Exhibit 13

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ANNUAL REPORTOF THE TRUSTEES OF

MESABI TRUST

For The Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2022

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ADDRESS

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Mesabi Trust

c/o Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas

Trust & Agency Services

1 Columbus Circle, 17th Floor

Mail Stop: NYC01-1710

New York, NY 10019

(904) 271-2520 (telephone)

www.mesabi-trust.com

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REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT

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Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas

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LEGAL COUNSEL

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Fox Rothschild LLP

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REGISTRANT INFORMATION

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Mesabi Trust maintains a website that provides access to its annual, quarterly, and other reports it files with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such reports can be accessed at www.mesabi-trust.com. Mesabi Trust will provide, upon the written request of any Unitholder addressed to the Trustees at the above address and without charge to such Unitholder, (i) a paper copy of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 (the “Annual Report”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and (ii) the Trustees’ Code of Ethics.

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Table of Contents

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

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This report contains certain forward-looking statements with respect to iron ore pellet production, iron ore pricing and adjustments to pricing, shipments by Northshore during 2022, royalty (including bonus royalty) amounts, and other matters, which statements are intended to be made under the safe harbor protections of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Actual production, prices, price adjustments, and shipments of iron ore pellets, as well as actual royalty payments (including bonus royalties) could differ materially from current expectations due to inherent risks and uncertainties such as general adverse business and industry economic trends, uncertainties arising from war, terrorist events, the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and other global events, higher or lower customer demand for steel and iron ore, decisions by mine operators regarding curtailments or idling production lines or entire plants, environmental compliance uncertainties, difficulties in obtaining and renewing necessary operating permits, higher imports of steel and iron ore substitutes, processing difficulties, consolidation and restructuring in the domestic steel market, market inputs tied to indexed price adjustment factors found in Cliffs Pellet Agreements resulting in future adjustments to royalties payable to Mesabi Trust and other factors. Further, substantial portions of royalties earned by Mesabi Trust are based on estimated prices that are subject to interim and final adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors under agreements to which Mesabi Trust is not a party and that are not known until after the end of a contract year. Although the Mesabi Trustees believe that any such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially. Additional information concerning these and other risks and uncertainties is contained under the caption “Risk Factors” in Mesabi Trust’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including this Annual Report. Mesabi Trust undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any of the forward-looking statements made herein to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof.

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OVERVIEW

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Mesabi Trust (“Mesabi Trust” or the “Trust”), formed pursuant to an Agreement of Trust dated July 18, 1961 (the “Agreement of Trust”), is a trust organized under the laws of the State of New York. Mesabi Trust holds all of the interests formerly owned by Mesabi Iron Company (“MIC”), including all right, title and interest in the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Peters Lease dated August 17, 1989 among the trustees of Mesabi Trust, Bruce D. Sherling, as Trustee in Bankruptcy for the Estate of Reserve Mining Company, and Cypress Northshore Mining Corporation, predecessor to Northshore Mining Company (referred to as the “Amended Assignment of Peters Lease” or the “Royalty Agreement”), the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Cloquet Lease dated August 17, 1989 among the trustees of Mesabi Trust, Bruce D. Sherling, as Trustee in Bankruptcy for the Estate of Reserve Mining Company, and Cypress Northshore mining corporation (referred to as the “Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease”) and together with the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, the “Amended Assignment Agreements”), the beneficial interest in a trust organized under the laws of the State of Minnesota to administer the Mesabi Fee Lands (as defined below) as the trust corpus in compliance with the laws of the State of Minnesota on July 18, 1961 (the “Mesabi Land Trust”) and all other assets and property identified in the Agreement of Trust. The Amended Assignment of Peters Lease relates to an Indenture made as of April 30, 1915 among East Mesaba Iron Company (“East Mesaba”), Dunka River Iron Company (“Dunka River”) and Claude W. Peters (the “Peters Lease”) and the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease relates to an Indenture made May 1, 1916 between Cloquet Lumber Company and Claude W. Peters (the “Cloquet Lease”).

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A pass-through trust with certificates of beneficial interest in the trust traded on the New York Stock Exchange

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Pursuant to a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, which ruling was based on the terms of the Agreement of Trust including the prohibition against conducting any business, the Trust is not taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. Instead, the holders of Certificates of Beneficial Interest in Mesabi Trust (“Unitholders”) are considered “owners” of the Trust and the Trust’s income is taxable directly to the Unitholders. The Certificates of Beneficial Interest in Mesabi Trust are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and is therefore subject to extensive regulation under, among others, the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”), each as amended, and the rules and regulations of the NYSE.

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Limited authorities and responsibilities of the Trustees

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The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees from entering into or engaging in any business. This prohibition seemingly applies even to business activities the Trustees may deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust Estate (as defined on page 33 of this Annual Report). Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to the Unitholders after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, and protecting and conserving the assets held by the Trust.

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The Trustees do not intend to expand their responsibilities beyond those permitted or required by the Agreement of Trust, the Amendment to the Agreement of Trust dated October 25, 1982 (the “Amendment”), and those required under applicable law. The Trust has no employees, but it engages consultants to assist the Trustees in, among other things, monitoring the volume and sales prices of iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota, based on information supplied to the Trustees by Northshore Mining Company (“Northshore”), the lessee/operator of the lands leased under the Peters Lease and Cloquet Lease (the “Peters Lease Lands” and “Cloquet Lease Lands,” respectively, as further described on page 35 of this Annual Report) and the 20% fee interest of certain lands that are particularly described in, and subject to a mining lease under, the Peters Lease (the “Mesabi Fee Lands,” and together with the Peters Lease Lands and Cloquet Lease Lands, “Mesabi Trust Lands”), and its parent company Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. (“Cliffs”). References to Northshore in this Annual Report, unless the context requires otherwise, are applicable to Cliffs as well.

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The information regarding amounts and sales prices of shipped iron ore products is used to compute the royalties payable to the Trust by Northshore. The Trustees request material information, from time to time, for use in the Trust’s periodic reports and as part of their evaluation of the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures. The Trustees rely on Northshore to provide accurate and timely information for use in the Trust’s periodic and current reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

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Duration and Termination of the Trust

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The Trust is governed by New York trust and estate law, which prohibits creation of any trust estate that suspends the power of alienation by a condition or limitation for a period longer than lives in being at the time of the creation plus a term of twenty-one years. Pursuant to a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, which ruling was based on the terms of the Agreement of Trust including the prohibition against entering into any business, the Trust is not taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

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Instead, the Unitholders are considered “owners” of the Trust and the Trust’s income is taxable directly to the Unitholders. In accordance with the Agreement of Trust, the Trust may continue to remain in force and effect until twenty-one years after the death of the survivor of twenty-five persons named in an exhibit to the Agreement of Trust. Based upon the results of research conducted by the Trust’s outside legal

counsel, as of March 2020, the Trustees believed that there are a number of individuals named in the Agreement of Trust who were also alive as of March 2021, the youngest of whom is believed to be 60 years old.

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The Trust may be terminated earlier at any time by the action of Unitholders holding 75% of the total Units of Beneficial Interest of the Trust as evidenced by any instrument executed by such Unitholders or by such Unitholders’ voting in favor of the termination of the Trust at a duly called and held meeting of the Unitholders.

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References in the Annual Report

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All references in this discussion and in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to iron ore products “shipped” shall include iron ore products that are actually shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota and/or deemed shipped as referenced by the parties to, and in accordance with, the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease. Similarly, all references in this discussion and in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “shipments” shall include actual shipments and/or deemed shipments of iron ore products, as referenced by the parties to, and in accordance with, the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease. After the outcome of the arbitration and consistent with Cliffs’ practices, the Trust is entitled to payment upon production of pellets to be sold for internal use by facilities owned by Cliffs or its subsidiaries. As a result, the Trust recognizes revenue for internal use pellets upon production of those pellets, which are deemed to be shipped under the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, regardless of pellet grade. Pellets that are not designated for internal use by Cliffs, or its subsidiaries, continue to be recognized as revenue upon shipment from Silver Bay, Minnesota.

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RISK FACTORS

The results of operations and financial condition of the Trust are subject to various risks. Some of these risks are described below, and you should take such risks into account in evaluating the Trust or any investment decision involving the Trust. This section does not describe all risks that may be applicable to the Trust and it is intended only as a summary of certain material risk factors. More detailed information concerning the risk factors described below may also be contained in other sections of this Annual Report.

Risks Related to Pass-Through Trust Structure of Mesabi Trust

The Trustees have no control over the operations, sales and marketing efforts or other activities of Cliffs or Northshore.

Except within the framework of the Royalty Agreement, neither the Trust nor the Trustees have any control over the operations, decisions to reduce or idle operations, sales and marketing efforts or other and activities of Cliffs or its wholly-owned subsidiary, Northshore. Accordingly, the royalty income of the Trust is highly dependent upon the activities, investments and operational decisions of Cliffs and Northshore, including temporary or permanent reduction or idling of operations, the supply and demand of suppliers and customers in the iron ore and steel industry in the U.S. and internationally, and the terms and conditions of the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease. Northshore, together with Cliffs, without any input or influence from the Trust or the Trustees (except within the framework of the Royalty Agreement), control: (i) current operating plans, including iron ore production volumes, decisions to reduce or idle Northshore plant and mining operations, marketing of iron ore products, operating and capital expenditures as they relate to Northshore, environmental and other liabilities and the effects of regulatory changes; (ii) plans for Northshore’s future production, operations and capital expenditures, if any; (iii) geological data relating to iron ore reserve estimates; (iv) sales and marketing efforts, and shipments of iron ore products to customers of Cliffs and the extent to which sales of iron ore products are marketed and sold directly to independent third parties; and (v) the terms and conditions, especially related to pricing, price adjustment mechanisms and delivery terms, of the sale of all iron ore products to Cliffs’ customers, including the Cliffs’ Customer Contracts. Any substantial change in Cliffs’ financial condition or business, or the operations, production and shipments of iron ore products by Northshore, including production curtailments, temporary idling or permanent idling of Northshore operations, about which the Trust may have little or no prior notice, could adversely affect the royalty income of the Trust, as well as the resulting cash available for distribution by the Trust to Unitholders. Further, such developments could have a material adverse impact on the market price of the Trust’s Units.

Cliffs’ announced intentions to shift DR-grade pellet production away from Northshore, use Northshore as a swing operation and idle Northshore operations from time to time, including from Spring to at least Fall of 2022, would, if and when implemented, reduce or potentially eliminate funds available for distribution to unit holders.

On October 22, 2021, Cliffs, parent of Northshore, the lessee/operator of the leased lands upon which Mesabi Trust is dependent for its royalties, held a conference call to discuss its third-quarter 2021 earnings. During the call, Lourenco Goncalves, Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer of Cliffs, disclosed “…we will soon be shifting our DR-grade pellet production away from Northshore and into Minorca, where we will not have to deal with the unreasonable royalty structure at Northshore.” Mr. Goncalves also indicated that “As we plan to no longer sell pellets to third parties in the coming years, Northshore will become a swing operation, which we will keep idle every time we decided to do so. In any event, we will continue to be able to feed our Toledo plant with a consistent feed of DR-grade pellets but from Minorca and not from Northshore.”

On February 11, 2022, Cliffs held a conference call to discuss Cliffs’ full year and fourth-quarter 2021 earnings. During the call, Lourenco Goncalves disclosed “…with the use of additional scrap in our BOF’s [basic oxygen furnaces], our iron ore needs are not as high as before, and we no longer need to run our mines full out. When determining where to adjust production, our first look is at our cost structure. Because we are now able to produce DR-grade pellets at Minorca, and mainly due to the ridiculous royalty structure we have in place with the Mesabi Trust, we will be idling all production at our Northshore mine, starting in the Spring, carrying through at least to the Fall period, and maybe beyond. At Northshore, no production, no shipments, no royalty payments. We also acknowledge that our strategy to stretch hot metal, by adding increased amounts of scrap to the BOF’s is working extremely well. With more scrap in the BOF’s, we need fewer tons of hot metal to produce the same tonnage of liquid steel. As a consequence, the Northshore idle could go longer than currently planned.”

During Cliffs’ February 11, 2022 earnings call, Mr. Goncalves also said that, “Going forward, [Cliffs] will be limiting the tonnage of iron ore pellets we sell to third parties.”

Cliffs’ most recent Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (filed with the SEC on February 11, 2022, the same day as Cliffs’ earnings call announcement about idling Northshore from spring to at least the fall period), described the planned idling at Northshore as follows:

“As announced in February 2022, it is anticipated that the Northshore mine will be temporarily idled for approximately four months during 2022.”

Subsequent published reports attributed to Cliffs indicated a May 1, 2022 start date for idling Northshore.

Cliffs had not previously notified the Trust of any of the aforementioned operational changes. Separately, Cliffs had not recently requested any changes to the royalty structure and has historically failed to engage in meaningful negotiations requested by Mesabi Trust to address the interpretation of the royalty structure. Pursuant to the Agreement of Trust, any change to the royalty structure would require an amendment to the royalty agreement, which would require the approval of the Trustees as well as approval of 66 2/3% in interest of the Trust Certificate Holders.

Under the Royalty Agreement, Northshore’s obligation to pay base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses with respect to the sale or use of iron ore products generally accrues upon production or shipment of those products from Silver Bay. However, regardless of whether any shipment has occurred, Northshore is obligated to pay to Mesabi Trust a minimum advance royalty. Each year, the amount of the minimum advance royalty is adjusted (but not below $500,000 per annum) for inflation and deflation. The minimum advance royalty was $949,295 for calendar year 2019, $964,659 for calendar year 2020 and $976,765 for calendar year 2021.

