered Solutions Group ("iMECH"). The Company acquired 100% of the capital stock in the United States and substantially all of the assets in Canada. iMECH manufactures thrust bearings, radial bearings, specialty coatings and other components primarily used in the energy industry. iMECH has facilities in Houston, Texas and Alberta, Canada. On September 29, 2023, the Company acquired 100% of the capital stock of Rosa Sistemi S.p.A. ("Rosa"), a European designer and manufacturer of roller guideways, linear bearings, customized linear systems and actuators, commercialized ball guideways and precision ball screws. Rosa has its headquarters, R&D and high-precision manufacturing facility in Milan, Italy. On September 1, 2023, the Company acquired 100% of the capital stock of D-C Filtration Holdings Corp. ("Des-Case"), a Tennessee-based manufacturer of specialty filtration products for industrial lubricants. Des-Case has manufacturing facilities in Tennessee and the Netherlands. On April 4, 2023, the Company acquired 100% of the capital stock of Leonardo Top S.a.r.l. ("Nadella"), a leading European manufacturer of linear guides, telescopic rails, actuators and systems and other specialized industrial motion solutions. Based in Italy, Nadella operates manufacturing facilities in Europe and China. On January 31, 2023, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of American Roller Bearing Company ("ARB"), a North Carolina-based manufacturer of industrial bearings. ARB, which boasts a large U.S. installed base and strong aftermarket business, operates manufacturing facilities in Hiddenite and Morganton, North Carolina. The total purchase price for these six acquisitions was $641.2 million (including working capital adjustments paid in 2024), net of cash acquired of $30.6 million. Results for Lagersmit, Rosa, Des-Case and Nadella are reported in the Industrial Motion segment, and results for iMECH and ARB are reported in the Engineered Bearings segment. The Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $6.5 million in total to complete these six acquisitions in 2023.
Note 3 - Acquisitions and Divestitures (continued)
The following table presents the updated purchase price allocation at fair value, net of cash acquired, for the 2023 acquisitions, as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024:
Purchase Price Allocation at December 31, 2023
2024 Adjustments
Updated Purchase Price Allocation at March 31, 2024
Assets:
Accounts receivable
$
44.7
$
(0.2)
$
44.5
Inventories
111.8
2.2
114.0
Other current assets
5.0
—
5.0
Property, plant and equipment
47.7
0.2
47.9
Operating lease assets
7.3
(0.1)
7.2
Goodwill
285.6
2.3
287.9
Other intangible assets
306.7
(6.3)
300.4
Other assets
6.7
—
6.7
Total assets acquired
$
815.5
$
(1.9)
$
813.6
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, trade
$
24.0
$
—
$
24.0
Salaries, wages and benefits
16.9
(2.0)
14.9
Income taxes payable
5.5
—
5.5
Other current liabilities
10.7
(0.1)
10.6
Short-term debt
4.7
—
4.7
Long-term debt
6.0
—
6.0
Accrued pension benefits
3.6
—
3.6
Long-term operating lease liabilities
7.0
—
7.0
Deferred income taxes
83.3
—
83.3
Other non-current liabilities
7.6
—
7.6
Total liabilities assumed
$
169.3
$
(2.1)
$
167.2
Noncontrolling interest acquired
5.2
—
5.2
Net assets acquired
$
641.0
$
0.2
$
641.2
The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation at fair value for identifiable intangible assets acquired in 2023:
Note 3 - Acquisitions and Divestitures (continued)
In determining the fair value of the amounts above, the Company utilized various forms of the income, cost and market approaches depending on the asset or liability being valued. The estimation of fair value required judgment related to future net cash flows, discount rates, competitive trends, market comparisons and other factors. As a result, the Company utilized third-party valuation specialists to assist in determining the fair value of certain assets. Inputs were generally determined by taking into account independent appraisals and historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions.
The amounts in the table above represent the purchase price allocation for the 2023 acquisitions as of the dates noted above. This purchase price allocation, including the residual amount allocated to goodwill, is based on preliminary information in most cases and is subject to change as additional information concerning final asset and liability valuations are obtained and management completes its reassessment of the measurement period procedures based on the results of the preliminary valuation. The purchase price allocations for Lagersmit, iMECH, Rosa and Des-Case are preliminary. The purchase price allocation for Nadella is substantially complete. The purchase price allocation for ARB is complete. During the applicable measurement period, the Company will adjust assets and liabilities if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in revised estimated values of those assets or liabilities as of that date. The effect of measurement period adjustments to the estimated fair values will be reflected as if the adjustments has been completed on the acquisition date.
Divestitures:
On February 28, 2023, the Company completed the sale of all of its membership interests in S.E. Setco Services Company, LLC ("SE Setco"), a 50% owned joint venture. The Company had accounted for SE Setco as an equity method investment prior to the sale. The Company received $5.7 million in cash proceeds for SE Setco and recognized a pretax gain of $4.8 million on the sale. The gain was reflected in other income, net in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The primary measurement used by management to measure the financial performance of each segment is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA").
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2023
Net sales:
Engineered Bearings
$
802.5
$
900.7
Industrial Motion
387.8
362.1
Net sales
$
1,190.3
$
1,262.8
Segment EBITDA:
Engineered Bearings
$
178.7
$
205.0
Industrial Motion
77.3
48.2
Total EBITDA, for reportable segments
$
256.0
$
253.2
Unallocated corporate expense
(18.0)
(17.7)
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related income (1)
—
0.9
Depreciation and amortization
(55.3)
(45.6)
Interest expense
(32.2)
(24.1)
Interest income
2.8
1.5
Income before income taxes
$
153.3
$
168.2
(1) Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related income represents actuarial (losses) and gains that resulted from the remeasurement of pension and other postretirement plan assets and obligations as a result of changes in assumptions or experience.
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Assets by Segment:
Engineered Bearings
$
3,327.2
$
3,296.8
Industrial Motion
2,721.4
2,744.5
Corporate (2)
495.4
500.4
$
6,544.0
$
6,541.7
(2) Corporate assets include corporate buildings and cash and cash equivalents.
The following table presents details deemed most relevant to the users of the financial statements about total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2023
Engineered Bearings
Industrial Motion
Total
Engineered Bearings
Industrial Motion
Total
United States
$
335.1
$
192.7
$
527.8
$
340.9
$
194.3
$
535.2
Americas excluding the United States
94.7
24.6
119.3
92.2
27.9
120.1
Europe / Middle East / Africa
169.5
142.6
312.1
183.9
113.8
297.7
China
71.7
16.3
88.0
158.4
16.3
174.7
Asia-Pacific excluding China
131.5
11.6
143.1
125.3
9.8
135.1
Net sales
$
802.5
$
387.8
$
1,190.3
$
900.7
$
362.1
$
1,262.8
When reviewing revenue by sales channel, the Company separates net sales to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") from sales to distributors and end users. The following table presents the approximate percent of revenue by sales channel for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
Revenue by sales channel
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2023
Original equipment manufacturers
60%
60%
Distribution/end users
40%
40%
In addition to disaggregating revenue by segment, geography and by sales channel as shown above, the Company believes information about the timing of transfer of goods or services, type of customer and distinguishing service revenue from product sales is also relevant. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, approximately 7% and 8%, respectively of total net sales were recognized on an over-time basis because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer, with the remainder recognized as of a point in time. Approximately 5% and 4% of total net sales represented service revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Finally, business with the United States ("U.S.") government or its contractors represented approximately 6% and 5% of total net sales during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively.
Remaining Performance Obligations:
Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of orders meeting the definition of a contract for which work has not been performed and excludes unexercised contract options. Performance obligations having a duration of more than one year are concentrated in contracts for certain products and services provided to the U.S. government or its contractors. The aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for such contracts with a duration of more than one year was approximately $153.0 million at March 31, 2024.
The following table contains a rollforward of unbilled receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2023:
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Beginning balance, January 1
$
144.5
$
103.9
Additional unbilled revenue recognized
78.7
424.1
Less: amounts billed to customers
(88.4)
(383.5)
Ending balance
$
134.8
$
144.5
There were no impairment losses recorded on unbilled receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
Deferred Revenue:
The following table contains a rollforward of deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2023:
The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying the estimated annual effective tax rates to income or loss before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded during the period(s) in which they occur.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2023
Provision for income taxes
$
42.7
$
42.5
Effective tax rate
27.9
%
25.3
%
Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was calculated using forecasted multi-jurisdictional annual effective tax rates to determine a blended annual effective tax rate. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the actual and projected mix of earnings in non-U.S. jurisdictions with relatively higher tax rates.
