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Published: 2022-05-04 16:11:57 ET
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EX-99.1 2 rapid72022q1ex991.htm EX-99.1 Document
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Exhibit 99.1
Rapid7 Announces First Quarter 2022 Financial Results
 
Annualized recurring revenue (ARR) of $627 million, an increase of 38% year-over-year
Total revenue of $157 million, up 34% year-over-year; Products revenue of $149 million, up 36% year-over-year
Total customer growth of 16% year-over-year
Total ARR per customer growth of 18% year-over-year
Boston, MA – May 4, 2022 – Rapid7, Inc. (Nasdaq: RPD), a leading provider of security analytics and automation, today announced its financial results for the first quarter of 2022.

“Rapid7’s strong start to the year was driven by on-going momentum across our security transformation and vulnerability management solutions, as we sustained year-over-year ARR growth of 38%,” said Corey Thomas, Chairman and CEO of Rapid7.

“Amid an escalating cyberthreat environment, we are seeing robust demand for our differentiated and best-in-suite security operations platform as customers work to secure their modern and traditional technology environments. Alongside our strong growth, we generated positive free cash flow in the first quarter as we focus on our commitment to scaling efficiently while investing in our people and technology to drive durable growth.”
First Quarter 2022 Financial Results and Other Metrics
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Annualized recurring revenue $627,122 $455,797 38 %
Number of customers10,407 8,945 16 %
ARR per customer$60.3 $51.0 18 %
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 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021% Change
(in thousands, except per share data)
Products revenue$149,025 $109,285 36 %
Professional services revenue8,359 8,166 %
Total revenue$157,384 $117,451 34 %
North America revenue$124,934 $96,403 30 %
Rest of world revenue32,450 21,048 54 %
Total revenue$157,384 $117,451 34 %
GAAP gross profit$106,095 $81,162 
GAAP gross margin67 %69 %
Non-GAAP gross profit$113,029 $85,457 
Non-GAAP gross margin72 %73 %
GAAP loss from operations$(40,379)$(23,116)
GAAP operating margin(26)%(20)%
Non-GAAP (loss) income from operations$(5,619)$1,906 
Non-GAAP operating margin(4)%%
GAAP net loss$(44,999)$(29,845)
GAAP net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.78)$(0.56)
Non-GAAP net loss$(9,260)$(1,425)
Non-GAAP net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(0.03)
Adjusted EBITDA$(1,173)$5,757 
Net cash provided by operating activities$10,403 $20,595 
Free cash flow$3,828 $17,865 
For additional details on the reconciliation of non-GAAP measures and certain other business metrics to their nearest comparable GAAP measures, please refer to the accompanying financial data tables included in this press release.
Recent Business Highlights
 
In April 2022, Rapid7 published its 2022 Social Good Report, the company’s first comprehensive look at its work around advancing cybersecurity, diversity and inclusion, purposeful philanthropy, environmental sustainability, and governance.
In March 2022, Rapid7 was named a Strong Performer by The Forrester WaveTM for Cloud Workload Security, including recognition as the top-ranked solution in the Current Offering category. Rapid7 received the highest possible scores for Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM), Infrastructure as Code (IaC) security, orchestration platform, runtime, Cloud Workload Protections (CWP), and container protection plans.
In March 2022, Rapid7 announced new cloud workload protection capabilities for InsightCloudSec, the company’s fully-integrated cloud-native security platform, including native vulnerability assessment enhancements for container and Kubernetes environments.
In March 2022, Rapid7 published the results of a MITRE Engenuity ATT&CK® Evaluation of Rapid7 InsightIDR, highlighting the strong signal-to-noise demonstrated by the company’s industry-leading cloud SIEM and XDR offering.
In March 2022, Rapid7 released its 2021 Vulnerability Intelligence Report, examining the 50 most notable security vulnerabilities and high-impact Cyber Attacks in 2021.
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Second Quarter and Full-Year 2022 Guidance