Operational decisions about when, how often and for how long to idle Northshore operations are solely in the control of Cliffs and Northshore. The Trustees are not notified in advance of such decisions to idle Northshore operations, and the Trustees cannot predict the frequency or duration of such idling events.

Accordingly, these plans, if and when implemented by Cliffs, would have a material adverse effect on Mesabi Trust’s future royalty revenue and would materially reduce or potentially eliminate funds available for distribution. In addition, the market price of the Trust’s Units, which are listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, could be negatively impacted, and the Trust’s ability to continue to meet the continued listing criteria of the NYSE could be compromised, and could result in delisting of our Units.

Our future royalties could be adversely affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Our future royalties could be adversely affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The spread of this virus has had and may continue to lead to the disruption of the business operations of Cliffs or its wholly-owned subsidiary, Northshore, by impacting the global economy as well as their employees, customers, service providers, vendors and suppliers. Among other things, the coronavirus temporarily curtailed the demand in certain of Cliffs’ end markets and certain of Cliffs’ mining and production facilities were idled for various periods during 2020 in response to the decrease in customer demand. While these operations have resumed, we cannot predict whether there will be any disruptions to Cliffs’ business operations in the future as a result of adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cliffs is also subject to risks arising out of the turbulence of the economic recovery associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including inflationary pressures, which may increase the costs of labor, raw materials, energy supplies, and other production inputs. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the risk that a significant portion of Cliffs’ workforce and on-site contractors will suffer illness or otherwise be unable to perform their ordinary work functions. The extent to which the coronavirus may impact Cliffs’ and Northshore’s business operations is uncertain and will depend on future developments, regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. These events could have a material adverse effect on the business operations of Cliffs and Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust.

Cliffs’ Annual Report has cited certain economic and market risks, including risks related to the volatility of commodity prices, uncertainty or weakness in global economic conditions, reduced economic growth in China and oversupply of iron ore and excess steel or imported products, any of which could adversely affect Cliffs’ ability to generate revenue, maintain stable cash flows and fund its operations, which in turn could adversely affect Northshore operations and could adversely affect royalties payable to the Trust.

In its annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on February 11, 2022 (“Cliffs’ Annual Report”), Cliffs disclosed that, as a mining company, Cliffs’ profitability is dependent upon the price of the steel, iron ore and scrap metal sold to its customers, and that the price of steel, iron ore and scrap metal has fluctuated significantly in the past and is affected by factors beyond its control including: international demand for raw materials used in steel production; availability of scrap metal substitutes such as pig iron; commodity prices speculation; rates of global economic growth, especially construction and infrastructure activity that requires significant amounts of steel; changes in the levels of economic activity in the U.S., China, India, Europe and other industrialized or developing economies; changes in China’s emissions policies and environmental compliance enforcement practices; changes in the production capacity, production rate and inventory levels of other steel producers, iron ore suppliers and scrap metal processors and traders; changes in trade laws; volumes of unfairly traded imports; imposition or termination of duties, tariffs, import and export controls and other trade barriers impacting the steel and iron ore markets; climate change and other weather-related disruptions, infectious disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or natural disasters that may impact the global supply of steel, iron ore or scrap metal; and the proximity, capacity and cost of infrastructure and transportation. Further, Cliffs stated that its earnings may fluctuate with the prices of the products it sells. Although Cliffs indicated it experienced generally higher prices for its products in 2021 as compared to 2020, to the extent that commodity prices, including the HRC price, coated and other specialty steel prices, international steel prices and scrap metal prices, significantly decline for an extended period of time, whether due to the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, Cliffs may have to revise its operating plans, including curtailing production, reducing operating costs and deferring capital expenditures. Cliffs also disclosed that it may have to record impairments on its goodwill, intangible assets, long-lived assets and/or inventory. Sustained lower prices also could cause Cliffs to reduce existing reserves if certain reserves no longer can be economically mined or processed at prevailing prices. Cliffs may be unable to decrease its costs in an amount sufficient to offset reductions in revenues and may incur losses. These events could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs and, in certain circumstances,

could potentially adversely affect Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust.

Cliffs sells a significant portion of its steel products to the automotive market and fluctuations or changes in the automotive market could adversely affect Cliffs’ business operations and financial performance, which in turn could adversely affect the royalties payable to the Trust.

Cliffs’ Annual Report indicated that the largest end user of Cliffs’ steel products is the automotive industry in North America. Beyond these direct sales to the automotive industry, Cliffs makes additional sales to distributors and converters, which may ultimately resell some of that volume to the automotive market. In addition to the size of Cliffs’ exposure to the automotive industry, Cliffs faces risks arising from Cliffs’ relative concentration of sales to certain specific automotive manufacturers, including several significant customers that previously idled certain automotive production facilities for varying lengths of time in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, automotive production and sales are cyclical and sensitive to general economic conditions and other factors, including interest rates, consumer credit, spending and preferences, and supply chain disruptions, such as the current semiconductor shortage. If automotive production and sales decline, Cliffs’ sales and shipments to the automotive market are likely to decline in a corresponding manner. Adverse impacts that Cliffs may sustain as a result include, without limitation, lower margins because of the need to sell steel to less profitable customers and markets, higher fixed costs from lower steel production if Cliffs is unable to sell the same amount of steel to other customers and markets, and lower sales, shipments, pricing and margins generally as Cliffs’ competitors face similar challenges and compete vigorously in other markets that Cliffs serves. These adverse impacts would negatively affect Cliffs’ sales, financial results and cash flows and the trend toward light weighting in the automotive industry, which requires lighter gauges of steel at higher strengths, could result in lower steel volumes required by that industry over time.

Moreover, despite Cliffs’ newly acquired position as the largest flat-rolled steel producer in North America, competition for automotive business has intensified in recent years, as steel producers and companies producing alternative materials have focused their efforts on capturing and/or expanding their market share of automotive business because of less favorable conditions in other markets for steel and other metals, including commodity products. As a result, the potential exists that Cliffs may lose market share to existing or new entrants or that automotive manufacturers will take advantage of the intense competition among potential suppliers during periodic contract renewal negotiations to pressure Cliffs’ pricing and margins in order to maintain or expand market share with them, which could negatively affect Cliffs’ sales, financial results and cash flows.

These events could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs and, in certain circumstances, could potentially adversely affect Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust.

Severe financial hardship or bankruptcy of one or more of Cliffs’ major customers or key suppliers could adversely affect Cliffs’ business operations and financial performance, which in turn could adversely affect the royalties payable to the Trust.

Sales and operations of a majority of Cliffs’ customers are sensitive to general economic conditions, especially, with respect to Cliffs’ steel customers, as they affect the North American automotive, housing, construction, appliance, energy, defense and other industries. Some of Cliffs’ customers are highly leveraged. If there is a significant weakening of current economic conditions, whether because of operational, cyclical, supply chain or other issues, including further adverse developments in the COVID-19 pandemic, it could cause customers to reduce, delay or cancel their orders, impact significantly the creditworthiness of Cliffs’ customers and lead to other financial difficulties or even bankruptcy filings by Cliffs’ customers. Failure to receive payment for products that Cliffs has delivered could adversely affect

Cliffs’ results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. The concentration of customers in a specific industry, such as the automotive industry, may increase Cliffs’ risk because of the likelihood that circumstances may affect multiple customers at the same time. Such events could cause Cliffs to experience lost sales or losses associated with the potential inability to collect all outstanding accounts receivable and reduced liquidity. Similarly, if Cliffs’ key suppliers face financial hardship or need to operate in bankruptcy, such suppliers could experience operational disruption or even face liquidation, which could result in Cliffs’ inability to secure replacement raw materials on a timely basis, or at all, or cause Cliffs to incur increased costs to do so. Such events could adversely impact Cliffs’ operations, financial results and cash flows, which in turn could adversely affect the royalties payable to the Trust.

U.S. government actions regarding its trade policies may have a material adverse impact on Cliffs’ business, which could adversely affect Cliffs’ ability to generate revenue, which in turn could adversely affect royalties payable to the Trust.

In recent years, the U.S. government has altered its approach to international trade policy, both generally and with respect to matters directly and indirectly affecting the steel industry, including by undertaking certain unilateral actions affecting trade, renegotiating existing bilateral or multilateral trade agreements, and entering into new agreements or treaties with foreign countries. For example, in March 2018, the U.S. government issued a proclamation pursuant to Section 232 imposing a 25% tariff on imported steel. These Section 232 tariffs were imposed on the basis of national security and addressed imported steel that was being unfairly traded by certain foreign competitors at artificially low prices. In retaliation against the Section 232 tariffs, the European Union subsequently imposed its own tariffs against certain steel products and other goods imported from the U.S. Moreover, in light of the U.S. government leadership changes resulting from the November 2020 federal congressional and presidential elections, further changes in U.S. international trade policy may be forthcoming. For example, the U.S. government and the European Union recently agreed to a tariff rate quota system that will allow more European Union imports to enter the U.S. market free of Section 232 tariffs. The U.S. government may also negotiate reductions or eliminations of Section 232 duties with other trading partners. If the Section 232 tariffs are further removed or substantially lessened, whether through legal challenge, legislation, executive action or otherwise, imports of foreign steel would likely increase and steel prices in the U.S. would likely fall, which could materially adversely affect Cliffs’ revenues, financial results and cash flows.

In addition, during 2020, the USMCA was implemented among the U.S., Mexico and Canada in place of the North American Free Trade Agreement. Because all of Cliffs’ steel manufacturing facilities are located in North America and one of Cliffs’ principal markets is automotive manufacturing in North America, Cliffs believes that the USMCA has the potential to positively impact its business by incentivizing automakers and other manufacturers to increase manufacturing production in North America and to use North American steel. However, it is difficult to predict the short- and long-term implications of changes in trade policy and, therefore, whether the USMCA or other new or renegotiated trade agreements, treaties, laws, regulations or policies that may be implemented by the U.S. government, or otherwise, will have a beneficial or detrimental impact on Cliffs’ business and its customers’ and suppliers’ businesses. Adverse effects could occur directly from a disruption to trade and commercial transactions and/or indirectly by adversely affecting the U.S. economy or certain sectors of the economy, impacting demand for Cliffs’ customers’ products and, in turn, negatively affecting demand for Cliffs’ products. Important links of the supply chain for some of Cliffs’ key customers, including automotive manufacturers, could be negatively impacted by the USMCA or other new or renegotiated trade agreements, treaties, laws, regulations or policies. Any of these actions and their direct and indirect impacts could materially adversely affect Cliffs’ revenues, financial results and cash flows which, in certain circumstances, could potentially adversely affect Northshore.

Although Cliffs may currently benefit from certain antidumping and countervailing duty orders, any such relief is subject to periodic reviews and challenges, which can result in revocation of the orders or reduction of the duties. For example, during 2022, the U.S. government is scheduled to review antidumping

and countervailing duty orders on some of our key products, including corrosion-resistant steel, cold-rolled steel, hot-rolled steel and cut-to-length plate. In addition, previously granted and future petitions for trade relief may not be successful or fully effective at preventing harm. Even if received, it is uncertain if any relief will be continued in the future or will be adequate to counteract completely the harmful effects of unfairly traded imports.

As a result, certain events could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs and, in certain circumstances, could potentially adversely affect Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust, and the Trustees are not able to predict the impact that changing U.S. trade policy, or its results and/or consequences, will have on future royalties payable to the Trust.

Global steelmaking overcapacity, steel imports and oversupply of iron ore could lead to lower or more volatile global steel and iron ore prices, directly or indirectly impacting Cliffs’ profitability, which in turn could adversely affect royalties payable to the Trust.

Significant existing global steel capacity and new or expanded production capacity in recent years has caused could potentially cause capacity to exceed demand globally. Although certain of Cliffs’ U.S. competitors temporarily shut down production capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic, much of the previously idled capacity has been restarted, and certain of Cliffs’ competitors have announced and are moving ahead with plans to develop new steelmaking capacity in the near term. In addition, certain foreign competitors, which may have cost advantages due to being owned, controlled or subsidized by foreign governments, have substantially increased their steel production capacity in the last few years and in some instances appear to have targeted the U.S. market for imports. The risk of even greater levels of imports may continue, depending upon foreign market and economic conditions, changes in trade agreements and treaties, laws, regulations or government policies affecting trade, the ability of foreign producers to circumvent U.S. trade sanctions and policy (including in the market for electrical steels), the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies and other variables beyond Cliffs’ control. In addition, higher sustained market prices of steel and iron ore products could cause new producers to enter the market or existing producers to further expand productive capacity, which could in turn lead to lower steel prices and increasing prices of steel making inputs, such as scrap metal. Excess steel and iron ore supply combined with reduced global steel demand, including in China, and increased foreign imports, also could lead to lower steel and iron ore prices. Downward pressure on steel and/or iron ore prices could have an adverse effect on Cliffs’ results of operations, financial condition and profitability, which in turn could adversely affect royalties payable to the Trust.

Due to the lack of industry and geographic diversification, adverse developments in the iron ore mining industry could adversely impact the Trust’s financial condition and reduce its ability to make distributions to the Trust’s Unitholders.