The effective tax rate of 27.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was higher than the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to an increase in the mix of earnings in non-U.S. jurisdictions with relatively higher tax rates and the net favorable impact of discrete items in the year ago period.
On December 20, 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) released Pillar Two model rules defining the global minimum tax, which calls for the taxation of large corporations at a minimum rate of 15%. Certain jurisdictions, in which the Company operates, enacted, or announced their intention to enact, legislation consistent with one or more OECD Pillar Two model rules. The model rules include minimum domestic top-up taxes, income inclusion rules, and undertaxed profit rules all aimed to ensure that multinational companies pay a minimum effective corporate tax rate of 15% in each jurisdiction in which they operate, with some rules effective in 2024. Management does not expect Pillar Two legislation to materially impact the Company's annual effective tax rate in 2024.
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerator and the denominator of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2023
Numerator:
Net income attributable to The Timken Company
$
103.5
$
122.3
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic
70,266,660
72,499,928
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and awards - based on the treasury stock method
613,355
860,926
Weighted average number of shares outstanding assuming dilution of stock options and awards
70,880,015
73,360,854
Basic earnings per share
$
1.47
$
1.69
Diluted earnings per share
$
1.46
$
1.67
The dilutive effect of performance-based restricted stock units is taken into account once they have met minimum performance thresholds. The dilutive effect of stock options includes all outstanding stock options except stock options that are considered antidilutive. Stock options are antidilutive when the exercise price exceeds the average market price of the Company’s common shares during the periods presented. There were no antidilutive stock options outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Note 8 - Inventories
The components of inventories at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Manufacturing supplies
$
42.3
$
41.9
Raw materials
148.8
145.6
Work in process
502.4
496.1
Finished products
618.4
619.2
Subtotal
1,311.9
1,302.8
Allowance for obsolete and surplus inventory
(80.7)
(73.7)
Total inventories, net
$
1,231.2
$
1,229.1
Inventories are valued at net realizable value, with approximately 61% valued on the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method and the remaining 39% valued on the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method. The majority of the Company's U.S. inventories are valued on the LIFO method. The Company's non-U.S. inventories are valued on the FIFO method.
The LIFO reserve at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $234.7 million and $232.1 million, respectively. An actual valuation of the inventory under the LIFO method can be made only at the end of each year based on the inventory levels and costs at that time. Accordingly, interim LIFO calculations are based on management’s estimates of expected year-end inventory levels and costs. Because these calculations are subject to many factors beyond management’s control, annual results may differ from interim results as they are subject to the final year-end LIFO inventory valuation.
The Company tests goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually, performing its annual impairment test as of October 1st. Furthermore, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
The Company reviews goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. The Engineered Bearings segment has one reporting unit and the Industrial Motion segment has six reporting units.
During the first three months of 2023, the Company reviewed goodwill for impairment for its reporting units due to the change in reporting segments that went into effect January 1, 2023. The Company utilized both an income approach and a market approach in testing goodwill for impairment. The Company utilized updated forecasts for the income approach as part of the goodwill impairment review. Based on the earnings and cash flow forecasts for the Belts & Chain reporting unit within the Industrial Motion segment, the Company determined that the reporting unit could not support the carrying value of its goodwill. As a result, the Company recorded a pretax impairment loss of $28.3 million during the first three months of 2023, which was reported in impairment and restructuring charges on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were as follows:
Engineered Bearings
Industrial Motion
Total
Beginning balance
$
692.3
$
677.3
$
1,369.6
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other changes
3.5
(20.2)
(16.7)
Ending balance
$
695.8
$
657.1
$
1,352.9
The following table displays intangible assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
Balance at March 31, 2024
Balance at December 31, 2023
Gross Carrying Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Net Carrying Amount
Gross Carrying Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer relationships
$
768.1
$
(232.7)
$
535.4
$
776.5
$
(222.8)
$
553.7
Technology and know-how
342.0
(105.1)
236.9
343.3
(100.9)
242.4
Trade names
104.3
(13.1)
91.2
71.3
(11.2)
60.1
Capitalized software
298.9
(272.1)
26.8
299.5
(272.8)
26.7
Other
11.3
(8.9)
2.4
10.8
(8.7)
2.1
$
1,524.6
$
(631.9)
$
892.7
$
1,501.4
$
(616.4)
$
885.0
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
Trade names
$
88.7
$
88.7
$
137.7
$
137.7
FAA air agency certificates
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.7
$
97.4
$
97.4
$
146.4
$
146.4
Total intangible assets
$
1,622.0
$
(631.9)
$
990.1
$
1,647.8
$
(616.4)
$
1,031.4
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $21.6 million and $15.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets is projected to be approximately $80 million in 2024; $76 million in 2025; $74 million in 2026; $72 million in 2027; and $69 million in 2028.
Short-term debt at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Variable-rate Term Loan(1), maturing on August 16, 2024, with an interest rate of 5.10% at March 31, 2024 and 5.11% at December 31, 2023
$
215.8
$
220.8
Borrowings under lines of credit for certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries with various banks with interest rates ranging from 4.51% to 5.51% at March 31, 2024 and 4.35% to 7.33% at December 31, 2023
26.8
25.4
Short-term debt
$
242.6
$
246.2
On August 16, 2023, the Company entered into a €200 million variable-rate term loan ("2024 Term Loan"), maturing on August 16, 2024. The Company currently intends to refinance the 2024 Term Loan prior to its maturity.
Lines of credit for certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries provide for short-term borrowings. Most of these lines of credit are uncommitted. At March 31, 2024, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries had borrowings outstanding of $26.8 million and bank guarantees of $1.7 million.
Long-term debt at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Variable-rate Senior Credit Facility with an average interest rate on U.S. Dollar of 6.43% and Euro of 4.86% at March 31, 2024 and U.S. Dollar of 6.48% and Euro of 4.85% at December 31, 2023
$
251.1
$
247.4
Variable-rate Accounts Receivable Facility with an interest rate of 6.30% at March 31, 2024 and 6.42% at December 31, 2023
75.0
67.0
Variable-rate Term Loan(1), maturing on December 5, 2027, with an interest rate of 6.56% at March 31, 2024 and 6.58% at December 31, 2023
399.4
399.3
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on September 1, 2024, with an interest rate of 3.875%
350.0
350.0
Fixed-rate Euro Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on September 7, 2027, with an interest rate of 2.02%
161.8
165.5
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on December 15, 2028, with an interest rate of 4.50%
397.8
397.7
Fixed-rate Medium-Term Notes, Series A(1), maturing at various dates through May 2028, with interest rates ranging from 6.74% to 7.76%
154.8
154.8
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes(1), maturing on April 1, 2032, with an interest rate of 4.125%
344.1
343.7
Fixed-rate Euro Bank Loan, maturing on June 30, 2033, with an interest rate of 2.15%
The Company has a $100 million Amended and Restated Asset Securitization Agreement (the "Accounts Receivable Facility"), which matures on November 30, 2026. Under the terms of the Accounts Receivable Facility, the Company sells, on an ongoing basis, certain domestic trade receivables to Timken Receivables Corporation, a wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary that, in turn, uses the trade receivables to secure borrowings that are funded through a vehicle that issues commercial paper in the short-term market. Borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Facility may be limited to certain borrowing base limitations; however, availability under the Accounts Receivable Facility was not reduced by any such borrowing base limitations at March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, there were $75.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Facility, which reduced the availability under this facility to $25.0 million. The cost of this facility, which is the prevailing commercial paper rate plus facility fees, is considered a financing cost and is included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
On December 5, 2022, the Company entered into the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Credit Agreement"), which is comprised of a $750 million unsecured revolving credit facility ("Senior Credit Facility") and a $400 million unsecured term loan facility ("2027 Term Loan") that each mature on December 5, 2027. The interest rates under the Credit Agreement are based on Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). At March 31, 2024, the Company had $251.1 million of outstanding borrowings and $0.1 million of letters of credit under the Senior Credit Facility, which reduced the availability under this facility to $498.8 million. The Credit Agreement has two financial covenants: a consolidated leverage ratio and a consolidated interest coverage ratio.
