Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended
Commission file
March 31, 2024
number
1-5805
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
13-2624428
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. employer identification no.)
383 Madison Avenue,
New York,
New York
10179
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 270-6000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock
JPM
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 5.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series DD
JPM PR D
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 6.00% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series EE
JPM PR C
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series GG
JPM PR J
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.55% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series JJ
JPM PR K
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series LL
JPM PR L
The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.20% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series MM
JPM PR M
The New York Stock Exchange
Alerian MLP Index ETNs due May 24, 2024
AMJ
NYSE Arca, Inc.
Guarantee of Callable Fixed Rate Notes due June 10, 2032 of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
JPM/32
The New York Stock Exchange
Guarantee of Alerian MLP Index ETNs due January 28, 2044 of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
AMJB
NYSE Arca, Inc.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reportsrequired to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that theregistrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to suchfiling requirements for the past 90 days. ☒Yes☐No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒Yes☐No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐Yes☒No
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2024: 2,871,667,879
As of or for the period ended, (in millions, except per share, ratio, employee data and where otherwise noted)
1Q24
4Q23
3Q23
2Q23
1Q23
Selected income statement data
Total net revenue
$
41,934
$
38,574
$
39,874
$
41,307
$
38,349
Total noninterest expense
22,757
24,486
21,757
20,822
20,107
Pre-provision profit(a)
19,177
14,088
18,117
20,485
18,242
Provision for credit losses
1,884
2,762
1,384
2,899
2,275
Income before income tax expense
17,293
11,326
16,733
17,586
15,967
Income tax expense
3,874
2,019
3,582
3,114
3,345
Net income
$
13,419
$
9,307
$
13,151
$
14,472
$
12,622
Earnings per share data
Net income: Basic
$
4.45
$
3.04
$
4.33
$
4.76
$
4.11
Diluted
4.44
3.04
4.33
4.75
4.10
Average shares: Basic
2,908.3
2,914.4
2,927.5
2,943.8
2,968.5
Diluted
2,912.8
2,919.1
2,932.1
2,948.3
2,972.7
Market and per common share data
Market capitalization
575,195
489,320
419,254
422,661
380,803
Common shares at period-end
2,871.6
2,876.6
2,891.0
2,906.1
2,922.3
Book value per share
106.81
104.45
100.30
98.11
94.34
Tangible book value per share (“TBVPS”)(a)
88.43
86.08
82.04
79.90
76.69
Cash dividends declared per share
1.15
1.05
1.05
1.00
1.00
Selected ratios and metrics
Return on common equity (“ROE”)(b)
17
%
12
%
18
%
20
%
18
%
Return on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”)(a)(b)
21
15
22
25
23
Return on assets(b)
1.36
0.95
1.36
1.51
1.38
Overhead ratio
54
63
55
50
52
Loans-to-deposits ratio
54
55
55
54
47
Firm Liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”) (average)
112
113
112
112
114
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. LCR (average)
129
129
123
129
140
Common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio (c)(d)
15.0
15.0
14.3
13.8
13.8
Tier 1 capital ratio(c)(d)
16.4
16.6
15.9
15.4
15.4
Total capital ratio(c)(d)
18.2
18.5
17.8
17.3
17.4
Tier 1 leverage ratio(c)
7.2
7.2
7.1
6.9
6.9
Supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”)(c)
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.9
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Trading assets
$
754,409
$
540,607
$
601,993
$
636,996
$
578,892
Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
570,679
571,552
585,380
612,203
610,075
Loans
1,309,616
1,323,706
1,310,059
1,300,069
1,128,896
Total assets
4,090,727
3,875,393
3,898,333
3,868,240
3,744,305
Deposits
2,428,409
2,400,688
2,379,526
2,398,962
2,377,253
Long-term debt
395,872
391,825
362,793
364,078
295,489
Common stockholders’ equity
306,737
300,474
289,967
285,112
275,678
Total stockholders’ equity
336,637
327,878
317,371
312,516
303,082
Employees
311,921
309,926
308,669
300,066
296,877
Credit quality metrics
Allowances for credit losses
$
24,695
$
24,765
$
24,155
$
24,288
$
22,774
Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans
1.77
%
1.75
%
1.73
%
1.75
%
1.85
%
Nonperforming assets
$
8,265
$
7,597
$
8,131
$
7,838
$
7,418
Net charge-offs
1,956
2,164
1,497
1,411
1,137
Net charge-off rate
0.62
%
0.68
%
0.47
%
0.47
%
0.43
%
Since the second quarter of 2023, the results of the Firm include the impact of First Republic. Refer to Business Segment Results on page 20 and Note 26 for additional information.
(a)Pre-provision profit, TBVPS and ROTCE are each non-GAAP financial measures. Tangible common equity (“TCE”) is also a non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 16-17 for a further discussion of these measures.
(b)Ratios are based upon annualized amounts.
(c)The ratios reflect the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) capital transition provisions. Refer to Note 21 of this Form 10-Q and Note 27 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
(d)Reflects the Firm’s ratios under the Basel III Standardized approach. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 38-43 for additional information.
3
INTRODUCTION
The following is Management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”) for the first quarter of 2024.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the first quarter of 2024 (“Form 10-Q”) should be read together with JPMorgan Chase’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”). Refer to the Glossary of terms and acronyms and line of business metrics on pages 176-184 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout this Form 10-Q.
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management, speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Refer to Forward-looking Statements on page 82of this Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 9-33 of the 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of certain of those risks and uncertainties and the factors that could cause JPMorgan Chase’s actual results to differ materially because of those risks and uncertainties. There is no assurance that actual results will be in line with any outlook information set forth herein, and the Firm does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading financial services firm based in the United States of America (“U.S.”), with operations worldwide. JPMorgan Chase had $4.1 trillion in assets and $336.6 billion in stockholders’ equity as of March 31, 2024. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. Under the J.P. Morgan and Chase brands, the Firm serves millions of customers, predominantly in the U.S., and many of the world’s most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients globally.
JPMorgan Chase’s principal bank subsidiary is JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.”), a national banking association with U.S. branches in 48 states and Washington, D.C. JPMorgan Chase’s principal non-bank subsidiary is J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“J.P. Morgan Securities”), a U.S. broker-dealer. The bank and non-bank subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase operate nationally as well as through overseas branches and subsidiaries, representative offices and subsidiary foreign banks. The Firm’s principal operating subsidiaries outside the U.S. are J.P. Morgan Securities plc and J.P. Morgan SE (“JPMSE”), which are subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and are based in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Germany, respectively.
For management reporting purposes, the Firm’s activities are organized into four major reportable business segments, as well as a Corporate segment. The Firm’s consumer business is the Consumer & Community Banking (“CCB”) segment. The Firm’s wholesale businesses are the Corporate & Investment Bank (“CIB”), Commercial Banking (“CB”), and Asset & Wealth Management (“AWM”) segments. Refer to Business Segment Results on pages 18-36 and Note 25 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K, for a description of the Firm’s business segments and the products and services they provide to their respective client bases. As a result of the organizational changes announced on January 25, 2024, the Firm will be reorganizing its business segments to reflect the manner in which the segments will be managed. The reorganization of the business segments will be effective in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Recent events on page 52 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the “First Republic acquisition”) from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). All references in this Form 10-Q to “excluding First Republic,” “including First Republic,” “associated with First Republic” or “attributable to First Republic” refer to excluding or including the relevant effects of the First Republic acquisition, as well as subsequent related business and activities, as applicable. Refer to Note 26 for additional information.
The Firm's website is www.jpmorganchase.com. JPMorgan Chase makes available on its website, free of charge, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after it electronically files or furnishes such material to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) at www.sec.gov. JPMorgan Chase makes new and important information about the Firm available on its website at https://www.jpmorganchase.com, including on the Investor Relations section of its website at https://www.jpmorganchase.com/ir. Information on the Firm's website, including documents on the website that are referenced in this Form 10-Q, is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q or the Firm’s other filings with the SEC.
4
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
This executive overview of the MD&A highlights selected information and does not contain all of the information that is important to readers of this Form 10-Q. For a complete description of the trends and uncertainties, as well as the risks and critical accounting estimates affecting the Firm, this Form 10-Q and the 2023 Form 10-K should be read together and in their entirety.
Financial performance of JPMorgan Chase
(unaudited)
As of or for the period ended,
(in millions, except per share data and ratios)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Change
Selected income statement data
Noninterest revenue
$
18,852
$
17,638
7
%
Net interest income
23,082
20,711
11
Total net revenue
41,934
38,349
9
Total noninterest expense
22,757
20,107
13
Pre-provision profit
19,177
18,242
5
Provision for credit losses
1,884
2,275
(17)
Net income
13,419
12,622
6
Diluted earnings per share
4.44
4.10
8
Selected ratios and metrics
Return on common equity
17
%
18
%
Return on tangible common equity
21
23
Book value per share
$
106.81
$
94.34
13
Tangible book value per share
88.43
76.69
15
Capital ratios(a)(b)
CET1 capital
15.0
%
13.8
%
Tier 1 capital
16.4
15.4
Total capital
18.2
17.4
Memo:
NII excluding Markets(c)
$
23,020
$
20,936
10
NIR excluding Markets(c)
11,546
10,018
15
Markets(c)
7,982
8,382
(5)
Total net revenue - managed basis
$
42,548
$
39,336
8
As of and for the period ended March 31, 2024, the results of the Firm include the impact of First Republic. Refer to page 20 and Note 26 for additional information.
(a)The ratios reflect the CECL capital transition provisions. Refer to Note 21 of this Form 10-Q and Note 27 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
(b)Reflects the Firm’s ratios under the Basel III Standardized approach. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 38-43 for additional information.
(c)NII and NIR refer to net interest income and noninterest revenue, respectively. Markets consists of CIB's Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets businesses.
Comparisons noted in the sections below are for the first quarter of 2024 versus the first quarter of 2023, unless otherwise specified.
Firmwide overview
For the first quarter of 2024, JPMorgan Chase reported net income of $13.4 billion, up 6%, earnings per share of $4.44, ROE of 17% and ROTCE of 21%. The Firm's results included a $725 million increase to the FDIC special assessment in Corporate.
•Total net revenue was $41.9 billion, up 9%, reflecting:
–Net interest income ("NII") of $23.1 billion, up 11%, driven by the acquisition of First Republic, the impact of balance sheet mix and higher rates, as well as higher revolving balances in Card Services, partially offset by deposit margin compression, and lower average deposit balances in CCB. NII excluding Markets was $23.0 billion, up 10%.
–Noninterest revenue ("NIR") was $18.9 billion, up 7%, driven by higher asset management fees, lower net investment securities losses in Treasury and CIO, the impact of First Republic and higher investment banking fees, partially offset by lower Markets noninterest revenue.
•Noninterest expense was $22.8 billion, up 13%, driven by higher compensation expense, including an increase in employees, the impact of First Republic and the $725 million increase to the FDIC special assessment in Corporate.
•The provision for credit losses was $1.9 billion, reflecting $2.0 billion of net charge-offs. Net charge-offs increased $819 million, predominantly driven by CCB, primarily Card Services.
The prior year included net charge-offs of $1.1 billion and a $1.1 billion net addition to the allowance for credit losses.
•The total allowance for credit losses was $24.7 billion at March 31, 2024. The Firm had an allowance for loan losses to retained loans coverage ratio of 1.77%, compared with 1.85% in the prior year.
•The Firm’s nonperforming assets totaled $8.3 billion at March 31, 2024, up 11%, driven by wholesale nonaccrual loans, which reflects downgrades in Real Estate, concentrated in Office, and the impact of First Republic. Refer to Wholesale Credit Portfolio and Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 58-66 and pages 54-57, respectively, for additional information.
•Firmwide average loans of $1.3 trillion were up 16%, predominantly driven by higher loans in CCB and CB, primarily as a result of First Republic.
5
•Firmwide average deposits of $2.4 trillion were up 2%, driven by:
–growth in CIB due to net issuances of structured notes as a result of client demand, and net inflows in Payments and Securities Services,
–the impact of First Republic, and
–an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives,
largely offset by
–a decline in CCB and AWM as clients seek higher-yielding investments; in CCB, the decline in deposits was also driven by increased customer spending; and in CB, the decline was due to continued deposit attrition.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 44-51 for additional information.
Selected capital and other metrics
•CET1 capital was $258 billion, and the Standardized and Advanced CET1 ratios were 15.0% and 15.3%, respectively.
•SLR was 6.1%.
•TBVPS grew 15%, ending the first quarter of 2024 at $88.43.
•As of March 31, 2024, the Firm had eligible end-of-period High Quality Liquid Assets (“HQLA”) of approximately $823 billion and unencumbered marketable securities with a fair value of approximately $673 billion, resulting in approximately $1.5 trillion of liquidity sources. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 44-51 for additional information.
Refer to Consolidated Results of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 10-12 and pages 13-14, respectively, for a further discussion of the Firm's results, including the provision for credit losses; and Business Segment Results on page 20; and Note 5 and 26 for additional information on the FDIC special assessment and the First Republic acquisition, respectively.
Pre-provision profit, ROTCE, TCE, TBVPS, NII and NIR excluding Markets, and total net revenue on a managed basis are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 16-17 for a further discussion of each of these measures.
6
Business segment highlights
Selected business metrics for each of the Firm’s four lines of business ("LOB") are presented below for the first quarter of 2024, and include the impact of First Republic, unless otherwise specified.
CCB
ROE 35%
•Average deposits down 3%, or down 7% excluding First Republic; client investment assets up 46%, or up 25% excluding First Republic
•Average loans up 27%, or up 6% excluding First Republic; Card Services net charge-off rate of 3.32%
•Debit and credit card sales volume(a) up 9%
•Active mobile customers(b) up 7%
CIB
ROE 18%
•#1 ranking for Global Investment Banking fees with 9.1% wallet share in 1Q24
•Markets revenue down 5%, with Fixed Income Markets down 7% and Equity Markets flat
CB
ROE 24%
•Gross Investment Banking and Markets(c) revenue of $913 million, up 4%
•Average loans up 17%, or up 1% excluding First Republic; average deposits flat, or down 3% excluding First Republic
AWM
ROE 33%
•Assets under management ("AUM") of $3.6 trillion, up 19%
•Average loans up 6%, or up 1% excluding First Republic; average deposits up 2%, or down 4% excluding First Republic
(a)Excludes Commercial Card.
(b)Users of all mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days. Excludes First Republic.
(c)Includes gross revenues earned by the Firm that are subject to a revenue sharing arrangement between CB and the CIB for Investment Banking and Markets products sold to CB clients. This includes revenues related to fixed income and equity markets products. Refer to page 65 of the Firm’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of revenue sharing.
Refer to the Business Segment Results on pages 18-36 for a detailed discussion of results by business segment.
Credit provided and capital raised
JPMorgan Chase continues to support consumers, businesses and communities around the globe. The Firm provided new and renewed credit and raised capital for wholesale and consumer clients during the first three months of 2024, consisting of approximately:
$655 billion
Total credit provided and capital raised (including loans and commitments)
$55
billion
Credit for consumers
$10
billion
Credit for U.S. small businesses
$575 billion
Credit and capital for corporations and non-U.S. government entities(a)
$15
billion
Credit and capital for nonprofit and U.S. government entities(b)
(a)Credit and capital for corporations and non-U.S. government entities include Individuals and Individual Entities primarily consisting of Global Private Bank clients within AWM.
(b)Includes states, municipalities, hospitals and universities.
7
Recent events
•On April 8, 2024, JPMorgan Chase announced that two of its directors, Timothy P. Flynn and Michael A. Neal, had decided to retire from the Board of Directors of the Firm when their terms expire.
•On April 8, 2024, Visa commenced an initial exchange offer expiring on May 3, 2024, for any and all outstanding shares of Visa Class B-1 common stock (“Visa B-1 shares”). Holders participating in the exchange offer would receive a combination of Visa Class B-2 common stock (“Visa B-2 shares”) and Visa Class C common stock (“Visa C shares”) in exchange for Visa B-1 shares that are validly tendered and accepted for exchange by Visa. The Firm has tendered its 37.2 million Visa B-1 shares, and that tender is pending Visa’s acceptance. Upon acceptance by Visa of the Firm’s tender, the Visa C shares received by the Firm would be recognized at fair value, which is expected to result in a gain that may be recorded as early as the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.
Outlook
These current expectations are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management, speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q, and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Refer to Forward-Looking Statements on page 82of this Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 9-33 of the 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of certain of those risks and uncertainties and the other factors that could cause JPMorgan Chase’s actual results to differ materially because of those risks and uncertainties. There is no assurance that actual results in 2024 will be in line with the outlook information set forth below, and the Firm does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements.
JPMorgan Chase’s current outlook for full-year 2024 should be viewed against the backdrop of the global and U.S. economies,financial markets activity, the geopolitical environment, the competitive environment, client and customer activity levels, and regulatory and legislative developments in the U.S. and other countries where the Firm does business. Each of these factors will affect the performance of the Firm. The Firm will continue to make appropriate adjustments to its businesses and operations in response to ongoing developments in the business, economic, regulatory and legal environments in which it operates.
Full-year 2024
•Management expects net interest income to be approximately $90 billion and net interest income excluding Markets to be approximately $89 billion, market dependent.
•Management expects adjusted expense to be approximately $91 billion, market dependent.
•Management expects the net charge-off rate in Card Services to be less than 3.50%.
Net interest income excluding Markets and adjusted expense are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 16-17.
8
Business Developments
First Republic acquisition
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the "First Republic acquisition") from the FDIC, as receiver.
JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the period ended March 31, 2024 reflect the impact of First Republic. Where meaningful to the disclosure, the impact of the First Republic acquisition, as well as subsequent related business and activities, are disclosed in various sections of this Form 10-Q. The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate clients, products and services, associated with the First Republic acquisition to align with the Firm’s businesses and operations. The Firm expects that these actions will be largely completed by the end of 2024.
Refer to Note 26 and page 20 for additional information related to First Republic.
Regulatory developments
On March 5, 2024, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau issued a final rule that lowers the threshold at or below which large credit card issuers, including the Firm, can charge late fees to customers on a "safe harbor" basis. The final rule also eliminates an automatic annual inflation adjustment for large credit card issuers. The effective date of this rule is May 14, 2024. The Firm does not expect a material impact to Firmwide net interest income.
9
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section provides a comparative discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Results of Operations on a reported basis for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, unless otherwise specified. Factors that relate primarily to a single business segment are discussed in more detail within that business segment's results. Refer to pages 78-80 of this Form 10-Q and pages 155–158 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm that affect the Consolidated Results of Operations.
Revenue
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Change
Investment banking fees
$
1,954
$
1,649
18
%
Principal transactions
6,790
7,615
(11)
Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,902
1,620
17
Asset management fees
4,146
3,465
20
Commissions and other fees
1,805
1,695
6
Investment securities losses
(366)
(868)
58
Mortgage fees and related income
275
221
24
Card income
1,218
1,234
(1)
Other income(a)(b)
1,128
1,007
12
Noninterest revenue
18,852
17,638
7
Net interest income
23,082
20,711
11
Total net revenue
$
41,934
$
38,349
9
%
(a) Included operating lease income of $672 million and $755 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(b) Effective January 1, 2024, as a result of adopting updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance, the amortization of certain of the Firm’s alternative energy tax-oriented investments that was previously recognized in other income is now being recognized in income tax expense. Refer to Notes 1, 5 and 13 for additional information.
Quarterly results
Investment banking fees increased, reflecting in CIB:
•higher underwriting fees that benefited from improved market conditions, and consisted of
–an increase in debt underwriting fees predominantly driven by higher industry-wide issuance in leveraged loans and high-yield bonds, as well as higher issuance in high grade bonds reflecting wallet share gains, and
–an increase in equity underwriting fees driven by IPO and convertible securities offerings, reflecting wallet share gains,
partially offset by
•lower advisory fees driven by a lower number of large completed transactions.
Refer to CIB segment results on pages 24-28 and Note 5 for additional information.
Principal transactions revenue decreased, reflecting in CIB the net impact of:
•lower Fixed Income Markets revenue in Rates and Commodities, partially offset by higher revenue in Securitized Products,
•higher Equity Markets revenue in Equity Derivatives and Prime Finance, and
•lower losses of $15 million in Credit Adjustments & Other compared with losses of $153 million in the prior year.
Principal transactions revenue in CIB generally has offsets across other revenue lines, including net interest income. The Firm assesses the performance of its Markets business on a total net revenue basis.
Refer to CIB results on pages 24-28 and Note 5 for additional information.
Lending- and deposit-related fees increased, reflecting:
•higher lending-related revenue predominantly driven by the amortization of the purchase discount on certain acquired lending-related commitments associated with First Republic, predominantly in AWM and CB, and
•higher other lending- and deposit-related fees in CIB and CB.
Refer to CIB, CB and AWM segment results on pages 24-28, pages 29-31 and pages 32-34, respectively, and Note 5 for additional information.
Asset management feesincreased driven by strong net inflows and higher average market levels in AWM and CCB, as well as the impact of First Republic in CCB. Refer to CCB and AWM segment results on pages 21-23 and pages 32-34, respectively, and Note 5 for additional information.
Commissions and other fees increased predominantly due to higher commissions from annuity sales in CCB and higher custody fees associated with a higher level of assets under custody in CIB. Refer to CCB and CIB Segment results on pages 21-23 and pages 24-28, respectively, and Note 5 for additional information.
Investment securities losses reflected lower net losses on sales of U.S. GSE, government agency MBS and U.S. Treasuries associated with repositioning the investment securities portfolio in Treasury and CIO. Refer to Corporate segment results on pages 35-36 and Note 9 for additional information.
Mortgage fees and related income increased in Home Lending, reflecting higher production revenue, which included the impact of First Republic. Refer to CCB segment results on pages 21-23 and Notes 5 and 14 for additional information.
Card income decreased due to an increase in new account origination costs, largely offset by higher annual fees, reflecting continued growth in the portfolio, in CCB.
Refer to CCB and CB segment results on pages 21-23 and page 29, respectively, and Note 5 for additional information.
10
Other income increased predominantly driven by the adoption of updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance on January 1, 2024, resulting in the amortization of certain of the Firm's alternative energy tax-oriented investments previously recognized in other income now being recognized in income tax expense.
The prior year included net valuation gains in AWM, including $339 million on the original minority interest in China International Fund Management (“CIFM”).
Refer to AWM segment results on pages 32-34 for additional information on CIFM; Notes 1, 5 and 13 for additional information on the adoption of updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance.
Net interest income increased, driven by the acquisition of First Republic, the impact of balance sheet mix and higher rates, as well as higher revolving balances in Card Services, partially offset by deposit margin compression reflecting higher rates paid across the LOBs, and lower average deposit balances in CCB.
The Firm’s average interest-earning assets were $3.4 trillion, up $229 billion, and the yield was 5.55%, up 87 basis points (“bps”). The net yield on these assets, on an FTE basis, was 2.71%, an increase of 8 bps. The net yield excluding Markets was 3.83%, up 3 bps.
Refer to the Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates schedule on page 175 for further information. Net yield excluding Markets is a non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 16-17 for a further discussion of net yield excluding Markets.
Provision for credit losses
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Change
Consumer, excluding credit card
$
77
$
248
(69)
%
Credit card
1,837
1,222
50
Total consumer
1,914
1,470
30
Wholesale
(56)
804
NM
Investment securities
26
1
NM
Total provision for credit losses
$
1,884
$
2,275
(17)
%
Quarterly results
The provision for credit losses was $1.9 billion, reflecting $2.0 billion of net charge-offs, an increase of $819 million, predominantly driven by Card Services, as the portfolio continued to normalize.
The allowance for credit losses was relatively flat, reflecting:
•a net reduction in the allowance of $142 million in wholesale, which included a net addition to the allowance for credit losses associated with net downgrade activity, largely in Real Estate, primarily in CB, which was more than offset by the net impact of changes in the loan and lending-related commitment portfolios, as well as updates to certain macroeconomic variables, and
•a net addition of $44 million in consumer, consisting of $153 million in Card Services, predominantly offset by a $125 million net reduction in Home Lending.
The provision in the prior year was $2.3 billion, reflecting a $1.1 billion net addition to the allowance for credit losses and net charge-offs of $1.1 billion.
Refer to CCB segment results on pages 21-23, CIB on pages 24-28, CB on pages 29-31, AWM on pages 32-34, Corporate on pages 35-36; Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 67-69; Notes 9 and 12 for additional information on the credit portfolio and the allowance for credit losses.
11
Noninterest expense
(in millions)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Change
Compensation expense
$
13,118
$
11,676
12
%
Noncompensation expense:
Occupancy
1,211
1,115
9
Technology, communications and equipment(a)
2,421
2,184
11
Professional and outside services
2,548
2,448
4
Marketing
1,160
1,045
11
Other expense(b)
2,299
1,639
40
Total noncompensation expense
9,639
(c)
8,431
14
Total noninterest expense
$
22,757
$
20,107
13
%
(a)Includes depreciation expense associated with auto operating lease assets.
(b)Included Firmwide legal (benefit)/expense of $(72) million and $176 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively; as well as FDIC-related expense of $973 million and $317 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Refer to Note 5 for additional information.
(c)Included the impact of First Republic of $454 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Refer to Business Segment Results on page 20 for additional information.
Quarterly results
Compensation expenseincreased driven by:
•an increase in employees, primarily in front office and technology,
•the impact of First Republic, predominantly in CCB and Corporate, and
•higher volume- and revenue-related compensation, predominantly in CCB and AWM.
Noncompensation expense increased as a result of:
•the $725 million increase to the FDIC special assessment in Corporate,
•the impact of First Republic in CCB and Corporate, and
•higher investments in technology and marketing in CCB,
partially offset by
•lower legal expense in CIB.
Refer to Business Segment Results on page 20 and Note 26 for additional information on First Republic; Note 5 for additional information on other expense.
Income tax expense
(in millions)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Change
Income before income tax expense
$
17,293
$
15,967
8
%
Income tax expense
3,874
(a)
3,345
16
Effective tax rate
22.4
%
20.9
%
(a)Effective January 1, 2024, as a result of adopting updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance, the amortization of certain of the Firm’s alternative energy tax-oriented investments is now being recognized in income tax expense. Refer to Notes 1, 5 and 13 for additional information.
Quarterly results
The effective tax rate increased driven by:
•the adoption of updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance on January 1, 2024, resulting in an increase to income tax expense of approximately $450 million,
partially offset by
•higher benefits related to the vesting of employee share-based awards in the current period as a result of the Firm's higher share price.
The prior year included tax benefits from changes in the level and mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal, state and local taxes.
12
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AND CASH FLOWS ANALYSIS
Consolidated balance sheets analysis
The following is a discussion of the significant changes between March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Refer to pages 155–158 for a discussion of the Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm that affect the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Selected Consolidated balance sheets data
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Change
Assets
Cash and due from banks
$
22,750
$
29,066
(22)
%
Deposits with banks
539,366
595,085
(9)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
330,559
276,152
20
Securities borrowed
198,336
200,436
(1)
Trading assets
754,409
540,607
40
Available-for-sale securities
236,152
201,704
17
Held-to-maturity securities
334,527
369,848
(10)
Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
570,679
571,552
—
Loans
1,309,616
1,323,706
(1)
Allowance for loan losses
(22,351)
(22,420)
—
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
1,287,265
1,301,286
(1)
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
129,823
107,363
21
Premises and equipment
30,279
30,157
—
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets
64,374
64,381
—
Other assets
162,887
159,308
2
Total assets
$
4,090,727
$
3,875,393
6
%
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks decreased driven by CIB Markets activities and cash deployment in Treasury and CIO.
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements increased driven by Markets, reflecting higher client-driven market-making activities and higher demand for securities to cover short positions, as well as when compared with seasonally lower levels at year-end. Refer to Note 10 for additional information on securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed.
Trading assets increased due to:
•higher levels of equity and debt instruments in Markets, reflecting strong client-driven market-making activities, and when compared with seasonally lower levels at year-end, and to a lesser extent
•higher short-term cash deployment in Treasury and CIO.
Refer to Notes 2 and 4 for additional information.
Investment securities was relatively flat, reflecting:
•lower HTM securities as a result of maturities and paydowns, and
•higher available-for-sale ("AFS") securities, reflecting net purchases, partially offset by maturities and paydowns.
Refer to Corporate segment results on pages 35-36, Investment Portfolio Risk Management on page 70, and Notes 2 and 9 for additional information.
Loans decreased, reflecting:
•a reduction in Card Services due to the impact of seasonality,
•a decline in Home Lending as sales outpaced originations, and
•lower wholesale loans in AWM due to paydowns.
The allowance for loan losses was relatively flat, reflecting:
•a net reduction of $92 million in wholesale, which included a net addition to the allowance associated with net downgrade activity, largely in Real Estate, primarily in CB, which was more than offset by the impact of changes in the loan portfolios as well as updates to certain macroeconomic variables, and
•a net addition of $23 million in consumer, consisting of $153 million in Card Services, predominantly offset by a $146 million net reduction in Home Lending.
There was also a $58 million net reduction in the allowance for lending-related commitments recognized in other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Refer to Consolidated Results of Operations and Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 10-12 and pages 52-70, and Notes 2, 3, 11 and 12 for additional information on loans and the total allowance for credit losses; and Business Segment Results on page 20 and Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
13
Accrued interest and accounts receivable increased predominantly driven by higher client receivables related to client-driven activities in Markets.
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets: refer to Note 14 for additional information on goodwill, mortgage servicing rights and other intangible assets.
Selected Consolidated balance sheets data (continued)
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Change
Liabilities
Deposits
$
2,428,409
$
2,400,688
1
%
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
325,670
216,535
50
Short-term borrowings
46,268
44,712
3
Trading liabilities
228,327
180,428
27
Accounts payable and other liabilities
301,469
290,307
4
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”)
28,075
23,020
22
Long-term debt
395,872
391,825
1
Total liabilities
3,754,090
3,547,515
6
Stockholders’ equity
336,637
327,878
3
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
4,090,727
$
3,875,393
6
%
Depositsincreased, reflecting the net impact of:
•higher balances in CIB, driven by net inflows related to client-driven activities in Paymentsand Securities Services,
•an increase in CCB due to new accounts and seasonal inflows,largely offset by a decline in deposits in existing accounts due to migration into higher-yielding investments,
•a decrease in AWM due to continued migration into higher-yielding investments, partially offset by an increase in deposits in existing accounts due to a change in product offerings associated with First Republic, and
•a decrease in CB primarily due to seasonal outflows and continued deposit attrition, largely offset by the realignment of additional clients associated with First Republic from CCB to CB that began in the fourth quarter of 2023.
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements increased driven by Markets, reflecting higher client-driven market-making activities and higher secured financing of trading assets, as well as when compared with seasonally lower levels at year-end.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 44-51 for additional information on deposits, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, and short-term borrowings; Notes 2 and 15 for deposits and Note 10 for federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements; Business Segment Results on page 20 and Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Trading liabilitiesincreased due to higher levels of short positions in debt instruments in Fixed Income Markets, reflecting client-driven market-making activities, and when compared with seasonally lower levels at year-end. Refer to Notes 2 and 4 for additional information.