Substantially all of the revenue, operating profits and assets of the Trust relate to one business segment—iron ore mining. In addition, the principal assets of the Trust consist of two different interests in certain properties in the Mesabi Iron Range located in northern Minnesota. This concentration could disproportionally expose the Trust’s interests to operational and regulatory risks in that area. Due to the lack of diversification in industry type and location of the Trust’s interests, adverse developments in the iron ore markets or at the location of the Trust’s real estate interests could have a significantly greater impact on the Trust’s financial condition, results of operations and royalty revenues than if the Trust’s interests were more diversified.

Royalties received by the Trust, and distributions paid to Unitholders, in any particular quarter or year are highly variable and are not necessarily indicative of royalties or distributions that will be paid in any subsequent quarter or in any full year. Idling of Northshore plant and mining operations exacerbate this volatility.

Royalties received by the Trust can fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year based upon market prices for iron ore products, the level of orders for iron ore products from Cliffs’ customers, the sales and marketing efforts of Cliffs, the consumption of inventory by Cliffs’ customers, and production decisions made by Northshore, including, as discussed above, decisions to reduce or idle Northshore plant and mining operations. Moreover, because some of the royalties paid to the Trust in any particular quarter include payments made with respect to pellets shipped and sold at estimated prices that are subject to future interim and final multi-year adjustments in accordance with the supply agreements between Cliffs and its customers, a downward trend in demand and market prices for iron and steel products could result in negative adjustments to royalties in future quarters, some of which may be significant. These negative price adjustments could have a material adverse effect on the Trust’s royalty income, which in time could result in lower quarterly distributions paid by the Trust to Unitholders, and possibly reduce or even eliminate funds available for distribution in any quarter and in some quarters may completely offset royalties otherwise payable to the Trust.

Due to the factors described above, cash available for distribution to Unitholders in future quarters could materially decrease, and in some cases, such decrease could result in little or no cash being available for distribution to Unitholders. As a result, royalties received by the Trust generally can fluctuate materially from quarter to quarter and year to year. As a result, distributions that may be declared and paid to Unitholders, in any particular quarter, are not necessarily indicative of royalties that will be received, or distributions that will be paid, in any subsequent quarter or in any full year. Based on the foregoing and the current uncertainty in the economic environment, the Trust cannot ensure that there will be adequate cash available to make a distribution to Unitholders in any particular quarter.

Cliffs’ Annual Report has disclosed certain financial risks, including risks related to Cliffs’ existing and future level of indebtedness, risks related to potential limitations on its ability to invest in the ongoing needs of its business, risks concerning its ability to generate sufficient cash flow to service all of its debt, and risks related to adverse changes in credit ratings, which may adversely affect its cost of financing.

Cliffs’ Annual Report has disclosed that (i) it dedicates a portion of its cash flow from operations to the payment of debt service, reducing the availability of its cash flow to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or other strategic development initiatives and other general corporate purposes, (ii) if it is unable to service its debt service obligations, it may face substantial liquidity problems and may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital, including additional secured or unsecured debt, or restructure or refinance its debt, and (iii) credit rating agencies could downgrade Cliffs’ ratings either due to various developments, including incurring additional indebtedness and other factors specific to its business, a prolonged cyclical downturn in the steel, scrap metal and mining industry or macroeconomic trends (such as global or regional recessions), increases in pension and OPEB obligations, and trends in credit and capital markets more generally, which would may result in an increase to its cost of financing and limit its access to the capital markets, which would harm its financial condition, and hinder its ability to refinance existing indebtedness on acceptable terms, and the terms under which it purchases goods and services.

Cliffs’ Annual Report also disclosed that if it is unable to service its debt obligations, it could face substantial liquidity problems and may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital, including additional secured or unsecured debt, or restructure or finance its debt, and may be unable to continue as a going concern.

These potential circumstances, if they become real developments, could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs and Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on royalties paid to the Trust in the future.

Equipment failures and other unexpected events at Northshore may lead to production curtailments, idling or shutdown.

Interruptions in production capabilities at the mine operated by Northshore may have an adverse impact on the royalties payable to the Trust. In addition to planned production shutdowns, idling or curtailments and equipment failures, the Northshore facilities are also subject to the risk of loss due to unanticipated events such as fires, explosions or extreme weather conditions due to climate change or otherwise and natural and human-caused disasters, terrorist events, lack of energy or other supplies, and infectious disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, the temporary production shutdowns in the automotive industry during 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated reduction in demand for Cliffs’ products led to Cliffs’ decision to temporarily idle certain steelmaking facilities and iron ore mines. The manufacturing processes that take place in Northshore’s mining operations, as well as in Northshore’s crushing, concentrating and pelletizing facilities, depend on critical pieces of equipment, such as drilling and blasting equipment, crushers, grinding mills, pebble mills, thickeners, separators, filters, mixers, furnaces, kilns and rolling equipment, as well as electrical equipment, such as transformers. It is possible that this equipment may, on occasion, be out of service because of unanticipated failures or unforeseeable acts of vandalism or terrorism. In addition, because the Northshore processing facilities have been in operation for several decades, some of the equipment is aged. Because the Trustees have no control over the operations or maintenance of the equipment at Northshore, a shutdown or reduction in capacity may come with little or no advance warning. The remediation of any interruption in production capability at Northshore could require Cliffs to make large capital expenditures which may take place over an extended period of time. According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, if Cliffs’ cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund its debt service obligations, it may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures. Any additional idling, shutdown, reduction in operations, or production curtailment at Northshore would likely adversely affect the royalties payable to the Trust.

The mining operations of Northshore are subject to extensive governmental regulations and Northshore is subject to risks related to its compliance with federal and state environmental regulations.

Northshore, as the operator of the mine on Mesabi Trust Lands, is subject to various international, foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment and human health and safety, including those relating to air quality, water pollution, plant, wetlands, natural resources and wildlife protection (including endangered and threatened species), reclamation, remediation and restoration of properties and related surety bonds or other financial assurances, land use, the discharge of materials into the environment, and the effects that industrial operations and mining has on groundwater quality and availability, the management of electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls, and other related matters. Northshore is required to maintain numerous permits and approvals issued by federal and state regulatory agencies and its mining operations are subject to inspection and regulation by the Mine Safety and Health Administration of the United States Department of Labor (“MSHA”) under the provisions of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) has jurisdiction over safety and health standards not covered by MSHA and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (“MPCA”) regulates various aspects of Northshore’s operations. Northshore may from time to time be involved in disputes or litigation with the regulatory agencies over certain aspects of its operation but because the Trust has no control over Northshore’s operations, the potential impact of these proceedings cannot be determined. Moreover, Northshore is solely responsible for its compliance with all laws, regulations or permits applicable to Northshore’s operations and Northshore may at times fail to operate in compliance with such laws, regulations and permits. The Trust has no ability to control or determine whether Northshore has been or will in the future operate in compliance with such laws and regulations. If Northshore fails to comply with these laws, regulations or permits, it could be subject to fines or other sanctions, any of which could have an adverse effect on its operations and its ability to ship iron ore products from Silver Bay, Minnesota, which could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the royalties paid to the Trust.

TMDL (a regulatory term describing a value of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a body of water can receive while still meeting water quality standards under the Clean Water Act) regulations are contained in the Clean Water Act and, as a part of Minnesota’s Mercury TMDL Implementation Plan, in cooperation with the MPCA, the taconite industry developed a Taconite Mercury Reduction Strategy and signed a voluntary agreement to effectuate its terms. The strategy includes a 72% target reduction of mercury air emissions from Minnesota pellet plants collectively by 2025. For Cliffs, the requirements in the voluntary agreement do not apply to Northshore. Late in 2013, however, Minnesota published a draft mercury control rule that would require annual mercury emissions reporting and could require installation of mercury emission control equipment on all Cliffs’ Minnesota facilities including those of Northshore. On September 22, 2014, Minnesota promulgated the Mercury Air Emissions Reporting and Reduction Rule mandating mercury air emissions reporting and reduction. The adopted rule expanded applicability to all of Cliffs’ Minnesota operations and required (i) a 70% reduction of mercury emissions from Northshore’s industrial boilers by January 1, 2018, and (ii) by the end of 2018, the submission of a plan to reduce mercury emissions by 72% from all of Cliffs’ Minnesota taconite furnaces, with such plan implementation requirements to become effective on January 1, 2025. Cliffs expressed its concerns about the technical and economic feasibility to reduce taconite mercury emissions by 72% and conducted detailed engineering analyses to determine the impact of the regulations on each unique iron ore indurating furnace affected by the Mercury Air Emissions Reporting and Reduction Rule. Cliffs’ Annual Report states that one of the main tenets agreed upon for evaluating potential mercury reduction technologies during TMDL implementation and the 2014 rule development proceedings was that the selected technology must meet the following “Adaptive Management Criteria”: the technology (i) must be technically feasible; (ii) must be economically feasible; (iii) must not impact pellet quality; and (iv) must not cause excessive corrosion in the indurating furnaces or air pollution control equipment. According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, there is currently no proven technology to cost-effectively reduce mercury emissions from taconite furnaces to the target level of 72% that would meet all four Adaptive Management Criteria. Cliffs submitted its mercury reduction plans for its Minnesota facilities to the MPCA in December 2018. In 2020, the MPCA provided comments on the plans and Cliffs responded in a timely manner.

The Trustees are unable to predict what impact, if any, the Mercury Air Emissions Reporting and Reduction Rule will have on production and shipments of iron ore products from Northshore or future royalties payable to the Trust.

The Trust does not control the portion of Northshore’s shipments that will come from iron ore mined from Mesabi Trust Lands.

The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions at Northshore and Northshore alone determines whether to mine from Mesabi Trust Lands or state-owned lands, based on its current production estimates and engineering plan. Northshore’s mining operations include Mesabi Trust Lands and mineral-producing land owned by the State of Minnesota and others. Iron ore mined by Northshore from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands is processed, along with iron ore mined from Mesabi Trust Lands, in Northshore-owned crushing, concentrating and pelletizing facilities and is separately accounted for on a periodic basis. Northshore also has the ability to process and ship iron ore products from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands. In certain circumstances, the Trust may be entitled to royalties on those other shipments, but not in all cases. In general, the Trust will receive higher royalties (assuming all other factors are equal) if a higher percentage of shipments is from Mesabi Trust Lands. The percentages of shipments from Mesabi Trust Lands were 91.3%, 92.3%, 89.6%, 89.8%, 92.6%, 99.6%, 88.9% and 90.8% in calendar years 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. If Northshore decides to materially reduce the percentage of iron ore mined, or pellets shipped, from Mesabi Trust Lands, the income of the Trust could be materially adversely affected.

The Trust relies on Cliffs’ estimates of recoverable reserves, and if those estimates are inaccurate, the total potential future royalty stream to the Trust and distributions payable to Unitholders may be materially adversely affected.

The Trustees do not participate in preparing the recoverable iron ore reserve estimates reported by Cliffs. According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, Cliffs regularly evaluates its iron ore reserves based on revenues and costs and updates them as required in accordance with SEC regulations. In 2018, the Trustees engaged an independent firm of geological experts to evaluate the process Cliffs uses to estimate the recoverable iron ore reserves at the Peter Mitchell Mine. Additionally, according to Cliffs’ Annual Report, Cliffs has updated its iron ore reserve estimates to comply (to the extent it is not already compliant) with Final Rule 13-10570, Modernization of Property Disclosures for Mining Registrants. Still, there are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of reserves of mineral producing lands and such estimates necessarily depend upon a number of variable factors and assumptions, such as production capacity, effects of regulations by governmental agencies, future prices for iron ore, future industry conditions and operating costs, severance and excise taxes, development costs and costs of extraction and reclamation costs. All of these factors are outside of the control and influence of the Trustees. Actual reserves will likely vary from estimates, and if such variances are negative and material, the expected royalties payable to the Trust could be materially adversely affected and the value of the Trust’s Units could decline.

Cliffs has disclosed certain operational risks, including risks that could arise related to substantial costs from idled production capacity, announced and potential mine closures and risks related to its ability to transport its products to customers at competitive rates and in a timely manner.

According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, Cliffs indicated that its decisions concerning which facilities to operate and at what production levels are made based in part upon its customers’ orders for products, as well as the quality, performance capabilities and production cost of its operations. During depressed market conditions, Cliffs may concentrate production at certain facilities and not operate others in response to customer demand, and as a result Cliffs would incur idle costs that could offset its anticipated savings from not operating the idled facility. For example, due to reduced demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain of Cliffs’ steelmaking facilities and iron ore mines were temporarily idled during portions of 2020. When Cliffs restarts idled facilities, it incurs certain costs to replenish inventories, prepare the previously idled facilities for operation, perform the required repair and maintenance activities, and prepare employees to return to work safely and resume production responsibilities. The amount of any such costs can be material, depending on a variety of factors, such as the period of idle time, necessary repairs and available employees, and is difficult to project.

Cliffs also disclosed that in its iron ore operations, disruption of the rail, trucking, lake or other waterway transportation services due to weather-related problems, climate change, strikes, lock-outs, driver shortages and other disruptions in the trucking industry, train crew shortages or other rail network constraints, global or domestic pandemics or epidemics (such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic) or other infectious disease outbreaks, in each case causing a business disruption, or other events and lack of alternative transportation sources could impair Cliffs’ ability to move products internally amount its facilities and to supply products to its customers at competitive rates or in a timely manner, and thus, could adversely affect its operations, revenues, margins and profitability.

These events could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs and potentially Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on royalties paid to the Trust in the future.