The Company has outstanding fixed-rate unsecured notes ("2024 Notes") in the aggregate principal amount of $350 million with an interest rate of 3.875%, maturing on September 1, 2024. The Company currently intends to refinance the 2024 Notes prior to their maturity.
At March 31, 2024, the Company was in full compliance with all applicable covenants on its outstanding debt.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company utilizes standby letters of credit issued by financial institutions to guarantee certain obligations, most of which relate to insurance contracts and certain indirect taxes. At March 31, 2024, outstanding letters of credit totaled $59.5 million, most with expiration dates within 12 months.
The maturities of long-term debt (including $6.0 million of finance leases) subsequent to March 31, 2024 are as follows:
Year
2024
$
359.0
2025
29.4
2026
128.6
2027
770.4
2028
522.0
2029
1.7
Thereafter
355.1
The table above excludes $8.9 million of unamortized premiums and fees that are netted against long-term debt at March 31, 2024.
The Company offers a supplier finance program with two different financial institutions where suppliers may receive early payment from the financial institutions on invoices issued to the Company. The Company and each financial institution entered into arrangements whereby the Company pays the financial institution per the terms of any supplier invoice paid early under the program and pays an annual fee for the supplier finance platform subscription and related support. The Company or the financial institutions may terminate participation in the program with 90 days’ written notice. The supplier finance programs are unsecured and are not guaranteed by the Company. The financial institutions enter into separate arrangements with suppliers directly to participate in the program. The Company does not determine the terms or conditions of such arrangements or participate in the transactions between the suppliers and the financial institutions. The supplier invoice terms under the program typically require payment in full within 90 days of the invoice date.
The following table is a rollforward of the outstanding obligations for the Company’s supplier finance program for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and twelve months ended December 31, 2023:
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Confirmed obligations outstanding, January 1
$
21.3
$
14.4
Invoices confirmed
33.4
97.1
Confirmed invoices paid
(28.9)
(90.2)
Confirmed obligations outstanding, ending balance
$
25.8
$
21.3
The obligations outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were included in accounts payable, trade on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company is responsible for environmental remediation at various manufacturing facilities presently or formerly operated by the Company. Governmental authorities in the United States and the European Union are increasingly focused on regulating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (“PFAS”). PFAS regulations are applicable to portions of the Company's products, and future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create environmental compliance or remediation liabilities at certain of its facilities. In addition, the Company, through one of its subsidiaries, has currently been identified as a potentially responsible party for investigation and remediation under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, known as the Superfund, or similar state laws with respect to one site. Claims for investigation and remediation have been asserted against numerous other unrelated entities, which are believed to be financially solvent and are expected to fulfill their proportionate share of the obligation.
On December 28, 2004, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“USEPA”) sent Lovejoy, LLC. ("Lovejoy") a Special Notice Letter that identified Lovejoy as a potentially responsible party, together with at least 14 unrelated parties, at the Ellsworth Industrial Park Site, Downers Grove, DuPage County, Illinois (the “Site”). The Company acquired Lovejoy in 2016. Lovejoy’s Downers Grove property is situated within the Ellsworth Industrial Complex. The USEPA and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (“IEPA”) allege there have been one or more releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances, including, but not limited to, a release or threatened release on or from Lovejoy's property at the Site. The relief sought by the USEPA and IEPA includes further investigation and potential remediation of the Site and reimbursement of response costs. Lovejoy’s allocated share of past and future costs related to the Site, including for investigation and/or remediation, could be significant. All previously pending property damage and personal injury lawsuits against Lovejoy related to the Site were settled or dismissed prior to our acquisition of Lovejoy.
The Company had total environmental accruals of $4.6 million and $4.7 million for various known environmental matters that are probable and reasonably estimable at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which includes the Lovejoy matter described above. These accruals were recorded based upon the best estimate of costs to be incurred considering the progress made in determining the magnitude of remediation costs, the timing and extent of remedial actions required by governmental authorities and the amount of the Company’s liability in proportion to other responsible parties. The ultimate resolution of these matters could result in actual costs that exceed amounts accrued.
Product Warranties:
In addition to the contingencies above, the Company provides limited warranties on certain of its products. The product warranty liability included in "Other current liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $16.3 million and $15.2 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The balances at the end of each respective period represent the best estimates of costs for existing and future claims for products that are still under warranty. The liability primarily relates to accruals for products sold into the automotive and renewable energy sectors. Accrual estimates are based on actual claims and expected trends that continue to mature. The Company continues to evaluate claims raised by certain customers with respect to the performance of bearings sold into the automotive and wind energy sectors. Management believes that the outcome of these claims will not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position; however, the effect of any such change may be material to the results of operations of any particular period in which such change occurs.
The following is a rollforward of the consolidated product warranty accrual for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and twelve months ended December 31, 2023:
Impairment and restructuring charges by segment are comprised of the following:
For the three months ended March 31, 2024:
Engineered Bearings
Industrial Motion
Total
Severance and related benefit costs
$
0.7
$
1.3
$
2.0
Exit costs
0.3
—
0.3
Total
$
1.0
$
1.3
$
2.3
For the three months ended March 31, 2023:
Engineered Bearings
Industrial Motion
Total
Impairment charges
$
—
$
28.3
$
28.3
Severance and related benefit costs
0.7
(0.1)
0.6
Total
$
0.7
$
28.2
$
28.9
The following discussion explains the impairment and restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented; however, it is not intended to reflect a comprehensive discussion of all amounts in the tables above.
Engineered Bearings:
On January 16, 2023, the Company announced the closure of its bearing plant in Gaffney, South Carolina. The Company has transferred its remaining operations to other bearing manufacturing facilities. The facility ceased operations at the end of the fourth quarter of 2023, which affected approximately 225 employees. The Company expects to incur approximately $12 million to $14 million of pretax costs in total related to this closure. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded exit costs of $0.3 million, related to this closure. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded severance and related benefits of $0.8 million related to this closure. The Company has incurred cumulative pretax costs related to this closure of $12.7 million as of March 31, 2024, including rationalization costs recorded in cost of products sold.
In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded severance and related benefits of $0.6 million related to one of its bearing facilities in Europe.
Industrial Motion:
On November 30, 2023, the Company announced the closure of its belts manufacturing facility in Fort Scott, Kansas. The Company expects to transfer its operations to other belts manufacturing facilities. The closure of this facility is expected to occur by the end of the fourth quarter of 2024 and is expected to affect approximately 155 employees. The Company expects to incur approximately $10 million to $12 million of pretax costs in total related to this closure. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded severance and related benefits of $0.8 million, related to this closure. The Company has incurred cumulative pretax costs related to this closure of $2.5 million as of March 31, 2024, including rationalization costs recorded in cost of products sold.
Effective January 1, 2023, the Company began operating under two new reportable segments, Engineered Bearings and Industrial Motion. In conjunction with this change in segmented results, the Company reallocated its goodwill to new reporting units under these two segments. In addition, the Company was required to review goodwill for impairment under these new reporting units. As a result of this goodwill impairment review, the Company recognized a pretax goodwill impairment loss of $28.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Note 15 - Impairment and Restructuring Charges (continued)
Consolidated Restructuring Accrual:
The following is a rollforward of the consolidated restructuring accrual for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and twelve months ended December 31, 2023:
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Beginning balance, January 1
$
5.8
$
3.1
Expense
2.3
12.3
Payments
(4.6)
(9.6)
Ending balance
$
3.5
$
5.8
The restructuring accrual at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was included in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table sets forth the net periodic benefit cost for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans. The amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are based on calculations prepared by the Company's actuaries and represent the Company’s best estimate of that period’s proportionate share of the amounts to be recorded for the year ending December 31, 2024.