Accounts payable and other liabilities increased predominantly due to higher client payables related to client-driven activities in Markets.
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs increased driven by:
•higher levels of Firm-administered multi-seller conduit commercial paper held by third parties in CIB, reflecting changes in the Firm’s short-term liquidity management, and
•the issuance of credit card securitizations in Treasury and CIO.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 44-51 and Notes 13 and 22 for additional information, specifically Firm-sponsored VIEs and loan securitization trusts.
Long-term debt increased driven by issuances in Treasury and CIO, predominantly offset by maturities. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 44-51; and Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Stockholders’ equity: refer to Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity on page 86,Capital Actions on page 42, and Note 19 for additional information.
14
Consolidated cash flows analysis
The following is a discussion of cash flow activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
(in millions)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Net cash provided by/(used in)
Operating activities
$
(154,158)
$
(111,241)
Investing activities
(43,379)
23,794
Financing activities
141,168
64,557
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
(5,666)
1,656
Net decrease in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks
$
(62,035)
$
(21,234)
Operating activities
•In 2024, cash used resulted from higher trading assets and higher accrued interest and accounts receivable, partially offset by higher trading liabilities, accounts payable and other liabilities, and lower other assets.
•In 2023, cash used resulted from higher trading assets and lower accounts payable and other liabilities, partially offset by lower other assets and accrued interest and accounts receivable.
Investing activities
•In 2024, cash used resulted from higher securities purchased under resale agreements, partially offset by proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans held-for-investment.
•In 2023, cash provided primarily reflected net proceeds from investment securities.
Financing activities
•In 2024, cash provided reflected higher securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, higher deposits, net proceeds from long- and short-term borrowings and proceeds from the issuance of preferred stock.
•In 2023, cash provided reflected higher securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements and deposits, partially offset by net payments on long- and short-term borrowings.
•For both periods, cash was used for repurchases of common stock and cash dividends on common and preferred stock.
* * *
Refer to Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 13-14, Capital Risk Management on pages 38-43, and Liquidity Risk Management on pages 44-51, and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows on page 87 of this Form 10-Q, and pages 102–109 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the activities affecting the Firm’s cash flows.
15
EXPLANATION AND RECONCILIATION OF THE FIRM’S USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The Firm prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and this presentation is referred to as “reported” basis; these financial statements appear on pages 83-87.
In addition to analyzing the Firm’s results on a reported basis, the Firm also reviews and uses certain non-GAAP financial measures at the Firmwide and segment level. These non-GAAP measures include:
•Firmwide “managed” basis results, including the overhead ratio, which include certain reclassifications to present total net revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities (“FTE” basis). The corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense. These adjustments have no impact on net income as reported by the Firm as a whole or by the LOBs;
•Pre-provision profit, which represents total net revenue less total noninterest expense;
•Net interest income, net yield, and noninterest revenue excluding Markets;
•TCE, ROTCE, and TBVPS;
•Adjusted expense, which represents noninterest expense excluding Firmwide legal expense; and
•Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits.
Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use Of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 62–64 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of management’s use of non-GAAP financial measures.
The following summary tables provide a reconciliation from the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results to managed basis.
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Reported
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(b)
Managed basis
Reported
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(b)
Managed basis
Other income
$
1,128
(a)
$
493
(a)
$
1,621
$
1,007
$
867
$
1,874
Total noninterest revenue
18,852
493
19,345
17,638
867
18,505
Net interest income
23,082
121
23,203
20,711
120
20,831
Total net revenue
41,934
614
42,548
38,349
987
39,336
Total noninterest expense
22,757
NA
22,757
20,107
NA
20,107
Pre-provision profit
19,177
614
19,791
18,242
987
19,229
Provision for credit losses
1,884
NA
1,884
2,275
NA
2,275
Income before income tax expense
17,293
614
17,907
15,967
987
16,954
Income tax expense
3,874
(a)
614
(a)
4,488
3,345
987
4,332
Net income
$
13,419
NA
$
13,419
$
12,622
NA
$
12,622
Overhead ratio
54
%
NM
53
%
52
%
NM
51
%
(a)Effective January 1, 2024, the Firm adopted updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance, under the modified retrospective method.Refer to Notes 1, 5 and 13 for additional information.
(b)Predominantly recognized in CIB, CB and Corporate.
16
The following table provides information on net interest income, net yield, and noninterest revenue excluding Markets.
(in millions, except rates)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Change
Net interest income – reported
$
23,082
$
20,711
11
%
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments
121
120
1
Net interest income – managed basis(a)
$
23,203
$
20,831
11
Less: Markets net interest income(b)
183
(105)
NM
Net interest income excluding Markets(a)
$
23,020
$
20,936
10
Average interest-earning assets
$
3,445,515
$
3,216,757
7
Less: Average Markets interest-earning assets(b)
1,031,075
982,572
5
Average interest-earning assets excluding Markets
$
2,414,440
$
2,234,185
8
Net yield on average interest-earning assets – managed basis
2.71
%
2.63
%
Net yield on average Markets interest-earning assets(b)
0.07
(0.04)
Net yield on average interest-earning assets excluding Markets
3.83
%
3.80
%
Noninterest revenue – reported(c)
$
18,852
$
17,638
7
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(c)
493
867
(43)
Noninterest revenue – managed basis
$
19,345
$
18,505
5
Less: Markets noninterest revenue(b)
7,799
8,487
(8)
Noninterest revenue excluding Markets
$
11,546
$
10,018
15
Memo: Total Markets net revenue(b)
$
7,982
$
8,382
(5)
(a)Interest includes the effect of related hedges. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(b)Refer to page 27 for further information on Markets.
(c)Effective January 1, 2024, the Firm adopted updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance, under the modified retrospective method.Refer to Notes 1, 5 and 13 for additional information.
The following summary table provides a reconciliation from the Firm’s common stockholders’ equity to TCE.
Period-end
Average
(in millions, except per share and ratio data)
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Common stockholders’ equity
$
306,737
$
300,474
$
300,277
$
271,197
Less: Goodwill
52,636
52,634
52,614
51,716
Less: Other intangible assets
3,133
3,225
3,157
1,296
Add: Certain deferred tax liabilities(a)
2,981
2,996
2,988
2,549
Tangible common equity
$
253,949
$
247,611
$
247,494
$
220,734
Return on tangible common equity
NA
NA
21
%
23
%
Tangible book value per share
$
88.43
$
86.08
NA
NA
(a)Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating TCE.
17
BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS
The Firm is managed on an LOB basis. There are four major reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset & Wealth Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment.
The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by the Firm’s Operating Committee. Segment results are presented on a managed basis.
As a result of the organizational changes announced on January 25, 2024, the Firm will be reorganizing its business segments to reflect the manner in which the segments will be managed. The reorganization of the business segments will be effective in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Recent events on page 52 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 16-17 for a definition of managed basis.
Description of business segment reporting methodology
Results of the business segments are intended to present each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. The management reporting process that derives business segment results includes the allocation of certain income and expense items. The Firm periodically assesses the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, and therefore further refinements may be implemented in future periods. The Firm also assesses the level of capital required for each LOB on at least an annual basis. The Firm’s LOBs also provide various business metrics which are utilized by the Firm and its investors and analysts in assessing performance.
Revenue sharing
When business segments or businesses within each segment join efforts to sell products and services to the Firm’s clients and customers, the participating businesses may agree to share revenue from those transactions. Revenue is generally recognized in the segment responsible for the related product or service, with allocations to the other segments/businesses involved in the transaction. The segment and business results reflect these revenue-sharing agreements.
Funds transfer pricing
Funds transfer pricing (“FTP”) is the process by which the Firm allocates interest income and expense to the LOBs and Other Corporate and transfers the primary interest rate risk and liquidity risk to Treasury and CIO.
The funds transfer pricing process considers the interest rate and liquidity risk characteristics of assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet products. Periodically the methodology and assumptions utilized in the FTP process are adjusted to reflect economic conditions and other factors, which may impact the allocation of net interest income to the segments.
Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange risk is transferred from the LOBs and Other Corporate to Treasury and CIO for certain revenues and expenses. Treasury and CIO manages these risks centrally and reports the impact of foreign exchange rate movements related to the transferred risk in its results. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 71-76 for additional information.
Capital allocation
The amount of capital assigned to each business segment is referred to as equity. At least annually, the assumptions, judgments and methodologies used to allocate capital are reassessed and, as a result, the capital allocated to the LOBs may change. Refer to Line of business equity on page 41, and page 98 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.
Refer to Business Segment Results – Description of business segment reporting methodology on pages 65–85 and Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of those methodologies.
18
Segment results – managed basis
The following tables summarize the Firm’s results by segment for the periods indicated.
Three months ended March 31,
Consumer & Community Banking
Corporate & Investment Bank
Commercial Banking
(in millions, except ratios)
2024
2023
Change
2024
2023
Change
2024
2023
Change
Total net revenue
$
17,653
$
16,456
7
%
$
13,633
$
13,600
—
%
$
3,951
$
3,511
13
%
Total noninterest expense
9,297
8,065
15
7,218
7,483
(4)
1,506
1,308
15
Pre-provision profit/(loss)
8,356
8,391
—
6,415
6,117
5
2,445
2,203
11
Provision for credit losses
1,913
1,402
36
32
58
(45)
(31)
417
NM
Net income/(loss)
4,831
5,243
(8)
4,753
4,421
8
1,869
1,347
39
Return on equity (“ROE”)
35
%
40
%
18
%
16
%
24
%
18
%
Three months ended March 31,
Asset & Wealth Management
Corporate
Total
(in millions, except ratios)
2024
2023
Change
2024
2023
Change
2024
2023
Change
Total net revenue
$
5,109
$
4,784
7
%
$
2,202
$
985
124%
$
42,548
$
39,336
8
%
Total noninterest expense
3,460
3,091
12
1,276
160
NM
22,757
20,107
13
Pre-provision profit/(loss)
1,649
1,693
(3)
926
825
12
19,791
19,229
3
Provision for credit losses
(57)
28
NM
27
370
(93)
1,884
2,275
(17)
Net income/(loss)
1,290
1,367
(6)
676
244
177
13,419
12,622
6
ROE
33
%
34
%
NM
NM
17
%
18
%
Selected Firmwide Metrics
The following tables present key metrics for Wealth Management, which consists of the Global Private Bank in AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management in CCB; and total revenue and key metrics for J.P. Morgan Payments, which consists of payments activities in CIB and CB. This presentation is intended to provide investors with additional information concerning Wealth Management and J.P. Morgan Payments, each of which consists of similar business activities conducted across LOBs to serve different types of clients and customers.
Selected metrics - Wealth Management
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Client assets (in billions)(a)
$
3,360
$
2,594
Number of client advisors
9,107
8,314
(a) Consists of Global Private Bank in AWM and client investment assets in J.P. Morgan Wealth Management in CCB.
Selected metrics - J.P. Morgan Payments
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Total net revenue(a)
$
4,465
$
4,458
Merchant processing volume (in billions)
604
559
Average deposits (in billions)
732
707
(a)Includes certain revenues that are reported as investment banking product revenue in CB, and excludes the net impact of equity investments.
19
Segment information related to First Republic
The following table presents selected impacts to CCB, CB, AWM and Corporate associated with First Republic as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2024
(in millions)
Consumer & Community Banking
Commercial Banking
Asset & Wealth Management
Corporate
Total
Selected Income Statement Data
Revenue
Asset management fees
$
133
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
133
All other income
146
54
69
(87)
(a)
182
Noninterest revenue
279
54
69
(87)
315
Net interest income
752
298
298
—
1,348
Total net revenue
1,031
352
367
(87)
1,663
Provision for credit losses
(9)
4
(26)
—
(31)
Noninterest expense
518
28
33
227
806
Net income
395
243
272
(242)
668
Selected Balance Sheet Data (period-end)
Loans
$
93,565
$
38,126
$
10,188
$
—
$
141,879
Deposits
40,525
8,343
14,904
—
63,772
(a)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, reflects measurement period adjustments, which reduced the estimated bargain purchase gain by $(16) million. Refer to Note 26 for additional information.
The following sections provide a comparative discussion of the Firm’s results by segment as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, unless otherwise specified.
20
CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING
Refer to pages 68-71 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on page 182 for a further discussion of the business profile of CCB.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)
2024
2023
Change
Revenue
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
822
$
823
—%
Asset management fees
947
(d)
676
40
Mortgage fees and related income
274
223
23
Card income
682
739
(8)
All other income(a)
1,220
(d)
1,162
5
Noninterest revenue
3,945
3,623
9
Net interest income
13,708
(d)
12,833
7
Total net revenue
17,653
16,456
7
Provision for credit losses
1,913
(d)
1,402
36
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
4,229
3,545
19
Noncompensation expense(b)
5,068
4,520
12
Total noninterest expense
9,297
(d)
8,065
15
Income before income tax expense
6,443
6,989
(8)
Income tax expense
1,612
1,746
(8)
Net income
$
4,831
$
5,243
(8)
Revenue by business
Banking & Wealth Management
$
10,324
(e)
$
10,041
3
Home Lending
1,186
(e)
720
65
Card Services & Auto
6,143
5,695
8
Mortgage fees and related income details:
Production revenue
130
75
73
Net mortgage servicing revenue(c)
144
148
(3)
Mortgage fees and related income
$
274
$
223
23%
Financial ratios
Return on equity
35
%
40
%
Overhead ratio
53
49
(a)Primarily includes operating lease income and commissions and other fees. Operating lease income was $665 million and $741 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(b)Included depreciation expense on leased assets of $427 million and $407 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(c)Included MSR risk management results of $(1) million and $(12) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(d)Includes First Republic. Refer to page 20 for additional information.
(e)Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending included revenue associated with First Republic of $639 million and $392 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Quarterly results
Net income was $4.8 billion, down 8%.
Net revenue was $17.7 billion, up 7%.
Net interest income was $13.7 billion, up 7%, driven by:
•higher Card Services NII, reflecting an increase in revolving balances, and
•the impact of First Republic in Home Lending,
partially offset by
•deposit margin compression, reflecting higher rates paid and lower average deposits in Banking & Wealth Management ("BWM").
Noninterest revenue was $3.9 billion, up 9%, driven by:
•higher asset management fees reflecting higher average market levels, strong net inflows and the impact of First Republic, as well as other service fees associated with First Republic, and higher commissions from annuity sales in BWM, and
•higher production revenue in Home Lending, which included the impact of First Republic,
partially offset by
•lower auto operating lease income, and
•lower card income driven by an increase in new account origination costs, largely offset by higher annual fees, reflecting continued growth in the portfolio. Net interchange income was relatively flat as the impact of increased debit and credit card sales volume was offset by higher reward costs and partner payments.
Refer to Note 5 for additional information on card income, asset management fees, and commissions and other fees; and Critical Accounting Estimates on pages 78-80 for credit card rewards liability.
Noninterest expense was $9.3 billion, up 15%, reflecting:
•higher compensation expense, predominantly driven by an increase in employees, including the impact of First Republic and in technology, as well as higher revenue-related compensation, primarily for bankers and advisors, and
•higher noncompensation expense, largely driven by the impact of First Republic and investments in marketing and technology.
Refer to Business Segment Results on page 20 and Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
The provision for credit losses was $1.9 billion, reflecting:
•net charge-offs of $1.9 billion, up $827 million, including $766 million in Card Services, reflecting continued portfolio normalization, and $50 million in Auto, driven by a decline in used vehicle valuations, and
21
•a $34 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses, consisting of:
–$153 million in Card Services, primarily due to seasoning of newer vintages, largely offset by reduced borrower uncertainty, and
–a $125 million net reduction in Home Lending, primarily due to improvements in the outlook for home prices.
The provision in the prior year was $1.4 billion, reflecting net charge-offs of $1.1 billion and a $350 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses, predominantly in Card Services.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 52-70 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 67-69 for a further discussion of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except employees)
2024
2023
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets
$
629,122
$
506,382
24
%
Loans:
Banking & Wealth
Management
31,266
(c)
28,038
12
Home Lending(a)
254,243
(c)
172,058
48
Card Services
206,823
180,079
15
Auto
76,508
69,556
10
Total loans
568,840
449,731
26
Deposits
1,105,583
(d)
1,147,474
(4)
Equity
54,500
52,000
5
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets
$
627,862
$
506,775
24
Loans:
Banking & Wealth
Management
31,241
(e)
28,504
10
Home Lending(b)
257,866
(e)
172,124
50
Card Services
204,701
180,451
13
Auto
77,268
68,744
12
Total loans
571,076
449,823
27
Deposits
1,079,243
(f)
1,112,967
(3)
Equity
54,500
52,000
5
Employees
142,758
135,983
5
%
(a)At March 31, 2024 and 2023, Home Lending loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were $4.8 billion and $4.2 billion, respectively.
(b)Average Home Lending loans held-for sale and loans at fair value were $4.7 billion and $3.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(c)At March 31, 2024, included $3.9 billion and $89.7 billion for Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending, respectively, associated with First Republic.
(d)Includes First Republic.
(e)Average Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending loans associated with First Republic were $4.0 billion and $90.2 billion, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
(f)Included $40.6 billion associated with First Republic for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
22
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratio data)
2024
2023
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Nonaccrual loans(a)
$
3,647
$
3,835
(5)%
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
Banking & Wealth Management
79
79
—
Home Lending
(7)
(18)
61
Card Services
1,688
922
83
Auto
119
69
72
Total net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
1,879
$
1,052
79
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
Banking & Wealth
Management
1.02
%
1.12
%
Home Lending
(0.01)
(0.04)
Card Services
3.32
2.07
Auto
0.62
0.41
Total net charge-off/(recovery) rate
1.33
%
0.96
%
30+ day delinquency rate
Home Lending(b)
0.70
%
0.81
%
Card Services
2.23
1.68
Auto
1.03
0.90
90+ day delinquency rate - Card Services
1.16
%
0.83
%
Allowance for loan losses
Banking & Wealth Management
$
706
$
720
(2)
Home Lending
432
(c)
427
1
Card Services
12,606
11,400
11
Auto
742
716
4
Total allowance for loan losses
$
14,486
$
13,263
(d)
9%
(a)At March 31, 2024 and 2023, nonaccrual loans excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $107 million and $164 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.
(b)At March 31, 2024 and 2023, excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $147 million and $219 million, respectively, that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(c)Includes First Republic.
(d)On January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted changes to the TDR accounting guidance. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a net decrease in the allowance for loan losses of $591 million, driven by residential real estate and credit card. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in billions, except ratios and where otherwise noted)
2024
2023
Change
Business Metrics
Number of branches
4,907
4,784
3%
Active digital customers (in thousands)(a)
68,496
(f)
64,998
5
Active mobile customers (in thousands)(b)
54,674
(f)
50,933
7
Debit and credit card sales volume
$
420.7
$
387.3
9
Total payments transaction volume (in trillions)(c)
1.5
(f)
1.4
7
Banking & Wealth Management
Average deposits
$
1,065.6
(g)
$
1,098.5
(3)
Deposit margin
2.71
%
2.78
%
Business Banking average loans
$
19.4
$
19.9
(2)
Business banking origination volume
1.1
1.0
10
Client investment assets(d)
1,010.3
690.8
46
Number of client advisors
5,571
5,125
9
Home Lending
Mortgage origination volume by channel
Retail
$
4.4
(h)
$
3.6
22
Correspondent
2.2
2.1
5
Total mortgage origination volume(e)
$
6.6
$
5.7
16
Third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end)
$
626.2
$
575.9
9
MSR carrying value (period-end)
8.6
7.7
12
Card Services
Sales volume, excluding commercial card
$
291.0
$
266.2
9
Net revenue rate
10.09
%
10.38
%
Net yield on average loans
9.90
9.89
Auto
Loan and lease origination volume
$
8.9
$
9.2
(3)
Average auto operating lease assets
10.4
11.5
(10)%
(a)Users of all web and/or mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.
(b)Users of all mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.
(c)Total payments transaction volume includes debit and credit card sales volume and gross outflows of ACH, ATM, teller, wires, BillPay, PayChase, Zelle, person-to-person and checks.
(d)Includes assets invested in managed accounts and J.P. Morgan mutual funds where AWM is the investment manager. Refer to AWM segment results on pages 32-34 for additional information. At March 31, 2024, included $146.6 billion of client investment assets associated with First Republic.
(e)Firmwide mortgage origination volume was $7.6 billion and $6.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(f)Excludes First Republic.
(g)Included $40.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024, associated with First Republic.
(h)Included $304 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, associated with First Republic.
23
CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK
Refer to pages 72–77 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on page 182 for a further discussion of the business profile of CIB.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)
2024
2023
Change
Revenue
Investment banking fees (a)
$
2,001
$
1,654
21%
Principal transactions
6,639
7,408
(10)
Lending- and deposit-related fees
642
539
19
Commissions and other fees
1,248
1,234
1
Card income
326
315
3
All other income
380
373
2
Noninterest revenue
11,236
11,523
(2)
Net interest income
2,397
2,077
15
Total net revenue(b)
13,633
13,600
—
Provision for credit losses
32
58
(45)
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
4,090
4,085
—
Noncompensation expense
3,128
3,398
(8)
Total noninterest expense
7,218
7,483
(4)
Income before income tax expense
6,383
6,059
5
Income tax expense
1,630
1,638
—
Net income
$
4,753
$
4,421
8%
Financial ratios
Return on equity
18
%
16
%
Overhead ratio
53
55
Compensation expense as percentage of total net revenue
30
30
(a)Includes CB's share of revenue from investment banking products sold to CB clients through the CIB that is subject to a revenue sharing arrangement which is reported as a reduction in All other income.
(b)Includes tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to income tax credits, amortization of the cost of investments and other tax benefits related to alternative energy investments and affordable housing projects; and income from tax-exempt securities of $471 million and $839 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Effective January 1, 2024, the Firm adopted updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance under the modified retrospective method, thereby lowering the amount of tax-equivalent adjustments associated with the alternative energy investments. Refer to Note 1, 5 and 13 for additional information.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Change
Revenue by business
Investment Banking
$
1,986
$
1,560
27
%
Payments
2,367
2,396
(1)
Lending
130
267
(51)
Total Banking
4,483
4,223
6
Fixed Income Markets
5,297
5,699
(7)
Equity Markets
2,685
2,683
—
Securities Services
1,183
1,148
3
Credit Adjustments & Other(a)
(15)
(153)
90
Total Markets & Securities Services
9,150
9,377
(2)
Total net revenue
$
13,633
$
13,600
—
%
(a)Consists primarily of centrally managed credit valuation adjustments (“CVA”), funding valuation adjustments (“FVA”) on derivatives, other valuation adjustments, and certain components of fair value option elected liabilities, which are primarily reported in principal transactions revenue. Results are presented net of associated hedging activities and net of CVA and FVA amounts allocated to Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets. Refer to Notes 2, 3 and 19 for
additional information.
Quarterlyresults
Net income was $4.8 billion, up 8%.
Net revenue was $13.6 billion, relatively flat when compared to the prior year.
Banking revenue was $4.5 billion, up 6%.
•Investment Banking revenue was $2.0 billion, up 27%, predominantly driven by higher Investment Banking fees, up 21%, reflecting higher debt and equity underwriting fees, partially offset by lower advisory fees. The Firm ranked #1 for Global Investment Banking fees, according to Dealogic.
–Debt underwriting fees were $1.0 billion, up 58%, predominantly driven by higher industry-wide issuance in leveraged loans and high-yield bonds, as well as higher issuance in high grade bonds reflecting wallet share gains.
–Equity underwriting fees were $355 million, up 51%, driven by IPO and convertible securities offerings, reflecting wallet share gains.
–Advisory fees were $598 million, down 21%, driven by a lower number of large completed transactions.
•Payments revenue was $2.4 billion, down 1%. Excluding the net impact of equity investments, revenue was down 2%, driven by deposit margin compression reflecting higher rates paid and higher deposit-related client credits, largely offset by fee growth and higher average deposits.
•Lending revenue was $130 million, down 51%, and included $264 million of fair value losses on credit protection purchased against certain retained loans and lending-related commitments.
24
Markets & Securities Services revenue was $9.2 billion, down 2%. Markets revenue was $8.0 billion, down 5%.
•Fixed Income Markets revenue was $5.3 billion, down 7%, driven by lower revenues in Rates and Commodities compared with a strong prior year, partially offset by higher revenue in Securitized Products.
•Equity Markets revenue was $2.7 billion, relatively flat compared to the prior year.
•Securities Services revenue was $1.2 billion, up 3%, driven by higher market levels and average deposits.
•Credit Adjustments & Other was a loss of $15 million, compared with a loss of $153 million in the prior year.
Noninterest expense was $7.2 billion, down 4%, predominantly driven by lower legal expense.
The provision for credit losses was $32 million, reflecting a $30 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses.
The provision in the prior year was $58 million, predominantly driven by net charge-offs.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 52-70 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 67-69 for a further discussion of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
Selected metrics
(in millions, except employees)
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets
$
1,594,901
$
1,436,237
11
%
Loans:
Loans retained(a)
194,299
187,133
4
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(b)
40,466
38,335
6
Total loans
234,765
225,468
4
Equity
102,000
108,000
(6)
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets
$
1,492,897
$
1,429,662
4
Trading assets-debt and equity instruments
580,753
488,767
19
Trading assets-derivative receivables
57,239
64,016
(11)
Loans:
Loans retained(a)
$
192,857
$
185,572
4
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(b)
42,321
42,569
(1)
Total loans
$
235,178
$
228,141
3
Deposits
780,073
699,586
12
Equity
102,000
108,000
(6)
Employees
74,367
74,352
—
%
(a)Loans retained includes credit portfolio loans, loans held by consolidated Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, trade finance loans, other held-for-investment loans and overdrafts.
(b)Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value primarily reflect lending-related positions originated and purchased in Markets, including loans held for securitization.
25
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)
2024
2023
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
2
$
50
(96)
%
Nonperforming assets:
Nonaccrual loans:
Nonaccrual loans retained(a)
$
929
$
832
12
Nonaccrual loansheld-for-sale and loans at fair value(b)
1,080
808
34
Total nonaccrual loans
2,009
1,640
23
Derivative receivables
293
291
1
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
109
86
27
Total nonperforming assets
$
2,411
$
2,017
20
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses
$
2,291
$
2,454
(7)
Allowance for lending-related commitments
1,077
1,301
(17)
Total allowance for credit losses
$
3,368
$
3,755
(10)
%
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(c)
—
%
0.11
%
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained
1.18
1.31
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits(d)
1.65
1.81
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(a)
247
295
Nonaccrual loans to total period-end loans
0.86
%
0.73
%
(a)Allowance for loan losses of $126 million and $153 million were held against these nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(b)At March 31, 2024 and 2023, nonaccrual loans excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $50 million and $99 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(c)Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the net charge-off/(recovery) rate.
(d)Management uses allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits, a non-GAAP financial measure, to provide a more meaningful assessment of CIB’s allowance coverage ratio. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 16-17.
Investment banking fees
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Change
Advisory
$
598
$
756
(21)
%
Equity underwriting
355
235
51
Debt underwriting(a)
1,048
663
58
Total investment banking fees
$
2,001
$
1,654
21
%
(a)Represents long-term debt and loan syndications.
26
League table results – wallet share
Three months ended March 31,
Full-year 2023
2024
2023
Rank
Share
Rank
Share
Rank
Share
Based on fees(a)
M&A(b)
Global
#
2
9.5
%
#
2
9.4
%
#
2
9.2
%
U.S.
2
9.8
2
11.8
2
11.1
Equity and equity-related(c)
Global
2
9.3
2
6.5
1
7.7
U.S.
1
12.7
1
12.7
1
14.4
Long-term debt(d)
Global
1
7.8
1
6.5
1
7.1
U.S.
1
10.6
2
9.6
1
10.9
Loan syndications
Global
1
11.7
1
12.1
1
12.0
U.S.
1
13.9
1
16.7
1
15.1
Global investment banking fees(e)
#
1
9.1
%
#
1
8.3
%
#
1
8.7
%
(a)Source: Dealogic as of April 1, 2024. Reflects the ranking of revenue wallet and market share.
(b)Global M&A excludes any withdrawn transactions. U.S. M&A revenue wallet represents wallet from client parents based in the U.S.
(c)Global equity and equity-related ranking includes rights offerings and Chinese A-Shares.
(d)Long-term debt rankings include investment-grade, high-yield, supranationals, sovereigns, agencies, covered bonds, asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”); and exclude money market, short-term debt and U.S. municipal securities.
The following table summarizes selected income statement data for the Markets businesses. Markets includes both Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets. Markets revenue consists of principal transactions, fees, commissions and other income, as well as net interest income. The Firm assesses its Markets business performance on a total revenue basis, as offsets generally occur across revenue line items. For example, securities that generate net interest income may be risk-managed by derivatives that
are reflected at fair value in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Notes 5 and 6 for a description of the composition of these income statement line items. Refer to Markets revenue on page 75 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
For the periods presented below, the primary source of principal transactions revenue was the amount recognized upon executing new transactions.
Three months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
(in millions)
Fixed Income Markets
Equity Markets
Total Markets
Fixed Income Markets
Equity Markets
Total Markets
Principal transactions
$
2,803
$
3,814
$
6,617
$
4,398
$
3,029
$
7,427
Lending- and deposit-related fees
122
18
140
70
7
77
Commissions and other fees
159
514
673
144
522
666
All other income
392
(23)
369
331
(14)
317
Noninterest revenue
3,476
4,323
7,799
4,943
3,544
8,487
Net interest income(a)
1,821
(1,638)
183
756
(861)
(105)
Total net revenue
$
5,297
$
2,685
$
7,982
$
5,699
$
2,683
$
8,382
(a)The decline in Equity Markets net interest income was driven by higher funding costs.
27
Selected metrics
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Change
Assets under custody (“AUC”) by asset class (period-end)
(in billions):
Fixed Income
$
15,739
$
14,660
7
%
Equity
13,908
11,320
23
Other(a)
4,338
3,745
16
Total AUC
$
33,985
$
29,725
14
Merchant processing volume (in billions)(b)
$
604
$
559
8
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities (average)(c)
$
665,868
$
633,729
5%
(a)Consists of mutual funds, unit investment trusts, currencies, annuities, insurance contracts, options and other contracts.
(c)Client deposits and other third-party liabilities pertain to the Payments and Securities Services businesses.