Certain risk factors affecting Cliffs’ North American iron ore business generally, and Northshore operations in particular, could have a material adverse effect on the royalties payable to the Trust.

Because substantially all of the Trust’s revenue is derived from iron ore products shipped by Northshore from Silver Bay, Northshore’s iron ore pellet processing and shipping activities directly impact the Trust’s revenues in each quarter and each year. According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, a number of risk factors affect Cliffs’ operations and could impact Northshore’s production and shipment volume. Cliffs’ Annual Report identified the following seven categories of risk to which Cliffs is subject: (i) economic and market, (ii) regulatory, (iii) financial, (iv) operational, (v) sustainability and development, and (vi) human capital. These risk factors include, among others, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the volatility of commodity prices, concentration of business in the automotive market, global steelmaking overcapacity, severe financial hardship or bankruptcy of major customers or key suppliers, U.S. government trade policies, extensive governmental regulations relating to the environment and human health and the costs and risks related thereto, use of hazardous materials, inability to obtain, maintain or renew operational permits, financial risks associated with existing and future indebtedness, changes in credit ratings, dependence on certain raw materials and energy sources, shipping conditions in the Great Lakes, natural or human-caused disasters, disruptions or failures of its IT systems, costs associated with the idling or closures of an operating facility or mine, ongoing risk related to recent merger with AK Steel or acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA, lack of appropriate insurance coverage, pressures to reduce carbon footprint, risks associated with maintaining social license, risks associated with the implementation of strategic capital projects, assumptions regarding recoverable mineral reserves, defects in title to any leasehold interests, labor shortages, and pension costs. Specifically, if any portion of Northshore’s pelletizing lines becomes idle for any reason, production, shipments and, consequently, the royalties payable to the Trust could be materially adversely affected.

Furthermore, other events such as terrorist acts, conflicts, wars and geopolitical uncertainties, whether or not occurring in or involving, directly or indirectly, the United States, may cause serious harm to Cliffs’ and/or Northshore’s business, operations and revenue. The potential for the occurrence of any of these types of events has created global and domestic economic and political uncertainties. If any of these types of events were to occur, the results would be unpredictable, but may include decreases in demand for iron ore, difficulties related to shipping of iron ore products to Cliffs’ customers, and delays and inefficiencies in Cliffs’ supply chain. The Trust is uninsured, and cannot obtain insurance, for losses and interruptions caused by any of these types of events.

Certain risks arising from Cliffs’ recent mergers and acquisitions activity may impact Cliffs’ financial condition and operating results as well as its operations, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust.

In recent years, Cliffs has completed several significant acquisition transactions, including the merger with AK Steel, the acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA and the acquisition of Ferrous Processing and Trading Company, including certain related entities. Cliffs’ Annual Report disclosed a number of risks and uncertainties related to the recent acquisitions, including, the following: (i) inability to realize anticipated synergies or other expected benefits or cost savings; (ii) additional debt incurred or assumed in connection with the acquisitions could limit Cliffs’ financial flexibility; (iii) diversion of financial resources to the new operations or acquired businesses; (iv) assumption of substantial additional environmental exposures, commitments, contingencies and remediation and reclamation projects; (v) liabilities for acquired pension and OPEB obligations, which could require Cliffs to make significant cash expenditures and funding contributions in excess of current estimates and contribution rates; (vi) impairment of recorded tangible and intangible asset values, including goodwill, could result in material non-cash charges to Cliffs’ results of operations in the future; (vii) failure to successfully separate from legacy systems and to integrate acquired systems, business processes, policies and procedures; (viii) exposure to unknown liabilities and unforeseen costs that were not discovered during due diligence; (ix) potential loss of key employees, suppliers or customers; and (x) other challenges associated with managing the larger, more complex and integrated

combined businesses. All of these risks could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs’ financial condition and operating results, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust.

We are dependent upon third party information technology systems, which are subject to cyber threats, disruption, damage and failure.

We are dependent upon third party information systems and other technologies, including those related to our financial and operational management and those related to Cliffs’ and Northshore’s financial and operational management. Network and information systems-related events, such as computer hackings, cyber-attacks, ransomware, computer viruses, worms or other destructive or disruptive software, process breakdowns, denial of service attacks, malicious social engineering or other malicious activities, or any combination of the foregoing, or power outages, natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other similar events, could result in damage to our information and data that is stored or transmitted by our third party vendors or damage or disruption to Cliffs’ or Northshore’s business operations. Any security breaches, such as computer viruses and more sophisticated and targeted cyber-related attacks, as well as misappropriation, misuse, leakage, falsification or accidental release or loss of information maintained in these information technology systems could result in significant losses and damage to our reputation, or the reputations of Northshore and/or Cliffs, and require us, Northshore or Cliffs to expend significant capital and other resources to remedy any such security breach. There can be no assurance that these events and security breaches will not occur in the future or not ultimately have an adverse effect on the royalties payable to the Trust.

Risks Related to Human Capital

The Trustees are not subject to annual election and, as a result, the ability of the holders of Trust Certificates to influence the policies of the Trust may be limited.

Directors of a corporation are generally subject to election at each annual meeting of shareholders or, in the case of staggered boards, at regular intervals. However, under the Agreement of Trust, the Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of holders of Trust Certificates to elect Trustees and Trustees generally hold office until their death, resignation or disqualification. As a result, the ability of holders of Trust Certificates to effect changes in the composition of those serving as Trustees and the policies of the Trust is significantly more limited than that of the shareholders of a corporation.

Royalties payable to the Trust could be materially adversely affected by the failure of the Trust’s independent consultants to competently perform.

As permitted by the terms of the Agreement of Trust and the Amendment, the Trustees are authorized to, and in fact do, rely upon certain independent consultants to assist the Trustees in carrying out and fulfilling their obligations as Trustees. Independent consultants perform a variety of services for the Trust, render advice and produce reports with respect to monthly production and shipments, which include figures on crude iron ore production, iron ore pellet production, iron ore pellet shipments, and discussions concerning the condition and accuracy of the scales used to weigh iron ore pellets produced at Northshore’s facilities. The Trustees have also retained an accounting firm to provide non-audit services, including preparing financial statements, reviewing financial data related to shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore and reviewing the schedule of leasehold and fee royalties payable to the Trust. The Trustees believe that the independent consultants engaged by the Trust are qualified to perform the services and functions assigned to them. Nevertheless, any negligence or the failure of any such independent consultants to competently perform could materially adversely affect the royalties to be received by the Trust.

General Risk Factors

The Trust is subject to disputes from time to time that could result in litigation, arbitration or other administrative proceedings that could adversely affect the Trust’s operating results and financial condition and the market value of Mesabi Trust Units.

The Trust may become involved in litigation, arbitration or other administrative proceedings from time to time. These proceedings can be costly, and the results and other consequences of such proceedings are often difficult to predict. The Trust may not have adequate insurance coverage or contractual protection to cover costs and liability in the event we are sued, and to the extent we resort to litigation, arbitration or other administrative proceedings to enforce our rights, we may incur significant costs and ultimately be unsuccessful or unable to recover amounts we believe are owed to us or unable to resolve the matter on favorable terms.

More specifically on December 9, 2019, the Trust initiated arbitration with the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) against Northshore, the lessee/operator of the leased lands, and its parent, Cliffs. The Trust asserted claims concerning the calculation of royalties related to the production, shipment and sale of iron ore, including DR-grade pellets. The arbitration was completed before a panel of three arbitrators in July 2021 under the commercial rules of the AAA. The Trust received the AAA final award on October 1, 2021, which awarded the Trust damages in the amount of $2,312,106 for the resolution of royalties on DR grade pellets in 2019 and 2020 and interest in the amount of $430,710, calculated through June 30, 2021, and continuing to accrue until paid. Pursuant to the award, Cliffs paid the damages award to the Trust on October 29, 2021. The Tribunal granted the Trust’s request for a declaration that “for purposes of calculating royalties on intercompany sales, Northshore shall reference all third-party pellet sales, regardless of grade, and select the highest price arm’s length pellet sale from the preceding four quarters.” The Tribunal denied the Trust’s request for declaratory relief regarding access to certain information.

Any arbitration, legal or administrative proceedings to which the Mesabi Trust is subject could require the significant involvement of Trustees and the professional advisors and consultants to the Trust, and may divert attention from the Trustees’ other roles and responsibilities. In addition, it is difficult to foresee the results of legal actions, arbitration matters and other proceedings currently involving the Mesabi Trust or of those which may arise in the future, and an adverse result in these matters could have a material adverse effect on the market value of Mesabi Trust units and on Mesabi Trust’s asset value, royalty income, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to the continued listing criteria of the NYSE, and our failure to satisfy these criteria may result in delisting of our Units.

Our Units are currently listed for trading on the NYSE. In order to maintain the listing, we must maintain certain objective standards such as Unit prices and a minimum number of public Unitholders. In addition to objective standards, the NYSE may delist the securities of any issuer using subjective standards such as, if in the NYSE’s opinion, the issuer’s financial condition and/or operating results appear unsatisfactory or if any event occurs or any condition exists which makes continued listing on the NYSE inadvisable.

If the NYSE delists our Units, Unitholders may face material adverse consequences, including, but not limited to, a lack of trading market for our Units and reduced liquidity.

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OVERVIEW OF TRUST’S ROYALTY STRUCTURE

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Leasehold royalty income constitutes the principal source of the Trust’s revenue. The income of the Trust is highly dependent upon the activities and operations of Northshore. Royalty rates and the resulting

royalty payments received by the Trust are determined in accordance with the terms of the Trust’s leases and assignments of leases.

Three types of royalties, as well as royalty bonuses, comprise the Trust’s leasehold royalty income:

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The current royalty rate schedule became effective on August 17, 1989 pursuant to the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, which the Trust entered into with Cyprus Northshore Mining Corporation (“Cyprus NMC”). Pursuant to the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, overriding royalties are determined by both the volume and selling price of iron ore products shipped. In 1994, Cyprus NMC was sold by its parent corporation to Cliffs and renamed Northshore Mining Company. Cliffs now operates Northshore as a wholly-owned subsidiary.

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Under the relevant agreements, Northshore has the right to mine and ship iron ore products from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands. Northshore alone determines whether to conduct mining operations on Mesabi Trust Lands and/or such other lands based on its current mining and engineering plan. The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions. To encourage the use of iron ore products from Mesabi Trust Lands, Mesabi Trust receives royalties on stated percentages of iron ore shipped from Silver Bay, whether or not the iron ore products are from Mesabi Trust Lands. Mesabi Trust receives royalties at the greater of (i) the aggregate quantity of iron ore products shipped that were mined from Mesabi Trust Lands, and (ii) a portion of the aggregate quantity of all iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay that were mined from any lands, such portion being 90% of the first four million tons shipped from Silver Bay during such year, 85% of the next two million tons shipped during such year, and 25% of all tonnage shipped during such year in excess of six million tons. The royalty percentage paid to the Trust increases as the aggregate tonnage of iron ore products shipped, attributable to the Trust, in any calendar year increases past each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds. Assuming a consistent sales price per ton throughout a calendar year, shipments of iron ore product attributable to the Trust later in the year generate a higher royalty to the Trust, as total shipments for the year exceed increasing levels of royalty percentages and pass each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds.

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Royalty income, which constitutes the principal source of the Trust’s revenue, comprised 99.1% to 99.9% of the Trust’s total revenue in each of the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, January 31, 2021 and January 31, 2020. A more complete discussion of royalty rates and the manner in which they are determined is set forth under the headings “Leasehold Royalties” and “Land Trust and Fee Royalties,” in this Annual Report.

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During the course of its fiscal year some portion of royalties expected to be paid to Mesabi Trust is based in part on estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements. The Cliffs Pellet Agreements use estimated prices which are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and which adjustments are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors that are not known until after the end of a contract year. Even though Mesabi Trust is not a party to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, these adjustments can result in significant variations in royalties payable to Mesabi Trust (and in turn the resulting amount available for distribution to Unitholders by the Trust) from quarter to quarter and on a comparative historical basis, and these variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trust. In either case, these price adjustments will impact future royalties payable to the Trust and, in turn, will impact cash reserves that become available for distribution to Unitholders.

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According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, sales volumes under most of its multi-year supply agreements with Cliffs’ customers are largely dependent on customer requirements and contain a base price that is adjusted annually using one or more adjustment factors. The factors that could result in price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts include changes in the Platts 62% Price, hot-rolled coil steel price, the Atlantic Basin pellet premium, published Platts international indexed freight rates and changes in specified producer price indices, including those for industrial commodities, fuel and steel.

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As also described elsewhere in this Annual Report, the Trust receives a bonus royalty equal to a percentage of the gross proceeds of iron ore products (mined from Mesabi Trust lands) shipped from Silver Bay and sold at prices above the Adjusted Threshold Price. Although 99.5% all of the iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay during calendar 2021 were sold at prices higher than the Adjusted Threshold Price, the Trustees are unable to project whether Cliffs will continue to be able to sell iron ore products at prices above the applicable Adjusted Threshold Price, entitling the Trust to any future bonus royalty payments.

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Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the Corporate Trustee, performs certain administrative functions for Mesabi Trust. The Trust maintains a website at www.mesabi-trust.com. The Trust makes available (free of charge) its annual, quarterly and current reports (and any amendments thereto) filed with the SEC through its website as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing or furnishing such material with or to the SEC.