Rapid7 anticipates annualized recurring revenue, revenue, non-GAAP income from operations, non-GAAP net (loss) income per share and free cash flow to be in the following ranges:
Second Quarter 2022
Full-Year 2022
(in millions, except per share data)
Annualized recurring revenue$740to$750
Year-over-year growth24%to25%
Revenue$163to$165$686to$692
Year-over-year growth29%to31%28%to29%
Non-GAAP income from operations$0to$2$17to$24
Non-GAAP net (loss) income per share$(0.07)to$(0.03)$0.05to$0.16
Weighted average shares outstanding58.860.9
Free cash flow$40to$45
The guidance provided above is forward-looking in nature. Actual results may differ materially. See the cautionary note regarding “Forward-Looking Statements” below. Guidance for the second quarter and full-year 2022 does not include any potential impact of foreign exchange gains or losses. The weighted average shares outstanding for the second quarter 2022 represent basic shares outstanding given our projected non-GAAP net loss and for the full-year 2022 diluted shares outstanding given our projected range of non-GAAP net income. The guidance provided above is based on a number of assumptions, estimates and expectations as of the date of this press release and, while presented with numerical specificity, this guidance is inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond Rapid7's control and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions or economic conditions, some of which may change. Rapid7 undertakes no obligation to update guidance after this date.
Non-GAAP guidance excludes estimates for stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets, amortization of debt issuance costs, and certain other items. Rapid7 has provided a reconciliation of each non-GAAP guidance measure to the most comparable GAAP measures in the financial statement tables included in this press release. The reconciliation does not reflect any items that are unknown at this time, such as litigation-related expenses, which we are not able to predict without unreasonable effort due to their inherent uncertainty.
Conference Call and Webcast Information
Rapid7 will host a conference call today, May 4, 2022, to discuss its results at 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time. The call will be accessible by telephone at 877-357-4230 (domestic) or 629-228-0721 (international). The call will also be available live via webcast on Rapid7's website at https://investors.rapid7.com. A telephone replay of the conference call will be available at 855-859-2056 or 404-537-3406 (access code 8743849) until May 11, 2022. A webcast replay will be available at https://investors.rapid7.com.
About Rapid7
Rapid7 (Nasdaq: RPD) is advancing security with visibility, analytics, and automation delivered through our Insight cloud. Our solutions simplify the complex, allowing security teams to work more effectively with IT and development to reduce vulnerabilities, monitor for malicious behavior, investigate and shut down attacks, and automate routine tasks. Over 10,000 customers rely on Rapid7 technology, services, and research to improve security outcomes and securely advance their organizations. For more information, visit our website, check out our blog, or follow us on Twitter.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Metrics
To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, we provide investors with certain non-GAAP financial measures and other metrics, which we believe are helpful to our investors. We use these non-GAAP financial measures and other metrics for financial and operational decision-making purposes and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. We also use certain non-GAAP financial measures as performance measures under our executive bonus plan. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures and other metrics provide useful information about our operating results, enhance the overall
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understanding of past financial performance and future prospects and allow for greater transparency with respect to metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making.
While our non-GAAP financial measures are an important tool for financial and operational decision-making and for evaluating our own operating results over different periods of time, you should review the reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the comparable GAAP financial measures included below, and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We disclose the following non-GAAP financial measures: non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, non-GAAP net income (loss), non-GAAP net income (loss) per share, adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow. We also disclose non-GAAP gross margin and non-GAAP operating margin derived from these financial measures.
We define non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, non-GAAP net income (loss) and non-GAAP net income (loss) per share as the respective GAAP balances excluding the effect of stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets, amortization of debt issuance costs and certain other items such as acquisition-related expenses, litigation-related expenses and induced conversion expense. Non-GAAP net income (loss) per basic and diluted share is calculated as non-GAAP net income (loss) divided by the weighted average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share, with the number of weighted average shares decreased, when applicable, to reflect the anti-dilutive impact of the capped call transactions entered into in connection with our convertible senior notes.
We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors in assessing our operating performance due to the following factors:
Stock-based compensation expense. We exclude stock-based compensation expense because of varying available valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions and the variety of equity instruments that can impact our non-cash expense. We believe that providing non-GAAP financial measures that exclude stock-based compensation expense allows for more meaningful comparisons between our operating results from period to period.