International metrics
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Change
Total net revenue(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
3,981
$
4,268
(7)
%
Asia-Pacific
2,068
2,133
(3)
Latin America/Caribbean
708
562
26
Total international net revenue
6,757
6,963
(3)
North America
6,876
6,637
4
Total net revenue
$
13,633
$
13,600
—
Loans retained (period-end)(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
42,182
$
38,568
9
Asia-Pacific
14,296
14,633
(2)
Latin America/Caribbean
7,632
8,070
(5)
Total international loans
64,110
61,271
5
North America
130,189
125,862
3
Total loans retained
$
194,299
$
187,133
4
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities (average)(b)
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
241,736
$
230,833
5
Asia-Pacific
127,952
126,026
2
Latin America/Caribbean
40,490
38,738
5
Total international
$
410,178
$
395,597
4
North America
255,690
238,132
7
Total client deposits and other third-party liabilities
$
665,868
$
633,729
5
AUC (period-end)(b)
(in billions)
North America
$
22,991
$
19,883
16
All other regions
10,994
9,842
12
Total AUC
$
33,985
$
29,725
14
%
(a)Total net revenue and loans retained (excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value) are based on the location of the trading desk, booking location, or domicile of the client, as applicable.
(b)Client deposits and other third-party liabilities pertaining to the Payments and Securities Services businesses, and AUC, are based on the domicile of the client.
28
COMMERCIAL BANKING
Refer to pages 78–80 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on page 183 for a discussion of the business profile of CB.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Change
Revenue
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
331
(b)
$
227
46
%
Card income
199
173
15
All other income
395
381
4
Noninterest revenue
925
781
18
Net interest income
3,026
(b)
2,730
11
Total net revenue(a)
3,951
3,511
13
Provision for credit losses
(31)
(b)
417
NM
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
806
(b)
641
26
Noncompensation expense
700
667
5
Total noninterest expense
1,506
1,308
15
Income before income tax expense
2,476
1,786
39
Income tax expense
607
439
38
Net income
$
1,869
$
1,347
39
%
(a)Total net revenue included tax-equivalent adjustments from income tax credits related to equity investments in designated community development entities and in entities established for rehabilitation of historic properties, as well as tax-exempt income related to municipal financing activities of $86 million and $82 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(b)Includes First Republic. Refer to page 20 for additional information.
Selected income statement data (continued)
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)
2024
2023
Change
Revenue by product
Lending
$
1,609
(c)
$
1,222
32
%
Payments
2,014
1,972
2
Investment banking(a)
320
306
5
Other
8
11
(27)
Total net revenue
$
3,951
$
3,511
13
Investment Banking and Markets revenue, gross(b)
$
913
$
881
4
Revenue by client segment
Middle Market Banking
$
1,832
(d)
$
1,681
9
Corporate Client Banking
1,194
1,176
2
Commercial Real Estate Banking
909
(d)
642
42
Other
16
12
33
Total net revenue
$
3,951
$
3,511
13
%
Financial ratios
Return on equity
24
%
18
%
Overhead ratio
38
37
(a)Includes CB’s share of revenue from Investment Banking and Markets' products sold to CB clients through the CIB which is reported in All other income.
(b)Includes gross revenues earned by the Firm that are subject to a revenue sharing arrangement between CB and the CIB for Investment Banking and Markets' products sold to CB clients. This includes revenues related to fixed income and equity markets products. Refer to Business Segment Results on page 18 for a discussion of revenue sharing.
(c)Includes First Republic. Refer to page 20 for additional information.
(d)Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking included $72 million and $278 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, associated with First Republic.
Quarterly results
Net income was $1.9 billion, up 39%.
Net revenue was $4.0 billion, up 13%. Net interest income was $3.0 billion, up 11%, predominantly driven by First Republic reflecting higher average loans and the accretion of the purchase discount, partially offset by deposit margin compression reflecting higher rates paid.
Noninterest revenue was $925 million, up 18%, driven by:
•higher lending-related revenue as a result of the amortization of the purchase discount on certain acquired lending-related commitments associated with First Republic,
•higher deposit-related fees, partially offset by the higher level of client credits that reduce such fees, and
•higher card income and investment banking revenue.
Noninterest expense was $1.5 billion, up 15%, predominantly driven by higher compensation expense, reflecting an increase in employees including front office and technology.
29
The provision for credit losses was a net benefit of $31 million, reflecting:
•a $98 million net reduction in the allowance for credit losses which included an addition to the allowance for credit losses associated with net downgrade activity, primarily in Commercial Real Estate, which was more than offset by updates to certain macroeconomic variables and the impact of changes in the loan and lending-related commitment portfolios, and
•net charge-offs of $67 million.
The provision in the prior year was $417 million, reflecting a net addition to the allowance for credit losses.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 52-70 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 67-69 for further discussions of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except employees)
2024
2023
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets
$
303,350
$
261,181
16
%
Loans:
Loans retained
281,155
(a)
238,752
18
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
280
1,538
(82)
Total loans
$
281,435
$
240,290
17
Equity
30,000
28,500
5
Period-end loans by client segment
Middle Market Banking
$
79,207
(b)
$
73,329
8
Corporate Client Banking
57,373
58,256
(2)
Commercial Real Estate Banking
144,267
(b)
108,582
33
Other
588
123
378
Total loans
$
281,435
$
240,290
17
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets
$
301,221
$
255,468
18
Loans:
Loans retained
278,330
(c)
236,808
18
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
1,216
1,155
5
Total loans
$
279,546
$
237,963
17
Average loans by client segment
Middle Market Banking
$
78,364
(d)
$
73,030
7
Corporate Client Banking
56,633
56,581
—
Commercial Real Estate Banking
143,959
(d)
108,143
33
Other
590
209
183
Total loans
$
279,546
$
237,963
17
Deposits
265,715
(e)
265,943
—
Equity
30,000
28,500
5
Employees
18,111
15,026
21
%
(a)Includes First Republic. Refer to page 20 for additional information.
(b)As of March 31, 2024, included $5.6 billion and $32.5 billion for Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking, respectively, associated with First Republic.
(c)Average loans retained associated with First Republic were $38.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
(d)Average Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking loans associated with First Republic were $5.8 billion and $32.7 billion, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
(e)Included $7.1 billion associated with First Republic for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Refer to page 20 for additional information.
30
Selected metrics (continued)
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)
2024
2023
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
67
$
37
81
%
Nonperforming assets
Nonaccrual loans:
Nonaccrual loans retained(a)
$
1,217
$
918
33
%
Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
13
—
NM
Total nonaccrual loans
$
1,230
$
918
34
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
50
—
NM
Total nonperforming assets
$
1,280
$
918
39
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses
$
5,000
$
3,566
40
Allowance for lending-related commitments
708
966
(27)
Total allowance for credit losses
$
5,708
(c)
$
4,532
26
%
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(b)
0.10
%
0.06
%
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained
1.78
1.49
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(a)
411
388
Nonaccrual loans to period-end total loans
0.44
0.38
(a)Allowance for loan losses of $249 million and $170 million was held against nonaccrual loans retained at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(b)Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the net charge-off/(recovery) rate.
(c)As of March 31, 2024, included a $732 million allowance for First Republic.
31
ASSET & WEALTH MANAGEMENT
Refer to pages 81–83 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on pages 183-184 for a discussion of the business profile of AWM.
Selected income statement data
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Change
Revenue
Asset management fees
$
3,170
$
2,782
14
%
Commissions and other fees
193
160
21
All other income
151
(a)
391
(61)
Noninterest revenue
3,514
3,333
5
Net interest income
1,595
(b)
1,451
10
Total net revenue
5,109
4,784
7
Provision for credit losses
(57)
(b)
28
NM
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
1,972
1,735
14
Noncompensation expense
1,488
1,356
10
Total noninterest expense
3,460
(b)
3,091
12
Income before income tax expense
1,706
1,665
2
Income tax expense
416
298
40
Net income
$
1,290
$
1,367
(6)
Revenue by line of business
Asset Management
$
2,326
$
2,434
(4)
Global Private Bank
2,783
(b)
2,350
18
Total net revenue
$
5,109
$
4,784
7
%
Financial ratios
Return on equity
33
%
34
%
Overhead ratio
68
65
Pre-tax margin ratio:
Asset Management
28
37
Global Private Bank
38
33
Asset & Wealth Management
33
35
(a)Includes the amortization of the fair value discount on certain acquired lending-related commitments associated with First Republic. Refer to Note 5 for additional information.
(b)Includes First Republic. Refer to page 20 for additional information.
Quarterly results
Net income was $1.3 billion, down 6%.
Net revenue was $5.1 billion, up 7%. Net interest income was $1.6 billion, up 10%. Noninterest revenue was $3.5 billion, up 5%.
Revenue from Asset Management was $2.3 billion, down 4%. Excluding the gain of $339 million on CIFM in the prior year, revenue was up 11%, driven by:
•higher asset management fees reflecting strong net inflows and higher average market levels.
Revenue from Global Private Bank was $2.8 billion, up 18%, driven by:
•higher noninterest revenue, largely driven by higher management fees on strong net inflows and higher average market levels, and the amortization of the purchase discount on certain acquired lending-related commitments associated with First Republic, and
•higher net interest income, driven by higher average deposits and loans associated with First Republic, and from wider spreads on loans, largely offset by deposit margin compression reflecting higher rates paid.
The prior year included an investment valuation loss.
Noninterest expense was $3.5 billion, up 12%, largely driven by:
•higher compensation including:
–revenue-related compensation, continued growth in private banking advisor teams, and
–the impact of First Republic, and the acquisition of J.P. Morgan Asset Management China (formerly CIFM), as well as
•higher distribution fees.
The provision for credit losses was a net benefit of $57 million, reflecting a net reduction in the allowance for credit losses.
The provision in the prior year was $28 million, reflecting a net addition to the allowance for credit losses.
Refer to Note 5 for additional information on lending related fees.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 52-70 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 67-69 for further discussions of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
32
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ranking data, ratios and employees)
2024
2023
Change
% of JPM mutual fund assets and ETFs rated as 4- or 5-star(a)
69
%
69
%
% of JPM mutual fund assets and ETFs ranked in 1st or 2nd quartile:(b)
1 year
54
68
3 years
70
67
5 years
73
78
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)(c)
Total assets
$
240,555
$
232,516
3
%
Loans
222,472
(d)
211,140
5
Deposits
230,413
(d)
225,831
2
Equity
15,500
16,000
(3)
Selected balance sheet data (average)(c)
Total assets
$
241,384
$
228,823
5
Loans
223,429
(e)
211,469
6
Deposits
227,723
(f)
224,354
2
Equity
15,500
16,000
(3)
Employees
28,670
26,773
7
Number of Global Private Bank client advisors
3,536
3,189
11
Credit data and quality statistics(c)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
8
$
(2)
NM
Nonaccrual loans
769
477
61
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses
$
571
$
526
9
Allowance for lending-related commitments
27
19
42
Total allowance for credit losses
$
598
(g)
$
545
10
%
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
0.01
%
—
%
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans
0.26
0.25
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans
74
110
Nonaccrual loans to period-end loans
0.35
0.23
(a)Represents the Morningstar Rating for all domiciled funds except for Japan domiciled funds which use Nomura. Includes only Asset Management retail active open-ended mutual funds and active ETFs that have a rating. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil domiciled funds. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
(b)Quartile ranking sourced from Morningstar, Lipper and Nomura based on country of domicile. Includes only Asset Management retail active open-ended mutual funds and active ETFs that are ranked by the aforementioned sources. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil domiciled funds. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
(c)Loans, deposits and related credit data and quality statistics relate to the Global Private Bank business.
(d)Includes First Republic. Refer to page 20 for additional information.
(e)Included $10.7 billion associated with First Republic for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
(f)Included $12.6 billion associated with First Republic for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
(g)Includes First Republic.
Client assets
Assets under management were $3.6 trillion, up 19%, while client assets were $5.2 trillion, up 20%, each driven by higher market levels and continued net inflows.
Client assets
As of March 31,
(in billions)
2024
2023
Change
Assets by asset class
Liquidity
$
927
$
761
22
%
Fixed income
762
682
12
Equity
964
733
32
Multi-asset
711
627
13
Alternatives
200
203
(1)
Total assets under management
3,564
3,006
19
Custody/brokerage/administration/deposits
1,655
1,341
23
Total client assets(a)
$
5,219
$
4,347
20
Assets by client segment
Private Banking
$
1,052
$
826
27
Global Institutional
1,494
1,347
11
Global Funds
1,018
833
22
Total assets under management
$
3,564
$
3,006
19
Private Banking
$
2,599
$
2,090
24
Global Institutional
1,595
1,417
13
Global Funds
1,025
840
22
Total client assets(a)
$
5,219
$
4,347
20
%
(a)Includes CCB client investment assets invested in managed accounts and J.P. Morgan mutual funds where AWM is the investment manager.
Client assets (continued)
Three months ended March 31,
(in billions)
2024
2023
Assets under management rollforward
Beginning balance
$
3,422
$
2,766
Net asset flows:
Liquidity
(4)
93
Fixed income
14
26
Equity
21
22
Multi-asset
(2)
(2)
Alternatives
1
1
Market/performance/other impacts
112
100
Ending balance, March 31
$
3,564
$
3,006
Client assets rollforward
Beginning balance
$
5,012
$
4,048
Net asset flows
43
152
Market/performance/other impacts
164
147
Ending balance, March 31
$
5,219
$
4,347
33
International
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Change
Total net revenue(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
853
$
847
1
%
Asia-Pacific
471
477
(1)
Latin America/Caribbean
261
240
9
Total international net revenue
1,585
1,564
1
North America
3,524
3,220
9
Total net revenue(a)
$
5,109
$
4,784
7
%
(a)Regional revenue is based on the domicile of the client.
As of March 31,
(in billions)
2024
2023
Change
Assets under management
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
552
$
515
7
%
Asia-Pacific
270
244
11
Latin America/Caribbean
90
74
22
Total international assets under management
912
833
9
North America
2,652
2,173
22
Total assets under management
$
3,564
$
3,006
19
Client assets
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
749
$
649
15
Asia-Pacific
415
367
13
Latin America/Caribbean
241
204
18
Total international client assets
1,405
1,220
15
North America
3,814
3,127
22
Total client assets
$
5,219
$
4,347
20
%
34
CORPORATE
Refer to pages 84–85 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of Corporate.
Selected income statement and balance sheet data
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except employees)
2024
2023
Change
Revenue
Principal transactions
$
65
$
82
(21)%
Investment securities losses
(366)
(868)
58
All other income
26
(c)
31
(16)
Noninterest revenue
(275)
(755)
64
Net interest income
2,477
(c)
1,740
42
Total net revenue(a)
2,202
985
124
Provision for credit losses
27
370
(93)
Noninterest expense
1,276
(c)(d)
160
NM
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
899
455
98
Income tax expense/(benefit)
223
211
6
Net income/(loss)
$
676
$
244
177
Total net revenue
Treasury and CIO
$
2,317
$
1,106
109
Other Corporate
(115)
(c)
(121)
5
Total net revenue
$
2,202
$
985
124
Net income/(loss)
Treasury and CIO
$
1,641
$
624
163
Other Corporate
(965)
(c)(d)
(380)
(154)
Total net income/(loss)
$
676
$
244
177
Total assets (period-end)
$
1,322,799
$
1,307,989
1
Loans (period-end)
2,104
2,267
(7)
Deposits (period-end)(b)
22,515
19,458
16
Employees
48,015
44,743
7%
(a)Included tax-equivalent adjustments, driven by tax-exempt income from municipal bonds, of $49 million and $56 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(b)Predominantly relates to the Firm's international consumer initiatives.
(c)Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 5 and 26 for additional information.
(d)Includes the increase to the FDIC special assessment. Refer to Note 5 for additional information.
Quarterly results
Net income was $676 million, compared with $244 million in the prior year.
Net revenue was $2.2 billion, up 124%.
Net interest income was $2.5 billion, up 42%, due to the impact of balance sheet mix and higher rates.
Noninterest revenue was a loss of $275 million, driven by lower net investment securities losses on sales of U.S. GSE, government agency MBS and U.S. Treasuries associated with repositioning the investment securities portfolio.
Noninterest expense of $1.3 billion was up $1.1 billion driven by:
•the $725 million increase to the FDIC special assessment, and
•the impact from First Republic, largely integration and restructuring costs.
Refer to Business Segment Results on page 20 for additional information on First Republic and Note 5 for additional information on the FDIC special assessment.
The provision for credit losses was $27 million. The provision in the prior year was $370 million, reflecting an addition to the allowance for credit losses, including an addition associated with certain Other assets.
Refer to Note 9 for additional information on the investment securities portfolio, and Note 12 for additional information on the allowance for credit losses.
Other Corporate also reflects the Firm's international consumer initiatives, which includes Chase U.K., Nutmeg, and an ownership stake in C6 Bank.
35
Treasury and CIO overview
At March 31, 2024, the average credit rating of the Treasury and CIO investment securities comprising the portfolio in the table below was AA+ (based upon external ratings where available and, where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings). Refer to Note 9 for further information on the Firm’s investment securities portfolio and internal risk ratings.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 44-51 for further information on liquidity and funding risk. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 71-76 for information on interest rate and foreign exchange risks.
Selected income statement and balance sheet data
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Change
Investment securities losses
$
(366)
$
(868)
58
%
Available-for-sale securities (average)
$
222,943
$
202,776
10
Held-to-maturity securities (average)(a)
354,759
417,350
(15)
Investment securities portfolio (average)
$
577,702
$
620,126
(7)
Available-for-sale securities (period-end)
$
233,770
(c)
$
195,228
20
Held-to-maturity securities (period-end)(a)
334,527
412,827
(19)
Investment securities portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses (period-end)(b)
$
568,297
$
608,055
(7)
%
(a)Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted new hedge accounting guidance. Refer to Note 9 of this Form 10-Q and Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the new hedge accounting guidance.
(b)As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the allowance for credit losses on investment securities was $120 million and $61 million, respectively.
(c)As of March 31, 2024, included $20.1 billion of AFS securities associated with First Republic. Refer to Note 26 for additional information.
36
FIRMWIDE RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is an inherent part of JPMorgan Chase’s business activities. When the Firm extends a consumer or wholesale loan, advises customers and clients on their investment decisions, makes markets in securities, or offers other products or services, the Firm takes on some degree of risk. The Firm’s overall objective is to manage its business, and the associated risks, in a manner that balances serving the interests of its clients, customers and investors, and protecting the safety and soundness of the Firm.
The Firm believes that effective risk management requires, among other things:
•Acceptance of responsibility, including identification and escalation of risks by all individuals within the Firm;
•Ownership of risk identification, assessment, data and management within each of the LOBs and Corporate; and
•A Firmwide risk governance and oversight structure.
The Firm follows a disciplined and balanced compensation framework with strong internal governance and independent oversight by the Board of Directors (the “Board”). The impact of risk and control issues is carefully considered in the Firm’s performance evaluation and incentive compensation processes.
Risk governance framework
The Firm’s risk governance framework involves understanding drivers of risks, types of risks, and impacts of risks.
Refer to pages 86–89 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of Firmwide risk management governance and oversight.
Risk governance and oversight functions
The following sections of this Form 10-Q and the 2023 Form 10-K discuss the risk governance and oversight functions in place to manage the risks inherent in the Firm’s business activities.
Risk governance and oversight functions
Form 10-Q page reference
Form 10-K page reference
Strategic Risk
90
Capital Risk
38–43
91–101
Liquidity Risk
44–51
102-109
Reputation Risk
110
Consumer Credit Risk
54–57
114-119
Wholesale Credit Risk
58–66
120-130
Investment Portfolio Risk
70
134
Market Risk
71–76
135-143
Country Risk
77
144-145
Climate Risk
146
Operational Risk
147-150
Compliance Risk
151
Conduct Risk
152
Legal Risk
153
Estimations and Model Risk
154
37
CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Capital risk is the risk that the Firm has an insufficient level or composition of capital to support the Firm’s business activities and associated risks during normal economic environments and under stressed conditions.
Refer to pages 91-101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K, Note 21 of this Form 10-Q and the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for a further discussion of the Firm’s capital risk.
Basel III Overview
The capital rules under Basel III establish minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards for large and internationally active U.S. Bank Holding Companies (“BHCs”) and banks, including the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The minimum amount of regulatory capital that must be held by BHCs and banks is determined by calculating risk-weighted assets ("RWA"), which are on-balance sheet assets and off-balance sheet exposures, weighted according to risk. Under the rules currently in effect, two comprehensive approaches are prescribed for calculating RWA: a standardized approach (“Basel III Standardized”), and an advanced approach (“Basel III Advanced”).
For each of these risk-based capital ratios, the capital adequacy of the Firm is evaluated against the lower of the Standardized or Advanced approaches compared to their respective regulatory capital ratio requirements.
In July 2023, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve"), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC"), and the FDIC released a proposal to amend the risk-based capital framework, entitled "Regulatory capital rule: Amendments applicable to large banking organizations and to banking organizations with significant trading activity", which is referred to in this Form 10-Q as the "U.S. Basel III proposal". Under the proposal, changes to the framework would include replacement of the Advanced approach with an expanded risk-based approach, which would not permit the use of internal models for the calculation of RWA, other than for market risk. In addition, the stress capital buffer requirement would be applicable to both the expanded risk-based approach and the Standardized approach. The proposal would significantly revise risk-based capital requirements for all banks with assets of $100 billion or more, including the Firm and other U.S. global systemically important banks ("GSIBs"). The proposed effective date is July 1, 2025, with a three-year transition period applicable to the expanded risk-based approach.
Under the requirements of the U.S. Basel III proposal, the new expanded risk-based approach, when fully phased-in, would be the Firm's binding constraint. The Firm is managing its CET1 capital in anticipation of the finalization of the U.S. Basel III proposal.
Refer to page 92 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the U.S. Basel III proposal.
As of March 31, 2024, the Advanced Total Capital ratio is the most binding constraint of the Firm's Basel III risk-based ratios. However, as of March 31, 2024, with respect to the CET1 and Tier 1 risk-based ratios, the Standardized ratios are more binding than the Advanced ratios.
Basel III also includes a requirement for Advanced Approaches banking organizations, including the Firm, to calculate its SLR.
Refer to page 41 of this Form 10-Q and page 98 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on SLR.
Refer to page 93 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for information on Other Key Regulatory Developments.
38
Selected capital and RWA data
The following tables present the Firm’s risk-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Advanced approaches and leverage-based capital metrics. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 91-101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of these capital metrics. Refer to Note 21 for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics.
Standardized
Advanced
(in millions, except ratios)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Capital ratio requirements(b)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Capital ratio requirements(b)
Risk-based capital metrics:(a)
CET1 capital
$
257,569
$
250,585
$
257,569
$
250,585
Tier 1 capital
280,771
277,306
280,771
277,306
Total capital
312,149
308,497
298,766
(c)
295,417
(c)
Risk-weighted assets
1,712,081
1,671,995
1,681,317
(c)
1,669,156
(c)
CET1 capital ratio
15.0
%
15.0
%
11.9
%
15.3
%
15.0
%
11.5
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
16.4
16.6
13.4
16.7
16.6
13.0
Total capital ratio
18.2
18.5
15.4
17.8
17.7
15.0
(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions. As of March 31, 2024, CET1 capital reflected the remaining $720 million CECL benefit and will be fully phased in as of January 1, 2025; as of December 31, 2023, CET1 capital reflected a $1.4 billion benefit. Refer to Note 21 for additional information.
(b)Represents minimum requirements and regulatory buffers applicable to the Firm for the period ended March 31, 2024. For the period ended December 31, 2023, the Basel III Standardized CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were 11.4%, 12.9%, and 14.9%, respectively; the Basel III Advanced CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were 11.0%, 12.5%, and 14.5%, respectively. Refer to Note 21 for additional information.
(c)Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules. Refer to Note 26 of this Form 10-Q and page 96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on First Republic acquisition.
Three months ended (in millions, except ratios)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Capital ratio requirements(c)
Leverage-based capital metrics:(a)
Adjusted average assets(b)
$
3,913,677
$
3,831,200
Tier 1 leverage ratio
7.2
%
7.2
%
4.0
%
Total leverage exposure
$
4,634,634
$
4,540,465
SLR
6.1
%
6.1
%
5.0
%
(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions. Refer to Note 21 for additional information.
(b)Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratios, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, and other intangible assets.
(c)Represents minimum requirements and regulatory buffers applicable to the Firm. Refer to Note 21 for additional information.
39
Capital components
The following table presents reconciliations of total stockholders’ equity to Basel III CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Total stockholders’ equity
$
336,637
$
327,878
Less: Preferred stock
29,900
27,404
Common stockholders’ equity
306,737
300,474
Add:
Certain deferred tax liabilities(a)
2,981
2,996
Other CET1 capital adjustments(b)
5,319
4,717
Less:
Goodwill(c)
54,335
54,377
Other intangible assets
3,133
3,225
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital
$
257,569
$
250,585
Add: Preferred stock
29,900
27,404
Less: Other Tier 1 adjustments
6,698
(g)
683
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital
$
280,771
$
277,306
Long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2 capital
$
11,690
$
11,779
Qualifying allowance for credit losses(d)
20,532
20,102
Other
(844)
(690)
Standardized Tier 2 capital
$
31,378
$
31,191
Standardized Total capital
$
312,149
$
308,497
Adjustment in qualifying allowance for credit losses for Advanced Tier 2 capital(e)(f)
(13,383)
(13,080)
Advanced Tier 2 capital
$
17,995
$
18,111
Advanced Total capital
$
298,766
$
295,417
(a)Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating CET1 capital.
(b)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included a net benefit associated with cash flow hedges and debit valuation adjustments ("DVA") related to structured notes recorded in AOCI of $5.4 billion and $4.3 billion and the benefit from the CECL capital transition provisions of $720 million and $1.4 billion, respectively.
(c)Goodwill deducted from capital includes goodwill associated with equity method investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions based on regulatory requirements. Refer to page 70 for additional information on principal investment risk.
(d)Represents the allowance for credit losses eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital up to 1.25% of credit risk RWA, including the impact of the CECL capital transition provision with any excess deducted from RWA. Refer to Note 21 for additional information on the CECL capital transition.
(e)Represents an adjustment to qualifying allowance for credit losses for the excess of eligible credit reserves over expected credit losses up to 0.6% of credit risk RWA, including the impact of the CECL capital transition provision with any excess deducted from RWA.
(f)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included an incremental $634 million and $655 million allowance for credit losses, respectively, on certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach has been applied, as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
(g)As of March 31, 2024, for capital purposes, included $6.0 billion of preferred stock for which notices of redemption were issued during the first quarter and which were redeemed in the second quarter. Refer to Note 17 for additional information.
Capital rollforward
The following table presents the changes in Basel III CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)
2024
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at December 31, 2023
$
250,585
Net income applicable to common equity
13,022
Dividends declared on common stock
(3,348)
Net purchase of treasury stock
(1,829)
Changes in additional paid-in capital
(225)
Changes related to AOCI applicable to capital:
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
141
Translation adjustments, net of hedges(a)
(204)
Fair value hedges
(21)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement employee benefit (“OPEB”) plans
26
Changes related to other CET1 capital adjustments(b)
(578)
Change in Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital
6,984
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at March 31, 2024
$
257,569
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at December 31, 2023
$
277,306
Change in CET1 capital(b)
6,984
Net redemptions of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock(c)
(3,504)
Other
(15)
Change in Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital
3,465
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at March 31, 2024
$
280,771
Standardized Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2023
$
31,191
Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
(89)
Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses(b)
430
Other
(154)
Change in Standardized Tier 2 capital
187
Standardized Tier 2 capital at March 31, 2024
$
31,378
Standardized Total capital at March 31, 2024
$
312,149
Advanced Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2023
$
18,111
Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
(89)
Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses(b)(d)
127
Other
(154)
Change in Advanced Tier 2 capital
(116)
Advanced Tier 2 capital at March 31, 2024
$
17,995
Advanced Total capital at March 31, 2024
$
298,766
(a)Includes foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of related derivatives.
(b)Includes the impact of the CECL capital transition provisions and the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on changes in accounting principles and Note 21 for additional information on the CECL capital transition.
(c)As of March 31, 2024, for capital purposes, included $6.0 billion of preferred stock for which notices of redemption were issued during the first quarter and which were redeemed in the second quarter. Refer to Note 17 for additional information.
(d)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included an incremental $634 million and $655 million allowance for credit losses, respectively, on certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach has been applied, as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
40
RWA rollforward
The following table presents changes in the components of RWA under Basel III Standardized and Advanced approaches for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The amounts in the rollforward categories are estimates, based on the predominant driver of the change.
Standardized
Advanced
Three months ended March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Credit risk RWA(c)
Market risk RWA
Total RWA
Credit risk RWA(c)(d)
Market risk RWA
Operational risk RWA
Total RWA
December 31, 2023
$
1,603,851
$
68,144
$
1,671,995
$
1,155,261
$
68,603
$
445,292
$
1,669,156
Model & data changes(a)
3,053
—
3,053
99
—
—
99
Movement in portfolio levels(b)
30,978
6,055
37,033
21,587
5,916
(15,441)
12,062
Changes in RWA
34,031
6,055
40,086
21,686
5,916
(15,441)
12,161
March 31, 2024
$
1,637,882
$
74,199
$
1,712,081
$
1,176,947
$
74,519
$
429,851
$
1,681,317
(a)Model & data changes refer to material movements in levels of RWA as a result of revised methodologies and/or treatment per regulatory guidance (exclusive of rule changes).
(b)Movement in portfolio levels (inclusive of rule changes) refers to: for Credit risk RWA, changes in book size, impacts associated with the First Republic acquisition, including the benefit of the shared-loss agreements entered into with the FDIC, changes in composition and credit quality, market movements, and deductions for excess eligible allowances for credit losses not eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital; for Market risk RWA, changes in position, market movements, and changes in the Firm’s regulatory multiplier from Regulatory VaR backtesting exceptions; and for Operational risk RWA, updates to cumulative losses and macroeconomic model inputs.
(c)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Basel III Standardized Credit risk RWA included wholesale and retail off balance-sheet RWA of $205.9 billion and $208.5 billion, respectively; and the Basel III Advanced Credit risk RWA included wholesale and retail off balance-sheet RWA of $187.8 billion and $188.5 billion, respectively.
(d)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, Credit risk RWA reflected approximately $50.7 billion and $52.4 billion, respectively, of RWA calculated under the Standardized approach for certain assets associated with First Republic as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
Refer to the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for further information on Credit risk RWA, Market risk RWA and Operational risk RWA.
Supplementary leverage ratio
Refer to Supplementary Leverage Ratio on page 98 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
The following table presents the components of the Firm’s SLR.
Three months ended (in millions, except ratio)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Tier 1 capital
$
280,771
$
277,306
Total average assets
3,968,637
3,885,632
Less: Regulatory capital adjustments(a)
54,960
54,432
Total adjusted average assets(b)
3,913,677
3,831,200
Add: Off-balance sheet exposures(c)
720,957
709,265
Total leverage exposure
$
4,634,634
$
4,540,465
SLR
6.1
%
6.1
%
(a)For purposes of calculating the SLR, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, other intangible assets and adjustments for the CECL capital transition provisions. Refer to Note 21 for additional information on the CECL capital transition.
(b)Adjusted average assets used for the calculation of Tier 1 leverage ratio.