U.S. Plans
International Plans
Total
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit):
Service cost
$
0.1
$
0.2
$
0.5
$
0.3
$
0.6
$
0.5
Interest cost
4.3
4.5
2.5
2.4
6.8
6.9
Expected return on plan assets
(1.9)
(2.1)
(2.4)
(2.5)
(4.3)
(4.6)
Amortization of prior service cost
—
—
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Recognition of net actuarial gains
—
(0.9)
—
—
—
(0.9)
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)
$
2.5
$
1.7
$
0.7
$
0.3
$
3.2
$
2.0
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, lump sum payments related to new retirees exceeded annual service and interest costs for one of the Company's U.S. defined pension plans, triggering a remeasurement of assets and obligations for this plan. As a result of this remeasurement, the Company recognized a net actuarial gain ("mark-to-market charges") of $0.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Note 17 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
The following table sets forth the net periodic benefit cost for the Company’s other postretirement benefit plans. The amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are based on calculations prepared by the Company's actuaries and represent the Company’s best estimate of that period’s proportionate share of the amounts to be recorded for the year ending December 31, 2024.
Note 18 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables present details about components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively:
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments
Total
Balance at December 31, 2023
$
(193.8)
$
44.7
$
2.2
$
(146.9)
Other comprehensive loss (income) before reclassifications and income taxes
(50.7)
—
1.7
(49.0)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss before income taxes
—
(2.0)
(0.2)
(2.2)
Income tax benefit (expense)
—
0.5
(0.4)
0.1
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes
(50.7)
(1.5)
1.1
(51.1)
Noncontrolling interest
0.4
—
—
0.4
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes and noncontrolling interest
(50.3)
(1.5)
1.1
(50.7)
Balance at March 31, 2024
$
(244.1)
$
43.2
$
3.3
$
(197.6)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments
Total
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
(235.7)
$
50.8
$
3.0
$
(181.9)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications and income taxes
27.7
—
(0.8)
26.9
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss before income taxes
—
(2.0)
(0.3)
(2.3)
Income tax benefit
—
0.5
0.3
0.8
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
27.7
(1.5)
(0.8)
25.4
Noncontrolling interest
(0.3)
—
—
(0.3)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes and noncontrolling interest
27.4
(1.5)
(0.8)
25.1
Balance at March 31, 2023
$
(208.3)
$
49.3
$
2.2
$
(156.8)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications and income taxes includes the effect of foreign currency.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be expected to be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The FASB provides accounting rules that classify the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:
Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for those financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
March 31, 2024
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
398.0
$
395.7
$
2.3
$
—
Cash and cash equivalents measured at net asset value
23.9
Restricted cash
0.4
0.4
—
—
Short-term investments
11.4
—
11.4
—
Foreign currency forward contracts
0.7
—
0.7
—
Total assets
$
434.4
$
396.1
$
14.4
$
—
Liabilities:
Foreign currency forward contracts
$
10.2
$
—
$
10.2
$
—
Total liabilities
$
10.2
$
—
$
10.2
$
—
December 31, 2023
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
384.4
$
381.0
$
3.4
$
—
Cash and cash equivalents measured at net asset value
34.5
Restricted cash
0.4
0.4
—
—
Short-term investments
31.6
—
31.6
—
Interest rate swap contracts
—
—
0
—
Foreign currency forward contracts
3.3
—
3.3
—
Total assets
$
454.2
$
381.4
$
38.3
$
—
Liabilities:
Foreign currency forward contracts
$
11.4
$
—
$
11.4
$
—
Total liabilities
$
11.4
$
—
$
11.4
$
—
Cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased and are valued at redemption value. Short-term investments are investments with maturities between 91 days and one year, and generally are valued at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. A portion of the cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments are valued based on net asset value. The Company uses publicly available market interest rates to measure the fair value of its interest rate swap contracts. The Company uses publicly available foreign currency forward and spot rates to measure the fair value of its foreign currency forward contracts.
In addition, the Company remeasures certain assets at fair value, using Level 3 inputs, as a result of the occurrence of triggering events such as purchase accounting for acquisitions or goodwill impairment.
No other material assets were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Financial Instruments:
The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable, short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and short-term borrowings are a reasonable estimate of their fair value. Due to the nature of fair value calculations for variable-rate debt, the carrying value of the Company's long-term variable-rate debt is a reasonable estimate of its fair value. The fair value of the Company’s long-term fixed-rate debt, based on Level 2 inputs (quoted market prices), was $1,386.5 million and $1,387.7 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The carrying value of this debt was $1,420.4 million and $1,424.3 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The difference between fair value and carrying value primarily reflects the net impact of changes in prevailing interest rates and credit spreads since the fixed-rate debt was issued.
The Company does not believe it has significant concentrations of risk associated with the counterparties to its financial instruments.
Note 20 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk. Forward contracts on various foreign currencies are entered into in order to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with certain of the Company's commitments denominated in foreign currencies. From time to time, interest rate swaps are used to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed and floating-rate borrowings.
The Company designates certain foreign currency forward contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted revenues and certain interest rate hedges as cash flow hedges of fixed-rate borrowings.
On September 15, 2020, the Company designated €54.5 million of its €150.0 million fixed-rate senior unsecured notes, maturing on September 7, 2027 (the "2027 Notes"), as a hedge against its net investment in one of its European subsidiaries. The objective of the hedge transaction is to protect the net investment in the foreign operations against changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Euro. The net impact for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was a gain of $1.4 million to accumulated comprehensive (loss) income with a corresponding offset to other income (expense), which partially offsets the impact of the foreign currency adjustment on the 2027 Notes.
The Company does not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $579.4 million and $591.8 million, respectively, of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at notional value. Refer to Note 19 - Fair Value for the fair value disclosure of derivative financial instruments.
Cash Flow Hedging Strategy:
For certain derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.
To protect against a reduction in the value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from export sales, the Company has instituted a foreign currency cash flow hedging program. The Company hedges portions of its forecasted cash flows denominated in certain foreign currencies with forward contracts. When the dollar strengthens significantly against these foreign currencies, the decline in the present value of future foreign currency revenue is offset by gains in the fair value of the forward contracts designated as hedges. Conversely, when the dollar weakens, the increase in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is offset by losses in the fair value of the forward contracts. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $69.7 million and $73.8 million, respectively, of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at notional value that were classified as cash flow hedges.
The maximum length of time over which the Company hedges its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecast transactions is generally eighteen months or less.
Note 20 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (continued)
Purpose for Derivative Instruments not designated as Hedging Instruments:
For derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments, the instruments are typically forward contracts. In general, the practice is to reduce volatility by selectively hedging transaction exposures including intercompany loans, accounts payable and accounts receivable. Intercompany loans between entities with different functional currencies typically are hedged with a forward contract at the inception of the loan with a maturity date corresponding to the maturity of the loan. The revaluation of these contracts, as well as the revaluation of the underlying balance sheet items, is recorded directly to the income statement so the adjustment generally offsets the revaluation of the underlying balance sheet items to protect cash payments and reduce income statement volatility.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $509.7 million and $518.0 million, respectively, of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at notional value that were not designated as hedging instruments. The following table presents the impact of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and the related location within the Consolidated Statements of Income:
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income
Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
OVERVIEW
Introduction:
The Timken Company designs and manufactures a growing portfolio of engineered bearings and industrial motion products, and related services. With more than a century of knowledge and innovation, the Company continuously improves the reliability and efficiency of global machinery and equipment to move the world forward. The Company’s growing product and services portfolio features many strong industrial brands, such as Timken®, GGB®, Philadelphia Gear®, Cone Drive®, Rollon®, Nadella®, Diamond®, Drives®, Groeneveld®, BEKA®, Des-Case®, Lovejoy® and Lagersmit®. Timken employs more than 19,000 people globally in 45 countries. The Company operates under two reportable segments: (1) Engineered Bearings and (2) Industrial Motion. The following further describes these business segments:
•Timken’s Engineered Bearings segment features a broad range of product designs serving original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and end-users worldwide. Timken is a leading authority on tapered roller bearings and leverages its position by applying engineering know-how and technology across its entire bearing portfolio, which includes tapered, spherical and cylindrical roller bearings; plain bearings, metal-polymer bearings and rod end bearings; thrust and specialty ball bearings; and housed or mounted bearings. The Engineered Bearings portfolio features the Timken®, GGB® and Fafnir® brands and serves customers across global industries, including wind energy, agriculture, construction, food and beverage, metals and mining, automotive and truck, aerospace, rail and more.