Amortization of acquired intangible assets. We believe that excluding the impact of amortization of acquired intangible assets allows for more meaningful comparisons between operating results from period to period as the intangible assets are valued at the time of acquisition and are amortized over several years after the acquisition.
Amortization of debt issuance costs. The expense for the amortization of debt issuance costs related to our convertible senior notes and revolving credit facility is a non-cash item, and we believe the exclusion of this interest expense provides a more useful comparison of our operational performance in different periods.
Induced conversion expense. In conjunction with the first quarter of 2021 partial repurchase of our 1.25% convertible senior notes due 2023, we incurred an induced conversion expense of $2.7 million. We exclude induced conversion expense because this amount is not indicative of the performance of, or trends in, our business and neither is comparable to the prior period nor predictive of future results.
Litigation-related expenses. We exclude certain litigation-related expenses consisting of professional fees and related costs incurred by us related to significant litigation outside the ordinary course of business. We believe it is useful to exclude such expenses because we do not consider such amounts to be part of our ongoing operations.
Acquisition-related expenses. We exclude acquisition-related expenses as costs that are unrelated to the current operations and neither are comparable to the prior period nor predictive of future results.
Anti-dilutive impact of capped call transaction. Our capped calls transactions are intended to offset potential dilution from the conversion features in our convertible senior notes. Although we cannot reflect the anti-dilutive impact of the capped call transactions under GAAP, we do reflect the anti-dilutive impact of the capped call transactions in non-GAAP net income (loss) per diluted share, when applicable, to provide investors with useful information in evaluating our financial performance on a per share basis.
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP). Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that we define as net loss before (1) interest income, (2) interest expense, (3) other income (expense), net, (4) provision for income taxes, (5) depreciation expense, (6) amortization of intangible assets, (7) stock-based compensation expense, and (8) certain other items. We believe that the use of adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors and other users of our financial statements in evaluating our operating performance because it provides them with an additional tool to compare business performance across companies and across periods.
Free Cash Flow. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure that we define as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property and equipment and capitalization of internal-use software costs.
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Our non-GAAP financial measures may not provide information that is directly comparable to that provided by other companies in our industry, as other companies in our industry may calculate non-GAAP financial results differently, particularly related to non-recurring, unusual items. In addition, there are limitations in using non-GAAP financial measures because the non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies and exclude expenses that may have a material impact upon our reported financial results. Further, stock-based compensation expense has been and will continue to be for the foreseeable future a significant recurring expense in our business and an important part of the compensation provided to our employees.
Other Metrics
Annualized Recurring Revenue (ARR). ARR is defined as the annual value of all recurring revenue related contracts in place at the end of the period. ARR should be viewed independently of revenue and deferred revenue as ARR is an operating metric and is not intended to be combined with or replace these items. ARR is not a forecast of future revenue and can be impacted by contract start and end dates and renewal rates, and does not include revenue reported as perpetual license or professional services revenue in our consolidated statement of operations.
Number of Customers. We define a customer as any entity that has an active Rapid7 recurring revenue contract as of the specified measurement date, excluding InsightOps and Logentries only customers with a contract value less than $2,400 per year.
ARR per Customer. We define ARR per customer as ARR divided by the number of customers at the end of the period.
Cautionary Language Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
This press release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the statements regarding our financial guidance for the second quarter and full-year 2022, the assumptions underlying such guidance and the timing of global economic recovery, market opportunities, future growth and operating leverage, and the anticipated impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our guidance, business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our use of the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “will” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The events described in our forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Risks that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, risks arising from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, fluctuations in our quarterly results, failure to meet our publicly announced guidance or other expectations about our business, our rapid growth and ability to sustain our revenue growth rate, the ability of our products and professional services to correctly detect vulnerabilities, our customers renewal of their subscriptions with us, competition in the markets in which we operate, market growth, our ability to innovate and manage our growth, our sales cycles, our ability to integrate acquired companies, and our ability to operate in compliance with applicable laws as well as other risks and uncertainties set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 24, 2022 and in the subsequent reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements we may make. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements. You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.