(c)Off-balance sheet exposures are calculated as the average of the three month-end spot balances on applicable regulatory exposures during the reporting quarter. Refer to the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports for additional information.
Line of business equity
Each business segment is allocated capital by taking into consideration a variety of factors including capital levels of similarly rated peers and applicable regulatory capital requirements. The capital that the Firm has accumulated to meet the increased requirements of the U.S. Basel III proposal has generally been retained in Corporate. Refer to line of business equity on page 98 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.
The following table presents the capital allocated to each business segment.
Line of business equity (Allocated capital)
(in billions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Consumer & Community Banking
$
54.5
$
55.5
Corporate & Investment Bank
102.0
108.0
Commercial Banking
30.0
30.0
Asset & Wealth Management
15.5
17.0
Corporate
104.7
90.0
Total common stockholders’ equity
$
306.7
$
300.5
41
Capital actions
Common stock dividends
The Firm’s common stock dividends are planned as part of the Capital Management governance framework in line with the Firm’s capital management objectives.
On March 19, 2024, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $1.15 per share, payable on April 30, 2024, an increase from the prior dividend of $1.05 per share. The Firm’s dividends are subject to approval by the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis.
Common stock
The Firm is authorized to purchase up to $30 billion under its common share repurchase program previously approved by the Board of Directors.
The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Total number of shares of common stock repurchased
15.9
22.0
Aggregate purchase price of common stock repurchases(a)
$
2,849
$
2,940
(a)Excludes excise tax and commissions. As part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, a 1% excise tax was imposed on net share repurchases effective January 1, 2023.
The Board of Directors’ authorization to repurchase common shares is utilized at management’s discretion. The $30 billion common share repurchase program approved by the Board does not establish specific price targets or timetables. Management determines the amount and timing of common share repurchases based on various factors, including market conditions; legal and regulatory considerations affecting the amount and timing of repurchase activity; the Firm’s capital position (taking into account goodwill and intangibles); internal capital generation; current and proposed future capital requirements; and other investment opportunities. The amount of common shares that the Firm repurchases in any period may be substantially more or less than the amounts estimated or actually repurchased in prior periods, reflecting the dynamic nature of the decision-making process.
Refer to Capital actions on page 99 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
Refer to Part II, Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds and Part II, Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities on pages 185-186 of this Form 10-Q and page 35 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K, respectively, for additional information regarding repurchases of the Firm’s equity securities.
Preferred stock
Preferred stock dividends declared were $397 million and $356 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Refer to Note 17 of this Form 10-Q and Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s preferred stock, including the issuance and redemption of preferred stock.
Subordinated Debt
Refer to Long-term funding on page 50 of this Form 10-Q and Note 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s subordinated debt.
Capital planning and stress testing
Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
On April 5, 2024, the Firm submitted its 2024 Capital Plan to the Federal Reserve under the Federal Reserve's Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review ("CCAR") process. The Firm anticipates that the Federal Reserve will disclose summary information regarding the Firm's stress test results by June 30, 2024. Following the Federal Reserve's disclosure, the Firm expects to disclose its indicative SCB requirement, which will become effective October 1, 2024. The Firm's SCB is currently 2.9%.
Refer to Capital planning and stress testing on pages 91-92 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on CCAR.
Other capital requirements
Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity
The Federal Reserve’s total loss-absorbing capacity ("TLAC") rule requires the U.S. GSIB top-tier holding companies, including the Firm, to maintain minimum levels of external TLAC and eligible long-term debt ("eligible LTD").
The following table presents the eligible external TLAC and eligible LTD amounts, as well as a representation of these amounts as a percentage of the Firm’s total RWA and total leverage exposure applying the impact of the CECL capital transition provisions as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in billions, except ratio)
External TLAC
LTD
External TLAC
LTD
Total eligible amount
$
520.4
$
226.8
$
513.8
$
222.6
% of RWA
30.4
%
13.2
%
30.7
%
13.3
%
Regulatory requirements
23.0
10.5
23.0
10.0
Surplus/(shortfall)
$
126.6
$
47.1
$
129.2
$
55.4
% of total leverage exposure
11.2
%
4.9
%
11.3
%
4.9
%
Regulatory requirements
9.5
4.5
9.5
4.5
Surplus/(shortfall)
$
80.1
$
18.3
$
82.5
$
18.3
42
Effective January 1, 2024, the Firm's regulatory requirement for its eligible LTD to RWA ratio increased by 50 bps to 10.5%, due to the increase in the Firm’s GSIB Method 2 requirements. The Firm's regulatory requirement for its TLAC to RWA ratio remained at 23.0%. Refer to Risk-based Capital Regulatory Requirements on pages 94-95 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on the GSIB surcharge.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 44-51 for further information on long-term debt issued by the Parent Company.
Refer to Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 9-33 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for information on the financial consequences to holders of the Firm’s debt and equity securities in a resolution scenario.
Refer to other capital requirements on page 100 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on TLAC.
U.S. broker-dealer regulatory capital
J.P. Morgan Securities
JPMorgan Chase’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary is J.P. Morgan Securities. J.P. Morgan Securities is subject to the regulatory capital requirements of Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Net Capital Rule”). J.P. Morgan Securities is also registered as a futures commission merchant and is subject to regulatory capital requirements, including those imposed by the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and the National Futures Association (“NFA”).
The following table presents J.P. Morgan Securities’ net capital.
March 31, 2024
(in millions)
Actual
Minimum
Net Capital
$
25,461
$
5,440
Non-U.S. subsidiary regulatory capital
J.P. Morgan Securities plc
J.P. Morgan Securities plc is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and broker-dealer activities. J.P. Morgan Securities plc is jointly regulated in the U.K. by the Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) and the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”). J.P. Morgan Securities plc is subject to the European Union (“EU”) Capital Requirements Regulation (“CRR”), as adopted in the U.K., and the PRA capital rules, each of which have implemented Basel III and thereby subject J.P. Morgan Securities plc to its requirements.
The Bank of England requires that U.K. banks, including U.K. regulated subsidiaries of overseas groups, maintain minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (“MREL”). As of March 31, 2024, J.P. Morgan Securities plc was compliant with its MREL requirements.
The following table presents J.P. Morgan Securities plc’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics:
March 31, 2024
Regulatory Minimum ratios(a)
(in millions, except ratios)
Estimated
Total capital
$
54,457
CET1 capital ratio
16.4
%
4.5
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
21.2
6.0
Total capital ratio
26.1
8.0
Tier 1 leverage ratio
6.6
3.3
(b)
(a)Represents minimum Pillar 1 requirements specified by the PRA. J.P. Morgan Securities plc's capital ratios as of March 31, 2024 exceeded the minimum requirements, including the additional capital requirements specified by the PRA.
(b)At least 75% of the Tier 1 leverage ratio minimum must be met with CET1 capital.
J.P. Morgan SE
JPMSE is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and markets activities. JPMSE is regulated by the European Central Bank as well as the local regulators in each of the countries in which it operates, and it is subject to EU capital requirements under Basel III.
JPMSE is required by the EU Single Resolution Board to maintain MREL. As of March 31, 2024, JPMSE was compliant with its MREL requirements.
The following table presents JPMSE’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics.
March 31, 2024
Regulatory Minimum ratios(a)
(in millions, except ratios)
Estimated
Total capital
$
43,355
CET1 capital ratio
19.1
%
4.5
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
19.1
6.0
Total capital ratio
34.0
8.0
Tier 1 leverage ratio
5.5
3.0
(a)Represents minimum Pillar 1 requirements specified by the EU CRR. J.P. Morgan SE’s capital and leverage ratios as of March 31, 2024 exceeded the minimum requirements, including the additional capital requirements specified by EU regulators.
Refer to U.S. broker-dealer and Non-U.S. subsidiary regulatory capital on page 101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
43
LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Firm will be unable to meet its cash and collateral needs as they arise or that it does not have the appropriate amount, composition and tenor of funding and liquidity to support its assets and liabilities. Refer to pages 102–109 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and the Firm’s U.S. LCR Disclosure reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for a further discussion of the Firm’s liquidity risk.
LCR and HQLA
The LCR rule requires that the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. maintain an amount of eligible HQLA that is sufficient to meet their respective estimated total net cash outflows over a prospective 30 calendar-day period of significant stress.
Under the LCR rule, the amount of eligible HQLA held by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. that is in excess of its stand-alone 100% minimum LCR requirement, and that is not transferable to non-bank affiliates, must be excluded from the Firm’s reported eligible HQLA. The LCR for both the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is required to be a minimum of 100%.
The following table summarizes the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s average LCR for the three months ended March 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023 based on the Firm’s interpretation of the LCR framework.
Three months ended
Average amount (in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
March 31, 2023
JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
HQLA
Eligible cash(a)
$
483,292
$
485,263
$
453,287
Eligible securities(b)(c)
313,818
313,365
278,223
Total HQLA(d)
$
797,110
$
798,628
$
731,510
Net cash outflows
$
711,611
$
704,857
$
642,650
LCR
112
%
113
%
114
%
Net excess eligible HQLA(d)
$
85,499
$
93,771
$
88,860
JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A.:
LCR
129
%
129
%
140
%
Net excess eligible HQLA
$
221,104
$
215,190
$
278,651
(a)Represents cash on deposit at central banks, primarily the Federal Reserve Banks.
(b)Eligible HQLA securities may be reported in securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements, trading assets, or investment securities on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets. For purposes of calculating the LCR, HQLA securities are included at fair value, which may differ from the accounting treatment under U.S. GAAP.
(c)Predominantly U.S. Treasuries, U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, and sovereign bonds net of regulatory haircuts under the LCR rule.
(d)Excludes average excess eligible HQLA at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. that are not transferable to non-bank affiliates.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s average LCR for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023, predominantly driven by the impact of First Republic, primarily due to the increase in loans, largely offset by the addition of the Purchase Money Note and Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") advances.
Refer to Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Each of the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s average LCR may fluctuate from period to period due to changes in their respective eligible HQLA and estimated net cash outflows as a result of ongoing business activity and from the impacts of Federal Reserve actions as well as other factors.
Refer to page 103 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and the Firm’s U.S. LCR Disclosure reports for additional information on HQLA and net cash outflows.
Internal stress testing
The Firm conducts internal liquidity stress testingthat is intended to ensure that the Firm and its material legal entities have sufficient liquidity under a variety of adverse scenarios, including scenarios analyzed as part of the Firm’s resolution and recovery planning. Internal stress tests are produced on a regular basis, and other stress tests are performed in response to specific market events or concerns. Results of stress tests are considered in the formulation of the Firm’s funding plan and assessment of its liquidity position.
The Firm maintains liquidity at the Parent Company, the Intermediate Holding Company (“IHC”), and operating subsidiaries at levels sufficient to comply with liquidity risk tolerances and minimum liquidity requirements, and to manage through periods of stress when access to normal funding sources may be disrupted.
44
Liquidity sources
In addition to the assets reported in the Firm’s eligible HQLA discussed above, the Firm had unencumbered marketable securities, such as equity and debt securities, that the Firm believes would be available to raise liquidity. This includes excess eligible HQLA securities at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. that are not transferable to non-bank affiliates. The fair value of these securities was approximately $673 billion and $649 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, although the amount of liquidity that could be raised at any particular time would be dependent on prevailing market conditions. The increase compared to December 31, 2023, was driven by an increase in CIB trading assets, largely offset by a decrease in excess eligible HQLA securities at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm had approximately $1.5 trillion and $1.4 trillion of available cash and securities, respectively, comprised of eligible end-of-period HQLA, excluding the impact of regulatory haircuts of approximately $823 billion and $798 billion, respectively, and unencumbered marketable securities with a fair value of approximately $673 billion and $649 billion, respectively.
The Firm also had available borrowing capacity at the FHLB and the discount window at the Federal Reserve Banks as a result of collateral pledged by the Firm to such banks of approximately $352 billion and $340 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. This borrowing capacity excludes the benefit of cash and securities reported in the Firm’s eligible HQLA or other unencumbered securities that are currently pledged at the Federal Reserve Banks discount window and other central banks. Available borrowing capacity increased from December 31, 2023 primarily due to a higher amount of wholesale loans pledged at the Federal Reserve Banks. Although available, the Firm does not view this borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Banks discount window and the other central banks as a primary source of liquidity.
NSFR
The net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”) is a liquidity requirement for large banking organizations that is intended to measure the adequacy of “available” stable funding that is sufficient to meet their “required” amounts of stable funding over a one-year horizon.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, both the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were compliant with the 100% minimum NSFR requirement, based on the Firm's interpretation of the final rule. Refer to the Firm's U.S. NSFR Disclosure report covering December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 on the Firm’s website for additional information.
45
Funding
Sources of funds
Management believes that the Firm’s unsecured and secured funding capacity is sufficient to meet its on- and off-balance sheet obligations, which includes both short- and long-term cash requirements.
The Firm funds its global balance sheet through diverse sources of funding including stable deposits, secured and unsecured funding in the capital markets and stockholders’ equity. Deposits are the primary funding source for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Additionally, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. may access funding through short- or long-term secured borrowings, the issuance of unsecured long-term
debt, or from borrowings from the IHC. The Firm’s non-bank subsidiaries are primarily funded from long-term unsecured borrowings and short-term secured borrowings which are primarily securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements. Excess funding is invested by Treasury and CIO in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio or deployed in cash or other short-term liquid investments based on their interest rate and liquidity risk characteristics.
Refer to Note 22 for additional information on off-balance sheet obligations.
Deposits
The table below summarizes, by LOB and Corporate, the period-end deposit balances as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the average deposit balances for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Average
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Consumer & Community Banking
$
1,105,583
$
1,094,738
$
1,079,243
$
1,112,967
Corporate & Investment Bank
797,529
777,638
780,073
699,586
Commercial Banking
272,369
273,254
265,715
265,943
Asset & Wealth Management
230,413
233,232
227,723
224,354
Corporate
22,515
21,826
22,032
17,629
Total Firm
$
2,428,409
$
2,400,688
$
2,374,786
$
2,320,479
The Firm believes that deposits provide a stable source of funding and reduce the Firm’s reliance on the wholesale funding markets. A significant portion of the Firm’s deposits are consumer deposits and wholesale operating deposits, which are both considered to be stable sources of liquidity. Wholesale operating deposits are generally considered to be stable sources of liquidity because they are generated from customers that maintain operating service relationships with the Firm.
The Firm believes that average deposit balances are generally more representative of deposit trends than period-end deposit balances. However, during periods of market disruption, average deposit trends may be impacted.
Average deposits were higherfor the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, reflecting the net impact of:
•growth in CIB due to net issuances of structured notes as a result of client demand, and net inflows related to client-driven activities in Payments and Securities Services, partially offset by deposit attrition, including actions taken to reduce certain deposits,
•an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives,
•growth in AWM from new and existing customers as a result of new product offeringsand the impact of First Republic, predominantly offset by continued migration into higher-yielding investments driven by the higher interest rate environment,
•a decrease in CCBreflecting a decline in deposits in existing accounts due to migration into higher-yielding investments and increased customer spending, largely offset by the impact of First Republic, and
•a decrease in CB due to continued deposit attrition, offset by the retention of inflows associated with disruptions in the market in the first quarter of 2023 and the impact of First Republic.
Period-end deposits increasedfrom December 31, 2023, reflecting the net impact of:
•higher balances in CIB, driven by net inflows related to client-driven activities in Paymentsand Securities Services,
•an increase in CCB due to new accounts and seasonal inflows,largely offset by a decline in deposits in existing accounts due to migration into higher-yielding investments,
•a decrease in AWM due to continued migration into higher-yielding investments, partially offset by an increase in deposits in existing accounts due to a change in product offerings associated with First Republic, and
46
•a decrease in CB primarily due to seasonal outflows and continued deposit attrition, largely offset by the realignment of additional clients associated with First Republic from CCB to CB that began in the fourth quarter of 2023.
Refer to the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis and the Business Segment Results on pages 13-14 and pages 18-36, respectively, for further information on deposit and liability balance trends, as well as Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 3 for further information on structured notes.
Certain deposits are covered by insurance protection that provides additional funding stability and results in a benefit to the LCR. Deposit insurance protection may be available to depositors in the countries in which the deposits are placed. Refer to pages 105–106 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm's total uninsured deposits.
The table below presents an estimate of uninsured U.S. and non-U.S. time deposits, and their remaining maturities. The Firm’s estimates of its uninsured U.S. time deposits are based on data that the Firm calculates periodically under applicable FDIC regulations. For purposes of this presentation, all non-U.S. time deposits are deemed to be uninsured.
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
U.S.
Non-U.S.
U.S.
Non-U.S.
Three months or less
$
89,470
$
77,944
$
82,719
$
77,466
Over three months but within 6 months
12,640
6,341
17,736
5,358
Over six months but within 12 months
15,252
3,187
10,294
4,820
Over 12 months
839
2,021
710
2,543
Total
$
118,201
$
89,493
$
111,459
$
90,187
The table below shows the loan and deposit balances, the loans-to-deposits ratios, and deposits as a percentage of total liabilities, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(in billions except ratios)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Deposits
$
2,428.4
$
2,400.7
Deposits as a % of total liabilities
65
%
68
%
Loans
$
1,309.6
$
1,323.7
Loans-to-deposits ratio
54
%
55
%
47
The following table provides a summary of the average balances and average interest rates of JPMorgan Chase’s deposits for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
(Unaudited) (in millions, except interest rates)
Average balances
Average interest rates
Three months ended
Three months ended
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2023
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2023
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing
$
624,112
$
624,607
NA
NA
Interest-bearing
Demand(a)
278,698
280,562
3.90
%
2.76
%
Savings(b)
810,845
890,815
1.37
0.89
Time
208,813
98,714
5.15
4.46
Total interest-bearing deposits
1,298,356
1,270,091
2.49
1.58
Total deposits in U.S. offices
1,922,468
1,894,698
1.69
1.05
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing
24,532
25,836
NA
NA
Interest-bearing
Demand
338,190
320,228
3.26
2.19
Time
89,596
79,717
6.15
4.95
Total interest-bearing deposits
427,786
399,945
3.86
2.76
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices
452,318
425,781
3.66
2.60
Total deposits
$
2,374,786
$
2,320,479
2.09
%
1.34
%
(a)Includes Negotiable Order of Withdrawal accounts, and certain trust accounts.
(b)Includes Money Market Deposit Accounts.
Refer to Note 15for additional information on deposits.
48
The following table summarizes short-term and long-term funding, excluding deposits, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and average balances for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Refer to the Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 13-14 and Note 10 for additional information.
Sources of funds (excluding deposits)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Average
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Commercial paper
$
12,435
$
14,737
$
13,574
$
12,813
Other borrowed funds
10,607
8,200
9,924
10,073
Federal funds purchased
1,316
787
1,608
1,896
Total short-term unsecured funding
$
24,358
$
23,724
$
25,106
$
24,782
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase(a)
$
321,623
$
212,804
$
289,217
$
246,281
Securities loaned(a)
2,731
2,944
4,158
4,133
Other borrowed funds
23,226
21,775
22,166
22,905
Obligations of Firm-administered multi-seller conduits(b)
20,366
17,781
20,547
10,491
Total short-term secured funding
$
367,946
$
255,304
$
336,088
$
283,810
Senior notes
$
192,274
$
191,202
$
192,343
$
184,972
Subordinated debt
19,599
19,708
19,648
21,829
Structured notes(c)
90,829
86,056
87,484
73,744
Total long-term unsecured funding
$
302,702
$
296,966
$
299,475
$
280,545
Credit card securitization(b)
$
5,323
$
2,998
$
4,567
$
1,177
FHLB advances
39,214
41,246
40,486
(g)
11,092
Purchase Money Note(d)
49,043
48,989
49,008
N/A
Other long-term secured funding(e)
4,913
4,624
4,795
4,156
Total long-term secured funding
$
98,493
$
97,857
$
98,856
$
16,425
Preferred stock(f)
$
29,900
$
27,404
$
27,952
$
27,404
Common stockholders’ equity(f)
$
306,737
$
300,474
$
300,277
$
271,197
(a)Primarily consists of short-term securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase.
(b)Included in beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(c)Includes certain TLAC-eligible long-term unsecured debt issued by the Parent Company.
(d)Reflects the Purchase Money Note associated with the First Republic acquisition on May 1, 2023. Refer to Note 26 for additional information.
(e)Includes long-term structured notes which are secured.
(f)Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 38-43 and Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity on page 86 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 21 and Note 22 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on preferred stock and common stockholders’ equity.
(g)Includes the impact of First Republic. Refer to Note 26 of this Form 10-Q and pages 102–109 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
Short-term funding
The Firm’s sources of short-term secured funding primarily consist of securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase. These instruments are secured predominantly by high-quality securities collateral, including government-issued debt and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase increased at March 31, 2024, compared with December 31, 2023, driven by Markets, reflecting higher client-driven market-making activities and higher secured financing of trading assets, as well as when compared with seasonally lower levels at year-end.
The balances associated with securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase fluctuate over time due to investment and financing activities of clients, the Firm’s demand for financing, the ongoing management of the mix of the Firm’s liabilities, including its secured and unsecured financing (for both the investment securities and market-making portfolios), and other market and portfolio factors.
The Firm’s sources of short-term unsecured funding primarily consist of issuances of wholesale commercial paper and other borrowed funds.
The decrease in period-end commercial paper for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from December 31, 2023 was due to lower issuance levels primarily reflecting short-term liquidity management.
49
Long-term funding
Long-term funding provides an additional source of stable funding and liquidity for the Firm. The Firm’s long-term funding plan is driven primarily by expected client activity, liquidity considerations and regulatory requirements, including TLAC. Long-term funding objectives include maintaining diversification, maximizing market access and optimizing funding costs. The Firm evaluates various funding markets, tenors and currencies in creating its optimal long-term funding plan.
Unsecured funding and issuance
The significant majority of the Firm’s total outstanding long-term debt has been issued by the Parent Company to provide flexibility in support of the funding needs of both bank and non-bank subsidiaries. The Parent Company advances substantially all net funding proceeds to its subsidiary, the IHC. The IHC does not issue debt to external counterparties. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the increase in average structured notes compared to the prior year period was attributable to net issuances of structured notes in Markets due to client demand.
The following table summarizes long-term unsecured issuance and maturities or redemptions for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 102–109 and Note 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the IHC and long-term debt.
Long-term unsecured funding
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(Notional in millions)
Parent Company
Subsidiaries
Issuance
Senior notes issued in the U.S. market
$
8,500
$
—
$
—
$
—
Senior notes issued in non-U.S. markets
2,173
—
—
—
Total senior notes
10,673
—
—
—
Structured notes(a)
868
881
14,951
7,718
Total long-term unsecured funding – issuance
$
11,541
$
881
$
14,951
$
7,718
Maturities/redemptions
Senior notes
$
7,168
$
7,098
$
65
$
65
Subordinated debt
13
—
—
—
Structured notes
217
447
11,506
7,502
Total long-term unsecured funding – maturities/redemptions
$
7,398
$
7,545
$
11,571
$
7,567
(a)Includes certain TLAC-eligible long-term unsecured debt issued by the Parent Company.
Secured funding and issuance
The Firm can also raise secured long-term funding through securitization of consumer credit card loans and FHLB advances. The following table summarizes the securitization issuance, the FHLB advances, and their respective maturities or redemptions, as applicable for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Long-term secured funding
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(in millions)
Issuance
Maturities/Redemptions
Credit card securitization
$
2,348
$
—
$
—
$
1,000
FHLB advances
—
—
2,047
(b)
2
Other long-term secured funding(a)
554
151
237
54
Total long-term secured funding
$
2,902
$
151
$
2,284
$
1,056
(a)Includes long-term structured notes that are secured.
(b)Includes FHLB advances associated with the First Republic acquisition on May 1, 2023. Refer to Note 26 for additional information.
The Firm’s wholesale businesses also securitize loans for client-driven transactions; those client-driven loan securitizations are not considered to be a source of funding for the Firm and are not included in the table above. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further description of client-driven loan securitizations.
50
Credit ratings
The cost and availability of financing are influenced by credit ratings. Reductions in these ratings could have an adverse effect on the Firm’s access to liquidity sources, increase the cost of funds, trigger additional collateral or funding requirements and decrease the number of investors and counterparties willing to lend to the Firm. The nature and magnitude of the impact of ratings downgrades depends on numerous contractual and behavioral factors, which the Firm believes are incorporated in its liquidity risk
and stress testing metrics. The Firm believes that it maintains sufficient liquidity to withstand a potential decrease in funding capacity due to ratings downgrades.
Additionally, the Firm’s funding requirements for VIEs and other third-party commitments may be adversely affected by a decline in credit ratings. Refer to Note 4 and Note 13 for additional information.
The credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and non-bank subsidiaries as of March 31, 2024, were as follows:
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC J.P. Morgan Securities plc J.P. Morgan SE
March 31, 2024
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
Moody’s Investors Service
A1
P-1
Stable
Aa2
P-1
Negative
Aa3
P-1
Stable
Standard & Poor’s (a)
A-
A-2
Stable
A+
A-1
Stable
A+
A-1
Stable
Fitch Ratings
AA-
F1+
Stable
AA
F1+
Stable
AA
F1+
Stable
(a) On April 1, 2024, Standard & Poor's affirmed the credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and non-bank subsidiaries, and revised the outlook from stable to positive for the entities listed above.
Refer to page 109 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the factors that could affect the credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and non-bank subsidiaries.
51
CREDIT AND INVESTMENT RISK MANAGEMENT
Credit and investment risk is the risk associated with the default or change in credit profile of a client, counterparty or customer; or loss of principal or a reduction in expected returns on investments, including consumer credit risk,
wholesale credit risk, and investment portfolio risk. Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio, Wholesale Credit Portfolio and
Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 54-69 for a further discussion of Credit Risk.
Refer to page 70 for a further discussion of Investment Portfolio Risk. Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 111–134 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s Credit and Investment Risk Management framework.
52
CREDIT PORTFOLIO
Credit risk is the risk associated with the default or change in credit profile of a client, counterparty or customer.
In the following tables, total loans include loans retained (i.e., held-for-investment); loans held-for-sale; and certain loans accounted for at fair value. The following tables do not include loans which the Firm accounts for at fair value and classifies as trading assets; refer to Notes 2 and 3 for further information regarding these loans. Refer to Notes 11, 22 and 4 for additional information on the Firm’s loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables.
Refer to Note 9 for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio; and refer to Note 10 for information regarding credit risk inherent in the securities financing portfolio. Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 54-57 and Note 11 for further discussions of the consumer credit environment, consumer loans and nonperforming exposure. Refer to Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 58-66 and Note 11 for further discussions of the wholesale credit environment, wholesale loans and nonperforming exposure.
Total credit portfolio
Credit exposure
Nonperforming(c)
(in millions)
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Loans retained
$
1,264,093
$
1,280,870
$
6,557
$
5,989
Loans held-for-sale
6,477
3,985
180
184
Loans at fair value
39,046
38,851
940
744
Total loans
1,309,616
1,323,706
7,677
6,917
Derivative receivables
56,621
54,864
293
364
Receivables from customers(a)
52,036
47,625
—
—
Total credit-related assets
1,418,273
1,426,195
7,970
7,281
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned
NA
NA
252
274
Other
NA
NA
43
42
Totalassets acquired in loan satisfactions
NA
NA
295
316
Lending-related commitments
1,523,109
1,497,847
390
464
Total credit portfolio
$
2,941,382
$
2,924,042
$
8,655
$
8,061
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities(b)
$
(41,095)
$
(37,779)
$
—
$
—
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(23,012)
(22,461)
NA
NA
(a)Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM; these are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage credit exposures.
(c)At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, nonperforming assets excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $157 million and $182 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.
The following table provides information about the Firm’s net charge-offs and recoveries.
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Net charge-offs
$
1,956
$
1,137
Average retained loans
1,263,258
1,082,437
Net charge-off rates
0.62
%
0.43
%
53
CONSUMER CREDIT PORTFOLIO
The Firm’s retained consumer portfolio consists primarily of loans and lending-related commitments for residential real estate, credit card, and scored auto and business banking, including those associated with First Republic, primarily in residential real estate. The consumer credit portfolio also includes loans at fair value, predominantly in residential real estate. The Firm’s focus is on serving primarily the prime segment of the consumer credit market. Refer to Note 11 of this Form 10-Q; and Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 114–119 and Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information on consumer loans, as well as the Firm’s nonaccrual and charge-off accounting policies. Refer to Note 22 of this Form 10-Q and Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information on lending-related commitments.
The following tables present consumer credit-related information with respect to the scored credit portfolios held in CCB, AWM, CIB and Corporate.
Consumer credit portfolio
(in millions)
Credit exposure
Nonaccrual loans(i)
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Consumer, excluding credit card
Residential real estate(a)
$
319,984
$
326,409
$
3,449
$
3,466
Auto and other(b)(c)
69,608
70,866
181
177
Total loans – retained
389,592
397,275
3,630
3,643
Loans held-for-sale
1,331
487
21
95
Loans at fair value(d)
12,481
12,331
460
465
Total consumer, excluding credit card loans
403,404
410,093
4,111
4,203
Lending-related commitments(e)
46,660
45,403
Total consumer exposure, excluding credit card
450,064
455,496
Credit card
Loans retained(f)
206,740
211,123
NA
NA
Total credit card loans
206,740
211,123
NA
NA
Lending-related commitments(e)(g)
943,935
915,658
Total credit card exposure
1,150,675
1,126,781
Total consumer credit portfolio
$
1,600,739
$
1,582,277
$
4,111
$
4,203
Credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities(h)
$
(707)
$
(790)
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except ratios)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
Average loans - retained
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(j)
2024
2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
Consumer, excluding credit card
Residential real estate
$
(6)
$
(20)
$
323,687
$
236,781
(0.01)
%
(0.03)
%
Auto and other
189
152
70,346
63,804
1.08
0.97
Total consumer, excluding credit card - retained
183
132
394,033
300,585
0.19
0.18
Credit card - retained
1,687
922
204,637
180,451
3.32
2.07
Total consumer - retained
$
1,870
$
1,054
$
598,670
$
481,036
1.26
%
0.89
%
(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM.
(b)At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, excluded operating lease assets of $10.5 billion and $10.4 billion, respectively. These operating lease assets are included in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 16 for further information.
(c)Includes scored auto and business banking loans, and overdrafts.
(d)Includes scored mortgage loans held in CCB and CIB, and other consumer unsecured loans in CIB.
(e)Credit card, home equity and certain business banking lending-related commitments represent the total available lines of credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit would be used at the same time. For credit card commitments, and if certain conditions are met, home equity commitments and certain business banking commitments, the Firm can reduce or cancel these lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. Refer to Note 22 for further information.
(f)Includes billed interest and fees.
(g)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CB and CIB.
(h)Represents the notional amount of protection obtained through the issuance of credit-related notes that reference certain pools of residential real estate and auto loans in the retained consumer portfolio.
(i)At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, nonaccrual loans excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $157 million and $182 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded from nonaccrual loans based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status, as permitted by regulatory guidance.