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

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TRUSTEES’ DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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Results of Operations

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Comparison of Iron Ore Pellet Production and Shipments for the Fiscal Years Ended January 31, 2022, January 31, 2021 and January 31, 2020

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During fiscal 2022, production attributed to Trust lands totaled approximately 4.5 million tons, an increase of 33.2% as compared to production for fiscal year 2021 and a decrease of 5.9% as compared to production for fiscal 2020. Shipments to Northshore’s customers attributed to the Trust totaled approximately 4.3 million tons during fiscal 2022. This represents an increase of 20.9% as compared to shipments for fiscal year 2021 and a decrease of 8.3% as compared to shipments for fiscal year 2020. The table below, which is based on information provided to the Trust by Northshore, shows the total production and total shipments of iron ore pellets from Mesabi Trust lands during the prior three fiscal years. As a result of the arbitration award discussed in Note 2, in addition to the shipped tons shown in the table below, as reported to the Trust in Cliffs’ quarterly royalty reports, the Trust recognized revenue during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 on an additional 1,173,667 tons deemed shipped from Mesabi Trust Lands for production that occurred in previous fiscal quarters.

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Production of iron ore pellets for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022 increased 7.3% as compared to production of iron ore pellets for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 due primarily to an increase in orders from Northshore’s customers as they adjusted production based on anticipated future demand from their customers.

Shipments of iron ore pellets by Northshore during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022 decreased by 18.8% as compared to shipments of iron ore pellets during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease in shipments in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022 was caused by a decrease in demand from Northshore’s customers during the quarter.

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The table below shows the change in the percentages of production and shipments from lands owned or leased by Mesabi Trust versus the percentages of production and shipments from lands owned by the State of Minnesota and others for the most recent three fiscal years.

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As is the case with the volume of shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota, the Trustees cannot predict what percentage of production or shipments will be attributable to iron ore mined from Mesabi Trust lands in fiscal 2023. However, pursuant to the Amendment, Mesabi Trust will be credited with at least 90% of the first four million tons of iron ore pellets shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota in each calendar year, at least 85% of the next two million tons of pellets shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota in each calendar year, and at least 25% of all tons of pellets shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota in each calendar year in excess of six million tons.

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Comparison of Financial Results for Fiscal Years ended January 31, 2022 and January 31, 2021

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Royalty Income

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As shown in the table below, in fiscal 2022 base royalties increased by 196.6%, bonus royalties increased by 148.5% and fee royalties increased by 63.6%, each as compared to fiscal 2021. Accordingly, the Trust’s total royalty income increased by 173.7% in fiscal 2022 as compared to fiscal 2021. The increase in royalties received by the Trust is primarily the result of an increase in prices received on tons shipped in fiscal 2022, as compared to fiscal 2021.

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The royalty amounts set forth in the table above include pricing adjustments made to royalty payments previously received by the Trust based on shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota during prior calendar years. Depending on the year, the volume of shipments, and the interim and final price paid to the Trust for shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota, the price adjustment provisions of the Cliffs Pellet Agreements may increase or decrease, in some cases materially, the royalties paid to the Trust. Because the Trust is not a party to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, the Trustees are unable to predict the extent of any pricing adjustments that may occur under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements or whether the adjustments will increase or decrease royalties payable to the Trust. With the current volatility in demand and prices for iron ore and steel products, the price adjustment provisions in the Cliffs Pellet Agreements may have a significant impact on future royalties payable to the Trust and the adjustments, depending on whether they are positive or negative, may increase or decrease the distributions payable to Unitholders.

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Total Revenues, Expenses, Net Income and Distributions

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As set forth in the table below, net income for fiscal 2022 increased by 193.8%, as compared to fiscal 2021, primarily due to an increase in tons shipped as well as an increase in prices received for tons shipped. Total expenses for fiscal 2022 increased by 5.9% as compared to fiscal 2021. A more detailed summary of the Trust’s expenses, including legal and consulting expenses, is set forth under the heading “Trust Expenses” in this Annual Report.

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As discussed in the paragraph above, the Trust’s total revenue and net income for fiscal 2022 increased by 175.4% and 193.8%, respectively, due to an increase in the tons shipped and prices received on tons shipped during fiscal 2022, as compared to fiscal 2021. The increase in the Trust’s net income resulted in a 190.2% increase in total distributions declared to Unitholders in fiscal 2022, as compared to fiscal year 2021.

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Unallocated Reserve

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As set forth in the table below, the Unallocated Reserve increased by $14,317,703 or 86.9% to $30,794,749, as of January 31, 2022, as compared to $16,477,046 as of January 31, 2021. As of January 31, 2022, the Unallocated Reserve included $24,767,504 in unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities, $4,631,510 of accrued income receivable, and $1,431,633 of a contract asset. Comparatively, as of January 31, 2021, the Unallocated Reserve included $16,372,405 in unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities, $249,477 of accrued income receivable, and $177,251 of a contract asset.

​

​

The 86.9% increase in the Unallocated Reserve for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, is primarily the result of an increase in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities, and an increase in the accrued income receivable.

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Contract Asset. The $1,254,382, or 707.7%, increase in the contract asset portion of the Unallocated Reserve is the result of revenue recognized on the base overriding royalties, at the estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, that will be collected in subsequent quarters as the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

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Accrued Income Receivable. The $4,382,033, or 1756.5%, increase in the accrued income receivable portion of the Unallocated Reserve is the result of the royalties earned on shipments in the last month of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021.

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Unallocated Cash and U.S. Government Securities. The Trust’s unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities for unexpected obligations increased by 51.3% to $24,767,504 as of January 31, 2022 from $16,372,405 as of January 31, 2021. The $8,395,099 increase in the Trust’s cash reserve resulted from an increase in the royalty payment received in January 2022, as compared to the royalty payment received in January 2021.

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As described elsewhere in this Annual Report, pricing estimates are adjusted on a quarterly basis as updated pricing information is received from Northshore. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters. See discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.

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Comparison of Financial Results for Fiscal Years ended January 31, 2021 and January 31, 2020

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Royalty Income

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As shown in the table below, in fiscal 2021 base royalties decreased by 21.9%, bonus royalties decreased by 12.1% and fee royalties decreased by 31.1%, each as compared to fiscal 2020. Accordingly, the Trust’s total royalty income decreased by 18.3% in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in royalties received by the Trust is primarily the result of a decrease in in tons shipped in fiscal 2021, as compared to fiscal 2020.

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The royalty amounts set forth in the table above include pricing adjustments made to royalty payments previously received by the Trust based on shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota during prior calendar years. Depending on the year, the volume of shipments, and the interim and final price paid to the Trust for shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota, the price adjustment provisions of the Cliffs Pellet Agreements may increase or decrease, in some cases materially, the royalties paid to the Trust. Because the Trust is not a party to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, the Trustees are unable to predict the extent of any pricing adjustments that may occur under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements or whether the adjustments will increase or decrease royalties payable to the Trust. With the current volatility in demand and prices for iron ore and steel products, the price adjustment provisions in the Cliffs Pellet Agreements may have a significant impact on future royalties payable to the Trust and the adjustments, depending on whether they are positive or negative, may increase or decrease the distributions payable to Unitholders.

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Total Revenues, Expenses, Net Income and Distributions

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As set forth in the table below, net income for fiscal 2021 decreased by 22.1%, as compared to fiscal 2020, primarily due to a decrease in tons shipped. Total expenses for fiscal 2021 increased by 31.4% as compared to fiscal 2020. A more detailed summary of the Trust’s expenses, including legal and consulting expenses, is set forth under the heading “Trust Expenses” in this Annual Report.

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As discussed in the paragraph above, the Trust’s total revenue and net income for fiscal 2021 decreased by 18.9% and 22.1%, respectively, due to a decrease in the tons shipped during fiscal 2021, both as compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in the Trust’s net income resulted in an 46.4% decrease in total distributions declared to Unitholders in fiscal 2021, as compared to fiscal year 2020.

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Unallocated Reserve

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As set forth in the table below, the Unallocated Reserve increased by $4,646,032 or 39.3% to $16,477,046, as of January 31, 2021, as compared to $11,831,014 as of January 31, 2020. As of January 31, 2021, the Unallocated Reserve included $16,372,405 in unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities, $249,477 of accrued income receivable, and $177,251 of a contract asset. Comparatively, as of January 31, 2020, the Unallocated Reserve included $14,326,122 in unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities, $69,588 of accrued income receivable, and $2,511,720 of a contract liability.

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The 39.3% increase in the Unallocated Reserve for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, is primarily the result of an increase in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities, and a decrease in the contract liability.

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Contract Asset. The $177,251, or 100%, increase in the contract asset portion of the Unallocated Reserve is the result of revenue recognized on the base overriding royalties, at the estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, that will be collected in subsequent quarters as the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

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Accrued Income Receivable. The $179,889, or 258.5%, increase in the accrued income receivable portion of the Unallocated Reserve is the result of the royalties earned on shipments in the last month of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020.

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Contract Liability. The $2,511,720, or 100%, decrease in the contract liability portion of the Unallocated Reserve is primarily the result of negative pricing adjustments recognized in the last month of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. Also represented in contract liability is iron ore that has not been shipped by Northshore, but for which the Trust has received a royalty payment based on an initial estimated price. The contract liability is also presented on the balance sheet net of the contract asset.

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Unallocated Cash and U.S. Government Securities. The Trust’s unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities for unexpected obligations increased by 14.3% to $16,372,405 as of January 31, 2021 from $14,326,122 as of January 31, 2020. The $2,046,283 increase in the Trust’s cash reserve resulted from an increase in the royalty payment received in January 2021 as compared to the royalty payment received in January 2020.

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As described elsewhere in this Annual Report, pricing estimates are adjusted on a quarterly basis as updated pricing information is received from Northshore. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters. See discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

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The Trust’s activities are limited to the collection of royalties, payment of expenses and liabilities, distribution of net income to the Trust’s Unitholders and protection and conservation of Trust assets. Distributions of net income to the Trust’s Unitholders are determined by the Trustees in their discretion and are based on the amount of total royalty income after providing for the payment of expenses and, to the extent deemed prudent by the Trustees, reserving funds in the Unallocated Reserve to provide for potential fixed or contingent future liabilities, including potential future liabilities that cannot be accurately quantified. See the discussion of the Trustees’ management of liquidity set forth under the heading “Unallocated Reserve” in this Annual Report.

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The Trust’s primary short-term liquidity needs are related to the Trust’s distributions to its Unitholders following the Trust’s receipt of royalty payments from Northshore each calendar quarter. After the Trust receives the royalty payments, the Trust’s current assets are invested in U.S. Government Securities, either through direct purchases of U.S. Government Securities or through investments in a money market fund that invests its assets in U.S. Treasury securities and securities guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or the FDIC. Due to the short-term duration and investment grade nature of these investments, the Trustees believe that the Trust’s current assets are adequate to meet the Trust’s currently foreseeable liquidity needs. As of January 31, 2022, the Trust held $47,727,522 in cash and cash equivalents, all of which was invested in a money market fund that exclusively invests in obligations of the U.S. Treasury. In February 2022, the Trust distributed $22,960,018 to Unitholders of record on January 30, 2022.

Given Cliffs’ announced intention to idle all of NorthShore mining, plant and shipping operations from spring until at least the fall 2022 (and maybe beyond), which Cliffs announced on February 11, 2022, it is anticipated that the Trust will receive less royalty revenue during 2022. Accordingly, it is anticipated that the Trust will have less funds available for distribution to Unitholders, after expenses, for each of the fiscal quarters and for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2023. Further, as a result of Cliffs’ October 2021 announcement to make Northshore a swing operation in the future, the Trust would anticipate receiving relatively less royalty revenue for the foreseeable future. The Trustees have not been provided any additional information on the timing or duration of Cliffs’ implementation of its announced plans.

See “Risk Factors -- Cliffs’ announced intentions to shift DR-grade pellet production away from Northshore, use Northshore as a swing operation and idle Northshore operations from time to time, including from Spring to at least Fall of 2022, would, if and when implemented, reduce or potentially eliminate funds available for distribution to unit holders.”

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

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The Trust has no off-balance sheet arrangements.

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Contractual Obligations

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The Trust has no payment obligations under any long-term borrowings, capital lease, operating lease, or purchase agreement.

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New Accounting Standards

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See Note 2 to the financial statements, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for information on our adoption of recently issued accounting standards.

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Critical Accounting Policies

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This “Trustees’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based upon the Trust’s financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Trustees to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Trustees base their estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Trustees believe are reasonable under the circumstances. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. Critical accounting policies are those that have meaningful impact on the reporting of the Trust’s financial condition and results of operations, and that require significant judgment and estimates. For a complete description of the Trust’s significant accounting policies, please see Note 2 to the financial statements on pages F-8 through F-12.

Revenue Recognition

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The Trust accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. All revenue is recognized as the performance obligations are satisfied. In accordance the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, the Trust recognizes revenue upon providing access to the lands and minerals only after the consideration that is entitled to be received is determinable. Prior to the AAA arbitration outcome (in October 2021), discussed further in Footnote 2 in the Accounting Estimates section of the Financial Statements (beginning on page F-12 of this Annual Report), the Trust was not entitled to consideration for base and bonus royalties until product was shipped from Northshore. After the outcome of the AAA arbitration and consistent with Cliffs’ payment and pricing practices, the Trust is entitled to payment upon production of pellets to be sold for internal use by facilities owned by Cliffs or its subsidiaries. As a result, the Trust recognizes revenue for internal use pellets upon production of those pellets at Northshore, which are “deemed to be shipped” under the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, regardless of pellet grade. Pellets produced by Northshore that are not designated for internal use by Cliffs or its subsidiaries, and instead are intended for sale to third parties in arms-length sales, continues to be recognized as revenue upon shipment from Silver Bay, Minnesota.