###
Investor contact:
Sunil Shah
Vice President, Investor Relations
investors@rapid7.com
(617) 865-4277
Press contact:
Caitlin O'Connor
Senior Public Relations Manager
press@rapid7.com
(857) 990-4240

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RAPID7, INC.    
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)     
(in thousands)    
 
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$141,365 $164,582 
Short-term investments93,155 58,850 
Accounts receivable, net107,320 146,094 
Deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs, current portion30,984 29,974 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets38,051 33,236 
Total current assets410,875 432,736 
Long-term investments28,295 34,068 
Property and equipment, net49,804 50,225 
Operating lease right-of-use assets89,196 83,751 
Deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs, non-current portion59,121 57,191 
Goodwill515,333 515,258 
Intangible assets, net108,246 111,591 
Other assets13,000 11,191 
Total assets$1,273,870 $1,296,011 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$12,163 $3,521 
Accrued expenses56,502 82,620 
Operating lease liabilities, current portion11,336 9,630 
Deferred revenue, current portion378,338 372,067 
Other current liabilities1,264 842 
Total current liabilities459,603 468,680 
Convertible senior notes, non-current portion, net812,995 812,063 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion93,954 90,865 
Deferred revenue, non-current portion30,616 33,056 
Other long-term liabilities13,253 17,342 
Total liabilities1,410,421 1,422,006 
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Common stock582 577 
Treasury stock(4,764)(4,764)
Additional paid-in-capital650,710 615,032 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(2,052)(812)
Accumulated deficit(781,027)(736,028)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)(136,551)(125,995)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)$1,273,870 $1,296,011 




RAPID7, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
 
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
Revenue:
Products$149,025 $109,285 
Professional services8,359 8,166 
Total revenue157,384 117,451 
Cost of revenue:
Products43,472 29,650 
Professional services7,817 6,639 
Total cost of revenue51,289 36,289 
Total gross profit106,095 81,162 
Operating expenses:
Research and development49,812 33,080 
Sales and marketing75,146 54,978 
General and administrative21,516 16,220 
Total operating expenses146,474 104,278 
Loss from operations(40,379)(23,116)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income112 96 
Interest expense(2,693)(5,394)
Other income (expense), net(603)(1,068)
Loss before income taxes(43,563)(29,482)
Provision for income taxes1,436 363 
Net loss$(44,999)$(29,845)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.78)$(0.56)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted57,724,821 52,904,881 




RAPID7, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
 
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss$(44,999)$(29,845)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization10,169 6,740 
Amortization of debt issuance costs979 658 
Stock-based compensation expense28,922 20,862 
Induced conversion expense— 2,740 
Other526 1,404 
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable36,327 34,414 
Deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs(2,939)(1,956)
Prepaid expenses and other assets(6,556)(136)
Accounts payable8,673 550 
Accrued expenses(24,048)(15,429)
Deferred revenue3,830 987 
Other liabilities(481)(394)
Net cash provided by operating activities10,403 20,595 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired— (49,720)
Purchases of property and equipment(3,053)(972)
Capitalization of internal-use software costs(3,522)(1,758)
Purchases of investments(32,136)(6,394)
Sales/maturities of investments2,800 41,900 
Other investments— (1,500)
Net cash used in investing activities(35,911)(18,444)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs paid — 587,100 
Purchase of capped calls related to convertible senior notes— (76,020)
Payments for repurchase of convertible senior notes— (182,647)
Payments related to business acquisitions— (2,431)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards(3,461)(3,324)
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan5,710 4,467 
Proceeds from stock option exercises959 1,427 
Net cash provided by financing activities3,208 328,572 
Effects of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(800)(500)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(23,100)330,223 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period165,017 173,617 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$141,917 $503,840 




RAPID7, INC.    
GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation (Unaudited)    
(in thousands, except share and per share data)   
 