(j)Average consumer loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were $15.1 billion and $11.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts were excluded when calculating net charge-off/(recovery) rates.
54
Consumer, excluding credit card
Portfolio analysis
Loans decreased from December 31, 2023 driven by retained residential real estate loans.
Residential real estate: The residential real estate portfolio, including loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value, predominantly consists of prime mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit.
Retained loans decreased compared to December 31, 2023, predominantly driven by paydowns and loans sales, net of originations. Net recoveries were lower for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior year.
Loans held-for-sale increased from December 31, 2023, predominantly driven by a transfer of certain retained loans in anticipation of securitization.
At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying value of interest-only residential mortgage loans was $90.3 billion and $90.6 billion, respectively. These loans have an interest-only payment period generally followed by an adjustable-rate or fixed-rate fully amortizing payment period to maturity and are typically originated as higher-balance loans to higher-income borrowers. The credit performance of this portfolio is comparable with the performance of the broader prime mortgage portfolio.
The carrying value of home equity lines of credit outstanding was $15.3 billion at March 31, 2024, which included $2.4 billion associated with First Republic. The carrying value of home equity lines of credit outstanding included $4.1 billion of HELOCs that have recast from interest-only to fully amortizing payments or have been modified and $4.1 billion of interest-only balloon HELOCs, which primarily mature after 2030. The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are exhibiting a material deterioration in their credit risk profile.
The following table provides a summary of the Firm’s residential mortgage portfolio insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, predominantly loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value. The Firm monitors its exposure to certain potential unrecoverable claim payments related to government-insured loans and considers this exposure in estimating the allowance for loan losses.
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Current
$
389
$
446
30-89 days past due
82
102
90 or more days past due
157
182
Total government guaranteed loans
$
628
$
730
Geographic composition and current estimated loan-to-value ratio of residential real estate loans
Refer to Note 11 for information on the geographic composition and current estimated LTVs of the Firm’s residential real estate loans.
Modified residential real estate loans
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, residential real estate financial difficulty modifications ("FDMs") were $39 million and $38 million, respectively. Loans subject to trial modification where the terms of the loans have not been permanently modified, and loans subject to discharge under Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings ("Chapter 7 loans"), were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and Note 11 of this Form 10-Q for further information.
55
Auto and other: The auto and other loan portfolio, including loans at fair value, generally consists of prime-quality scored auto and business banking loans, other consumer unsecured loans, and overdrafts. The portfolio decreased when compared to December 31, 2023, predominantly due to a loan securitization. Net charge-offs increased for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in the prior year due to higher scored auto net charge-offs of $50 million reflecting a decline in used vehicle valuations, largely offset by lower overdraft charge-offs.Refer to Note 13 for further information on securitization activity.
Nonperforming assets
The following table presents information as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, about consumer, excluding credit card, nonperforming assets.
Nonperforming assets(a)
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans
Residential real estate
$
3,914
$
4,015
Auto and other
197
188
Total nonaccrual loans
4,111
4,203
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned
103
120
Other
43
42
Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
146
162
Total nonperforming assets
$
4,257
$
4,365
(a)At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, nonperforming assets excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $157 million and $182 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
Nonaccrual loans
The following table presents changes in consumer, excluding credit card, nonaccrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Nonaccrual loan activity
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)
2024
2023
Beginning balance
$
4,203
$
4,325
Additions
763
601
Reductions:
Principal payments and other(a)
406
205
Charge-offs
156
101
Returned to performing status
244
273
Foreclosures and other liquidations
49
52
Total reductions
855
631
Net changes
(92)
(30)
Ending balance
$
4,111
$
4,295
(a)Other reductions include loan sales.
Refer to Note 11 for further information about the consumer credit portfolio, including information about delinquencies, other credit quality indicators, loan modifications and loans that were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.
56
Credit card
Total credit card loans decreased from December 31, 2023 reflecting the impact of seasonality. The March 31, 2024 30+ and 90+ day delinquency rates of 2.23% and 1.16%, respectively, increased compared to the December 31, 2023 30+ and 90+ day delinquency rates of 2.14% and 1.05%, respectively, due to credit normalization and as newer vintages season. Net charge-offs increased for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in the prior year due to higher delinquencies.
Consistent with the Firm’s policy, all credit card loans typically remain on accrual status until charged off. However, the Firm’s allowance for loan losses includes the estimated uncollectible portion of accrued and billed interest and fee income. Refer to Note 11 for further information about this portfolio, including information about delinquencies.
Geographic and FICO composition of credit card loans
Refer to Note 11 for information on the geographic and FICO composition of the Firm’s credit card loans.
Modifications of credit card loans
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, credit card FDMs were $259 million and $163 million, respectively. FDMs increased for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in the prior year due to higher delinquencies, reflecting growth in the portfolio. Loans subject to trial modification where the terms of the loans have not been permanently modified were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and Note 11 of this Form 10-Q for further information.
57
WHOLESALE CREDIT PORTFOLIO
In its wholesale businesses, the Firm is exposed to credit risk primarily through its underwriting, lending, market-making, and hedging activities with and for clients and counterparties, as well as through various operating services (such as cash management and clearing activities), securities financing activities and cash placed with banks. A portion of the loans originated or acquired by the Firm’s wholesale businesses is generally retained on the balance sheet. The Firm distributes a significant percentage of the loans that it originates into the market as part of its syndicated loan business and to manage portfolio concentrations and credit risk. The wholesale portfolio is actively managed, in part by conducting ongoing, in-depth reviews of client credit quality and transaction structure inclusive of collateral where applicable, and of industry, product and client concentrations. Refer to the industry discussion on pages 60-63 for further information.
The Firm’s wholesale credit portfolio includes exposure held in CIB, CB, AWM and Corporate, and risk-rated exposure held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses. The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate clients, products and services, associated with First Republic. Accordingly, reporting classifications and internal risk rating profiles in the wholesale portfolio may change in future periods. Refer to Business Developments on page 9 for additional information.
As of March 31, 2024, retained loans decreased by $4.7 billion and lending-related commitments decreased by $4.3 billion.
As of March 31, 2024, nonperforming exposure increased by $702 million predominantly driven by Real Estate loans concentrated in Office, and Individuals, resulting from downgrades. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, wholesale net charge-offs were $86 million, largely in Real Estate, concentrated in Office.
Wholesale credit portfolio
Credit exposure
Nonperforming
(in millions)
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Loans retained
$
667,761
$
672,472
$
2,927
$
2,346
Loans held-for-sale
5,146
3,498
159
89
Loans at fair value
26,565
26,520
480
279
Loans
699,472
702,490
3,566
2,714
Derivative receivables
56,621
54,864
293
364
Receivables from customers(a)
52,036
47,625
—
—
Total wholesale credit-related assets
808,129
804,979
3,859
3,078
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned
NA
NA
149
154
Other
NA
NA
—
—
Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
NA
NA
149
154
Lending-related commitments
532,514
536,786
390
464
Total wholesale credit portfolio
$
1,340,643
$
1,341,765
$
4,398
$
3,696
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities(b)
$
(40,388)
$
(36,989)
$
—
$
—
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(23,012)
(22,461)
NA
NA
(a)Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM; these are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage both performing and nonperforming wholesale credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Credit derivatives on page 66 and Note 4 for additional information.
58
Wholesale credit exposure – maturity and ratings profile
The following tables present the maturity and internal risk ratings profiles of the wholesale credit portfolio as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Firm generally considers internal ratings with qualitative characteristics equivalent to BBB-/Baa3 or higher as investment grade, and takes into consideration collateral and structural support when determining the internal risk rating for each credit facility. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information on internal risk ratings.
Maturity profile(d)
Ratings profile
1 year or less
After 1 year through 5 years
After 5 years
Total
Investment-grade
Noninvestment-grade
Total
Total % of IG
March 31, 2024, (in millions, except ratios)
Loans retained
$
211,780
$
274,260
$
181,721
$
667,761
$
453,592
$
214,169
$
667,761
68
%
Derivative receivables
56,621
56,621
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(23,012)
(23,012)
Total derivative receivables, net of collateral
8,754
9,735
15,120
33,609
26,290
7,319
33,609
78
Lending-related commitments
137,651
370,417
24,446
532,514
342,525
189,989
532,514
64
Subtotal
358,185
654,412
221,287
1,233,884
822,407
411,477
1,233,884
67
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(a)
31,711
31,711
Receivables from customers
52,036
52,036
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
$
1,317,631
$
1,317,631
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities(b)(c)
$
(5,448)
$
(27,991)
$
(6,949)
$
(40,388)
$
(32,157)
$
(8,231)
$
(40,388)
80
%
Maturity profile(d)
Ratings profile
1 year or less
After 1 year through 5 years
After 5 years
Total
Investment-grade
Noninvestment-grade
Total
Total % of IG
December 31, 2023 (in millions, except ratios)
Loans retained
$
211,104
$
280,821
$
180,547
$
672,472
$
458,838
$
213,634
$
672,472
68
%
Derivative receivables
54,864
54,864
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(22,461)
(22,461)
Total derivative receivables, net of collateral
8,007
8,970
15,426
32,403
24,919
7,484
32,403
77
Lending-related commitments
143,337
368,646
24,803
536,786
341,611
195,175
536,786
64
Subtotal
362,448
658,437
220,776
1,241,661
825,368
416,293
1,241,661
66
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(a)
30,018
30,018
Receivables from customers
47,625
47,625
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
$
1,319,304
$
1,319,304
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities(b)(c)
$
(3,311)
$
(28,353)
$
(5,325)
$
(36,989)
$
(28,869)
$
(8,120)
$
(36,989)
78
%
(a)Loans held-for-sale are primarily related to syndicated loans and loans transferred from the retained portfolio.
(b)These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP.
(c)The notional amounts are presented on a net basis by underlying reference entity and the ratings profile shown is based on the ratings of the reference entity on which protection has been purchased. Predominantly all of the credit derivatives entered into by the Firm where it has purchased protection used in credit portfolio management activities are executed with investment-grade counterparties. In addition, the Firm obtains credit protection against certain loans in the retained loan portfolio through the issuance of credit-related notes.
(d)The maturity profile of retained loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables is generally based on remaining contractual maturity. Derivative contracts that are in a receivable position at March 31, 2024, may become payable prior to maturity based on their cash flow profile or changes in market conditions.
59
Wholesale credit exposure – industry exposures
The Firm focuses on the management and diversification of its industry exposures, and pays particular attention to industries with actual or potential credit concerns.
Exposures that are deemed to be criticized align with the U.S. banking regulators’ definition of criticized exposures, which consist of the special mention, substandard and doubtful categories. Total criticized exposure, excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value, was $45.8 billion and $41.4 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, representing approximately 3.6% and 3.3% of total wholesale credit exposure, respectively; of the $45.8 billion, $42.2 billion was performing. The increase in criticized exposure was driven by Real Estate concentrated in Office, reflecting downgrades, and held-for-sale commitments in Technology and Consumer & Retail.
The table below summarizes by industry the Firm’s exposures as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The industry of risk category is generally based on the client or counterparty’s primary business activity. Refer to Note 4 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on industry concentrations.
Wholesale credit exposure – industries(a)
Selected metrics
30 days or more past due and accruing loans
Net charge-offs/ (recoveries)
Credit derivative and credit-related notes(h)
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables
Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the three months ended
Credit exposure(f)(g)
Investment- grade
Noncriticized
Criticized performing
Criticized nonperforming
March 31, 2024
(in millions)
Real Estate
$
205,763
$
144,431
$
50,213
$
10,229
$
890
$
649
$
44
$
(587)
$
—
Individuals and Individual Entities(b)
141,717
109,068
31,672
295
682
1,172
14
—
—
Asset Managers
127,757
85,025
42,604
126
2
78
1
—
(7,235)
Consumer & Retail
125,508
58,925
57,659
8,483
441
456
27
(4,322)
—
Technology, Media & Telecommunications
84,486
45,395
28,264
10,466
361
84
(17)
(4,391)
—
Industrials
73,291
39,246
30,321
3,523
201
187
5
(2,620)
—
Healthcare
64,722
43,885
17,130
3,199
508
58
14
(3,218)
(12)
Banks & Finance Companies
54,771
34,808
19,474
482
7
1
—
(547)
(567)
State & Municipal Govt(c)
35,698
33,448
2,221
26
3
57
—
(3)
—
Utilities
35,447
24,095
10,491
731
130
3
—
(2,623)
—
Automotive
33,911
22,819
10,279
674
139
76
3
(658)
—
Oil & Gas
33,290
18,761
14,239
234
56
26
(1)
(1,959)
(2)
Insurance
22,541
15,436
6,827
243
35
1
—
(1,075)
(7,602)
Chemicals & Plastics
20,432
11,142
8,134
1,077
79
3
—
(1,065)
—
Transportation
16,512
9,695
5,545
1,251
21
26
(3)
(589)
—
Central Govt
16,189
15,768
293
126
2
3
—
(3,333)
(1,767)
Metals & Mining
15,678
8,474
6,596
559
49
24
—
(207)
—
Securities Firms
8,847
4,531
4,312
4
—
1
—
(13)
(2,484)
Financial Markets Infrastructure
6,799
6,402
397
—
—
—
—
(2)
—
All other(d)
133,537
113,429
19,630
474
4
25
(1)
(13,176)
(3,343)
Subtotal
$
1,256,896
$
844,783
$
366,301
$
42,202
$
3,610
$
2,930
$
86
$
(40,388)
$
(23,012)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
31,711
Receivables from customers
52,036
Total(e)
$
1,340,643
60
(continued from previous page)
Selected metrics
30 days or more past due and accruing loans
Net charge-offs/ (recoveries)
Credit derivative and credit-related notes(h)
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables
Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the year ended
Credit exposure(f)(g)
Investment- grade
Noncriticized
Criticized performing
Criticized nonperforming
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Real Estate
$
208,261
$
148,866
$
50,190
$
8,558
$
647
$
717
$
275
$
(574)
$
—
Individuals and Individual Entities(b)
145,849
110,673
34,261
334
581
861
10
—
—
Asset Managers
129,574
83,857
45,623
90
4
201
1
—
(7,209)
Consumer & Retail
127,086
60,168
58,606
7,863
449
318
161
(4,204)
—
Technology, Media & Telecommunications
77,296
40,468
27,094
9,388
346
36
81
(4,287)
—
Industrials
75,092
40,951
30,586
3,419
136
213
31
(2,949)
—
Healthcare
65,025
43,163
18,396
3,005
461
130
17
(3,070)
—
Banks & Finance Companies
57,177
33,881
22,744
545
7
9
277
(511)
(412)
State & Municipal Govt(c)
35,986
33,561
2,390
27
8
31
—
(4)
—
Utilities
36,061
25,242
9,929
765
125
1
(3)
(2,373)
—
Automotive
33,977
23,152
10,060
640
125
59
—
(653)
—
Oil & Gas
34,475
18,276
16,076
111
12
45
11
(1,927)
(5)
Insurance
20,501
14,503
5,700
298
—
2
—
(961)
(6,898)
Chemicals & Plastics
20,773
11,353
8,352
916
152
106
2
(1,045)
—
Transportation
16,060
8,865
5,943
1,196
56
23
(26)
(574)
—
Central Govt
17,704
17,264
312
127
1
—
—
(3,490)
(2,085)
Metals & Mining
15,508
8,403
6,514
536
55
12
44
(229)
—
Securities Firms
8,689
4,570
4,118
1
—
—
—
(14)
(2,765)
Financial Markets Infrastructure
4,251
4,052
199
—
—
—
—
—
—
All other(d)
134,777
115,711
18,618
439
9
21
(2)
(10,124)
(3,087)
Subtotal
$
1,264,122
$
846,979
$
375,711
$
38,258
$
3,174
$
2,785
$
879
$
(36,989)
$
(22,461)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
30,018
Receivables from customers
47,625
Total(e)
$
1,341,765
(a)The industry rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2023, are based on the industry rankings of the corresponding exposures as of March 31, 2024, not actual rankings of such exposures as of December 31, 2023.
(b)Individuals and Individual Entities predominantly consists of Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB, and includes exposure to personal investment companies and personal and testamentary trusts.
(c)In addition to the credit risk exposure to states and municipal governments (both U.S. and non-U.S.) at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 noted above, the Firm held: $5.8 billion and $5.9 billion, respectively, of trading assets; $18.8 billion and $21.4 billion, respectively, of AFS securities; and $9.6 billion and $9.9 billion, respectively, of HTM securities, issued by U.S. state and municipal governments. Refer to Note 2 and Note 9 for further information.
(d)All other includes: SPEs and Private education and civic organizations, representing approximately 94% and 6%, respectively, at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 13 for more information on exposures to SPEs.
(e)Excludes cash placed with banks of $554.1 billionand $614.1 billion, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which is predominantly placed with various central banks, primarily Federal Reserve Banks.
(f)Credit exposure is net of risk participations and excludes the benefit of credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities held against derivative receivables or loans and liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables.
(g)Credit exposure includes held-for-sale and fair value option elected lending-related commitments.
(h)Represents the net notional amounts of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage the credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. The All other category includes purchased credit protection on certain credit indices.
61
Presented below is additional detail on certain of the Firm’s industry exposures.
Real Estate
Real Estate exposure was $205.8 billion as of March 31, 2024. Criticized exposure increased by $1.9 billion from $9.2 billion at December 31, 2023 to $11.1 billion at March 31, 2024, driven by downgrades concentrated in Office, partially offset by client-specific upgrades.
March 31, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment-grade
% Drawn(d)
Multifamily(a)
$
122,804
$
7
$
122,811
78
%
90
%
Industrial
20,052
6
20,058
64
71
Office
16,269
31
16,300
49
82
Services and Non Income Producing
15,046
60
15,106
63
51
Other Income Producing Properties(b)
14,631
162
14,793
51
65
Retail
12,206
34
12,240
74
74
Lodging
4,438
17
4,455
31
54
Total Real Estate Exposure(c)
$
205,446
$
317
$
205,763
70
%
81
%
December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment- grade
% Drawn(d)
Multifamily(a)
$
121,946
$
21
$
121,967
79
%
90
%
Industrial
20,254
18
20,272
70
72
Office
16,462
32
16,494
51
81
Services and Non Income Producing
16,145
74
16,219
62
46
Other Income Producing Properties(b)
15,542
208
15,750
55
63
Retail
12,763
48
12,811
75
73
Lodging
4,729
19
4,748
30
48
Total Real Estate Exposure
$
207,841
$
420
$
208,261
71
%
80
%
(a)Multifamily exposure is largely in California.
(b)Other Income Producing Properties consists of clients with diversified property types or other property types outside of categories listed in the table above.
(c)Real Estate exposure is approximately 83% secured; unsecured exposure is predominantly investment-grade largely to Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”) and Real Estate Operating Companies (“REOCs”) whose underlying assets are generally diversified.
(d)Represents drawn exposure as a percentage of credit exposure.
62
Consumer & Retail
Consumer & Retail exposure was $125.5 billion as of March 31, 2024. Criticized exposure increased by $612 million from $8.3 billion at December 31, 2023 to $8.9 billion at March 31, 2024, driven by client-specific downgrades and net portfolio activity, largely offset by client-specific upgrades.
March 31, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment-grade
% Drawn(d)
Retail(a)
$
35,996
$
284
$
36,280
51
%
32
%
Business and Consumer Services
34,768
329
35,097
43
42
Food and Beverage
30,613
605
31,218
56
39
Consumer Hard Goods
13,169
134
13,303
44
33
Leisure(b)
9,461
149
9,610
21
43
Total Consumer & Retail(c)
$
124,007
$
1,501
$
125,508
47
%
38
%
December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment- grade
% Drawn(d)
Retail(a)
$
36,042
$
334
$
36,376
51
%
30
%
Business and Consumer Services
34,822
392
35,214
42
42
Food and Beverage
32,256
930
33,186
57
36
Consumer Hard Goods
13,169
197
13,366
43
33
Leisure(b)
8,784
160
8,944
25
47
Total Consumer & Retail
$
125,073
$
2,013
$
127,086
47
%
36
%
(a)Retail consists of Home Improvement & Specialty Retailers, Restaurants, Supermarkets, Discount & Drug Stores, Specialty Apparel and Department Stores.
(b)Leisure consists of Gaming, Arts & Culture, Travel Services and Sports & Recreation. As of March 31, 2024, approximately 91% of the noninvestment-grade Leisure portfolio is secured.
(c)Consumer & Retail exposure is approximately 60% secured; unsecured exposure is approximately 80% investment-grade.
(d)Represents drawn exposure as a percent of credit exposure.
Oil & Gas
Oil & Gas exposure was $33.3 billion as of March 31, 2024, of which $290 million was considered criticized.
March 31, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment-grade
% Drawn(c)
Exploration & Production (“E&P”) and Oil field Services
$
16,392
$
847
$
17,239
56
%
26
%
Other Oil & Gas(a)
15,839
212
16,051
57
24
Total Oil & Gas(b)
$
32,231
$
1,059
$
33,290
56
%
25
%
December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
Derivative Receivables
Credit exposure
% Investment- grade
% Drawn(c)
Exploration & Production (“E&P”) and Oil field Services
$
18,121
$
536
$
18,657
51
%
26
%
Other Oil & Gas(a)
15,649
169
15,818
55
22
Total Oil & Gas
$
33,770
$
705
$
34,475
53
%
25
%
(a)Other Oil & Gas includes Integrated Oil & Gas companies, Midstream/Oil Pipeline companies and refineries.
(b)Oil & Gas exposure is approximately 38% secured, approximately half of which is reserve-based lending to the Exploration & Production sub-sector; unsecured exposure is approximately 68% investment-grade.
(c)Represents drawn exposure as a percent of credit exposure.
63
Loans
In its wholesale businesses, the Firm provides loans to a variety of clients, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to high-net-worth individuals. Refer to Note 11 for a further discussion on loans, including information about delinquencies, loan modifications and other credit quality indicators.
The following table presents the change in the nonaccrual loan portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Since March 31, 2023, nonaccrual loan exposure increased by $966 million driven by retained loans in Real Estate concentrated in Office and in Healthcare, reflecting downgrades, and in Individuals, predominantly driven by the impact of First Republic, partially offset by a client-specific upgrade in civic organizations.
Wholesale nonaccrual loan activity
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)
2024
2023
Beginning balance
$
2,714
$
2,395
Additions
1,505
672
Reductions:
Paydowns and other
407
267
Gross charge-offs
132
95
Returned to performing status
85
53
Sales
29
52
Total reductions
653
467
Net changes
852
205
Ending balance
$
3,566
$
2,600
The following table presents net charge-offs/recoveries, which are defined as gross charge-offs less recoveries, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The amounts in the table below do not include gains or losses from sales of nonaccrual loans recognized in noninterest revenue.
Wholesale net charge-offs/(recoveries)
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Loans
Average loans retained
$
664,588
$
601,401
Gross charge-offs
136
105
Gross recoveries collected
(50)
(22)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
86
83
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
0.05
%
0.06
%
Modified wholesale loans
The amortized cost of wholesale FDMs was $609 million and $437 million, of which $149 million and $220 million were nonaccrual loan exposure for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and Note 11 of this Form 10-Q for further information.
64
Lending-related commitments
The Firm uses lending-related financial instruments, such as commitments (including revolving credit facilities) and guarantees, to address the financing needs of its clients. The contractual amounts of these financial instruments represent the maximum possible credit risk should the clients draw down on these commitments or when the Firm fulfills its obligations under these guarantees, and the clients subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of these contracts. Most of these commitments and guarantees have historically been refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expired without being drawn upon or a default occurring. As a result, the Firm does not believe that the total contractual amount of these wholesale lending-related commitments is representative of the Firm’s expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. Refer to Note 22 for further information on wholesale lending-related commitments.
Receivables from customers
Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM that are collateralized by assets maintained in the clients’ brokerage accounts (including cash on deposit, and primarily liquid and readily marketable debt or equity securities). To manage its credit risk, the Firm establishes margin requirements and monitors the required margin levels on an ongoing basis, and requires clients to deposit additional cash or other collateral, or to reduce positions, when appropriate. Credit risk arising from lending activities subject to collateral maintenance requirements is generally mitigated by factors such as the short-term nature of the activity, the fair value of collateral held and the Firm’s right to call for, and the borrower’s obligation to provide, additional margin when the fair value of the collateral declines. Because of these mitigating factors, these receivables generally do not require an allowance for credit losses. However, if in management’s judgment, an allowance for credit losses is required, the Firm estimates expected credit losses based on the value of the collateral and probability of borrower default. These receivables are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
Refer to Note 13of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information on the Firm’s accounting policies for the allowance for credit losses.
Derivative contracts
Derivatives enable clients and counterparties to manage risk, including credit risk and risks arising from fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange and equities and commodities prices. The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet these needs and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. The Firm also uses derivative instruments to manage its own credit risk and other market risk exposure. The nature of the counterparty and the settlement mechanism of the
derivative affect the credit risk to which the Firm is exposed. For over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives, the Firm is exposed to the credit risk of the derivative counterparty. For exchange-traded derivatives (“ETD”), such as futures and options, and cleared over-the-counter (“OTC-cleared”) derivatives, the Firm can also be exposed to the credit risk of the relevant CCP. Where possible, the Firm seeks to mitigate its credit risk exposures arising from derivative contracts through the use of legally enforceable master netting arrangements and collateral agreements. The percentage of the Firm’s OTC derivative transactions subject to collateral agreements — excluding foreign exchange spot trades, which are not typically covered by collateral agreements due to their short maturity and centrally cleared trades that are settled daily — was approximately 87% at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 4 for additional information on the Firm’s use of collateral agreements and for a further discussion of derivative contracts, counterparties and settlement types.
The fair value of derivative receivables reported on the Consolidated balance sheets was $56.6 billion and $54.9 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The increase was primarily as a result of market movements. Derivative receivables represent the fair value of the derivative contracts after giving effect to legally enforceable master netting agreements and the related cash collateral held by the Firm.
In addition, the Firm holds liquid securities and other cash collateral that may be used as security when the fair value of the client’s exposure is in the Firm’s favor. For these purposes, the definition of liquid securities is consistent with the definition of high quality liquid assets as defined in the LCR rule.
In management’s view, the appropriate measure of current credit risk should also take into consideration other collateral, which generally represents securities that do not qualify as high quality liquid assets under the LCR rule. The benefits of these additional collateral amounts for each counterparty are subject to a legally enforceable master netting agreement and limited to the net amount of the derivative receivables for each counterparty.
The Firm also holds additional collateral (primarily cash, G7 government securities, other liquid government agency and guaranteed securities, and corporate debt and equity securities) delivered by clients at the initiation of transactions, as well as collateral related to contracts that have a non-daily call frequency and collateral that the Firm has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date. Although this collateral does not reduce the receivables balances and is not included in the tables below, it is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the fair value of the client’s derivative contracts move in the Firm’s favor. Refer to Note 4 for additional information on the Firm’s use of collateral agreements for derivative transactions.
65
The following tables summarize the net derivative receivables and the internal ratings profile for the periods presented.
Derivative receivables
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Total, net of cash collateral
$
56,621
$
54,864
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables
(23,012)
(22,461)
Total, net of liquid securities and other cash collateral
$
33,609
$
32,403
Other collateral held against derivative receivables
(1,159)
(993)
Total, net of collateral
$
32,450
$
31,410
Ratings profile of derivative receivables
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Exposure net of collateral
% of exposure net of collateral
Exposure net of collateral
% of exposure net of collateral
Investment-grade
$
25,251
78
%
$
24,004
76
%
Noninvestment-grade
7,199
22
7,406
(a)
24
Total
$
32,450
100
%
$
31,410
100
%
Credit portfolio management activities
The Firm uses credit derivatives for two primary purposes: first, in its capacity as a market-maker, and second, as an end-user, to manage the Firm’s own credit risk associated with traditional lending activities (loans and lending-related commitments) and derivatives counterparty exposure in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. In addition, the Firm obtains credit protection against certain loans in the retained wholesale portfolio through the issuance of credit-related notes. Information on credit portfolio management activities is provided in the table below.
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities
Notional amount of protection
purchased and sold(a)
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage:
Loans and lending-related commitments
$
24,646
$
24,157
Derivative receivables
15,742
12,832
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities
$
40,388
$
36,989
(a)Amounts are presented net, considering the Firm’s net protection purchased or sold with respect to each underlying reference entity or index.
Refer to Credit derivatives in Note 4 of this Form 10-Q and Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on credit derivatives and derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities.
66
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The Firm’s allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm's financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. The Firm's allowance for credit losses generally consists of:
•the allowance for loan losses, which covers the Firm’s retained loan portfolios (scored and risk-rated) and is presented separately on the Consolidated balance sheets,
•the allowance for lending-related commitments, which is reflected in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, and
•the allowance for credit losses on investment securities, which is reflected in investment securities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Discussion of changes in the allowance
The allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2024 was relatively flat when compared to December 31, 2023, reflecting:
•a net reduction of $142 million in wholesale, which included a net addition associated with net downgrade activity, largely in Real Estate, primarily in CB, which was more than offset by the net impact of changes in the loan and lending-related commitment portfolios, as well as updates to certain macroeconomic variables, and
•a net addition of $44 million in consumer, consisting of:
–$153 million in Card Services, primarily due to seasoning of newer vintages, largely offset by reduced borrower uncertainty,
predominantly offset by:
–a $125 million net reduction in Home Lending, primarily driven by improvements in the outlook for home prices.
The Firm has maintained the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023 to reflect downside risks as a result of persistent inflation and tightening financial conditions.
The Firm's allowance for credit losses is estimated using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios. The adverse scenarios incorporate more punitive macroeconomic factors than the central case assumptions provided in the table below, resulting in a weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking at 5.4% in the first quarter of 2025, and a weighted average U.S. real GDP level that is 1.7% lower than the central case at the end of the second quarter of 2025.
The following table presents the Firm’s central case assumptions for the periods presented:
Central case assumptions at March 31, 2024
2Q24
4Q24
2Q25
U.S. unemployment rate(a)
3.9
%
4.2
%
4.1
%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)
2.6
%
0.9
%
1.2
%
Central case assumptions at December 31, 2023
2Q24
4Q24
2Q25
U.S. unemployment rate(a)
4.1
%
4.4
%
4.1
%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)
1.8
%
0.7
%
1.0
%
(a)Reflects quarterly average of forecasted U.S. unemployment rate.
(b)The year over year growth in U.S. real GDP in the forecast horizon of the central scenario is calculated as the percentage change in U.S. real GDP levels from the prior year.
Subsequent changes to this forecast and related estimates will be reflected in the provision for credit losses in future periods.
Refer to Note 13 and Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for a description of the policies, methodologies and judgments used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses on loans, lending-related commitments, and investment securities.
Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 54-57, Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 58-66 and Note 11 for additional information on the consumer and wholesale credit portfolios.
Refer to Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 78-80 for further information on the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments.