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The Trust’s royalty income includes accrued income receivable. Accrued income receivable represents royalty income earned but not yet received by the Trust. Accrued income receivable is calculated using estimated prices and includes (i) shipments during the last month of Mesabi Trust’s fiscal year, if any, and (ii) net positive adjustments (which may include the sum of positive and negative price adjustments) calculated using the pricing adjustment mechanisms in the iron ore pellet sales agreements between Cliffs and its customers that determine the final sales price of the shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota.

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The Trust’s royalty income also includes a contract asset. The contract asset represents the revenue recognized on the base overriding royalties, at the estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, that will be collected in subsequent quarters as the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The Trust includes estimated future royalty rates on current contracted volumes within contract asset.

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Adjustments to royalty income may result from changes in final reconciliations of tonnage shipped by Northshore with the final amounts received from Cliffs’ customers. Adjustments may also result from revisions to estimated prices previously used to record revenue for tonnage shipped. Pricing decreases may give rise to negative price adjustments which may be applied against future royalty income recognized by the Trust and changes in iron ore pellet prices may have a significant impact on the revenue recognized by the Trust.

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Also included in royalty income, the contract liability represents an estimate of decreases in pellet revenue related to tons of iron ore that were shipped by Northshore, but for which Northshore has indicated that final pricing is not yet known and is adjusted in accordance with the Trust’s revenue recognition policy each quarter as updated pricing information is received. Changes in iron ore pellet prices may have a significant impact on the revenue recognized by the Trust. The contract liability also represents iron ore that has not been shipped by Northshore, but for which the Trust has received a royalty payment based on an initial estimated price. Revenue will be recognized in accordance with the Trust’s revenue recognition policy at the estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements as shipments of these products are made.

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Current Developments

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Quarterly Royalty Report and Royalty Payment

On January 28, 2022, the Trustees of Mesabi Trust received the Royalty Report from Cliffs, the parent company of Northshore.

As reported to Mesabi Trust by Cliffs in the Royalty Report, based on shipments of iron ore products by Northshore during the three months ended December 31, 2021, Mesabi Trust was credited with a base royalty of $13,744,881. For the three months ended December 31, 2021, Mesabi Trust was also credited with a bonus royalty in the amount of $7,106,888. The royalty also included a reduction of $151,274 as a result of negative pricing adjustments to base and bonus royalty calculations related to changes in price estimates made in prior quarters. In addition, a royalty payment of $232,820 was paid to the Mesabi Land Trust. Accordingly, the total fourth quarter 2021 royalty payments received by Mesabi Trust on January 28, 2022 from Cliffs were $20,933,315.

The royalties paid to Mesabi Trust are based on the volume of shipments of iron ore pellets for the quarter and the year to date, the pricing of iron ore product sales, and the percentage of iron ore pellet shipments from Mesabi Trust lands rather than from non-Mesabi Trust lands. In the fourth calendar quarter of 2021, Cliffs credited Mesabi Trust with 1,085,427 tons of iron ore shipped, as compared to 1,111,387 tons shipped during the fourth calendar quarter of 2020.

The volume of shipments of iron ore pellets (and other iron ore products) by Northshore varies from quarter to quarter and year to year based on a number of factors, including the requested delivery schedules of customers, general economic conditions in the iron ore industry, and weather conditions on the Great Lakes. In addition, Cliffs’ recently announced plans to shift production of DR grade pellets away from Northshore to Minorca, to no longer sell pellets to third parties in the coming years and to keep idle the Northshore plant from time to time, when and if implemented, would likely negatively impact the volume of shipments of iron ore products from Silver Bay, Minnesota. Further, the prices under some of the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, to which Mesabi Trust is not a party, are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors, some of which are not known until after the end of a contract year. The factors that could result in price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts include changes in the Platts Prices, hot-rolled coil steel price, the Atlantic Basin pellet premium, published Platts international indexed freight rates and changes in specified producer price indices, including those for industrial commodities, fuel and steel. These multiple factors can result in significant variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust (and in turn, the resulting funds available for distribution to Unitholders by Mesabi Trust) from quarter to quarter and from year to year. These variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trustees of Mesabi Trust. Royalty payments anticipated to be received during the current year will continue to reflect pricing estimates for shipments of iron ore products that will be subject to positive or negative pricing adjustments pursuant to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements. Based on the above factors, and as indicated by Mesabi Trust’s historical distribution payments, the royalties received by Mesabi Trust, and the distributions paid to Unitholders, if any, in any particular quarter are not necessarily indicative of royalties that will be received, or distributions that will be paid, if any, in any subsequent quarter or full year.

With respect to calendar year 2022, Northshore has not advised Mesabi Trust of its expected shipments of iron ore products, or what percentage of 2022 shipments will be from Mesabi Trust iron ore. Further, Cliffs has not advised the Trust of any implementation of, or changes to, its publicly announced plans for Northshore. In the Cliffs’ Royalty Report, Cliffs stated that the royalty payments being reported were based on estimated iron ore pellet prices under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, which are subject to change. It is possible that future production decreases, idling of the Northshore plant, or negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to

Mesabi Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters.

Mesabi Trust Distribution Announcements

As previously announced by Mesabi Trust on January 10, 2022, the Trustees declared a distribution of One Dollar and Seventy-five cents ($1.75) per Unit of Beneficial Interest payable on February 20, 2022 to Mesabi Trust Unitholders of record at the close of business on January 30, 2022. This distribution was paid as announced.

On April 15, 2022, the Trustees of Mesabi Trust declared a distribution of One Dollar and four cents ($1.04) per Unit of Beneficial Interest payable on May 20, 2022 to Mesabi Trust Unitholders of record at the close of business on April 30, 2022.

Cliffs’ Announced Plan to Idle all Operations at Northshore Mining Company from Spring to at least Fall 2022

On February 11, 2022, Cliffs, parent of Northshore, the lessee/operator of the leased lands upon which Mesabi Trust is dependent for its royalties, held a conference call to discuss Cliffs’ full year and fourth-quarter 2021 earnings. During the call, Lourenco Goncalves, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer of Cliffs, disclosed “…with the use of additional scrap in our BOF’s [basic oxygen furnaces], our iron ore needs are not as high as before, and we no longer need to run our mines full out. When determining where to adjust production, our first look is at our cost structure. Because we are now able to produce DR-grade pellets at Minorca, and mainly due to the ridiculous royalty structure we have in place with the Mesabi Trust, we will be idling all production at our Northshore mine, starting in the Spring, carrying through at least to the Fall period, and maybe beyond. At Northshore, no production, no shipments, no royalty payments. We also acknowledge that our strategy to stretch hot metal, by adding increased amounts of scrap to the BOF’s is working extremely well. With more scrap in the BOF’s, we need fewer tons of hot metal to produce the same tonnage of liquid steel. As a consequence, the Northshore idle could go longer than currently planned.”

During Cliffs’ February 11, 2022 earnings call, Mr. Goncalves also said that, “Going forward, [Cliffs] will be limiting the tonnage of iron ore pellets we sell to third parties.”

The Trustees of Mesabi Trust note that in Cliffs’ most recent Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (filed with the SEC on February 11, 2022, the same day as Cliffs’ earnings call announcement about idling Northshore from spring to at least the fall period), Cliffs described the planned idling at Northshore as follows:

“As announced in February 2022, it is anticipated that the Northshore mine will be temporarily idled for approximately four months during 2022.”

Subsequent published reports attributed to Cliffs indicated a May 1, 2022 start date for idling Northshore.

Cliffs’ announcement during its February 11, 2022 earnings call follows comments made by Cliffs’ CEO on October 22, 2021, about its plans to shift DR-grade pellet production away from Northshore and into Minorca, making Northshore a swing operation and idling the Northshore operations from time to time. Cliffs has not notified Mesabi Trust of any of the aforementioned operational changes. Further, Cliffs has not recently requested any changes to the royalty structure, which is governed by a 1989 royalty agreement, and Cliffs has historically failed to engage in meaningful negotiations requested by Mesabi Trust to address the interpretations of the royalty structure.

Mesabi Trust notes that any change to the royalty structure would require an amendment to the existing Royalty Agreement, which would require the approval of the Trustees as well as approval of 66 2/3% in interest of the Trust Certificate Holders.

The Trustees of Mesabi Trust also wish to clarify that with respect to royalties, the royalty agreement also provides that regardless of whether any production or shipment of iron ore pellets has occurred, Northshore is obligated to pay Mesabi Trust a minimum advance royalty. Each year, the amount of the minimum advance royalty is adjusted (but not below $500,000 per annum) for inflation and deflation. The minimum advance royalty was $964,659 for calendar year 2020 and was $976,765 calendar year 2021. Until overriding royalties (and royalty bonuses, if any,) for a particular year or equal or exceed the minimum advance royalty for the year, Northshore must make quarterly payments of up to 25% of the minimum advance royalty for the year. Because minimum advance royalties are essentially pre-payments of base overriding royalty and royalty bonuses (if any) earned during the year each year, any minimum advance royalties paid in a fiscal quarter are recouped by credits against base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses earned in later fiscal quarters during the year.

Cliffs Announced an Indefinite Idle of Indiana Harbor #4 Blast Furnace

On February 21, 2022, Cliffs announced that it will indefinitely idle its Indiana Harbor #4 blast furnace (“IH#4”) and that action was a result of the successful implementation of operational improvements, particularly the addition of significant amounts of HBI to the burden of blast furnaces and the maximization of scrap usage in BOFs. Cliffs further announced that it will continue normal operations of the entire Indiana Harbor Works, including its two steel shops, the hot strip mill and all its finishing facilities, as well as the nearby Riverdale Works. According to Cliffs’ announcement, with both Indiana Harbor blast furnaces #3 and #4 now indefinitely idled, going forward, all downstream operations including Riverdale Works will be supplied exclusively by Cliffs’ flagship high-productivity IH#7 blast furnace. The IH#4 furnace, which has a production capacity of 2.1 million net tons of hot metal per year, is expected to cease production within the next two months. According to Cliffs’ announcement, this action will reduce the number of operational blast furnaces in Cliffs’ footprint from 8 to 7. Cliffs also disclosed that it does not expect any change to full-year 2022 steel shipment volumes as a result of the indefinite idle of IH#4. The Trustees of Mesabi Trust are not able to predict the potential impact of Cliffs’ announced indefinite idling of IH#4 on mining, production or shipments of iron ore at Northshore, or on future royalties payable to the Mesabi Trust or Mesabi Land Trust.

Cliffs Announced Acquisition of Ferrous Processing and Trading Company

On November 18, 2021, Cliffs announced that it successfully completed the acquisition of Ferrous Processing and Trading Company, including certain related entities (“FPT”), for a total enterprise value of approximately $775 million, on a cash-free, debt-free basis and subject to customary adjustment (the “FPT Acquisition”). According to Cliffs’ announcement, based in Detroit, FPT is among the largest processors and distributors of prime ferrous scrap in the United States, representing approximately 15% of the domestic merchant prime scrap market. FPT currently processes approximately three million tons of scrap per year, approximately half of which is prime grade.

According to Cliffs, FPT operates 22 scrap processing facilities, with approximately 90% of revenues originating from its Midwest locations, primarily in Michigan and Ohio and FPT already enjoys an outsized position in automotive and industrial scrap, which is expected to grow as part of Cleveland-Cliffs.

In its announcement, Cliffs’ President and CEO said, “Cleveland-Cliffs is entering the scrap business as a major player through the acquisition of a large scrap company. Even more importantly, FPT has a very meaningful presence in prime scrap. With all the new flat-rolled EAF capacity coming online in our market over the next four years, prime scrap will only become more and more scarce. As the largest supplier of flat rolled steel in North America, Cleveland-Cliffs is the main source of the steel that generates prime scrap in

manufacturing facilities. Furthermore, throughout our entire footprint, Cleveland-Cliffs also consumes a very significant amount of scrap in our EAFs and BOFs. The acquisition of FPT will enhance our ability to buy back prime scrap directly from our clients, cutting the middlemen and improving the margin contribution from scrap for both Cleveland-Cliffs and for the manufacturing and service center clients that will be able to sell scrap directly back to us.”

Important Factors Affecting Mesabi Trust

The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees from entering into or engaging in any business. This prohibition seemingly applies even to business activities the Trustees deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust’s assets. Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, monitoring royalties and protecting and conserving the held assets.

Neither Mesabi Trust nor the Trustees have any control over the operations and activities of Northshore, except within the framework of the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease. Cliffs alone controls (i) historical operating data, including iron ore production volumes, decisions to reduce or idle the Northshore plant and mining operations, marketing of iron ore products, operating and capital expenditures as they relate to Northshore, environmental and other liabilities and the effects of regulatory changes; (ii) plans for Northshore’s future operating and capital expenditures; (iii) geological data relating to ore reserves; (iv) projected production of iron ore products; (v) contracts between Cliffs and Northshore with their customers; and (vi) the decision to mine off Mesabi Trust and/or state lands, based on Cliffs’ current mining and engineering plan. The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions at Northshore, nor do the Trustees provide any input regarding the ore reserve estimated at Northshore as reported by Cliffs. While the Trustees request relevant information from Cliffs and Northshore in accordance with the royalty agreement for use in periodic reports as part of their evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Trustees do not control this information and they rely on the information in Cliffs’ periodic and current filings with the SEC to provide accurate and timely information in Mesabi Trust’s reports filed with the SEC.