•Timken’s Industrial Motion segment includes a diverse and growing portfolio of engineered products, including industrial drives, automatic lubrication systems, linear motion products and systems, chains, belts, couplings, filtration systems and industrial clutches and brakes that keep systems running efficiently. Industrial Motion also includes industrial drivetrain services, which return equipment to like-new condition. The Industrial Motion portfolio features many strong brands, including Philadelphia Gear®, Cone Drive®, Spinea®, Rollon®, Nadella®, Groeneveld®, BEKA®, Des-Case®, Diamond®, Drives®, Timken® Belts, Lovejoy®, PT Tech® and Lagersmit®. Industrial Motion products are used across a broad range of industries, including solar energy, automation, construction, agriculture and turf, passenger rail, marine, aerospace, packaging and logistics, medical and more.
Timken creates value by understanding customer needs and applying its know-how to serve a broad range of customers in attractive markets and industries across the globe. The Company’s business strengths include its product technology, end-market diversity, geographic reach and aftermarket mix. Timken collaborates with OEMs to improve equipment efficiency with its engineered products and captures subsequent equipment replacement cycles by selling largely through independent channels in the aftermarket. Timken focuses its international efforts and footprint in regions of the world where strong macroeconomic factors such as urbanization, infrastructure development and sustainability create demand for its products and services.
The Company's strategy has three primary elements:
Profitable Growth. The Company intends to expand into new and existing markets by leveraging its collective knowledge of materials science, friction management and power transmission to create value for Timken customers. Using a highly collaborative technical selling approach, the Company places particular emphasis on creating unique solutions for challenging and/or demanding applications. The Company intends to grow in attractive market sectors around the world, emphasizing those spaces that are highly fragmented, demand high service and value the reliability and efficiency offered by Timken products. The Company also targets applications that offer significant aftermarket demand, thereby providing product and services revenue throughout the equipment’s lifetime.
Operational Excellence. Timken operates with a relentless drive for exceptional results and a passion for superior execution. The Company embraces a continuous improvement culture that is charged with increasing efficiency, lowering costs, eliminating waste, encouraging organizational agility and building greater brand equity to fuel growth. This requires the Company’s ongoing commitment to attract, retain and develop the best talent across the world.
Capital Deployment to Drive Shareholder Value. The Company is focused on providing the highest returns for shareholders through its capital allocation framework, which includes: (1) investing in the core business through capital expenditures, research and development and initiatives to drive profitable organic growth; (2) pursuing strategic acquisitions to broaden its portfolio and capabilities across diverse markets, with a focus on engineered bearings, adjacent industrial motion products and related services; (3) returning capital to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases; and (4) maintaining a strong balance sheet and sufficient liquidity to run the business. As part of this framework, the Company may also restructure, reposition or divest underperforming product lines or assets.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
7.1
3.4
3.7
NM
Net income attributable to The Timken Company
$
103.5
$
122.3
$
(18.8)
(15.4)
%
Diluted earnings per share
$
1.46
$
1.67
$
(0.21)
(12.6)
%
Average number of shares – diluted
70,880,015
73,360,854
—
(3.4)
%
The decrease in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023 was driven by lower organic sales (lower volume offset by favorable pricing) and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes, partially offset by the benefit of acquisitions (net of divestitures). The decrease in net income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to the impact of lower volume, higher interest expense and higher intangible amortization expense, partially offset by lower impairment charges, favorable price/mix, lower operating costs, favorable material costs, and the benefit of acquisitions (net of divestitures).
Outlook:
The Company expects 2024 full-year revenue to be down 2% to 4% compared to 2023, driven by lower demand, partially offset by the favorable impact from acquisitions (net of divestitures) and slightly higher pricing. The Company's net earnings are expected to be down in 2024 compared with 2023, primarily due to the impact of lower sales volume and higher income tax rate, partially offset by lower impairment charges, favorable price/mix, lower operating costs and the benefit of acquisitions (net of divestitures), including reduced acquisition related charges.
The Company expects to generate a higher amount of cash from operating activities in 2024 compared to 2023, driven mainly by improved working capital performance and lower cash taxes. The Company expects capital expenditures to remain flat in 2024 compared to 2023, and relatively in line with 2023 spending as a percentage of sales (4.0%).
Net sales decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was driven by lower organic sales of $115 million (lower volume partially offset by favorable pricing), including a significant decline in renewable energy market sector, and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes of $7 million, partially offset by the favorable impact of acquisitions (net of divestitures) of $50 million.
Operating income decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to the unfavorable impact of lower sales net of cost of products sold, increased amortization expense, and higher selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses, partially offset by lower impairment and restructuring charges.
•Cost of products sold decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to the impact of lower volume of $70 million, favorable material and logistics costs of $6 million and the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes of $5 million, partially offset by the incremental cost of goods sold from acquisitions (net of divestitures) of $26 million.
•SG&A expenses increased for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to the impact of acquisitions, partially offset by lower compensation expense and reduced discretionary spending to align with the lower demand levels.
•Amortization of intangible assets increased for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to the addition of intangible assets from the six acquisitions that were completed during 2023. Refer to Note 3 - Acquisitions and Divestitures in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
•Impairment and restructuring charges were lower for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to the impairment charges of $28.3 million related to the goodwill impairment recorded in the Industrial Motion segment during the first three months of 2023.
The increase in net interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023 was due to increased debt levels and higher average interest rates.
Other Income (Expense):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2023
$ Change
% Change
Non-service pension and other postretirement (expense) income
$
(1.0)
$
0.1
$
(1.1)
NM
Other (expense) income
(0.9)
3.1
(4.0)
(129.0)
%
Total other (expense) income
$
(1.9)
$
3.2
$
(5.1)
(159.4)
%
The change in non-service pension and other postretirement expense (income) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023 was due to a pension remeasurement gain of $0.9 million recognized during the first three months of 2023. Refer to Note 16 - Retirement Benefit Plans and Note 17 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The change in other (expense) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023 was due to a gain of $4.8 million on the divestiture of SE Setco, a 50% owned joint venture, during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Income Tax Expense:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2023
$ Change
Change
Provision for income taxes
$
42.7
$
42.5
$
0.2
0.5
%
Effective tax rate
27.9
%
25.3
%
260
bps
Income tax expense increased $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023. The slight increase in expense reflects an increase in the mix of earnings in non-U.S. jurisdictions with relatively higher tax rates and the net favorable impact of discrete items in the year ago period, which were mostly offset by lower pre-tax earnings.
Refer to Note 6 - Income Taxes in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the computation of the income tax expense in interim periods.
The Company's reportable segments are product-based business groups that serve customers in diverse industrial markets. The primary measurement used by management to measure the financial performance of each segment is EBITDA. Refer to Note 4 - Segment Information in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the reconciliation of EBITDA by segment to consolidated income before income taxes.
The presentation of segment results below includes a reconciliation of the changes in net sales for each segment reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP to net sales adjusted to remove the effects of acquisitions and divestitures completed in 2024 and 2023 and foreign currency exchange rate changes. The effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange rate changes on net sales are removed to allow investors and the Company to meaningfully evaluate the percentage change in net sales on a comparable basis from period to period.
The following item represents the Company's acquisitions and divestitures completed in 2023:
•The Company acquired Lagersmit during the fourth quarter of 2023. Results for Lagersmit are reported in the Industrial Motion segment.
•The Company acquired iMECH during the fourth quarter of 2023. Results for iMECH are reported in the Engineered Bearings segment.
•The Company completed the sale of Jiangsu TWB Bearings Co., Ltd. ("TWB") during the fourth quarter of 2023. Results for TWB were reported in the Engineered Bearings segment.
•The Company acquired Rosa and Des-Case during the third quarter of 2023. Results for Rosa and Des-Case are reported in the Industrial Motion segment.
•The Company acquired Nadella during the second quarter of 2023. Results for Nadella are reported in the Industrial Motion segment.
•The Company acquired ARB during the first quarter of 2023. Results for ARB are reported in the Engineered Bearings segment.
Net sales, excluding the impact of acquisitions, divestitures and currency
$
808.2
$
900.7
$
(92.5)
(10.3
%)
The Engineered Bearings segment's net sales, excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange rate changes, decreased $92.5 million or 10.3% in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease reflects lower volume across most market sectors, driven primarily by a significant decline in the renewable energy sector and lower shipments in the off-highway sector, partially offset by higher pricing and higher sales volume in the rail sector. EBITDA decreased by $26.3 million or 12.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to the impact of lower volume and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes, partially offset by lower material costs, favorable price/mix, and the benefit of acquisitions (net of divestitures).