67
Allowance for credit losses and related information
2024
2023
Three months ended March 31,
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
(in millions, except ratios)
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
1,856
$
12,450
$
8,114
$
22,420
$
2,040
$
11,200
$
6,486
$
19,726
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle(a)
NA
NA
NA
NA
(489)
(100)
2
(587)
Gross charge-offs
331
1,914
136
2,381
235
1,111
105
1,451
Gross recoveries collected
(148)
(227)
(50)
(425)
(103)
(189)
(22)
(314)
Net charge-offs
183
1,687
86
1,956
132
922
83
1,137
Provision for loan losses
56
1,837
(6)
1,887
247
1,222
578
2,047
Other
1
—
(1)
—
—
—
4
4
Ending balance at March 31,
$
1,730
$
12,600
$
8,021
$
22,351
$
1,666
$
11,400
$
6,987
$
20,053
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
75
$
—
$
1,899
$
1,974
$
76
$
—
$
2,306
$
2,382
Provision for lending-related commitments
21
—
(81)
(60)
1
—
(14)
(13)
Other
—
—
2
2
—
—
1
1
Ending balance at March 31,
$
96
$
—
$
1,820
$
1,916
$
77
$
—
$
2,293
$
2,370
Impairment methodology
Asset-specific(b)
$
(873)
$
—
$
514
$
(359)
$
(1,030)
$
—
$
437
$
(593)
Portfolio-based
2,603
12,600
7,507
22,710
2,696
11,400
6,550
20,646
Total allowance for loan losses
$
1,730
$
12,600
$
8,021
$
22,351
$
1,666
$
11,400
$
6,987
$
20,053
Impairment methodology
Asset-specific
$
—
$
—
$
85
$
85
$
—
$
—
$
45
$
45
Portfolio-based
96
—
1,735
1,831
77
—
2,248
2,325
Total allowance for lending-related commitments
$
96
$
—
$
1,820
$
1,916
$
77
$
—
$
2,293
$
2,370
Total allowance for investment securities
NA
NA
NA
$
154
NA
NA
NA
$
90
Total allowance for credit losses(c)(d)
$
1,826
$
12,600
$
9,841
$
24,421
$
1,743
$
11,400
$
9,280
$
22,513
Memo:
Retained loans, end-of-period
$
389,592
$
206,740
$
667,761
$
1,264,093
$
300,447
$
180,079
$
604,324
$
1,084,850
Retained loans, average
394,033
204,637
664,588
1,263,258
300,585
180,451
601,401
1,082,437
Credit ratios
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans
0.44
%
6.09
%
1.20
%
1.77
%
0.55
%
6.33
%
1.16
%
1.85
%
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans(e)
48
NA
274
341
43
NA
316
331
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card
48
NA
274
149
43
NA
316
143
Net charge-off/(recovery) rates
0.19
3.32
0.05
0.62
0.18
2.07
0.06
0.43
(a)Represents the impact to the allowance for loan losses upon the Firm's adoption of changes to the TDR accounting guidance on January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
(b)Includes collateral-dependent loans, including those for which foreclosure is deemed probable, and nonaccrual risk-rated loans.
(c)At March 31, 2024 and 2023, in addition to the allowance for credit losses in the table above, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $274 million and $20 million, respectively, associated with certain accounts receivable in CIB. At March 31, 2023, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $241 million associated with Other assets in Corporate.
(d)As of March 31, 2024, included the allowance for credit losses associated with First Republic.
(e)The Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.
68
Allocation of allowance for loan losses
The table below presents a breakdown of the allowance for loan losses by loan class. Refer to Note 11 for further information on loan classes.
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Allowance for loan losses
Percent of retained loans to total retained loans
Allowance for loan losses
Percent of retained loans to total retained loans
Residential real estate
$
656
25
%
$
817
25
%
Auto and other
1,074
6
1,039
6
Consumer, excluding credit card
1,730
31
1,856
31
Credit card
12,600
16
12,450
16
Total consumer
14,330
47
14,306
47
Secured by real estate
2,938
13
2,997
13
Commercial and industrial
3,508
13
3,519
13
Other
1,575
27
1,598
27
Total wholesale
8,021
53
8,114
53
Total
$
22,351
100
%
$
22,420
100
%
69
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO RISK MANAGEMENT
Investment portfolio risk is the risk associated with the loss of principal or a reduction in expected returns on investments arising from the investment securities portfolio or from principal investments. The investment securities portfolio is predominantly held by Treasury and CIO in connection with the Firm’s balance sheet and asset-liability management objectives. Principal investments are predominantly privately-held financial instruments and are managed in the LOBs and Corporate. Investments are typically intended to be held over extended periods and, accordingly, the Firm has no expectation for short-term realized gains with respect to these investments.
Investment securities risk
Investment securities risk includes the exposure associated with a default in the payment of principal and interest. This risk is mitigated given that the investment securities portfolio held by Treasury and CIO predominantly consists of high-quality securities. At March 31, 2024, the Treasury and CIO investment securities portfolio, net of the allowance for credit losses, was $568.3 billion, and the average credit rating of the securities comprising the portfolio was AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings). Refer to Corporate segment results on pages 35-36 and Note 9 for further information on the investment securities portfolio and internal risk ratings. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 44-51 for further information on related liquidity risk. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 71-76 for further information on the market risk inherent in the portfolio.
Principal investment risk
Principal investments are typically privately-held financial instruments representing ownership interests or other forms of junior capital. In general, principal investments include tax-oriented investments and investments made to enhance or accelerate the Firm’s business strategies and exclude those that are consolidated on the Firm's balance sheets. These investments are made by dedicated investing businesses or as part of a broader business strategy. The Firm’s principal investments are managed by the LOBs and Corporate and are reflected within their respective financial results. The Firm’s investments will continue to evolve based on market circumstances and in line with its strategic initiatives, including the Firm’s environmental and social goals.
The table below presents the aggregate carrying values of the principal investment portfolios as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(in billions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Tax-oriented investments, primarily in alternative energy and affordable housing(a)
$
31.1
$
28.8
Private equity, various debt and equity instruments, and real assets
10.5
10.5
Total carrying value
$
41.6
$
39.3
(a)Effective January 1, 2024, the Firm adopted updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance. Refer to Note 13 for additional information.
Refer to page 134 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s Investment Portfolio Risk Management governance and oversight.
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MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
Market risk is the risk associated with the effect of changes in market factors such as interest and foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices, credit spreads or implied volatilities, on the value of assets and liabilities held for both the short and long term. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 135–143 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s Market Risk Management organization, market risk measurement, risk monitoring and control, and predominant business activities that give rise to market risk.
Models used to measure market risk are inherently imprecise and are limited in their ability to measure certain risks or to predict losses. This imprecision may be heightened when sudden or severe shifts in market conditions occur. For additional discussion on model uncertainty refer to Estimations and Model Risk Management on page 154 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K.
Market Risk Management periodically reviews the Firm’s existing market risk measures to identify opportunities for enhancement, and to the extent appropriate, will calibrate those measures accordingly over time.
Value-at-risk
JPMorgan Chase utilizes value-at-risk (“VaR”), a statistical risk measure, to estimate the potential loss from adverse market moves in the current market environment. The Firm has a single VaR framework used as a basis for calculating Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR.
The Firm’s Risk Management VaR is calculated assuming a one-day holding period and an expected tail-loss methodology which approximates a 95% confidence level. For risk management purposes, the Firm believes this methodology provides a daily measure of risk that is closely aligned to risk management decisions made by the LOBs and Corporate and, along with other market risk measures, provides the appropriate information needed to respond to risk events. The Firm calculates separately a daily aggregated VaR in accordance with regulatory rules (“Regulatory VaR”), which is used to derive the Firm’s regulatory VaR-based capital requirements under Basel III.
The Firm’s VaR model calculations are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s portfolios, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s modeling techniques and measurements, and other factors. Such changes may affect historical comparisons of VaR results. Refer to Estimations and Model Risk Management on page 154 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for information regarding model reviews and approvals.
Refer to page 137 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information regarding VaR, including the inherent limitations, and the key differences between Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR. Refer to JPMorgan Chase’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for additional information on Regulatory VaR and the other components of market risk regulatory capital for the Firm (e.g., VaR-based measure, stressed VaR-based measure and the respective backtesting). Refer to Other risk measures on pages 140–143 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information regarding nonstatistical market risk measures used by the Firm.
71
The table below shows the results of the Firm’s Risk Management VaR measure using a 95% confidence level. VaR can vary significantly as positions change, market volatility fluctuates, and diversification benefits change.
Total VaR
Three months ended
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
March 31, 2023
(in millions)
Avg.
Min
Max
Avg.
Min
Max
Avg.
Min
Max
CIB trading VaR by risk type
Fixed income
$
35
$
30
$
39
$
35
$
31
$
40
$
56
$
45
$
71
Foreign exchange
13
8
19
10
7
16
10
6
17
Equities
6
4
13
5
3
9
7
5
10
Commodities and other
7
6
10
8
6
10
15
11
19
Diversification benefit to CIB trading VaR(a)
(29)
NM
NM
(29)
NM
NM
(44)
NM
NM
CIB trading VaR
32
27
40
29
24
35
44
34
55
Credit Portfolio VaR(b)
24
20
28
16
13
26
11
8
17
Diversification benefit to CIB VaR(a)
(15)
NM
NM
(13)
NM
NM
(10)
NM
NM
CIB VaR
41
36
50
32
23
38
45
35
58
CCB VaR
3
1
6
4
1
7
11
6
15
Corporate and other LOB VaR(c)
14
13
15
10
9
15
15
13
17
Diversification benefit to other VaR(a)
(3)
NM
NM
(3)
NM
NM
(8)
NM
NM
Other VaR
14
12
16
11
9
16
18
14
22
Diversification benefit to CIB and other VaR(a)
(7)
NM
NM
(8)
NM
NM
(16)
NM
NM
Total VaR
$
48
$
43
$
58
$
35
$
26
$
44
$
47
$
37
$
57
(a)Diversification benefit represents the difference between the portfolio VaR and the sum of its individual components. This reflects the non-additive nature of VaR due to imperfect correlation across LOBs, Corporate, and risk types. For maximum and minimum VaR, diversification benefit is not meaningful as the maximum and minimum VaR for each portfolio may have occurred on different trading days than the components.
(b)Includes the derivative CVA, hedges of the CVA and credit protection purchased against certain retained loans and lending-related commitments, which are reported in principal transactions revenue. This VaR does not include the retained loan portfolio, which is not reported at fair value. In line with the Firm's internal model governance, the credit risk component of CVA related to certain counterparties was removed from Credit Portfolio VaR due to the widening of the credit spreads for those counterparties to elevated levels. The related hedges were also removed to maintain consistency. This exposure is now reflected in other sensitivity-based measures.
(c)Includes average AWM VaR of $9 million for the period ended March 31, 2024 associated with credit protection purchased against certain retained loans and lending-related commitments, which are reported in principal transactions revenue. This VaR does not include the retained loan portfolio, which is not reported at fair value. Also includes a legacy private equity position in Corporate which is publicly traded.
Quarter over quarter results
Average total VaR increased by $13 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, when compared with December 31, 2023, predominantly driven by credit protection purchased against certain retained loans and lending-related commitments within Credit Portfolio VaR and Corporate and other LOB VaR.
Year over year results
Average total VaR increased by $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with the same period in the prior year driven by credit protection purchased against certain retained loans and lending-related commitments within Credit Portfolio VaR and Corporate and other LOB VaR, predominantly offset by market volatility rolling out of the one-year historical look-back period which had impacted fixed income and commodities.
The following graph presents daily Risk Management VaR for the five trailing quarters.
Daily Risk Management VaR
First Quarter 2023
Second Quarter 2023
Third Quarter 2023
Fourth Quarter 2023
First Quarter 2024
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VaR backtesting
The Firm performs daily VaR model backtesting, which compares the daily Risk Management VaR results with the daily gains and losses that are utilized for VaR backtesting purposes. The gains and losses depicted in the chart below do not reflect the Firm’s reported revenue as they exclude certain components of total net revenue, such as those associated with the execution of new transactions (i.e., intraday client-driven trading and intraday risk management activities), fees, commissions, other valuation adjustments and net interest income. These excluded components of total net revenue may more than offset the backtesting gain or loss on a particular day. The definition of backtesting gains and losses above is consistent with the requirements for backtesting under Basel III capital rules.
A backtesting exception occurs when the daily backtesting loss exceeds the daily Risk Management VaR for the prior day. Under the Firm’s Risk Management VaR methodology, assuming current changes in market values are consistent with the historical changes used in the simulation, the Firm would expect to incur VaR backtesting exceptions five times every 100 trading days on average. The number of VaR backtesting exceptions observed can differ from the statistically expected number of backtesting exceptions if the current level of market volatility is materially different from the level of market volatility during the 12 months of historical data used in the VaR calculation.
For the 12 months ended March 31, 2024, the Firm posted backtesting gains on 144 of the 258 days, and observed eleven VaR backtesting exceptions. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Firm posted backtesting gains on 49 of the 64 days, and did not observe any VaR backtesting exceptions.
The following chart presents the distribution of Firmwide daily backtesting gains and losses for the trailing 12 months and three months ended March 31, 2024. The daily backtesting losses are displayed as a percentage of the corresponding daily Risk Management VaR. The count of days with backtesting losses are shown in aggregate, in fifty percentage point intervals. Backtesting exceptions are displayed within the intervals that are greater than one hundred percent. The results in the chart below differ from the results of backtesting disclosed in the Market Risk section of the Firm’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are based on Regulatory VaR applied to the Firm’s covered positions.
Distribution of Daily Backtesting Gains and Losses
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Structural interest rate risk management
The effect of interest rate exposure on the Firm’s reported net income is important as interest rate risk represents one of the Firm’s significant market risks. Interest rate risk arises not only from trading activities which are included in VaR, but also from the Firm’s traditional banking activities, which include extension of loans and credit facilities, taking deposits, issuing debt, as well as the investment securities portfolio, and associated derivative instruments.
Refer to the table on page 136 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a summary by LOB and Corporate identifying positions included in earnings-at-risk.
Earnings-at-Risk
One way that the Firm evaluates its structural interest rate risk is through earnings-at-risk. Earnings-at-risk estimates the Firm’s interest rate exposure for a given interest rate scenario. It is presented as a sensitivity to a baseline, which includes net interest income and certain interest rate sensitive fees. The baseline uses market interest rates and, in the case of deposits, pricing assumptions. The Firm conducts simulations of changes to this baseline for interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars and other currencies (“non-U.S. dollar” currencies). These simulations primarily include retained loans, deposits, deposits with banks, investment securities, long-term debt and any related interest rate hedges, and funds transfer pricing of other positions in risk management VaR and other sensitivity-based measures as described on page 136 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K. These simulations exclude hedges of exposure from non-U.S. dollar foreign exchange risk arising from the Firm’s capital investments. The inclusion of the hedges in these simulations would increase U.S. dollar sensitivities and decrease non-U.S. dollar sensitivities. Refer to non-U.S. dollar foreign exchange risk on page 143 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for more information.
Earnings-at-risk scenarios estimate the potential change to a net interest income baseline, over the following 12 months utilizing multiple assumptions. These scenarios include a parallel shift involving changes to both short-term and long-term rates by an equal amount; a steeper yield curve involving holding short-term rates constant and increasing long-term rates; and a flatter yield curve involving increasing short-term rates and holding long-term rates constant or holding short-term rates constant and decreasing long-term rates. These scenarios consider many different factors, including:
•The impact on exposures as a result of instantaneous changes in interest rates from baseline rates.
•Forecasted balance sheet, as well as modeled prepayment and reinvestment behavior, but excluding assumptions about actions that could be taken by the Firm or its clients and customers in response to instantaneous rate changes. Mortgage prepayment assumptions are based on the interest rates used in the scenarios compared with underlying contractual rates, the time since origination, and other factors which are updated periodically based on historical experience. Deposit forecasts are a key assumption in the Firm's earnings-at-risk. The baseline reflects certain assumptions relating to the reversal of Quantitative Easing that are highly uncertain and require management judgment. Therefore, the actual amount of deposits held by the Firm, at any particular time, could be impacted by actions the Federal Reserve may take as part of monetary policy, including through the use of the Reverse Repurchase Facility. In addition, there are other factors that impact the amount of deposits held at the Firm such as the level of loans across the industry and competition for deposits.
•The pricing sensitivity of deposits, known as deposit betas, represent the amount by which deposit rates paid could change upon a given change in market interest rates. Actual deposit rates paid may differ from the modeled assumptions, primarily due to customer behavior and competition for deposits.
The Firm performs sensitivity analyses of the assumptions used in earnings-at-risk scenarios, including with respect to deposit betas and forecasts of deposit balances, both of which are especially significant in the case of consumer deposits. The results of these sensitivity analyses are reported to the CTC Risk Committee and the Board Risk Committee.
The Firm’s earnings-at-risk scenarios are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s balance sheet, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s simulation and other factors. The Firm is currently evaluating updates to deposit rates paid used in its earnings-at-risk scenarios considering observed pricing and client and customer behavior. In the current environment, incorporating these updated deposit rates paid would affect the U.S. dollar scenarios, with higher interest rate scenarios expected to result in an increase in positive sensitivity, and lower interest rate scenarios expected to result in an increase in negative sensitivity, with respect to the Firm’s earnings-at-risk.While a relevant measure of the Firm’s interest rate exposure, the earnings-at-risk analysis does not represent a forecast of the Firm’s net interest income (Refer to Outlook on page 8 for additional information).
74
The Firm’s U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar sensitivities are presented in the table below.
(In billions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
U.S. dollar:
Parallel shift: (a)
+100 bps shift in rates
$
2.1
$
2.4
-100 bps shift in rates
(1.6)
(2.1)
+200 bps shift in rates
4.0
4.8
-200 bps shift in rates
(3.3)
(4.6)
Steeper yield curve:
+100 bps shift in long-term rates
0.6
0.6
-100 bps shift in short-term rates
(1.0)
(1.5)
Flatter yield curve:
+100 bps shift in short-term rates
1.4
1.8
-100 bps shift in long-term rates
(0.6)
(0.5)
Non-U.S. dollar:
Parallel shift: (a)
+100 bps shift in rates
$
0.7
$
0.7
-100 bps shift in rates
(0.7)
(0.7)
(a)Reflects the simultaneous shift of U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar rates.
The change in the Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivities as of March 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023 primarily reflected the impact of changes in the Firm’s balance sheet.
As of March 31, 2024, the Firm’s sensitivity to the +/-100 basis points parallel shift in rates is primarily the result of a greater impact from assets repricing compared to the impact of liabilities repricing.
Economic Value Sensitivity
In addition to earnings-at-risk, which is measured as a sensitivity to a baseline of earnings over the next 12 months, the Firm also measures Economic Value Sensitivity (“EVS”). EVS stress tests the longer-term economic value of equity by measuring the sensitivity of the Firm’s current balance sheet, primarily retained loans, deposits, debt and investment securities as well as related hedges, under various interest rate scenarios. The Firm's pricing and cash flow assumptions associated with deposits, as well as prepayment assumptions for loans and securities, are significant factors in the EVS measure. In accordance with the CTC interest rate risk management policy, the Firm has established limits on EVS as a percentage of TCE.
Certain assumptions used in the EVS measure may differ from those required in the fair value disclosure. For example, certain assets and liabilities with no stated maturity, such as credit card receivables and deposits, have longer assumed durations in the EVS measure. Additional information on long-term debt and held to maturity investment securities is disclosed on page 101 in Note 2 financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on the Consolidated balance sheets.
75
Other sensitivity-based measures
The Firm quantifies the market risk of certain debt and equity and credit and funding-related exposures by assessing the potential impact on net revenue, other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and noninterest expense due to changes in relevant market variables. Refer to the predominant business activities that give rise to market risk on page 136 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the positions captured in other sensitivity-based measures.
The table below represents the potential impact to net revenue, OCI or noninterest expense for market risk-sensitive instruments that are not included in VaR or earnings-at-risk. Where appropriate, instruments used for hedging purposes are reported net of the positions being hedged. The sensitivities disclosed in the table below may not be representative of the actual gain or loss that would have been realized at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, as the movement in market parameters across maturities may vary and are not intended to imply management’s expectation of future changes in these sensitivities.
Gain/(loss) (in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Activity
Description
Sensitivity measure
Debt and equity(a)
Asset Management activities
Consists of seed capital and related hedges; fund co-investments(c); and certain deferred compensation and related hedges(d)
10% decline in market value
$
(60)
$
(61)
Other debt and equity
Consists of certain real estate-related fair value option elected loans, privately held equity and other investments held at fair value(c)
10% decline in market value
(1,042)
(1,044)
Credit- and funding-related exposures
Non-USD LTD cross-currency basis
Represents the basis risk on derivatives used to hedge the foreign exchange risk on the non-USD LTD(e)
1 basis point parallel tightening of cross currency basis
Primarily represents the foreign exchange revaluation on the fair value of the derivative hedges(e)
10% depreciation of currency
19
16
Derivatives – funding spread risk
Impact of changes in the spread related to derivatives FVA(c)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
(3)
(3)
CVA - counterparty credit risk(b)
Credit risk component of CVA and associated hedges
10% credit spread widening
—
—
Fair value option elected liabilities – funding spread risk
Impact of changes in the spread related to fair value option elected liabilities DVA(e)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
47
46
Fair value option elected liabilities – interest rate sensitivity
Interest rate sensitivity on fair value option elected liabilities resulting from a change in the Firm’s own credit spread(e)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
—
—
Interest rate sensitivity related to risk management of changes in the Firm’s own credit spread on the fair value option elected liabilities noted above(c)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
—
—
(a)Excludes equity securities without readily determinable fair values that are measured under the measurement alternative. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.
(b)In line with the Firm's internal model governance, the credit risk component of CVA related to certain counterparties was removed from Credit Portfolio VaR due to the widening of the credit spreads for those counterparties to elevated levels. The related hedges were also removed to maintain consistency. This exposure is now reflected in other sensitivity-based measures.
(c)Impact recognized through net revenue.
(d)Impact recognized through noninterest expense.
(e)Impact recognized through OCI.
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COUNTRY RISK MANAGEMENT
The Firm, through its LOBs and Corporate, may be exposed to country risk resulting from financial, economic, political or other significant developments which adversely affect the value of the Firm’s exposures related to a particular country or set of countries. The Country Risk Management group actively monitors the various portfolios which may be impacted by these developments and measures the extent to which the Firm’s exposures are diversified given the Firm’s strategy and risk tolerance relative to a country.
Refer to pages 144–145 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s country risk management.
Risk Reporting
The following table presents the Firm’s top 20 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) as of March 31, 2024 and their comparative exposures as of December 31, 2023. The top 20 country exposures represent the Firm’s largest total exposures by individual country. Country exposures may fluctuate from period to period due to a variety of factors, including client activity, market flows and liquidity management activities undertaken by the Firm.
The Firm continues to monitor its exposure to Russia which was approximately $350 million as of March 31, 2024, driven by cash placed with the central bank. This amount excludes deposits placed on behalf of clients at the Deposit Insurance Agency of Russia. See Note 24 on pages 167-168 for information concerning Russian litigation.
Top 20 country exposures (excluding the U.S.)(a)
(in billions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023(f)
Deposits with banks(b)
Lending(c)
Trading and investing(d)
Other(e)
Total exposure
Total exposure
Germany
$
77.5
$
13.9
$
3.6
$
0.7
$
95.7
$
84.8
United Kingdom
32.1
23.2
10.2
1.7
67.2
77.1
Japan
34.9
2.6
2.9
0.4
40.8
36.0
Canada
1.6
11.5
4.8
0.2
18.1
16.0
Australia
6.7
6.7
1.7
—
15.1
18.3
Brazil
2.6
4.9
7.2
—
14.7
16.7
China
2.4
6.2
5.4
0.1
14.1
14.0
France
0.5
10.5
1.7
0.8
13.5
10.1
India
1.3
4.3
6.8
0.4
12.8
9.7
Switzerland
5.0
3.6
0.9
1.9
11.4
10.9
South Korea
0.7
3.0
4.8
0.4
8.9
7.8
Saudi Arabia
0.9
4.9
2.3
—
8.1
7.7
Singapore
1.9
2.4
3.2
0.3
7.8
9.8
Mexico
0.4
3.5
3.7
—
7.6
8.2
Belgium
4.9
1.7
0.4
—
7.0
8.0
Italy
0.1
6.2
(0.1)
0.2
6.4
6.0
Netherlands
—
6.5
(1.9)
0.3
4.9
5.6
Spain
0.3
4.6
(0.4)
—
4.5
6.3
United Arab Emirates
0.1
2.4
1.7
—
4.2
3.6
Luxembourg
0.9
2.0
1.3
—
4.2
4.0
(a)Country exposures presented in the table reflect 88% and 87% of total Firmwide non-U.S. exposure, where exposure is attributed to an individual country based on the Firm’s internal country risk management approach, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(b)Predominantly represents cash placed with central banks.
(c)Includes loans and accrued interest receivable, lending-related commitments (net of eligible collateral and the allowance for credit losses). Excludes intra-day and operating exposures, such as those from settlement and clearing activities.
(d)Includes market-making positions and hedging, investment securities, and counterparty exposure on derivative and securities financings net of eligible collateral. Market-making positions and hedging includes exposure from single reference entity (“single-name”), index and other multiple reference entity transactions for which one or more of the underlying reference entities is in a country listed in the above table.
(e)Includes physical commodities inventory and clearing house guarantee funds.
(f)The country rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2023, are based on the country rankings of the corresponding exposures at March 31, 2024, not actual rankings of such exposures at December 31, 2023.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES USED BY THE FIRM
JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies and use of estimates are integral to understanding its reported results. The Firm’s most complex accounting estimates require management’s judgment to ascertain the appropriate carrying value of assets and liabilities. The Firm has established policies and control procedures intended to ensure that estimation methods, including any judgments made as part of such methods, are well-controlled, independently reviewed and applied consistently from period to period. The methods used and judgments made reflect, among other factors, the nature of the assets or liabilities and the related business and risk management strategies, which may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios. In addition, the policies and procedures are intended to ensure that the process for changing methodologies occurs in an appropriate manner. The Firm believes its estimates for determining the carrying value of its assets and liabilities are appropriate. The following is a brief description of the Firm’s critical accounting estimates involving significant judgments.
Allowance for credit losses
The Firm’s allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm’s financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. The allowance for credit losses generally comprises:
•The allowance for loan losses, which covers the Firm’s retained loan portfolios (scored and risk-rated),
•The allowance for lending-related commitments, and
•The allowance for credit losses on investment securities.
The allowance for credit losses involves significant judgment on a number of matters including development and weighting of macroeconomic forecasts, incorporation of historical loss experience, assessment of risk characteristics, assignment of risk ratings, valuation of collateral, and the determination of remaining expected life. Refer to Note 10 and Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information on these judgments as well as the Firm’s policies and methodologies used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses, and Allowance for credit losses on pages 67-69 and Note 12 of this Form 10-Q for further information.
One of the most significant judgments involved in estimating the Firm’s allowance for credit losses relates to the macroeconomic forecasts used to estimate credit losses over the eight-quarter forecast period within the Firm’s methodology. The eight-quarter forecast incorporates hundreds of macroeconomic variables ("MEVs") that are relevant for exposures across the Firm, with modeled credit losses being driven primarily by a subset of less than twenty variables. The specific variables that have the greatest effect on the modeled losses vary by portfolio and geography.
•Key MEVs for the consumer portfolio include regional U.S. unemployment rates and U.S. HPI.
•Key MEVs for the wholesale portfolio include U.S. unemployment, U.S. real GDP, U.S. equity prices, U.S. interest rates, U.S. corporate credit spreads, oil prices, U.S. commercial real estate prices and U.S. HPI.
Changes in the Firm’s assumptions and forecasts of economic conditions could significantly affect its estimate of expected credit losses in the portfolio at the balance sheet date or lead to significant changes in the estimate from one reporting period to the next.
As a result of the First Republic acquisition, the Firm recorded an allowance for credit losses for the loans acquired and lending-related commitments assumed as of May 1, 2023. Given the differences in risk rating methodologies for the First Republic portfolio, and the ongoing integration of products and systems, the allowance for credit losses for the acquired wholesale portfolio was measured based on other facilities underwritten by the Firm with similar risk characteristics and not based on modeled estimates. As such, the First Republic wholesale portfolio is excluded from the modeled estimates sensitivity analysis below. The allowance for credit losses for predominantly all of the consumer portfolio was measured using the Firm’s modeled approach, as the consumer portfolio is predominantly residential real estate that has more commonly defined risk characteristics including loan to value ratio and credit score, and therefore is reflected in the sensitivity analysis below. Refer to Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
It is difficult to estimate how potential changes in any one factor or input might affect the overall allowance for credit losses because management considers a wide variety of factors and inputs in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Changes in the factors and inputs considered may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all geographies or product types, and changes in factors and inputs may be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor or input may offset deterioration in others.
To consider the impact of a hypothetical alternate macroeconomic forecast, the Firm compared the modeled credit losses determined using its central and relative adverse macroeconomic scenarios, which are two of the five scenarios considered in estimating the allowances for loan losses and lending-related commitments. The central and relative adverse scenarios each included a full suite of MEVs, but differed in the levels, paths and peaks/troughs of those variables over the eight-quarter forecast period.
For example, compared to the Firm’s central scenario shown on page 143 and in Note 12, the Firm’s relative adverse scenario assumes an elevated U.S. unemployment rate, averaging approximately 2.2% higher over the eight-quarter forecast, with a peak difference of approximately 2.9% in the first quarter of 2025.
78
This analysis is not intended to estimate expected future changes in the allowance for credit losses, for a number of reasons, including:
•The allowance as of March 31, 2024, reflects credit losses beyond those estimated under the central scenario due to the weight placed on the adverse scenarios.
•The impacts of changes in many MEVs are both interrelated and nonlinear, so the results of this analysis cannot be simply extrapolated for more severe changes in macroeconomic variables.
•Expectations of future changes in portfolio composition and borrower behavior can significantly affect the allowance for credit losses.
To demonstrate the sensitivity of credit loss estimates to macroeconomic forecasts as of March 31, 2024, the Firm compared the modeled estimates under its relative adverse scenario to its central scenario. Without considering offsetting or correlated effects in other qualitative components of the Firm’s allowance for credit losses, the comparison between these two scenarios for the exposures below reflect the following differences:
•An increase of approximately $800 million for residential real estate loans and lending-related commitments
•An increase of approximately $3.2 billion for credit card loans
▪An increase of approximately $3.7 billion for wholesale loans and lending-related commitments
This analysis relates only to the modeled credit loss estimates and is not intended to estimate changes in the overall allowance for credit losses as it does not reflect any potential changes in other adjustments to the quantitative calculation, which would also be influenced by the judgment management applies to the modeled lifetime loss estimates to reflect the uncertainty and imprecision of these modeled lifetime loss estimates based on then-current circumstances and conditions.
Recognizing that forecasts of macroeconomic conditions are inherently uncertain, the Firm believes that its process to consider the available information and associated risks and uncertainties is appropriately governed and that its estimates of expected credit losses were reasonable and appropriate for the period ended March 31, 2024.