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
GAAP gross profit$106,095 $81,162 
Add: Stock-based compensation expense1
2,090 1,554 
Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets2
4,844 2,741 
Non-GAAP gross profit$113,029 $85,457 
Non-GAAP gross margin71.8 %72.8 %
GAAP gross profit - Products$105,553 $79,635 
Add: Stock-based compensation expense1,495 1,018 
Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets4,844 2,741 
Non-GAAP gross profit - Products$111,892 $83,394 
Non-GAAP gross margin - Products75.1 %76.3 %
GAAP gross profit - Professional services$542 $1,527 
Add: Stock-based compensation expense595 536 
Non-GAAP gross profit - Professional services$1,137 $2,063 
Non-GAAP gross margin - Professional services13.6 %25.3 %
GAAP loss from operations$(40,379)$(23,116)
Add: Stock-based compensation expense1
28,922 20,862 
Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets2
5,723 2,889 
Add: Acquisition-related expenses3
— 1,168 
Add: Litigation-related expenses4
115 103 
Non-GAAP (loss) income from operations$(5,619)$1,906 
GAAP net loss$(44,999)$(29,845)
Add: Stock-based compensation expense1
28,922 20,862 
Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets2
5,723 2,889 
Add: Acquisition-related expenses3
— 1,168 
Add: Litigation-related expenses4
115 103 
Add: Amortization of debt issuance costs979 658 
Add: Induced conversion expense— 2,740 
Non-GAAP net loss$(9,260)$(1,425)
Reconciliation of net loss per share, basic and diluted
GAAP net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.78)$(0.56)
Non-GAAP adjustments to net loss0.62 0.53 
Non-GAAP net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.16)$(0.03)
Weighted average shares used in GAAP per share calculation, basic and diluted57,724,82152,904,881
1 Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Cost of revenue$2,090 $1,554 



Research and development13,024 7,815 
Sales and marketing6,774 5,746 
General and administrative7,034 5,747 
2 Includes amortization of acquired intangible assets as follows:
Cost of revenue$4,844 $2,741 
Sales and marketing684 103 
General and administrative195 45 
3 Includes acquisition-related expenses as follows:
Sales and marketing— 122 
General and administrative— 1,046 
4 Includes litigation-related expenses as follows:
General and administrative$115 $103 




RAPID7, INC.
Reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted EBITDA (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
 
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
GAAP net loss$(44,999)$(29,845)
Interest income(112)(96)
Interest expense2,693 5,394 
Other (income) expense, net603 1,068 
Provision for income taxes1,436 363 
Depreciation expense3,303 2,994 
Amortization of intangible assets6,866 3,746 
Stock-based compensation expense28,922 20,862 
Acquisition-related expenses— 1,168 
Litigation-related expenses115 103 
Adjusted EBITDA$(1,173)$5,757 


RAPID7, INC.
Reconciliation of Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities to Free Cash Flow (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
 
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20222021
Net cash provided by operating activities$10,403 $20,595 
Less: Purchases of property and equipment(3,053)(972)
Less: Capitalized internal-use software costs(3,522)(1,758)
Free cash flow$3,828 $17,865 










Second Quarter and Full-Year 2022 Guidance
GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation    
(in millions, except per share data)
Second Quarter 2022Full-Year 2022
Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP income from operations:
Anticipated GAAP loss from operations$(39)to$(37)$(136)to$(129)
Add: Anticipated stock-based compensation expense33 to33 131 to131 
Add: Anticipated amortization of acquired intangible assetsto22 to22 
Anticipated non-GAAP income from operations$$$17 $24 
Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP net (loss) income:
Anticipated GAAP net loss$(44)to$(42)$(154)to$(147)
Add: Anticipated stock-based compensation expense33 to33 131 to131 
Add: Anticipated amortization of acquired intangible assetsto22 to22 
Add: Anticipated amortization of debt issuance coststoto
Anticipated non-GAAP net (loss) income$(4)$(2)$$10 
Anticipated GAAP net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.75)$(0.71)$(2.61)$(2.50)
Anticipated non-GAAP net (loss) income per share, basic and diluted$(0.07)$(0.03)$0.05 $0.16 
Weighted average shares used in GAAP per share calculation, basic and diluted58.858.9
Weighted average shares used in non-GAAP per share calculation
Basic 58.858.9
Diluted58.860.9
The reconciliation does not reflect any items that are unknown at this time, such as litigation-related expenses, which we are not able to predict without unreasonable effort due to their inherent uncertainty. As a result, the estimates shown for Anticipated GAAP loss from operations, Anticipated GAAP net loss and Anticipated GAAP net loss per share are expected to change.
Full-Year 2022
Reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow:
Net cash provided by operating activities$80 to$85 
Purchases of property and equipment(25)to(25)
Capitalized internal-use software costs(15)to(15)
Free cash flow$40 $45