Net sales, excluding the impact of acquisitions and currency
$
338.6
$
362.1
$
(23.5)
(6.5)
%
The Industrial Motion segment's net sales, excluding the effects of acquisitions and foreign currency exchange rate changes, decreased $23.5 million or 6.5% in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease reflects lower volume across most platforms, with belts and chain experiencing the largest decline, partially offset by higher services revenue and higher pricing. EBITDA increased $29.1 million or 60.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to lower impairment charges, the benefit of acquisitions and favorable pricing, partially offset by the impact of lower volume. The lower impairment charges were primarily due to the impairment charges related to the impairment of goodwill recorded in the quarter ended March 31, 2023.
Unallocated Corporate
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2023
$ Change
Change
Unallocated corporate expense
$
(18.0)
$
(17.7)
$
(0.3)
1.7
%
Unallocated corporate expense % to net sales
(1.5)
%
(1.4)
%
(10)
bps
Unallocated corporate expense increased for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes.
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
3.0
$
(1.6)
$
4.6
Operating Activities:
The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities for the first three months of 2024 compared with the first three months of 2023 was primarily due to a decrease in net income of $15.1 million, lower non-cash impairment charges of $28.3 million, the unfavorable impact of working capital items of $8.7 million and higher pension and postretirement payments of $7.8 million, partially offset by the favorable impact of income taxes on cash of $32.7 million due to lower tax payments. Refer to the tables below for additional detail of the impact of each line item on net cash provided by operating activities.
The following table displays the impact of working capital items on cash during the three months of 2024 and 2023, respectively:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2023
$ Change
Cash (used in) provided by:
Accounts receivable
$
(106.1)
$
(50.3)
$
(55.8)
Unbilled receivables
9.5
(11.1)
20.6
Inventories
(11.1)
6.1
(17.2)
Trade accounts payable
20.7
(9.4)
30.1
Other accrued expenses
(31.2)
(44.8)
13.6
Cash used in working capital items
$
(118.2)
$
(109.5)
$
(8.7)
The following table displays the impact of income taxes on cash during the first three months of 2024 and 2023, respectively:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2023
$ Change
Accrued income tax expense
$
42.7
$
42.5
$
0.2
Income tax payments
(19.3)
(54.8)
35.5
Other items
(2.9)
0.1
(3.0)
Change in income taxes
$
20.5
$
(12.2)
$
32.7
Investing Activities:
The decrease in net cash used in investing activities for the first three months of 2024 compared with the first three months of 2023 was primarily due to a decrease in cash used for acquisitions of $29.0 million and an increase in cash from the net liquidation of short-term marketable securities of $18.9 million, partially offset by lower proceeds from divestitures of $5.7 million.
Financing Activities:
The decrease in net cash used in financing activities for the first three months of 2024 compared with the first three months of 2023 was primarily due to a decrease in net borrowings of $44.8 million and a decrease in proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $10.7 million, partially offset by a decrease in the purchase of treasury shares of $54.0 million.
Reconciliation of total debt to net debt and the ratio of net debt to capital:
Net Debt:
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt
$
601.9
$
605.6
Long-term debt
1,797.9
1,790.3
Total debt
$
2,399.8
$
2,395.9
Less: Cash and cash equivalents
421.9
418.9
Net debt
$
1,977.9
$
1,977.0
Ratio of Net Debt to Capital:
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Net debt
$
1,977.9
$
1,977.0
Total equity
2,735.0
2,702.4
Net debt plus total equity (capital)
$
4,712.9
$
4,679.4
Ratio of net debt to capital
42.0
%
42.2
%
The Company presents net debt because it believes net debt is more representative of the Company's financial position than total debt due to the amount of cash and cash equivalents held by the Company and the ability to utilize such cash and cash equivalents to reduce debt if needed.
At March 31, 2024, the Company had strong liquidity with $421.9 million of cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, as well as $523.8 million available under committed credit lines. Of the $421.9 million of cash and cash equivalents, $395.4 million resided in jurisdictions outside the United States. Repatriation of non-U.S. cash could be subject to taxes and some portion may be subject to governmental restrictions. Part of the Company's strategy is to grow in attractive market sectors, many of which are outside the United States. This strategy includes making investments in facilities, equipment and potential new acquisitions. The Company plans to fund these investments, as well as meet working capital requirements, with cash and cash equivalents and unused lines of credit within the geographic location of these investments where feasible.
On December 5, 2022, the Company entered into the Credit Agreement, which is comprised of the $750.0 million Senior Credit Facility and the $400.0 million 2027 Term Loan that each mature on December 5, 2027. The interest rates under Credit Agreement are based on SOFR. At March 31, 2024, the Company had $251.1 million of outstanding borrowings and $0.1 million of letters of credit under the Senior Credit Facility, which reduced the availability under this facility to $498.8 million. The Credit Agreement has two financial covenants: a consolidated leverage ratio and a consolidated interest coverage ratio. The maximum consolidated leverage ratio permitted under the Senior Credit Facility is 3.5 to 1.0. As of March 31, 2024, the Company's consolidated leverage ratio was 2.20 to 1.0. The minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio permitted under the Senior Credit Facility is 3.0 to 1.0. As of March 31, 2024, the Company's consolidated interest coverage ratio was 8.24 to 1.0.
The interest rate under the Senior Credit Facility is variable with a spread based on the Company's debt rating. The average rate on outstanding U.S. dollar borrowings was 6.43% and the average rate on outstanding Euro borrowings was 4.86% as of March 31, 2024. In addition, the Company pays a facility fee based on the applicable rate, which is variable with a spread based on the Company's debt rating, multiplied by the aggregate commitments of all of the lenders under the Senior Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2024, the Company carried investment-grade credit ratings with both Moody's (Baa2) and S&P Global (BBB-).
The Company has a $100 million Accounts Receivable Facility, which matures on November 30, 2026. The Accounts Receivable Facility is subject to certain borrowing base limitations and is secured by certain domestic trade accounts receivable of the Company. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $75 million of outstanding borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Facility and no borrowing base limitations. There was $25 million of availability under the Accounts Receivable Facility as of March 31, 2024.
Other sources of liquidity include uncommitted short-term lines of credit for certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries, which currently provide for borrowings of up to $227.4 million. At March 31, 2024, the Company had borrowings outstanding of $26.8 million and bank guarantees of $1.7 million, which reduced the aggregate availability under these facilities to $198.9 million.
On August 16, 2023, the Company entered into a €200 million 2024 Term Loan, maturing on August 16, 2024. Proceeds from the 2024 Term Loan were used to repay borrowings on the Senior Credit Facility and Accounts Receivable Facility, as well as for general corporate purposes. The Company also has 2024 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million with an interest rate of 3.875%, maturing on September 1, 2024. The Company currently intends to refinance the 2024 Term Loan and the 2024 Notes prior to their maturity.
At March 31, 2024, the Company was in full compliance with all applicable covenants on its outstanding debt.
The Company expects to generate a higher amount of cash from operating activities in 2024 compared to 2023, driven mainly by improved working capital performance and lower cash taxes. The Company expects higher capital expenditures in 2024 compared to 2023, but relatively in line with 2023 spending as a percentage of sales (4.0%).
Financing Obligations and Other Commitments:
During the first three months of 2024, the Company made cash contributions and payments of $11.9 million to its global defined benefit pension plans and $0.3 million to its other postretirement benefit plans. The Company expects to make contributions to its global defined benefit plans of approximately $25 million in 2024. The Company expects to make payments of approximately $4 million to its other postretirement benefit plans in 2024. Excluding mark-to-market charges, the Company expects higher pension and other postretirement benefits expense in 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to lower expected returns on pension plan assets and higher interest expense.
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated entities or other persons.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. The Company reviews its critical accounting policies throughout the year. The Company has concluded that there have been no significant changes to its critical accounting policies or estimates, as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries are translated at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date; income and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Related translation adjustments are reflected as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions, and the related hedging activity, are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded negative foreign currency translation adjustments of $50.3 million that decreased shareholders' equity, compared with positive foreign currency translation adjustments of $27.4 million that increased shareholders' equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The foreign currency translation adjustments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were negatively impacted by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies, including the Chinese Renminbi Yuan and Euro.