In accordance with the Agreement of Trust and the Amendment, the Trustees are entitled to, and in fact do, rely upon certain experts in good faith, including (i) the independent consultants with respect to monthly production and shipment reports, which include figures on crude ore production and iron ore pellet shipments, and discussions concerning the condition and accuracy of the scales and plans regarding the development of Mesabi Trust’s mining property; and (ii) the accounting firm they have contracted with for non-audit services, including reviews of financial data related to shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore and a review of the schedule of leasehold royalties payable to Mesabi Trust.

For a discussion of additional factors, including but not limited to those that could adversely affect Mesabi Trust’s actual results and performance, see “Risk Factors” set forth on pages 4 through 16 of this Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year-ended January 31, 2022.

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TO THE HOLDERS OF

CERTIFICATES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN

MESABI TRUST

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THE TRUST ESTATE

The principal assets of Mesabi Trust consist of two different interests in certain properties in the Mesabi Iron Range: (i) Mesabi Trust’s interest as assignor in the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease and the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease, which together cover properties aggregating approximately 9,750 largely contiguous acres in St. Louis County, Minnesota (the “Peters Lease Lands” and the “Cloquet Lease Lands,” respectively), and (ii) Mesabi Trust’s ownership of the entire beneficial interest in the Mesabi Land Trust, which has a 20% interest as fee owner in the Peters Lease Lands and a 100% fee ownership in certain non-mineral-bearing lands adjacent to the Peters and Cloquet Lease Lands (the “Mesabi Lease Lands,” together with Mesabi Trust Lands, the “Trust Estate”). The map below shows the approximate location of the Trust Estate.

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Under the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, Northshore produces iron ore from Mesabi Trust Lands for the manufacture of iron ore products to be sold to various customers of Cliffs. Mesabi Trust receives royalties on the crude ore extracted from such lands and the pellets produced from such crude ore,

and in each case the royalties are based upon the volume of iron ore products shipped and the prices charged to Cliffs’ customers.

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DURATION OF THE TRUST ESTATE

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The largest component of the Trust Estate is the Peters Lease Lands. The Peters Lease provides that the leasehold estate thereunder will continue until the reserves of iron ore, taconite and other minerals or materials on the land subject to the Peters Lease are exhausted. The Amended Assignment of Peters Lease terminates when the Peters Lease terminates. The Cloquet Lease, executed in 1916, provides that the leasehold estate thereunder will continue until the reserves of iron ore, taconite and other minerals or materials on the land subject to the Cloquet Lease are exhausted. The Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease terminates when the Cloquet Lease terminates. If Northshore decides to terminate or surrender either the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease or the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease, or both of them, it must first give Mesabi Trust at least six months’ notice of its intention to do so and, at Mesabi Trust’s request, reassign all of such leasehold interests to Mesabi Trust. If any such reassignment occurs, Northshore must transfer the leasehold interests to Mesabi Trust free and clear of liens, except public highways. In return, Mesabi Trust must assume Northshore’s future obligations as lessee under the reassigned leases. Upon termination of the lease under either the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease or the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease, or both of them, Northshore is obligated to remove within 90 days all engines, tools, machinery, railroad tracks and structures erected or placed by it, or under its direction, on the lands but may not remove or impair any supports placed in the mines, nor any timber or frameworks necessary to the use and maintenance of the shafts or other approaches to the mine.

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The Peters Lease Lands and the Cloquet Lease Lands are located at the northeastern end of the Mesabi Iron Range and contain mineral deposits consisting of a highly metamorphosed sedimentary bed of banded magnetite in siliceous gangue, a form of low-grade iron ore known as taconite, approximately three tons of which must be beneficiated to produce one ton of high-grade pellets. The Mesabi Lease Lands contain substantially no commercial ore deposits and have been used principally in connection with mining the taconite from other parts of the Trust Estate, such as the provision of an area for location of service roads, supporting plants and equipment and dump sites for overburden.

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Because the Trust is not involved with the mining operations at Northshore, the Trust relies on the ore reserve estimates reported by Cliffs’ in its Form 10-K (and related reports) filed with the SEC each year. In Cliffs’ Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 96.3 (filed February 11, 2022), the following information was provided by Cliffs regarding the estimated ore reserves at Northshore.

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Mining and Pelletizing Mineral Reserves

As of December 31, 2021

(In Millions of Long Tons)

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As disclosed in Cliffs’ Annual Report, mineral reserves are defined under Item 1300 of Regulation S-K as an estimate of tonnage and grade or quality of indicated and measured mineral resources that, in the opinion of the qualified person (within the meaning of Item 1300 of Regulation S-K), can be the basis of an economically viable project.  More specifically, it is the economically mineable part of a measured or indicated

mineral resource, which includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined or extracted.

Proven mineral reserves are defined under Item 1300 of Regulation S-K as the economically mineable part of a measured mineral resource and can only result from conversion of a measured mineral resource.  Probable mineral reserves are defined under Item 1300 of Regulation S-K as the economically mineable part of an indicated and, in some cases, a measured mineral resource.  All mineral reserves are classified as proven or probable and are supported by life-of-mine plans.

Mineral reserves are based on pricing that does not exceed the three-year trailing average index price of iron pellets adjusted to realized price. Cliffs’ disclosed that it evaluates and analyzes, and engages qualified persons to review and verify mineral reserves in accordance with its mineral policy and SEC requirements, and then completes updated life-of-mine plans. Cliffs last updated the Northshore life-of-mine plan in 2020.

As Cliffs’ disclosed in its Annual Report, mineral reserves estimates for its iron mines are constrained by fully designed open pits developed using three-dimensional modeling techniques. These open pits incorporate design slopes, practical mining shapes and access ramps to assure the accuracy of our mineral reserve estimates. The Trustees typically visit and inspect the open pits and mining and processing operations of Northshore in the fall each year. All of Cliffs’ mineral reserve estimates as of December 31, 2021 were reviewed and validated by its qualified person, SLR International Corporation, Lakewood, Colorado. The Technical Report Summary on the Northshore property was filed as Exhibit 96.3 to Cliffs’ Current Report on Form 8-K (filed February 11, 2022).

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HISTORY OF THE TRUST’S ACQUISITION OF THE TRUST ESTATE

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Prior to the creation of Mesabi Trust and Mesabi Land Trust on July 18, 1961, MIC, the Trust’s predecessor in interest, owned the interests in the Peters Lease Lands, Cloquet Lease Lands and Mesabi Lease Lands. MIC obtained its interests as follows:

Peters Lease Lands. MIC owned a 20% interest in the fee ownership in the Peters Lease Lands. Originally, the Peters Lease Lands were owned by East Mesaba Iron Company and Dunka River Iron Company which were wholly-owned subsidiaries of Dunka-Mesaba Security Company (“Dunka-Mesaba”). In August 1951, East Mesaba Iron Company and Dunka River Iron Company conveyed the Peters Lease Lands to their parent company, Dunka-Mesaba, which in turn conveyed to each of its stockholders an undivided interest in the Peters Lease Lands in proportion to each stockholder’s ownership in the parent company. Accordingly, MIC, which had been the owner of 20% of the outstanding capital stock of Dunka-Mesaba, acquired a 20% undivided interest in the Peters Lease Lands and the right to receive a 20% fee royalty under the Peters Lease.

By an instrument dated October 1, 1917, as of April 30, 1915, East Mesaba and Dunka River leased their properties to Claude W. Peters. This instrument, as modified by instruments dated February 3, 1921, July 17, 1939 and July 31, 1951, is known as the “Peters Lease.” Claude W. Peters acquired the Peters Lease on behalf of MIC and an assignment of the Peters Lease from Claude W. Peters to MIC was recorded in 1919. In 1939, MIC assigned the Peters Lease to Reserve Mining Company (“RMC”) in consideration for which RMC agreed to pay MIC a percentage of its net profits. Later, these payments were changed to royalty payments.

Cloquet Lease Lands. MIC held a leasehold interest in the Cloquet Lease Lands pursuant to the Indenture of Lease dated May 1, 1916. In 1939, MIC assigned its interest in the Cloquet Lease as lessee to RMC.

Mesabi Lease Lands. MIC held a fee interest in the Mesabi Lease Lands, subject to earlier grants of mineral rights to other parties. In 1939, MIC leased its interest in the Mesabi Lease Lands to RMC (“Mesabi Lease”).

Acquisition of Interests from MIC. MIC had not engaged in actual mining operations since 1939, with all of its ownership of land in fee having been leased out and its leaseholds in land assigned to RMC in exchange for royalty payments. Because MIC’s activities in connection with the administration of its assets were limited to the collection of income, the payment of expenses and liabilities, the distribution of the net income and the protection and conservation of the assets held, in July 1961 its board of directors proposed, and its stockholders subsequently approved, to adopt a plan of complete liquidation as a result of which MIC’s assets were transferred to and administered by two trust entities.

To comply with the law of the State of Minnesota, which requires that a trust holding real property located in that state must be administered under Minnesota law, the Mesabi Land Trust was created under Minnesota law on July 18, 1961 pursuant to an Agreement of Trust of even date. MIC transferred to the Mesabi Land Trust its 20% interest as fee owner in the Peters Lease Lands and its interest as 100% fee owner in the Mesabi Lease Lands and as lessor of the Mesabi Lease (subject to the reservation of mineral rights described above).

Also pursuant to an Agreement of Trust, the Mesabi Trust was created under New York law on July 18, 1961. MIC transferred to the Mesabi Trust instruments assigning the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease and the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease (covering its interest as assignor of the entire leasehold interest in the Peters Lease Lands and the Cloquet Lease Lands), together with cash, marketable securities and other assets. The Mesabi Trust also received all of the beneficial interest in the Mesabi Land Trust.

RMC, the original lessee, operated the mine until it closed on July 31, 1986. Cyprus Minerals Company (“Cyprus”) purchased substantially all of RMC’s assets on August 17, 1989 and resumed operations as Cyprus NMC. On September 30, 1994, Cliffs purchased all of Cyprus NMC’s capital stock from Cyprus. Cliffs renamed the operation Northshore Mining Company.

Since the creation of Mesabi Land Trust and Mesabi Trust, although the mining operators have changed and the Peters Lease, the Cloquet Lease and the Mesabi Lease have been further amended and assigned, the Trust Estate has not changed beyond the forfeiture of one parcel of the Mesabi Lease Lands described above.

The diagram below illustrates the relationships of the various parties that own the lands and have interests in the lands the Trust has interests in:

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DESCRIPTION OF THE MINERAL PROPERTIES AND NORTHSHORE’S MINING OPERATIONS

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Mine and Rock Formation. The Trust Estate, including the ore mine, are located in northeastern Minnesota, approximately two miles south of Babbitt, Minnesota. The ore mine on the Trust Estate is called the Peter Mitchell Mine, an open pit mine consisting of a 10-mile long segment of a host rock called the Biwabik Iron Formation, which is a very hard cherty rock containing magnetite as the ore mineral. The Biwabik Iron Formation extends west and southwest for over 100 miles and constitutes the Mesabi Iron Range. Recoverable iron grades range from 21% magnetic iron in the west end of the mine open pit to 26% magnetic iron in the central portion and east end. The ore body dips south under the hanging wall called the Virginia Formation. To date, the Mesabi Trust properties have been explored for their iron ore potential. To the knowledge of the Mesabi Trustees, no other minerals have been explored on the Trust Estate.

Mining Properties. As disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report, Northshore, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cliffs, currently conducts the mining operation upon the Trust Estate. The main entrance to the Northshore mine is accessed by means of a gravel road and is located off County Road 70. Northshore’s processing facilities are located in Silver Bay, Minnesota, near Lake Superior, on U.S. Highway 61. Each year, the Trustees visit the Northshore mine in Babbitt, Minnesota and the processing plant in Silver Bay, Minnesota. During such visits, the Trustees inspect the condition of the mining properties as well as mining equipment and facilities. Based on information provided to the Trustees during the most recent inspection trip in September 2021, the mining properties and facilities at Northshore were in good operating condition.

Northshore’s Operations. Because Mesabi Trust is not involved in Northshore’s mining operations, the Trustees do not have detailed firsthand information relating to such operations or the equipment and facilities used by Northshore. Therefore, the Trustees rely on information provided by Cliffs’ and Northshore’s personnel, disclosures by Cliffs in its periodic and current reports filed with the SEC and, to some extent, information provided in other reports published by independent organizations, in providing the information relating to Northshore’s mining operations, equipment and facilities.

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During the concentrating process, ore concentrate is separated by a two-stage magnetic separation, which removes low grade tailings from the ore concentrate. The tailings are pumped uphill to the Mile Post 7 disposal site. The concentrate is then fed into hydro-separators followed by a final flotation upgrading accomplished with two flotation cells per grinding line. Next, the concentrate proceeds to a central filtering facility, through which the moisture content in the concentrate is reduced and the final concentrate becomes ready for pelletizing. The pelletizing process first feeds the ore concentrate, to which bentonite and organic binder has been added as a

binder, into a balling drum. The revolving action of the drum causes the concentrate to build up into green balls. Next, the green balls are conveyed to moving grates and enter into an accompanying high temperature furnace where they are heated to over 2,400°F and are hardened into the final pellet product. From the furnaces the pellets are conveyed to a dockside storage area. Northshore’s sheltered harbor at Silver Bay can handle lake-going vessels.