Fair value
JPMorgan Chase carries a portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. The majority of such assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including derivatives, structured note products and certain securities financing agreements. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including certain mortgage, home equity and other loans, where the carrying value is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.
Assets measured at fair value
The following table includes the Firm’s assets measured at fair value and the portion of such assets that are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 2 for further information.
March 31, 2024 (in millions, except ratios)
Total assets at fair value
Total level 3 assets
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
324,418
$
—
Securities borrowed
84,258
—
Trading assets:
Trading–debt and equity instruments
697,741
2,356
Derivative receivables(a)
56,621
10,056
Total trading assets
754,362
12,412
AFS securities
236,152
—
Loans
39,046
2,901
MSRs
8,605
8,605
Other
14,639
811
Total assets measuredat fair value on a recurring basis
1,461,480
24,729
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
1,561
681
Total assets measuredat fair value
$
1,463,041
$
25,410
Total Firm assets
$
4,090,727
Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets(a)
1
%
Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value(a)
2
%
(a)For purposes of the table above, the derivative receivables total reflects the impact of netting adjustments; however, the $10.1 billion of derivative receivables classified as level 3 does not reflect the netting adjustment as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.
79
Valuation
Estimating fair value requires the application of judgment. The type and level of judgment required is largely dependent on the amount of observable market information available to the Firm. For instruments valued using internally developed valuation models and other valuation techniques that use significant unobservable inputs and are therefore classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, judgments used to estimate fair value are more significant than those required when estimating the fair value of instruments classified within levels 1 and 2.
In arriving at an estimate of fair value for an instrument within level 3, management must first determine the appropriate valuation model or other valuation technique to use. Second, the lack of observability of certain significant inputs requires management to assess relevant empirical data in deriving valuation inputs including, for example, transaction details, yield curves, interest rates, prepayment speeds, default rates, volatilities, correlations, prices (such as commodity, equity or debt prices), valuations of comparable instruments, foreign exchange rates and credit curves. Refer to Note 2 for a further discussion of the valuation of level 3 instruments, including unobservable inputs used.
For instruments classified in levels 2 and 3, management judgment must be applied to assess the appropriate level of valuation adjustments to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Firm’s creditworthiness, market funding rates, liquidity considerations, unobservable parameters, and for portfolios that meet specified criteria, the size of the net open risk position. The judgments made are typically affected by the type of product and its specific contractual terms, and the level of liquidity for the product or within the market as a whole. In periods of heightened market volatility and uncertainty judgments are further affected by the wider variation of reasonable valuation estimates, particularly for positions that are less liquid. Refer to Note 2 for a further discussion of valuation adjustments applied by the Firm.
Imprecision in estimating unobservable market inputs or other factors can affect the amount of gain or loss recorded for a particular position. Furthermore, while the Firm believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those of other market participants, the methods and assumptions used reflect management judgment and may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios.
The Firm uses various methodologies and assumptions in the determination of fair value. The use of methodologies or assumptions different than those used by the Firm could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Refer to Note 2 for a detailed discussion of the Firm’s valuation process and hierarchy, and its determination of fair value for individual financial instruments.
Credit card rewards liability
The credit card rewards liability was $13.2 billion at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and is recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. Refer to pages 157-158 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a description of the significant assumptions and sensitivities, associated with the Firm’s credit card rewards liability.
Income taxes
Refer to Income taxes on page 158 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a description of the significant assumptions, judgments and interpretations associated with the accounting for income taxes.
Goodwill impairment
Management applies significant judgment when testing goodwill for impairment. Refer to Goodwill impairment on page 157 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a description of the significant valuation judgments associated with goodwill impairment.
Refer to Note 14 for additional information on goodwill, including the goodwill impairment assessment as of March 31, 2024.
Litigation reserves
Refer to Note 24 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 30 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a description of the significant estimates and judgments associated with establishing litigation reserves.
80
ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS
FASB Standards Adopted since January 1, 2024
Standard
Summary of guidance
Effects on financial statements
Fair Value Measurement: Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions
Issued June 2022
•Clarifies that a contractual sale restriction is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value.
•Requires disclosure for investments in equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions, including: 1) fair value of these investments, 2) nature and remaining duration of the restriction(s) and 3) circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restriction(s).
•Adopted prospectively on January 1, 2024, with no impact to the Firm’s consolidated financial statements.
Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method
Issued March 2023
•Expands the ability to elect proportional amortization on a program-by-program basis, for additional types of tax-oriented investments (beyond affordable housing tax credit investments).
•May be adopted using a full retrospective method, or a modified retrospective method wherein the effect of adoption is reflected as an adjustment to retained earnings at the effective date.
•Adopted under the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2024.
•Refer to Note 1 for further information.
FASB Standards Issued but not yet Adopted
Standard
Summary of guidance
Effects on financial statements
Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures
Issued November 2023
•Requires disclosure of significant segment expenses that are readily provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included in segment profit or loss.
•Requires disclosure of the composition and aggregate amount of other segment items, which represent the difference between profit or loss and segment revenues less significant segment expenses.
•Requires disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported segment measures in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources.
•Required effective date: Annual financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2024 and for interim financial statements thereafter.(a)
•The Firm is currently assessing the potential impact on its segment disclosures.
Income Taxes: Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
Issued December 2023
•Requires disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by 1) federal, state, and foreign taxes and 2) individual jurisdiction on the basis of a quantitative threshold of equal to or greater than 5 percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received).
•Requires disclosure of the effective tax rate reconciliation by specific categories, at a minimum, with accompanying qualitative disclosures, and separate disclosure of reconciling items based on quantitative thresholds.
•Requires categories within the effective tax rate reconciliation to be further disaggregated if quantitative thresholds are met.
•Required effective date: Annual financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2025.(a)
•The guidance can be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively.
•The Firm is evaluating the potential impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements disclosures, as well as the Firm’s planned date of adoption.
(a) Early adoption is permitted.
81
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
From time to time, the Firm has made and will make forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipate,” “target,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “believe,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements provide JPMorgan Chase’s current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. JPMorgan Chase’s disclosures in this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Firm also may make forward-looking statements in its other documents filed or furnished with the SEC. In addition, the Firm’s senior management may make forward-looking statements orally to investors, analysts, representatives of the media and others.
All forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Firm’s control. JPMorgan Chase’s actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in its forward-looking statements. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements:
•Local, regional and global business, economic and political conditions and geopolitical events, including geopolitical tensions and hostilities;
•Changes in laws, rules and regulatory requirements, including capital and liquidity requirements affecting the Firm’s businesses, and the ability of the Firm to address those requirements;
•Heightened regulatory and governmental oversight and scrutiny of JPMorgan Chase’s business practices, including dealings with retail customers;
•Changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws;
•Changes in the level of inflation;
•Changes in income tax laws, rules and regulations;
•Changes in FDIC assessments;
•Securities and capital markets behavior, including changes in market liquidity and volatility;
•Changes in investor sentiment or consumer spending or savings behavior;
•Ability of the Firm to manage effectively its capital and liquidity;
•Changes in credit ratings assigned to the Firm or its subsidiaries;
•Damage to the Firm’s reputation;
•Ability of the Firm to appropriately address social, environmental and sustainability concerns that may arise, including from its business activities;
•Ability of the Firm to deal effectively with an economic slowdown or other economic or market disruption, including, but not limited to, in the interest rate environment;
•Technology changes instituted by the Firm, its counterparties or competitors;
•The effectiveness of the Firm’s control agenda;
•Ability of the Firm to develop or discontinue products and services, and the extent to which products or services previously sold by the Firm require the Firm to incur liabilities or absorb losses not contemplated at their initiation or origination;
•Acceptance of the Firm’s new and existing products and services by the marketplace and the ability of the Firm to innovate and to increase market share;
•Ability of the Firm to attract and retain qualified and diverse employees;
•Ability of the Firm to control expenses;
•Competitive pressures;
•Changes in the credit quality of the Firm’s clients, customers and counterparties;
•Adequacy of the Firm’s risk management framework, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;
•Adverse judicial or regulatory proceedings;
•Ability of the Firm to determine accurate values of certain assets and liabilities;
•Occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or calamities, including health emergencies, the spread of infectious diseases, epidemics or pandemics, an outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other geopolitical instabilities, the effects of climate change or extraordinary events beyond the Firm's control, and the Firm’s ability to deal effectively with disruptions caused by the foregoing;
•Ability of the Firm to maintain the security of its financial, accounting, technology, data processing and other operational systems and facilities;
•Ability of the Firm to withstand disruptions that may be caused by any failure of its operational systems or those of third parties;
•Ability of the Firm to effectively defend itself against cyber attacks and other attempts by unauthorized parties to access information of the Firm or its customers or to disrupt the Firm’s systems; and
•The other risks and uncertainties detailed in Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors in JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K.
Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Firm speak only as of the date they are made, and JPMorgan Chase does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements. The reader should, however, consult any further disclosures of a forward-looking nature the Firm may make in any subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K.
82
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of income (unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)
2024
2023
Revenue
Investment banking fees
$
1,954
$
1,649
Principal transactions
6,790
7,615
Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,902
1,620
Asset management fees
4,146
3,465
Commissions and other fees
1,805
1,695
Investment securities losses
(366)
(868)
Mortgage fees and related income
275
221
Card income
1,218
1,234
Other income
1,128
1,007
Noninterest revenue
18,852
17,638
Interest income
47,438
37,004
Interest expense
24,356
16,293
Net interest income
23,082
20,711
Total net revenue
41,934
38,349
Provision for credit losses
1,884
2,275
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
13,118
11,676
Occupancy expense
1,211
1,115
Technology, communications and equipment expense
2,421
2,184
Professional and outside services
2,548
2,448
Marketing
1,160
1,045
Other expense
2,299
1,639
Total noninterest expense
22,757
20,107
Income before income tax expense
17,293
15,967
Income tax expense
3,874
3,345
Net income
$
13,419
$
12,622
Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
12,942
$
12,193
Net income per common share data
Basic earnings per share
$
4.45
$
4.11
Diluted earnings per share
4.44
4.10
Weighted-average basic shares
2,908.3
2,968.5
Weighted-average diluted shares
2,912.8
2,972.7
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
83
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Net income
$
13,419
$
12,622
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
141
2,212
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
(204)
197
Fair value hedges
(21)
(21)
Cash flow hedges
(889)
798
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
26
(55)
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
(249)
(208)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
(1,196)
2,923
Comprehensive income
$
12,223
$
15,545
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
84
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited)
(in millions, except share data)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and due from banks
$
22,750
$
29,066
Deposits with banks
539,366
595,085
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (included $324,418 and $259,813 at fair value)
330,559
276,152
Securities borrowed (included $84,258and $70,086 at fair value)
198,336
200,436
Trading assets (included assets pledged of $180,196and $128,994)
754,409
540,607
Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $239,813 and $205,456; included assets pledged of $10,806and $9,219)
236,152
201,704
Held-to-maturity securities
334,527
369,848
Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
570,679
571,552
Loans (included $39,046and $38,851 at fair value)
1,309,616
1,323,706
Allowance for loan losses
(22,351)
(22,420)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
1,287,265
1,301,286
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
129,823
107,363
Premises and equipment
30,279
30,157
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets
64,374
64,381
Other assets (included $15,645and $12,306 at fair value and assets pledged of $9,811and $6,764)
162,887
159,308
Total assets(a)
$
4,090,727
$
3,875,393
Liabilities
Deposits (included $80,578and $78,384 at fair value)
$
2,428,409
$
2,400,688
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements (included $264,554 and $169,003 at fair value)
325,670
216,535
Short-term borrowings (included $22,856 and $20,042 at fair value)
46,268
44,712
Trading liabilities
228,327
180,428
Accounts payable and other liabilities (included $8,917and $5,637 at fair value)
301,469
290,307
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs (included $1 and $1 at fair value)
28,075
23,020
Long-term debt (included $92,730 and $87,924 at fair value)
395,872
391,825
Total liabilities(a)
3,754,090
3,547,515
Commitments and contingencies (refer to Notes 22, 23 and 24)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock ($1 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued 2,990,375 and 2,740,375 shares)
29,900
27,404
Common stock ($1 par value; authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 4,104,933,895shares)
4,105
4,105
Additional paid-in capital
89,903
90,128
Retained earnings
342,414
332,901
Accumulated other comprehensive losses
(11,639)
(10,443)
Treasury stock, at cost (1,233,266,016and 1,228,275,301 shares)
(118,046)
(116,217)
Total stockholders’ equity
336,637
327,878
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
4,090,727
$
3,875,393
(a)The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The assets of the consolidated VIEs are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The holders of the beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. The assets and liabilities in the table below include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation. Refer to Note 13 for a further discussion.
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Assets
Trading assets
$
2,229
$
2,170
Loans
40,059
37,611
All other assets
648
591
Total assets
$
42,936
$
40,372
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
$
28,075
$
23,020
All other liabilities
282
263
Total liabilities
$
28,357
$
23,283
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
85
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)
2024
2023
Preferred stock
Balance at the beginning of the period
$
27,404
$
27,404
Issuance
2,496
—
Redemption
—
—
Balance at March 31
29,900
27,404
Common stock
Balance at the beginning and end of the period
4,105
4,105
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at the beginning of the period
90,128
89,044
Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee share-based compensation awards, and related tax effects
(225)
111
Balance at March 31
89,903
89,155
Retained earnings
Balance at the beginning of the period
332,901
296,456
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles
(161)
449
Net income
13,419
12,622
Dividends declared:
Preferred stock
(397)
(356)
Common stock ($1.15and $1.00 per share, respectively)
(3,348)
(2,963)
Balance at March 31
342,414
306,208
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at the beginning of the period
(10,443)
(17,341)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after-tax
(1,196)
2,923
Balance at March 31
(11,639)
(14,418)
Treasury stock, at cost
Balance at the beginning of the period
(116,217)
(107,336)
Repurchase
(2,858)
(2,955)
Reissuance
1,029
919
Balance at March 31
(118,046)
(109,372)
Total stockholders’ equity
$
336,637
$
303,082
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
86
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Operating activities
Net income
$
13,419
$
12,622
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Provision for credit losses
1,884
2,275
Depreciation and amortization
2,004
1,649
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense
(989)
(606)
Bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition
16
—
Other
673
1,738
Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale
(49,575)
(22,009)
Proceeds from sales, securitizations and paydowns of loans held-for-sale
47,308
20,873
Net change in:
Trading assets
(211,226)
(117,067)
Securities borrowed
2,099
(10,460)
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
(22,557)
9,823
Other assets
9,406
14,129
Trading liabilities
41,064
3,200
Accounts payable and other liabilities
11,611
(27,847)
Other operating adjustments
705
439
Net cash (used in) operating activities
(154,158)
(111,241)
Investing activities
Net change in:
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
(54,371)
(1,317)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
35,518
9,258
Purchases
(479)
(3,621)
Available-for-sale securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
10,356
11,018
Proceeds from sales
28,451
34,554
Purchases
(76,265)
(26,490)
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans held-for-investment
13,498
9,230
Other changes in loans, net
876
(2,257)
All other investing activities, net
(963)
(6,581)
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
(43,379)
23,794
Financing activities
Net change in:
Deposits
25,009
33,683
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
109,140
43,722
Short-term borrowings
1,443
(1,876)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
2,664
3,001
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
29,387
8,750
Payments of long-term borrowings
(21,253)
(16,171)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
2,500
—
Treasury stock repurchased
(2,832)
(2,690)
Dividends paid
(3,493)
(3,374)
All other financing activities, net
(1,397)
(488)
Net cash provided by financing activities
141,168
64,557
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks and deposits with banks
(5,666)
1,656
Net decrease in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks
(62,035)
(21,234)
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the beginning of the period
624,151
567,234
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the end of the period
$
562,116
$
546,000
Cash interest paid
$
22,864
$
15,287
Cash income taxes paid, net
1,585
1,382
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
87
Refer to the Glossary of Terms and Acronyms on pages 176-181 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Note 1 – Basis of presentation
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading financial services firm based in the U.S., with operations worldwide. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the “First Republic acquisition”) from the FDIC. The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate clients, products and services associated with the First Republic acquisition, to align with the Firm’s businesses and operations. Accordingly, reporting classification and internal risk rating profiles in the wholesale portfolio may change in future periods. Refer to Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by regulatory authorities.
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all normal, recurring adjustments have been included such that this interim financial information is fairly stated.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto, included in JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K.
Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of JPMorgan Chase and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Assets held for clients in an agency or fiduciary capacity by the Firm are not assets of JPMorgan Chase and are not included on the Consolidated balance sheets.
The Firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity.
Refer to Notes 1 and 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation.
Offsetting assets and liabilities
U.S. GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. U.S. GAAP also permits securities financing balances to be presented on a net basis when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Firm has elected to net such balances where it has determined that the specified conditions are met. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on offsetting assets and liabilities.
Accounting standard adopted January 1, 2024
Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method
The guidance expanded the types of tax-oriented investments, beyond affordable housing tax credit investments, that the Firm can elect on a program by program basis, to be accounted for using the proportional amortization method. This method requires the cost of eligible investments, within an elected program, to be amortized in proportion to the tax benefits received with the resulting amortization reported directly in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Eligible investments must meet certain criteria, including that substantially all of the return is from income tax credits and other income tax benefits.
This guidance was adopted on January 1, 2024 under the modified retrospective method. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a change to the classification and timing of the amortization associated with certain of the Firm's alternative energy tax-oriented investments. As a result of the adoption, the amortization of these investments that was previously recognized in other income is now being recognized in income tax expense. The change in accounting resulted in a decrease to retained earnings of $161 million and increased the Firm’s income tax expense and the effective tax rate by approximately $450 million and two percentage points, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, with no material impact to net income.
88
The guidance requires additional disclosure for all investments that generate income tax credits and other income tax benefits from a tax-oriented investment program for which the Firm has elected to apply the proportional amortization method. The guidance also requires a reevaluation of eligible investments when significant modifications or events occur that result in a change in the nature of the investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project.
Refer to Note 5 and Note 13 for additional information.
89
Note 2 – Fair value measurement
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s valuation methodologies for assets, liabilities and lending-related commitments measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy.
90
The following table presents the assets and liabilities reported at fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Fair value hierarchy
Derivative netting adjustments(f)
March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
324,418
$
—
$
—
$
324,418
Securities borrowed
—
84,258
—
—
84,258
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
—
99,292
729
—
100,021
Residential – nonagency
—
1,873
8
—
1,881
Commercial – nonagency
—
1,089
12
—
1,101
Total mortgage-backed securities
—
102,254
749
—
103,003
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)
184,768
10,418
—
—
195,186
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
5,781
7
—
5,788
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
—
3,626
—
—
3,626
Non-U.S. government debt securities
32,609
70,891
173
—
103,673
Corporate debt securities
—
37,925
570
—
38,495
Loans
—
8,796
531
—
9,327
Asset-backed securities
—
2,687
14
—
2,701
Total debt instruments
217,377
242,378
2,044
—
461,799
Equity securities
215,191
487
203
—
215,881
Physical commodities(b)
1,612
995
2
—
2,609
Other
—
17,345
107
—
17,452
Total debt and equity instruments(c)
434,180
261,205
2,356
—
697,741
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate
1,287
231,904
4,811
(212,474)
25,528
Credit
—
9,518
1,212
(9,999)
731
Foreign exchange
153
182,868
847
(165,780)
18,088
Equity
—
80,591
2,913
(76,459)
7,045
Commodity
—
17,521
273
(12,565)
5,229
Total derivative receivables
1,440
522,402
10,056
(477,277)
56,621
Total trading assets(d)
435,620
783,607
12,412
(477,277)
754,362
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
10
71,227
—
—
71,237
Residential – nonagency
—
2,961
—
—
2,961
Commercial – nonagency
—
2,659
—
—
2,659
Total mortgage-backed securities
10
76,847
—
—
76,857
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
110,642
134
—
—
110,776
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
18,811
—
—
18,811
Non-U.S. government debt securities
12,463
7,416
—
—
19,879
Corporate debt securities
—
89
—
—
89
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
—
7,164
—
—
7,164
Other(a)
—
2,576
—
—
2,576
Total available-for-sale securities
123,115
113,037
—
—
236,152
Loans(e)
—
36,145
2,901
—
39,046
Mortgage servicing rights
—
—
8,605
—
8,605
Other assets(d)
9,772
4,056
811
—
14,639
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
568,507
$
1,345,521
$
24,729
$
(477,277)
$
1,461,480
Deposits
$
—
$
78,523
$
2,055
$
—
$
80,578
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
—
264,554
—
—
264,554
Short-term borrowings
—
20,650
2,206
—
22,856
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments(c)
157,774
34,513
37
—
192,324
Derivative payables:
Interest rate
1,588
221,085
4,011
(214,678)
12,006
Credit
—
11,788
952
(11,590)
1,150
Foreign exchange
155
180,125
823
(171,096)
10,007
Equity
—
84,983
5,694
(84,110)
6,567
Commodity
—
18,103
776
(12,606)
6,273
Total derivative payables
1,743
516,084
12,256
(494,080)
36,003
Total trading liabilities
159,517
550,597
12,293
(494,080)
228,327
Accounts payable and other liabilities
7,076
1,793
48
—
8,917
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
1
—
—
1
Long-term debt
—
64,052
28,678
—
92,730
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
166,593
$
980,170
$
45,280
$
(494,080)
$
697,963
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Fair value hierarchy
Derivative netting adjustments(f)
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
259,813
$
—
$
—
$
259,813
Securities borrowed
—
70,086
—
—
70,086
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
—
73,840
758
—
74,598
Residential – nonagency
—
1,921
5
—
1,926
Commercial – nonagency
—
1,362
12
—
1,374
Total mortgage-backed securities
—
77,123
775
—
77,898
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)
133,997
9,998
—
—
143,995
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
5,858
10
—
5,868
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
—
756
—
—
756
Non-U.S. government debt securities
24,846
55,557
179
—
80,582
Corporate debt securities
—
32,854
484
—
33,338
Loans
—
7,872
684
—
8,556
Asset-backed securities
—
2,199
6
—
2,205
Total debt instruments
158,843
192,217
2,138
—
353,198
Equity securities
107,926
679
127
—
108,732
Physical commodities(b)
2,479
3,305
7
—
5,791
Other
—
17,879
101
—
17,980
Total debt and equity instruments(c)
269,248
214,080
2,373
—
485,701
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate
2,815
243,578
4,298
(224,367)
26,324
Credit
—
8,644
1,010
(9,103)
551
Foreign exchange
149
204,737
889
(187,756)
18,019
Equity
—
55,167
2,522
(52,761)
4,928
Commodity
—
15,234
205
(10,397)
5,042
Total derivative receivables
2,964
527,360
8,924
(484,384)
54,864
Total trading assets(d)
272,212
741,440
11,297
(484,384)
540,565
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
—
85,170
—
—
85,170
Residential – nonagency
—
3,639
—
—
3,639
Commercial – nonagency
—
2,803
—
—
2,803
Total mortgage-backed securities
—
91,612
—
—
91,612
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
57,683
122
—
—
57,805
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
21,367
—
—
21,367
Non-U.S. government debt securities
13,095
8,187
—
—
21,282
Corporate debt securities
—
100
—
—
100
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
—
6,752
—
—
6,752
Other(a)
—
2,786
—
—
2,786
Total available-for-sale securities
70,778
130,926
—
—
201,704
Loans(e)
—
35,772
3,079
—
38,851
Mortgage servicing rights
—
—
8,522
—
8,522
Other assets(d)
6,635
3,929
758
—
11,322
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
349,625
$
1,241,966
$
23,656
$
(484,384)
$
1,130,863
Deposits
$
—
$
76,551
$
1,833
$
—
$
78,384
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
—
169,003
—
—
169,003
Short-term borrowings
—
18,284
1,758
—
20,042
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments(c)
107,292
32,252
37
—
139,581
Derivative payables:
Interest rate
4,409
232,277
3,796
(228,586)
11,896
Credit
—
11,293
745
(10,949)
1,089
Foreign exchange
147
211,289
827
(199,643)
12,620
Equity
—
60,887
4,924
(56,443)
9,368
Commodity
—
15,894
484
(10,504)
5,874
Total derivative payables
4,556
531,640
10,776
(506,125)
40,847
Total trading liabilities
111,848
563,892
10,813
(506,125)
180,428
Accounts payable and other liabilities
3,968
1,617
52
—
5,637
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
1
—
—
1
Long-term debt
—
60,198
27,726
—
87,924
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
115,816
$
889,546
$
42,182
$
(506,125)
$
541,419
(a)At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included total U.S. GSE obligations of $103.8 billion and $78.5 billion, respectively, which were mortgage-related.
(b)Physical commodities inventories are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value. “Net realizable value” is a term defined in U.S. GAAP as not exceeding fair value less costs to sell (“transaction costs”). Transaction costs for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories are either not applicable or immaterial to the value of the inventory. Therefore, net realizable value approximates fair value for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories. When fair value hedging has been applied (or when net realizable value is below cost), the carrying value of physical commodities approximates fair value, because under fair value hedge accounting, the cost basis is adjusted for changes in fair value. Refer to Note 4 for a further discussion of the Firm’s hedge accounting relationships. To provide consistent fair value disclosure information, all physical commodities inventories have been included in each period presented.
92
(c)Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).
(d)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair values of these investments, which include certain hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate and other funds, were $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively. Included in these balances at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were trading assets of $47 million and $42 million, respectively, and other assets of $1.0 billion and $984 million, respectively.
(e)At both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included $10.2 billion of residential first-lien mortgages and $6.0 billion of commercial first-lien mortgages. Residential mortgage loans include conforming mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell to U.S. GSEs and government agencies of $3.4 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively.
(f)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.
Level 3 valuations
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on the Firm’s valuation process and a detailed discussion of the determination of fair value for individual financial instruments.
The following table presents the Firm’s primary level 3 financial instruments, the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of those financial instruments, the significant unobservable inputs, the range of values for those inputs and the weighted or arithmetic averages of such inputs. While the determination to classify an instrument within level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement, level 3 financial instruments typically include observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources) in addition to the unobservable components. The level 1 and/or level 2 inputs are not included in the table. In addition, the Firm manages the risk of the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within levels 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The range of values presented in the table is representative of the highest and lowest level input used to value the significant groups of instruments within a product/instrument classification. Where provided, the weighted averages of the input values presented in the table are calculated based on the fair value of the instruments that the input is being used to value.
In the Firm’s view, the input range, weighted and arithmetic average values do not reflect the degree of input uncertainty or an assessment of the reasonableness of the Firm’s estimates and assumptions. Rather, they reflect the characteristics of the various instruments held by the Firm and the relative distribution of instruments within the range of characteristics. For example, two option contracts may have similar levels of market risk exposure and valuation uncertainty, but may have significantly different implied volatility levels because the option contracts have different underlyings, tenors, or strike prices. The input range and weighted and arithmetic average values will therefore vary from period-to-period and parameter-to-parameter based on the characteristics of the instruments held by the Firm at each balance sheet date.
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Level 3 inputs(a)
March 31, 2024
Product/Instrument
Fair value
(in millions)
Principal valuation technique
Unobservable inputs(g)
Range of input values
Average(i)
Residential mortgage-backed securities and loans(b)
$
1,599
Discounted cash flows
Yield
0%
68%
7%
Prepayment speed
3%
12%
9%
Conditional default rate
0%
6%
0%
Loss severity
0%
110%
3%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and loans(c)
1,387
Market comparables
Price
$0
$90
$80
Corporate debt securities
570
Market comparables
Price
$0
$243
$100
Loans(d)
1,195
Market comparables
Price
$0
$111
$80
Non-U.S. government debt securities
173
Market comparables
Price
$2
$108
$92
Net interest rate derivatives
798
Option pricing
Interest rate volatility
25bps
420bps
116bps
Interest rate spread volatility
37bps
77bps
64bps
Bermudan switch value
0%
52%
20%
Interest rate correlation
(82)%
90%
19%
IR-FX correlation
(35)%
60%
4%
2
Discounted cash flows
Prepayment speed
0%
20%
6%
Net credit derivatives
230
Discounted cash flows
Credit correlation
24%
68%
46%
Credit spread
0bps
2,999bps
263bps
Recovery rate
10%
90%
49%
30
Market comparables
Price
$0
$115
$72
Net foreign exchange derivatives
83
Option pricing
IR-FX correlation
(40)%
60%
22%
(59)
Discounted cash flows
Prepayment speed
11%
11%
Interest rate curve
2%
17%
7%
Net equity derivatives
(2,781)
Option pricing
Forward equity price(h)
76%
152%
101%
Equity volatility
4%
137%
32%
Equity correlation
1%
100%
57%
Equity-FX correlation
(88)%
65%
(31)%
Equity-IR correlation
(40)%
25%
3%
Net commodity derivatives
(503)
Option pricing
Oil commodity forward
$91 / BBL
$277 / BBL
$184 / BBL
Natural gas commodity forward
$0 / MMBTU
$9 / MMBTU
$5 / MMBTU
Commodity volatility
15%
24%
19%
Commodity correlation
(35)%
96%
31%
MSRs
8,605
Discounted cash flows
Refer to Note 14
Long-term debt, short-term borrowings, and deposits(e)
31,734
Option pricing
Interest rate volatility
25bps
420bps
116bps
Bermudan switch value
0%
52%
20%
Interest rate correlation
(82)%
90%
19%
IR-FX correlation
(35)%
60%
4%
Equity volatility
1%
134%
26%
Equity correlation
1%
100%
57%
Equity-FX correlation
(88)%
65%
(31)%
Equity-IR correlation
(40)%
25%
3%
1,205
Discounted cash flows
Credit correlation
24%
68%
46%
Credit spread
1bps
2,501bps
80bps
Recovery rate
20%
60%
39%
Yield
5%
20%
12%
Loss severity
0%
100%
50%
Other level 3 assets and liabilities, net(f)
1,059
(a)The categories presented in the table have been aggregated based upon the product type, which may differ from their classification on the Consolidated balance sheets. Furthermore, the inputs presented for each valuation technique in the table are, in some cases, not applicable to every instrument valued using the technique as the characteristics of the instruments can differ.
(b)Comprises U.S. GSE and government agency securities of $729 million, nonagency securities of $8 million and non-trading loans of $862 million.
(c)Comprises nonagency securities of $12 million, trading loans of $65 million and non-trading loans of $1.3 billion.
(d)Comprises trading loans of $466 million and non-trading loans of $729 million.
(e)Long-term debt, short-term borrowings and deposits include structured notes issued by the Firm that are financial instruments that typically contain embedded derivatives. The estimation of the fair value of structured notes includes the derivative features embedded within the instrument. The significant unobservable inputs are broadly consistent with those presented for derivative receivables.
(f)Includes equity securities of $783 million including $580 million in Other assets, for which quoted prices are not readily available and the fair value is generally based on internal valuation techniques such as EBITDA multiples and comparable analysis. All other level 3 assets and liabilities are insignificant both individually and in aggregate.