Foreign currency exchange gains and losses, net of hedging activity, resulting from transactions included in the Company's operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 totaled $3.2 million of net losses, compared with $3.0 million of net losses during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
In addition to results reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company provides information on non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures include adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margins, segment adjusted EBITDA and segment adjusted EBITDA margins, ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA (for the trailing 12 months), net debt, ratio of net debt to capital and free cash flow. This information is intended to supplement GAAP financial measures and is not intended to replace GAAP financial measures. Net debt and the ratio of net debt to capital is disclosed in the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA:
Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share represent net income attributable to The Timken Company and diluted earnings per share, respectively, adjusted for intangible amortization, impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges, acquisition costs, including transaction costs and the amortization of the inventory step-up, property losses and recoveries, actuarial gains and losses associated with the remeasurement of the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans, gains and losses on the sale of real estate, gains and losses on divestitures, the income tax impact of these adjustments, as well as other discrete income tax items, and other items from time to time that are not part of the Company's core operations. Management believes adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share are useful to investors as they are representative of the Company's core operations and are used in the management of the business.
Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, adjusted for items that are not part of the Company's core operations. These items include intangible amortization, impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges, acquisition costs, including transaction costs and the amortization of the inventory step-up, property losses and recoveries, actuarial gains and losses associated with the remeasurement of the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans, gains and losses on the sale of real estate, gains and losses on divestitures, and other items from time to time that are not part of the Company's core operations. Management believes adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors as it is representative of the Company's core operations and is used in the management of the business, including decisions concerning the allocation of resources and assessment of performance.
Reconciliation of net income attributable to The Timken Company to adjusted net income, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA Margin:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2023
Net Sales
$
1,190.3
$
1,262.8
Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company
103.5
122.3
Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company as a Percentage of Sales
8.7
%
9.7
%
Adjustments:
Acquisition intangible amortization
20.0
13.5
Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)
4.8
30.0
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related income (2)
—
(0.9)
Russia-related charges (3)
—
0.3
Acquisition-related charges (4)
4.7
4.7
Gain on divestitures and sale of certain assets (5)
(0.7)
(4.8)
Noncontrolling interest of above adjustments
(0.1)
(0.2)
Provision for income taxes (6)
(6.5)
(11.4)
Adjusted Net Income
$
125.7
$
153.5
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
7.1
3.4
Provision for income taxes (as reported)
42.7
42.5
Interest expense
32.2
24.1
Interest income
(2.8)
(1.5)
Depreciation and amortization expense (7)
54.9
45.4
Less: Acquisition intangible amortization
20.0
13.5
Less: Noncontrolling interest
(0.1)
(0.2)
Less: Provision for income taxes (6)
(6.5)
(11.4)
Adjusted EBITDA
$
246.4
$
265.5
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales)
20.7
%
21.0
%
Diluted earnings and adjusted earnings per share in the table below are based on net income attributable to The Timken Company and adjusted net income, respectively, in the table above.
Reconciliation of segment EBITDA to segment adjusted EBITDA and segment adjusted EBITDA margin:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Engineered Bearings
Industrial Motion
Unallocated Corporate
Total
Net Sales
$
802.5
$
387.8
$
—
$
1,190.3
EBITDA
178.7
77.3
(18.0)
238.0
Impairment, restructuring and reorganization
charges (1)
2.5
1.8
0.1
4.4
Acquisition-related charges (4)
0.9
3.0
0.8
4.7
(Gain) loss on divestitures and sale of certain assets (5)
(0.7)
—
—
(0.7)
Adjusted EBITDA
$
181.4
$
82.1
$
(17.1)
$
246.4
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales)
22.6
%
21.2
%
NM
20.7
%
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Engineered Bearings
Industrial Motion
Unallocated Corporate
Total
Net Sales
$
900.7
$
362.1
$
—
$
1,262.8
EBITDA
205.0
48.2
(16.8)
236.4
Impairment, restructuring and reorganization
charges (1)
1.1
28.7
—
29.8
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related income (2)
—
—
(0.9)
(0.9)
Russia-related charges (3)
0.3
—
—
0.3
Acquisition-related charges (4)
2.2
—
2.5
4.7
(Gain) loss divestitures and sale of certain assets (5)
(4.8)
—
—
(4.8)
Adjusted EBITDA
$
203.8
$
76.9
$
(15.2)
$
265.5
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (% of net sales)
22.6
%
21.2
%
NM
21.0
%
(1) Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (including items recorded in cost of products sold) relate to: (i) plant closures; (ii) the rationalization of certain plants; (iii) severance related to cost reduction initiatives; and (iv) impairment of assets. Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges for 2023 included $28.3 million related to the impairment of goodwill. The Company re-assesses its operating footprint and cost structure periodically, and makes adjustments as needed that result in restructuring charges. However, management believes these actions are not representative of the Company’s core operations.
(2) Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related income represents actuarial gains that resulted from the remeasurement of plan assets and obligations as a result of changes in assumptions or experience. The Company recognizes actuarial gains and losses in connection with the annual remeasurement in the fourth quarter, or if specific events trigger a remeasurement. Refer to Note 16 - Retirement Benefit Plans and Note 17 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans for additional discussion.
(3) Russia-related charges include impairments or allowances recorded against certain property, plant and equipment, inventory and trade receivables to reflect the current impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine (and associated sanctions) on the Company's operations. Refer to Russia Operations in Management Discussion and Analysis within the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for additional information.
(4) Acquisition-related charges represent deal-related expenses associated with completed transactions and any resulting inventory step-up impact.
(5) Represents the net gain resulting from divestitures and sale of certain assets.
(6) Provision for income taxes includes the net tax impact on pre-tax adjustments (listed above), the impact of discrete tax items recorded during the respective periods as well as other adjustments to reflect the use of one overall effective tax rate on adjusted pre-tax income in interim periods.
(7) Depreciation and amortization shown excludes depreciation recognized in reorganization charges, if any.
Free cash flow represents net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures. Management believes free cash flow is useful to investors because it is a meaningful indicator of cash generated from operating activities available for the execution of its business strategy.
Reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow:
The ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA for the trailing twelve months represents total debt less cash and cash equivalents divided by adjusted EBITDA for the trailing twelve months. The Company presents net debt to adjusted EBITDA because it believes it is more representative of the Company's financial position as it is reflective of the Company's ability to cover its net debt obligations with results from its core operations. Net income for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $392.9 million and $408.0 million, respectively. Net debt to adjusted EBITDA for the trailing twelve months was 2.1 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the trailing twelve months:
Twelve Months Ended
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Net income
$
392.9
$
408.0
Provision for income taxes
122.7
122.5
Interest expense
118.8
110.7
Interest income
(10.6)
(9.3)
Depreciation and amortization
211.0
201.3
Consolidated EBITDA
834.8
833.2
Adjustments:
Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (1)
$
25.4
$
50.8
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related expense (2)
21.5
20.6
Acquisition-related charges (3)
31.8
31.8
Gain on divestitures and sale of certain assets (4)
(1.1)
(5.2)
Russia-related charges (5)
8.2
8.5
Total adjustments
85.8
106.5
Adjusted EBITDA
920.6
939.7
Net Debt
1,977.9
1,977.0
Ratio of Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA
2.1
2.1
(1) Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges (including items recorded in cost of products sold) relate to: (i) plant closures; (ii) the rationalization of certain plants; (iii) severance related to cost reduction initiatives; and (iv) impairment of assets. Impairment, restructuring and reorganization charges for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 included $29.3 million related to the sale of ADS and $28.3 million related to the impairment of goodwill. The Company re-assesses its operating footprint and cost structure periodically, and makes adjustments as needed that result in restructuring charges. However, management believes these actions are not representative of the Company’s core operations.
(2) Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related expense represents actuarial losses that resulted from the remeasurement of plan assets and obligations as a result of changes in assumptions or experience. The Company recognizes actuarial losses in connection with the annual remeasurement in the fourth quarter, or if specific events trigger a remeasurement.
(3) Acquisition-related charges represent deal-related expenses associated with completed transactions and any resulting inventory step-up impact.
(4) Represents the net gain resulting from divestitures and sale of certain assets.