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Under the Dodd-Frank Act, each operator of a coal or other mine is required to include certain mine safety results within its periodic reports filed with the SEC. As required by the reporting requirements included in §1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Act, in Cliffs’ Annual Report, Cliffs presented the following items regarding certain mining safety and health matters for the Northshore Mine.

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In Cliffs’ Annual Report, Cliffs reported that the Northshore mine did not receive any flagrant violations under Section 110(b)(2) of the FMSH Act (30 U.S.C. 820(b)(2)) and did not receive any written notices of a pattern of violations, or the potential to have a pattern of such violations, under section 104(e) of the FMSH Act (30 U.S.C. 814(e)) during the year ended December 31, 2021. In addition, according to Cliffs there were no mining-related fatalities at the Northshore mine during the same period.

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Following is a summary of the information listed above with respect to Northshore for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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LEASEHOLD ROYALTIES

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Northshore is obligated to pay to Mesabi Trust base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses on all pellets (and other iron ore products) produced from the Peters Lease Lands and the Cloquet Lease Lands (“Mesabi Ore”) and shipped from Silver Bay in each calendar year. The royalties are based on prices per unit of product, volumes of product shipped and where on the escalating scale of royalties—2-1/2% on the first million long tons to 6% on shipments above four million long tons per calendar year—each shipment falls.

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Base overriding royalties. Base overriding royalties are calculated on the basis of an escalating scale of percentages of gross sales proceeds of iron ore shipped. The applicable percentage is determined by reference to the tonnage of pellets (and other iron ore products) previously shipped in the then current calendar year, as follows:

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Royalty bonuses. Royalty bonuses are payable on all iron ore products produced from Mesabi Ore shipped from Silver Bay during a calendar quarter and sold at prices above the Adjusted Threshold Price. The Adjusted Threshold Price was $57.85 for calendar year 2020 and $58.58 for calendar year 2021, and will be $62.09 (estimated) for calendar year 2022. The Adjusted Threshold Price is subject to adjustment (but not below $30 per ton) for inflation and deflation and is determined each year on the basis of the change in the Gross Domestic Product Implicit Price Deflator, a broad-based index of inflation and deflation published quarterly by the U.S. Department of Commerce.

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The amount of royalty bonuses payable for any calendar quarter is calculated on the basis of an escalating scale of percentages of the gross sales proceeds to Northshore of pellets produced from Mesabi Ore that are sold at prices above the Adjusted Threshold Price. The applicable percentage is determined by reference to the amount by which the sales prices for a particular quantity of pellets exceeds the Adjusted Threshold Price, as follows:

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Leasehold royalty example. To illustrate the calculation of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses, assume that no shipments of iron ore products were made during the first calendar quarter of 2022, and further assume that pellets were shipped from Silver Bay in the second and third calendar quarters of 2022 in the following tonnage quantities and rendering the following gross proceeds:

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In this example, the base overriding royalties payable in respect of the second and third calendar quarters of 2022 would be as follows:

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Based on the same example, the base overriding royalty percentage applicable for all iron ore products shipped in the fourth calendar quarter of 2022 would be 6%, because more than four million tons were shipped during the first three quarters.

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Further, the royalty bonuses payable in respect of the second and third calendar quarters of 2022 would be as follows (with reference to the Adjusted Threshold Price (“ATP”) of $62.09 (estimated)).

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The above figures are provided only to illustrate the method for calculating base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses and do not indicate the amount of base overriding royalties or royalty bonuses the Trustees expect Mesabi Trust to earn in calendar 2022 or any other calendar or fiscal year. Accordingly, the foregoing example illustrating the calculation of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses should not be considered a prediction of the amount of base overriding royalties or royalty bonuses Mesabi Trust will receive.

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Bonuses on other ore. Northshore also must pay base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses on pellets produced from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands (“Other Ore”) to the extent necessary to assure payment of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses on at least 90% of the first four million tons of pellets shipped from Silver Bay in each calendar year, at least 85% of the next two million tons of pellets shipped therefrom in each calendar year, and at least 25% of all tonnage of pellets shipped therefrom in each calendar year in excess of six million tons. Base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses payable on Other Ore can be recouped by Northshore out of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses paid on Mesabi Ore. The amount of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses on Other Ore that can be recouped on any payment date cannot, however, exceed 20% of the amount of Mesabi Ore royalties and royalty bonuses which are otherwise payable on that payment date.

Advance royalties. Northshore is obligated to pay Mesabi Trust advance royalties in equal quarterly installments. The advance royalty was $964,659 for calendar year 2020, $976,765 for calendar year 2021, and is $1,035,374 (estimated) for calendar year 2022. The amount of advance royalties payable is subject to adjustment (but not below $500,000 per annum) for inflation and deflation and is determined each year in the same manner as the Adjusted Threshold Price. All payments of advance royalties are credited against payments of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses payable on Mesabi Ore until fully recouped by Northshore. The amount of advance royalties payable in respect of each calendar quarter constitutes the minimum overriding royalty amount payable by Northshore in respect of that calendar quarter.

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Other leasehold royalty information. Base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses are payable quarterly and accrue upon shipment, whether or not the actual sales proceeds for any shipment are received by Northshore. The amount of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses payable with respect to the first three quarters in any calendar year are determined on the basis of tonnage shipped during each such calendar quarter and the actual sales proceeds of such shipments, with an adjustment made to the royalties payable with respect to the last quarter in any calendar year to account for adjustments.

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LAND TRUST AND FEE ROYALTIES

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Mesabi Land Trust holds 20% interest as fee owner in the Peters Lease Lands and a 100% interest as fee owner in the Mesabi Lease Lands as lessor of the Mesabi Lease. Mesabi Trust holds the entire beneficial interest in Mesabi Land Trust and is entitled to receive the net income of Mesabi Land Trust after payment of expenses. Northshore is not obligated to pay royalties or rental to Mesabi Land Trust as fee owner of the non-mineral bearing Mesabi Lease Lands, a consideration having been paid in that respect at the inception of the Mesabi Lease.

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Northshore is required to pay a base royalty to the fee owners in an amount which, at its option, is either (a) 11-2/3¢ per gross ton of crude ore it mines from the Peters Lease Lands, or (b) $0.0056 for each 1% of metallic iron ore natural contained in each gross ton of pellets it produces from the Peters Lease Lands and ships. The base fee royalty rate is adjusted up or down each quarter (but not below the base royalty specified above) by adding or subtracting an amount to be determined by reference to changes in Lower Lake Mesabi Range pellet prices and the All Commodities Producer Price Index. The adjustment factor is computed by multiplying the base fee royalty rate specified above by a percentage that is the sum of (a) one-half of the percentage change, if any, by which the then prevailing price per iron unit of Mesabi Range taconite pellets delivered by rail or vessel at Lower Lake Erie ports exceeds 80.5¢ (the price per iron unit in effect in January 1982), plus (b) one-half of the percentage change, if any, by which the All Commodities Producer Price Index exceeds 295.8 (the level of the Index for December 1981). Fee royalties aggregating $817,160 with respect to crude ore mined by Northshore were earned by Mesabi Land Trust during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022.

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TRUST EXPENSES

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Total Trust Expenses

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Total Trust expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 were $2,694,045, representing an increase of $151,125, or 5.9%, from the $2,542,920 of total Trust expenses in fiscal 2021. The increase in Trust expenses from fiscal 2022 to fiscal 2021 was due primarily to an increase in legal fees and other expenses discussed further in the “Trust Legal Expenses” section below.

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Total Trust expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 were $2,542,920, representing an increase of $607,798, or 31.4%, from the $1,935,122 of total Trust expenses in fiscal 2020. The increase in Trust expenses from fiscal 2021 over fiscal 2020 was due primarily to an increase in legal fees and other expenses discussed further in the “Trust Legal Expenses” section below.

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Trust Legal Expenses

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Mesabi Trust paid Fox Rothschild LLP $1,728,417 for legal services provided to the Trust during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. Comparatively, Mesabi Trust paid Fox Rothschild LLP $1,456,399 and $928,586 for legal services provided to the Trust during fiscal years ended January 31, 2021 and January 31, 2020, respectively.

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In each of the last three fiscal years, Fox Rothschild LLP represented the Trust and assisted the Trustees in the preparation and filing of the Trust’s current, periodic and annual reports with the SEC, a variety of corporate trust law matters, iron ore royalty matters and securities law and NYSE compliance matters.

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The total amount of Fox Rothschild’s legal fees for services rendered during fiscal 2022 increased approximately $272,018, or 18.7% as compared to fiscal 2021. The increase in legal fees in fiscal 2022, as compared to fiscal 2021, resulted primarily from the increased legal services provided to the Trust and Trustees during fiscal 2022 relating to representing Mesabi Trust in the arbitration proceeding which commenced in December 2019 and ended in October 2021, and reviewing reports and analyzing iron ore royalty matters.

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The total amount of Fox Rothschild’s legal fees for services rendered during fiscal 2021 increased approximately $527,813, or 56.8% as compared to fiscal 2020. The increase in legal fees in fiscal 2021, as compared to fiscal 2020, resulted primarily from the increased legal services provided to the Trust and Trustees during fiscal 2020 relating to reviewing reports and analyzing iron ore royalty matters; and representing Mesabi Trust in the arbitration proceeding commenced in December 2019 and ended in October 2021.

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Total Trust expenses by category for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 are set forth in the table below.

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(1)“Other Trust Expenses” for fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 included additional consulting fees and costs incurred by the Trust in connection with study, review and analysis of iron ore royalties and markets.

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(2)“Other Trust Expenses” for fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 included additional consulting fees and costs incurred by the Trust in connection with study, review and analysis of iron ore royalties and markets, as well as ongoing arbitration costs.

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UNALLOCATED RESERVE

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Each quarter, as authorized by the Agreement of Trust, the Trustees will reevaluate all relevant factors including all costs, expenses, obligations, and present and future liabilities of the Trust (whether

known or contingent) in determining an appropriate level of unallocated reserve for the Trust in order to be in position to meet the current and ongoing challenges in the iron ore and steel industries. The actual amount of the Unallocated Reserve will fluctuate from time to time and may increase or decrease from its current level. Accordingly, although the actual amount of the Unallocated Reserve will fluctuate from time to time, and may increase or decrease from its current level, it is currently expected that future distributions will be highly dependent upon royalty payments received quarterly and the level of Trust expenses that the Trustees anticipate occurring in subsequent quarters. Pursuant to the Agreement of Trust, the Trust makes decisions about cash distributions to Unitholders based on the royalty payments it receives from Northshore when received, rather than as royalty income is recorded in accordance with the Trust’s revenue recognition policy. Refer to Note 5 for further information. See “Current Developments” — “Review of Unallocated Reserve” in this Annual Report. The amount of future royalty income available for distribution will be subject to the volume of iron ore product shipments and the dollar level of sales by Northshore. Shipping activity is greatly reduced during the winter months and economic conditions, particularly those affecting the steel industry, may adversely affect the amount and timing of such future shipments and sales. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters. See discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.

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The Trustees will continue to monitor the economic circumstances of the Trust to strike a responsible balance between distributions to Unitholders and the need to maintain reserves at a prudent level, given the unpredictable nature of the iron ore industry, the Trust’s dependence on the actions of Cliffs and Northshore, and the fact that the Trust essentially has no other liquid assets.

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CERTIFICATES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

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The Mesabi Trust’s Certificates of Beneficial Interest are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “MSB.” Distributions declared to Unitholders during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 totaled $54,448,042 as compared to $18,761,615 during fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, and $35,030,427 during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020. The Trust paid Unitholders distributions of $4.15 per Unit for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, compared with distributions of $1.43 and $2.67 per Unit for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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During the past two fiscal years, the market ranges of the certificates for each quarterly period and the distributions declared for such quarterly periods were as follows:

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As of the close of business on April 25, 2022, the beneficial interest in Mesabi Trust was represented by 13,120,010 Units, 229,757 Units of which were held by 683 holders of record.

THE TRUSTEES

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The name and address of each Trustee and the principal occupation of each individual Trustee are as follows:

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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TRUSTEES’ REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

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The Mesabi Trustees are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Mesabi Trust. The Trust’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Trustees regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.

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All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

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The Mesabi Trustees assessed the effectiveness of the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2022. In making this assessment, they used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on their assessment, the Trustees believe that, as of January 31, 2022, the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting is effective, based on those criteria.

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This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include, and is not required to include, an attestation report of the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reporting based on an exemption from such rules related to the Trust’s status as a smaller reporting company and non-accelerated filer.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Unitholders and Trustees of Mesabi Trust:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Mesabi Trust (the "Trust") as of January 31, 2022 and 2021, the related statements of income, unallocated reserve and trust corpus, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Trust as of January 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Trust’s Trustees. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Trust's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Trust in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Trust is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Trust's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by the Trustees, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ Baker Tilly US, LLP (formerly known as Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP)

We have served as the Trust’s auditor since 2012.

Minneapolis, Minnesota

April 27, 2022

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MESABI TRUST

BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF JANUARY 31, 2022 AND 2021

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