(5) Russia-related charges include impairments or allowances recorded against certain property, plant and equipment, inventory and trade receivables and write-down of a 51%-owned joint venture ("Russian JV") to reflect the current impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine (and associated sanctions) on the Company's operations. Refer to Russia Operations in Management Discussion and Analysis within the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Certain statements set forth in this Form 10-Q and in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 that are not historical in nature (including the Company's forecasts, beliefs and expectations) are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In particular, Management's Discussion and Analysis contains numerous forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally will be accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “intend,” “may,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q. The Company cautions readers that actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company due to a variety of factors, such as:
•deterioration in world economic conditions, or in economic conditions in any of the geographic regions in which the Company or its customers or suppliers conduct business, including adverse effects from a global economic slowdown or recession, pandemics, epidemics or other public health concerns, terrorism, or hostilities. This includes: political risks associated with the potential instability of governments and legal systems in countries in which the Company or its customers or suppliers conduct business, changes in currency valuations, strained geopolitical relations between countries in which we have significant operations, and recent world events that have increased the risks posed by international trade disputes, tariffs and sanctions;
•negative impacts to the Company's business, results of operations, financial position or liquidity, disruption to the Company's supply chains, negative impacts to customer demand or operations, availability and health of employees, and governmental restrictions on travel and manufacturing operations;
•the effects of fluctuations in customer demand on sales, product mix and prices in the industries in which the Company operates. This includes: the ability of the Company to respond to rapid changes in customer demand, disruptions to the Company's supply chain, logistical issues associated with port closures or congestion, delays or increased costs, the effects of customer or supplier bankruptcies or liquidations, the impact of changes in industrial business cycles, the ability of the Company to effectively adjust the prices for its products in response to changing dynamics, the effects of distributor inventory corrections reflecting de-stocking of the supply chain and whether conditions of fair trade continue in the Company's markets;
•competitive factors, including changes in market penetration, increasing price competition by existing or new foreign and domestic competitors, the introduction of new products or services by existing and new competitors, competition for skilled labor and new technology that may impact the way the Company’s products are produced, sold or distributed;
•changes in operating costs. This includes: the effect of changes in the Company’s manufacturing processes; changes in costs associated with varying levels of operations and manufacturing capacity; availability and cost of raw materials and energy; disruptions to the Company's supply chain and logistical issues associated with port closures or congestion, delays or increased costs; changes in the expected costs associated with product warranty claims especially in industry segments with potential high claim values; changes in the global regulatory landscape (including with respect to climate change or other environmental regulations); changes resulting from inventory management and cost reduction initiatives; the effects of unplanned plant shutdowns; the effects of government-imposed restrictions, commercial requirements and Company goals associated with climate change and emissions or other sustainability initiatives; and changes in the cost of labor and benefits;
•the impact of inflation on employee expenses, shipping costs, raw material costs, energy and fuel costs and other production costs;
•the success of the Company’s operating plans, announced programs, initiatives and capital investments; the ability to integrate acquired companies and to address material issues both identified and not uncovered during the Company's due diligence review; and the ability of acquired companies to achieve satisfactory operating results, including results being accretive to earnings, realization of synergies and expected cash flow generation;
•the Company’s ability to maintain appropriate relations with unions or works councils that represent Company employees in certain locations in order to avoid disruptions of business;
•the continued attraction, retention and development of management, other key employees, and other skilled personnel at all levels of the organization, the successful development and execution of succession plans and management of other human capital matters;
•unanticipated litigation, claims, investigations, remediation or assessments. This includes: claims, investigations or problems related to intellectual property, product liability or warranty, foreign export, sanctions and trade laws, government procurement regulations, competition and anti-bribery laws, climate change, PFAS, other environmental or health and safety issues, data privacy and taxes;
•changes in worldwide financial and capital markets impacting the availability of financing on satisfactory terms, as a result of financial stress affecting the banking system or otherwise, and the high interest rate environment, which affect the Company’s cost of funds and/or ability to raise capital, as well as customer demand and the ability of customers to obtain financing to purchase the Company’s products or equipment that contain the Company’s products;
•the Company's ability to satisfy its obligations and comply with covenants under its debt agreements, maintain favorable credit ratings and its ability to renew or refinance borrowings on favorable terms;
•the impact on the Company's pension obligations and assets due to changes in interest rates, investment performance and other tactics designed to reduce risk; and
•those items identified under Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 or this Form 10-Q.
Additional risks relating to the Company's business, the industries in which the Company operates, or the Company's common shares may be described from time to time in the Company's filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). All of these risk factors are difficult to predict, are subject to material uncertainties that may affect actual results and may be beyond the Company's control.
Readers are cautioned that it is not possible to predict or identify all of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that may affect future results and that the above list should not be considered to be a complete list. Except as required by the federal securities laws, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Refer to information appearing under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q. Furthermore, a discussion of market risk exposures is included in Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no material changes in reported market risk since the inclusion of this discussion in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K referenced above.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a)Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)). Based upon that evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
(b)Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
During 2023, the Company completed six acquisitions: Lagersmit, iMECH, Rosa, Des-Case, Nadella and ARB. The results of these acquisitions are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the first three months of 2024. The total and net assets of these acquisitions represented 14% of the Company's total assets and 26% of the Company's net assets as of March 31, 2024. The net sales of these acquisitions in the aggregate represented 5% of the Company's consolidated net sales for the first three months of 2024. The Company is currently integrating these acquisitions into its internal control framework and processes, and as prescribed by SEC rules and regulations, the Company will include Lagersmit, iMECH, Rosa, Des-Case, Nadella and ARB in the internal control over financial reporting assessment as of December 31, 2024.
The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. SEC regulations require us to disclose certain information about environmental proceedings when a governmental authority is a party to the proceedings if we reasonably believe that such proceedings may result in monetary sanctions above a stated threshold. Pursuant to such regulations, the Company uses the maximum permitted threshold of $1 million or more for purposes of determining whether disclosure of any such proceedings is required. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, included a detailed discussion of our risk factors. There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Investors should not interpret the disclosure of any risk factor to imply that the risk has not already materialized.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Common Shares
The following table provides information about purchases by the Company of its common shares during the quarter ended March 31, 2024.
Period
Total number
of shares
purchased (1)
Average
price paid
per share (2)
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs
Maximum
number of
shares that
may yet
be purchased
under the plans
or programs (3)
1/1/2024 - 1/31/2024
92
$
79.59
—
2,638,990
2/1/2024 - 2/29/2024
108,101
81.23
—
2,638,990
3/1/2024 - 3/31/2024
1,769
86.41
—
2,638,990
Total
109,962
$
81.31
—
—
(1)Of the shares purchased in January, February and March, 92, 108,101 and 1,769, respectively, represent common shares of the Company that were owned and tendered by employees to exercise stock options and to satisfy withholding obligations in connection with the exercise of stock options or vesting of restricted shares.
(2)For shares tendered in connection with the vesting of restricted shares, the average price paid per share is an average calculated using the daily high and low of the Company's common shares as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange at the time of vesting. For shares tendered in connection with the exercise of stock options, the price paid is the real-time trading stock price at the time the options are exercised.
(3)On February 12, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors approved a new share purchase plan, effective March 1, 2021, pursuant to which the Company may purchase up to ten million of its common shares, in the aggregate. This share purchase plan expires on February 28, 2026. Under this plan, the Company may purchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, and it may make all or part of the purchases pursuant to accelerated share repurchases or Rule 10b5-1 plans.
During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024, no director or officer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 16a-1(f)) of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as each term is defined in Regulation 408(a) of Regulation S-K).
Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, as adopted February 8, 2024 and granted pursuant to The Timken Company 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, as adopted February 8, 2024 and granted pursuant to The Timken Company 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
Form of Deferred Share Equivalents Agreement, as adopted February 8, 2024 and granted pursuant to The Timken Company 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Nonemployee Directors, as adopted February 8, 2024 and granted pursuant to The Timken Company 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
Appendix for special terms and conditions for equity awards granted to Timken participants in France pursuant to The Timken Company 2019 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan.
Certification of Richard G. Kyle, President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of The Timken Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification of Philip D. Fracassa, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of The Timken Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certifications of Richard G. Kyle, President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Philip D. Fracassa, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of The Timken Company, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of The Timken Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 filed on April 30, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
THE TIMKEN COMPANY
Date: April 30, 2024
By: /s/ Richard G. Kyle
Richard G. Kyle President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: April 30, 2024
By: /s/ Philip D. Fracassa
Philip D. Fracassa Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