(g)Price is a significant unobservable input for certain instruments. When quoted market prices are not readily available, reliance is generally placed on price-based internal valuation techniques. The price input is expressed assuming a par value of $100.
(h)Forward equity price is expressed as a percentage of the current equity price.
(i)Amounts represent weighted averages except for derivative related inputs where arithmetic averages are used.
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Changes in and ranges of unobservable inputs
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the impact on fair value of changes in unobservable inputs and the relationships between unobservable inputs as well as a description of attributes of the underlying instruments and external market factors that affect the range of inputs used in the valuation of the Firm’s positions.
Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements
The following tables include a rollforward of the Consolidated balance sheets amounts (including changes in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Firm within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. However, level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. The Firm risk-manages the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within level 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy; as these level 1 and level 2 risk management instruments are not included below, the gains or losses in the following tables do not reflect the effect of the Firm’s risk management activities related to such level 3 instruments.
95
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Fair value at Jan 1, 2024
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at March 31, 2024
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at March 31, 2024
Purchases(g)
Sales
Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
758
1
1
(17)
(21)
7
—
729
1
Residential – nonagency
5
(1)
—
—
—
4
—
8
(1)
Commercial – nonagency
12
(1)
1
—
—
—
—
12
(1)
Total mortgage-backed securities
775
(1)
2
(17)
(21)
11
—
749
(1)
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
10
—
—
—
(2)
—
(1)
7
—
Non-U.S. government debt securities
179
5
51
(67)
—
7
(2)
173
(4)
Corporate debt securities
484
11
214
(95)
(30)
4
(18)
570
12
Loans
684
5
143
(199)
(31)
62
(133)
531
5
Asset-backed securities
6
—
1
—
—
7
—
14
—
Total debt instruments
2,138
20
411
(378)
(84)
91
(154)
2,044
12
Equity securities
127
6
81
(30)
—
24
(5)
203
7
Physical commodities
7
(2)
—
—
(3)
—
—
2
(2)
Other
101
11
27
—
(32)
—
—
107
4
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
2,373
35
(c)
519
(408)
(119)
115
(159)
2,356
21
(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate
502
(328)
53
(43)
484
129
3
800
(399)
Credit
265
(25)
—
(15)
14
(6)
27
260
87
Foreign exchange
62
3
34
(38)
(122)
(53)
138
24
67
Equity
(2,402)
(652)
321
(608)
331
(49)
278
(2,781)
(442)
Commodity
(279)
(176)
10
(68)
7
2
1
(503)
(182)
Total net derivative receivables
(1,852)
(1,178)
(c)
418
(772)
714
23
447
(2,200)
(869)
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Total available-for-sale securities
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Loans
3,079
37
(c)
60
(22)
(392)
303
(164)
2,901
35
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights
8,522
278
(e)
60
5
(260)
—
—
8,605
278
(e)
Other assets
758
29
(c)
47
(9)
(14)
—
—
811
28
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Fair value at Jan 1, 2024
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at March 31, 2024
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at March 31, 2024
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits
$
1,833
$
(29)
(c)(f)
$
—
$
—
$
527
$
(203)
$
—
$
(73)
$
2,055
$
(25)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings
1,758
1
(c)(f)
—
—
1,645
(1,197)
—
(1)
2,206
8
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
37
(3)
(c)
(1)
2
—
—
3
(1)
37
(2)
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
52
(4)
(c)
(3)
3
—
—
—
—
48
(4)
(c)
Long-term debt
27,726
551
(c)(f)
—
—
4,503
(3,851)
17
(268)
28,678
500
(c)(f)
96
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended March 31, 2023 (in millions)
Fair value at Jan 1, 2023
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at March 31, 2023
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at March 31, 2023
Purchases(g)
Sales
Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
759
7
25
(7)
(24)
—
(3)
757
7
Residential – nonagency
5
1
—
—
(2)
1
—
5
1
Commercial – nonagency
7
1
—
—
(1)
3
—
10
1
Total mortgage-backed securities
771
9
25
(7)
(27)
4
(3)
772
9
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
7
—
—
(1)
—
—
—
6
—
Non-U.S. government debt securities
155
11
50
(47)
—
—
—
169
13
Corporate debt securities
463
24
49
(17)
—
23
(4)
538
20
Loans
759
8
436
(62)
(95)
23
(143)
926
8
Asset-backed securities
23
—
1
(2)
(1)
1
(15)
7
—
Total debt instruments
2,178
52
561
(136)
(123)
51
(165)
2,418
50
Equity securities
665
(31)
58
(71)
—
36
(76)
581
(2)
Physical commodities
2
—
—
—
(2)
—
—
—
—
Other
64
(21)
94
—
2
1
—
140
1
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
2,909
—
713
(207)
(123)
88
(241)
3,139
49
(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate
701
346
35
(50)
(22)
(165)
(91)
754
461
Credit
13
246
3
(3)
171
24
(2)
452
239
Foreign exchange
489
89
28
(41)
(75)
64
(9)
545
126
Equity
(384)
171
318
(687)
—
111
(414)
(885)
308
Commodity
(146)
8
4
(67)
(127)
1
40
(287)
(31)
Total net derivative receivables
673
860
(c)
388
(848)
(53)
35
(476)
579
1,103
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities
239
11
—
—
—
—
—
250
11
Total available-for-sale securities
239
11
(d)
—
—
—
—
—
250
11
(d)
Loans
1,418
26
(c)
148
(66)
(95)
157
(109)
1,479
16
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights
7,973
(11)
(e)
31
2
(240)
—
—
7,755
(11)
(e)
Other assets
405
5
(c)
12
—
(16)
—
—
406
5
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended March 31, 2023 (in millions)
Fair value at Jan 1, 2023
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at March 31, 2023
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at March 31, 2023
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits
$
2,162
$
48
(c)(f)
$
—
$
—
$
128
$
(67)
$
—
$
(63)
$
2,208
$
48
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings
1,401
90
(c)(f)
—
—
1,051
(1,132)
—
—
1,410
20
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
84
(12)
(c)
(27)
8
—
—
12
(2)
63
1
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
53
(1)
(c)
—
4
—
—
—
—
56
(1)
(c)
Long-term debt
24,092
1,356
(c)(f)
—
—
2,733
(2,975)
91
(70)
25,227
1,447
(c)(f)
97
(a)Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value (including assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 2% at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Level 3 liabilities at fair value as a percentage of total Firm liabilities at fair value (including liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 6% and 8% at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(b)All level 3 derivatives are presented on a net basis, irrespective of the underlying counterparty.
(c)Predominantly reported in principal transactions revenue, except for changes in fair value for CCB mortgage loans and lending-related commitments originated with the intent to sell, and mortgage loan purchase commitments, which are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)Realized gains/(losses) on AFS securities are reported in investment securities gains/(losses). Unrealized gains/(losses) are reported in OCI. Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded on level 3 AFS securities were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
(e)Changes in fair value for MSRs are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(f)Realized (gains)/losses due to DVA for fair value option elected liabilities are reported in principal transactions revenue, and were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Unrealized (gains)/losses are reported in OCI, and were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
(g)Loan originations are included in purchases.
(h)Includes financial assets and liabilities that have matured, been partially or fully repaid, impacts of modifications, deconsolidations associated with beneficial interests in VIEs and other items.
Level 3 analysis
Consolidated balance sheets changes
The following describes significant changes to level 3 assets since December 31, 2023, for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Refer to Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on page 99 for further information on changes impacting items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Level 3 assets were $24.7 billion at March 31, 2024, reflecting an increase of $1.1 billion from December 31, 2023.
The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was driven by:
•$1.1 billion increase in gross derivative receivables due to gains and purchases largely offset by settlements.
Refer to the sections below for additional information.
Transfers between levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023 there were no significant transfers from level 2 into level 3.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no significant transfers from level 3 into level 2.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:
•$953 million of gross equity derivative receivables as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
All transfers are based on changes in the observability and/or significance of the valuation inputs and are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.
Gains and losses
The following describes significant components of total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated. These amounts exclude any effects of the Firm’s risk management activities where the financial instruments are classified as level 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Changes in level 3 recurring fair value
measurements rollforward tables on pages 95-98 for further information on these instruments.
Three months ended March 31, 2024
•$799 million of net losses on assets, predominantly driven by losses in net equity derivative receivables due to market movements.
•$516 million of net losses on liabilities, predominantly driven by losses in long-term debt due to market movements.
Three months ended March 31, 2023
•$891 million of net gains on assets, driven by gains in net derivative receivables due to market movements.
•$1.5 billion of net losses on liabilities, predominantly driven by an increase in the fair value of long-term debt due to market movements.
Credit and funding adjustments — derivatives
The following table provides the impact of credit and funding adjustments on principal transactions revenue in the respective periods, excluding the effect of any associated hedging activities. The FVA presented below includes the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality over time.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Credit and funding adjustments:
Derivatives CVA
$
76
$
55
Derivatives FVA
57
(8)
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information about both credit and funding adjustments, as well as information about valuation adjustments on fair value option elected liabilities.
98
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
The following tables present the assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, for which nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
Fair value hierarchy
Total fair value
March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Loans
$
—
$
871
$
468
$
1,339
Other assets(a)
—
9
213
222
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
880
$
681
$
1,561
Accounts payable and other liabilities
—
—
—
—
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Fair value hierarchy
Total fair value
March 31, 2023 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Loans
$
—
$
709
$
833
$
1,542
Other assets
—
22
179
201
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
731
$
1,012
$
1,743
Accounts payable and other liabilities
—
—
3
3
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
—
$
3
$
3
(a)Included impairments on certain equity method investments, as well as equity securities without readily determinable fair values that were adjusted based on observable price changes in orderly transactions from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (measurement alternative). Of the $213 million in level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2024, $191 million related to equity securities adjusted based on the measurement alternative. These equity securities are classified as level 3 due to the infrequency of the observable prices and/or the restrictions on the shares.
Nonrecurring fair value changes
The following table presents the total change in value of assets and liabilities for which fair value adjustments have been recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, related to assets and liabilities held at those dates.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Loans
$
(60)
$
(37)
Other assets(a)
(41)
(65)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
—
(3)
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)
$
(101)
$
(105)
(a)Included $(39) million and $(61) million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of net gains/(losses) as a result of the measurement alternative. The current period also included impairments on certain equity method investments.
99
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values
The Firm measures certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (i.e., measurement alternative), with such changes recognized in other income.
In its determination of the new carrying values upon observable price changes, the Firm may adjust the prices if deemed necessary to arrive at the Firm’s estimated fair values. Such adjustments may include adjustments to reflect the different rights and obligations of similar securities, and other adjustments that are consistent with the Firm’s valuation techniques for private equity direct investments.
The following table presents the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, that are measured under the measurement alternative and the related adjustments recorded during the periods presented for those securities with observable price changes. These securities are included in the nonrecurring fair value tables when applicable price changes are observable.
Three months ended March 31,
As of or for the period ended, (in millions)
2024
2023
Other assets
Carrying value(a)
$
4,467
$
3,910
Upward carrying value changes(b)
20
35
Downward carrying value changes/impairment(c)
(59)
(96)
(a)The carrying value as of December 31, 2023 was $4.5 billion. The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.
(b)The cumulative upward carrying value changes between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2024 were $1.2 billion.
(c)The cumulative downward carrying value changes/impairment between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2024 were $(1.3) billion.
Included in other assets above is the Firm’s interest in approximately 37.2 million Visa B-1 shares which is held in the Firm's principal investment portfolio. These shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions and are convertible into Visa Class A common stock (“Visa A shares”) at a specified conversion rate upon final resolution of certain litigation matters involving Visa. The conversion rate of Visa B-1 shares to Visa A shares was 1.5875 at March 31, 2024 and may be adjusted by Visa depending on developments related to the litigation matters. The outcome of those litigation matters, and the effect that the resolution of those matters may have on the conversion rate, is unknown. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2024, there is significant uncertainty regarding when the transfer restrictions on Visa B-1 shares may be terminated and what the final conversion rate for the Visa B-1 shares will be. As a result of these considerations, as well as differences in voting rights, Visa B-1 shares are not considered to be similar to Visa A shares, and they continue to be held at their nominal carrying value.
On January 24, 2024, Visa filed a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC announcing that Visa’s stockholders had approved amendments to its Certificate of Incorporation that redenominated the Visa Class B common stock to Visa Class B-1 common stock (“Visa B-1 shares”) and authorized Visa to conduct one or more exchange offers.
On April 8, 2024, Visa commenced an initial exchange offer expiring May 3, 2024 for any and all outstanding shares of Visa B-1 shares. Holders participating in the exchange offer would receive a combination of Visa Class B-2 common stock (“Visa B-2 shares”) and Visa Class C common stock (“Visa C shares”) in exchange for Visa B-1 shares that are validly tendered and accepted for exchange by Visa. The Firm has tendered its 37.2 million Visa B-1 shares, and that
tender is pending Visa’s acceptance. In exchange for each Visa B-1 share that is validly tendered and accepted for exchange by Visa, the Firm would receive one half of a newly issued share of Visa Class B-2 common stock (“Visa B-2 shares”) and newly issued Visa C shares in an amount equivalent to one half of a Visa B-1 share. Upon acceptance by Visa of the Firm’s tender, the Visa C shares received by the Firm would be recognized at fair value, which is expected to result in a gain that may be recorded as early as the second quarter of 2024. The Visa B-2 shares would continue to be held at their nominal carrying value and would continue to be subject to transfer restrictions. The Firm would be entitled to sell the Visa C shares received after a brief lock-up period expires. Visa is also authorized to extend offers for potential future exchanges, each enabling the release of additional Visa B shares if certain conditions are met. The timing of future exchange offers is dependent upon actions taken by Visa and other factors that may be outside of the Firm’s control.
In connection with prior sales of Visa B shares prior to the redenomination to Visa B-1 shares, the Firm has entered into derivative instruments with the purchasers of the shares under which the Firm retains the risk associated with changes in the conversion rate. Refer to page 194 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
100
Additional disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments that are not carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value
The following table presents, by fair value hierarchy classification, the carrying values and estimated fair values at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, of financial assets and liabilities, excluding financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy.
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Estimated fair value hierarchy
Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)
Carrying value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Carrying value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks
$
22.8
$
22.8
$
—
$
—
$
22.8
$
29.1
$
29.1
$
—
$
—
$
29.1
Deposits with banks
539.4
538.9
0.5
—
539.4
595.1
594.6
0.5
—
595.1
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
129.4
—
129.3
0.1
129.4
107.1
—
107.0
0.1
107.1
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
6.1
—
6.1
—
6.1
16.3
—
16.3
—
16.3
Securities borrowed
114.1
—
114.1
—
114.1
130.3
—
130.3
—
130.3
Investment securities, held-to-maturity
334.5
130.2
175.2
—
305.4
369.8
160.6
182.2
—
342.8
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses(a)
1,248.2
—
279.6
953.0
1,232.6
1,262.5
—
285.6
964.6
1,250.2
Other
71.8
—
70.5
1.6
72.1
76.1
—
74.9
1.4
76.3
Financial liabilities
Deposits
$
2,347.8
$
—
$
2,348.3
$
—
$
2,348.3
$
2,322.3
$
—
$
2,322.6
$
—
$
2,322.6
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
61.1
—
61.1
—
61.1
47.5
—
47.5
—
47.5
Short-term borrowings
23.4
—
23.4
—
23.4
24.7
—
24.7
—
24.7
Accounts payable and other liabilities(b)
258.3
—
246.4
10.8
257.2
241.8
—
233.3
8.1
241.4
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
28.1
—
28.1
—
28.1
23.0
—
23.0
—
23.0
Long-term debt
303.1
—
252.5
50.9
303.4
303.9
—
252.2
51.3
303.5
(a)Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the characteristics of the underlying loans (including principal, contractual interest rate and contractual fees) and other key inputs, including expected lifetime credit losses, interest rates, prepayment rates, and primary origination or secondary market spreads. For certain loans, the fair value is measured based on the value of the underlying collateral. Carrying value of the loan takes into account the loan’s allowance for loan losses, which represents the loan’s expected credit losses over its remaining expected life. The difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of a loan is generally attributable to changes in market interest rates, including credit spreads, market liquidity premiums and other factors that affect the fair value of a loan but do not affect its carrying value.
(b)Excludes lending-related commitments disclosed in the table below.
The majority of the Firm’s lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value and the estimated fair value of these wholesale lending-related commitments were as follows for the periods indicated.
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Estimated fair value hierarchy
Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)
Carrying value(a)(b)(c)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Carrying value(a)(b)(c)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Wholesale lending-related commitments
$
2.8
$
—
$
—
$
4.6
$
4.6
$
3.0
$
—
$
—
$
4.8
$
4.8
(a)Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which is recognized at fair value at the inception of the guarantees.
(b)Includes the wholesale allowance for lending-related commitments.
(c)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, includes fair value adjustments associated with First Republic for other unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $935 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Notes 22 and 26 for additional information.
The Firm does not estimate the fair value of consumer off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. In many cases, the Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. Refer to page 177 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the valuation of lending-related commitments.
101
Note 3 – Fair value option
The fair value option provides an option to elect fair value for selected financial assets, financial liabilities, unrecognized firm commitments, and written loan commitments.
The Firm has elected to measure certain instruments at fair value for several reasons including to mitigate income statement volatility caused by the differences between the measurement basis of elected instruments (e.g., certain instruments that otherwise would be accounted for on an accrual basis) and the associated risk management arrangements that are accounted for on a fair value basis, as well as to better reflect those instruments that are managed on a fair value basis.
The Firm’s election of fair value includes the following instruments:
•Loans purchased or originated as part of securitization warehousing activity, subject to bifurcation accounting, or managed on a fair value basis, including lending-related commitments
•Certain securities financing agreements
•Owned beneficial interests in securitized financial assets that contain embedded credit derivatives, which would otherwise be required to be separately accounted for as a derivative instrument
•Structured notes and other hybrid instruments, which are predominantly financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives, that are issued or transacted as part of client-driven activities
•Certain long-term beneficial interests issued by CIB’s consolidated securitization trusts where the underlying assets are carried at fair value
Changes in fair value under the fair value option election
The following table presents the changes in fair value included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, for items for which the fair value option was elected. The profit and loss information presented below only includes the financial instruments that were elected to be measured at fair value; related risk management instruments, which are required to be measured at fair value, are not included in the table.
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
(in millions)
Principal transactions
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded (e)
Principal transactions
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded (e)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
36
$
—
$
36
$
202
$
—
$
202
Securities borrowed
(1)
—
(1)
88
—
88
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
1,248
—
1,248
1,595
—
1,595
Loans reported as trading assets:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
168
—
168
131
—
131
Other changes in fair value
13
—
13
3
—
3
Loans:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
125
2
(c)
127
65
1
(c)
66
Other changes in fair value
(57)
45
(c)
(12)
195
110
(c)
305
Other assets
13
—
13
30
—
30
Deposits(a)
(974)
—
(974)
(473)
—
(473)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
5
—
5
(61)
—
(61)
Short-term borrowings(a)
(221)
—
(221)
(159)
—
(159)
Trading liabilities
(12)
—
(12)
(15)
—
(15)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
—
—
—
—
—
Other liabilities
1
—
1
—
—
—
Long-term debt(a)(b)
(934)
(8)
(c)(d)
(942)
(2,798)
(26)
(c)(d)
(2,824)
(a)Unrealized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk (DVA) for liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected are recorded in OCI, while realized gains/(losses) are recorded in principal transactions revenue. Realized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk recorded in principal transactions revenue were not material both for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
(b)Long-term debt measured at fair value predominantly relates to structured notes. Although the risk associated with the structured notes is actively managed, the gains/(losses) reported in this table do not include the income statement impact of the risk management instruments used to manage such risk.
(c)Reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)Reported in other income.
(e)Changes in fair value exclude contractual interest, which is included in interest income and interest expense for all instruments other than certain hybrid financial instruments in CIB. Refer to Note 6 for further information regarding interest income and interest expense.
102
Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding
The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, for loans, long-term debt and long-term beneficial interests for which the fair value option has been elected.
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Contractual principal outstanding
Fair value
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Contractual principal outstanding
Fair value
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Loans
Nonaccrual loans
Loans reported as trading assets
$
2,684
$
447
$
(2,237)
$
2,987
$
588
$
(2,399)
Loans
1,111
940
(171)
838
732
(106)
Subtotal
3,795
1,387
(2,408)
3,825
1,320
(2,505)
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed
Loans(a)
55
50
(5)
65
59
(6)
All other performing loans(b)
Loans reported as trading assets
10,284
8,880
(1,404)
9,547
7,968
(1,579)
Loans
39,598
38,056
(1,542)
38,948
38,060
(888)
Subtotal
49,882
46,936
(2,946)
48,495
46,028
(2,467)
Total loans
$
53,732
$
48,373
$
(5,359)
$
52,385
$
47,407
$
(4,978)
Long-term debt
Principal-protected debt
$
52,199
(d)
$
43,532
$
(8,667)
$
47,768
(d)
$
38,882
$
(8,886)
Nonprincipal-protected debt(c)
NA
49,198
NA
NA
49,042
NA
Total long-term debt
NA
$
92,730
NA
NA
$
87,924
NA
Long-term beneficial interests
Nonprincipal-protected debt(c)
NA
$
1
NA
NA
$
1
NA
Total long-term beneficial interests
NA
$
1
NA
NA
$
1
NA
(a)These balances are excluded from nonaccrual loans as the loans are insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.
(b)There were no performing loans that were ninety days or more past due as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(c)Remaining contractual principal is not applicable to nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests. Unlike principal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests, for which the Firm is obligated to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests do not obligate the Firm to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, but for structured notes to return an amount based on the performance of an underlying variable or derivative feature embedded in the note. However, investors are exposed to the credit risk of the Firm as issuer for both nonprincipal-protected and principal-protected notes.
(d)Where the Firm issues principal-protected zero-coupon or discount notes, the balance reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity or, if applicable, the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date.
At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the contractual amount of lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected was $11.4 billion and $9.7 billion, respectively, with a corresponding fair value of $93 million and $97 million, respectively. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K, and Note 22 of this Form 10-Q for further information regarding off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments.
103
Structured note products by balance sheet classification and risk component
The following table presents the fair value of structured notes, by balance sheet classification and the primary risk type.
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Long-term debt
Short-term borrowings
Deposits
Total
Long-term debt
Short-term borrowings
Deposits
Total
Risk exposure
Interest rate
$
42,338
$
553
$
77,235
$
120,126
$
38,604
$
654
$
74,526
$
113,784
Credit
4,939
970
—
5,909
5,444
350
—
5,794
Foreign exchange
2,492
1,449
214
4,155
2,605
941
187
3,733
Equity
40,482
5,696
2,755
48,933
38,685
5,483
2,905
47,073
Commodity
1,818
457
1
(a)
2,276
1,862
11
1
(a)
1,874
Total structured notes
$
92,069
$
9,125
$
80,205
$
181,399
$
87,200
$
7,439
$
77,619
$
172,258
(a)Excludes deposits linked to precious metals for which the fair value option has not been elected of $636 million and $627 million for the periods ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
104
Note 4 – Derivative instruments
JPMorgan Chase makes markets in derivatives for clients and also uses derivatives to hedge or manage its own risk exposures. Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s use of and accounting policies regarding derivative instruments.
The Firm’s disclosures are based on the accounting treatment and purpose of these derivatives. A limited number of the Firm’s derivatives are designated in hedge
accounting relationships and are disclosed according to the type of hedge (fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or net investment hedge). Derivatives not designated in hedge accounting relationships include certain derivatives that are used to manage risks associated with specified assets and liabilities (“specified risk management” positions) as well as derivatives used in the Firm’s market-making businesses or for other purposes.
The following table outlines the Firm’s primary uses of derivatives and the related hedge accounting designation or disclosure category.
Type of Derivative
Use of Derivative
Designation and disclosure
Affected segment or unit
10-Q page reference
Manage specifically identified risk exposures in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
•Interest rate
Hedge fixed rate assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
111-112
•Interest rate
Hedge floating-rate assets and liabilities
Cash flow hedge
Corporate
113
•Foreign exchange
Hedge foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
111-112
•Foreign exchange
Hedge foreign currency-denominated forecasted revenue and expense
Cash flow hedge
Corporate
113
•Foreign exchange
Hedge the value of the Firm’s investments in non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities
Net investment hedge
Corporate
113
•Commodity
Hedge commodity inventory
Fair value hedge
CIB, AWM
111-112
Manage specifically identified risk exposures not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
•Interest rate
Manage the risk associated with mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs
Specified risk management
CCB
114
•Credit
Manage the credit risk associated with wholesale lending exposures
Specified risk management
CIB, AWM
114
•Interest rate and foreign exchange
Manage the risk associated with certain other specified assets and liabilities
Specified risk management
Corporate, CIB
114
Market-making derivatives and other activities:
•Various
Market-making and related risk management
Market-making and other
CIB
114
•Various
Other derivatives
Market-making and other
CIB, AWM, Corporate
114
105
Notional amount of derivative contracts
The following table summarizes the notional amount of free-standing derivative contracts outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Notional amounts(b)
(in billions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Interest rate contracts
Swaps
$
25,005
$
23,251
Futures and forwards
3,701
2,690
Written options
3,282
3,370
Purchased options
3,250
3,362
Total interest rate contracts
35,238
32,673
Credit derivatives(a)
1,216
1,045
Foreign exchange contracts
Cross-currency swaps
4,681
4,721
Spot, futures and forwards
8,466
6,957
Written options
871
830
Purchased options
848
798
Total foreign exchange contracts
14,866
13,306
Equity contracts
Swaps
769
639
Futures and forwards
192
157
Written options
911
778
Purchased options
817
698
Total equity contracts
2,689
2,272
Commodity contracts
Swaps
120
115
Spot, futures and forwards
175
157
Written options
142
130
Purchased options
125
115
Total commodity contracts
562
517
Total derivative notional amounts
$
54,571
$
49,813
(a)Refer to the Credit derivatives discussion on page 115 for more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts.
(b)Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.
While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative contracts, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is simply a reference amount used to calculate payments.
106
Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated balance sheets
The following table summarizes information on derivative receivables and payables (before and after netting adjustments) that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships or not) and contract type.
Free-standing derivative receivables and payables(a)
Gross derivative receivables
Gross derivative payables
March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Not designated as hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative receivables
Net derivative receivables(b)
Not designated as hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative payables
Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate
$
238,001
$
1
$
238,002
$
25,528
$
226,684
$
—
$
226,684
$
12,006
Credit
10,730
—
10,730
731
12,740
—
12,740
1,150
Foreign exchange
183,020
848
183,868
18,088
180,484
619
181,103
10,007
Equity
83,504
—
83,504
7,045
90,677
—
90,677
6,567
Commodity
17,754
40
17,794
5,229
18,852
27
18,879
6,273
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
533,009
$
889
$
533,898
$
56,621
$
529,437
$
646
$
530,083
$
36,003
Gross derivative receivables
Gross derivative payables
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Not designated as hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative receivables
Net derivative receivables(b)
Not designated as hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative payables
Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate
$
250,689
$
2
$
250,691
$
26,324
$
240,482
$
—
$
240,482
$
11,896
Credit
9,654
—
9,654
551
12,038
—
12,038
1,089
Foreign exchange
205,010
765
205,775
18,019
210,623
1,640
212,263
12,620
Equity
57,689
—
57,689
4,928
65,811
—
65,811
9,368
Commodity
15,228
211
15,439
5,042
16,286
92
16,378
5,874
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
538,270
$
978
$
539,248
$
54,864
$
545,240
$
1,732
$
546,972
$
40,847
(a)Balances exclude structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further information.
(b)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral receivables and payables when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.
107
Derivatives netting
The following tables present, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, gross and net derivative receivables and payables by contract and settlement type. Derivative receivables and payables, as well as the related cash collateral from the same counterparty, have been netted on the Consolidated balance sheets where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement. Where such a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, amounts are not eligible for netting on the Consolidated balance sheets, and those derivative receivables and payables are shown separately in the tables below.
In addition to the cash collateral received and transferred that is presented on a net basis with derivative receivables and payables, the Firm receives and transfers additional collateral (financial instruments and cash). These amounts mitigate counterparty credit risk associated with the Firm’s derivative instruments, but are not eligible for net presentation:
•collateral that consists of liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians, which are shown separately as “Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets” in the tables below, up to the fair value exposure amount. For the purpose of this disclosure, the definition of liquid securities is consistent with the definition of high quality liquid assets as defined in the LCR rule;
•the amount of collateral held or transferred that exceeds the fair value exposure at the individual counterparty level, as of the date presented, which is excluded from the tables below; and
•collateral held or transferred that relates to derivative receivables or payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained with respect to the master netting agreement, which is excluded from the tables below.
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Gross derivative receivables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative receivables
Gross derivative receivables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative receivables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative receivables
Interest rate contracts:
Over-the-counter (“OTC”)
$
170,338
$
(146,870)
$
23,468
$
176,901
$
(152,703)
$
24,198
OTC–cleared
65,545
(65,298)
247
71,419
(71,275)
144
Exchange-traded(a)
323
(306)
17
402
(389)
13
Total interest rate contracts
236,206
(212,474)
23,732
248,722
(224,367)
24,355
Credit contracts:
OTC
8,186
(7,656)
530
7,637
(7,226)
411
OTC–cleared
2,405
(2,343)
62
1,904
(1,877)
27
Total credit contracts
10,591
(9,999)
592
9,541
(9,103)
438
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC
181,432
(165,261)
16,171
203,624
(187,295)
16,329
OTC–cleared
519
(519)
—
469
(459)
10
Exchange-traded(a)
2
—
2
6
(2)
4
Total foreign exchange contracts
181,953
(165,780)
16,173
204,099
(187,756)
16,343
Equity contracts:
OTC
31,191
(29,234)
1,957
25,001
(23,677)
1,324
Exchange-traded(a)
50,237
(47,225)
3,012
30,462
(29,084)
1,378
Total equity contracts
81,428
(76,459)
4,969
55,463
(52,761)
2,702
Commodity contracts:
OTC
11,017
(7,641)
3,376
8,049
(5,084)
2,965
OTC–cleared
150
(117)
33
133
(123)
10
Exchange-traded(a)
4,953
(4,807)
146
5,214
(5,190)
24
Total commodity contracts
16,120
(12,565)
3,555
13,396
(10,397)
2,999
Derivative receivables with appropriate legal opinion
526,298
(477,277)
49,021
(d)
531,221
(484,384)
46,837
(d)
Derivative receivables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
7,600
7,600
8,027
8,027
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
$
533,898
$
56,621
$
539,248
$
54,864
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)(c)
(23,012)
(22,461)
Net amounts
$
33,609
$
32,403
108
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Gross derivative payables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative payables
Gross derivative payables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative payables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative payables
Interest rate contracts:
OTC
$
154,378
$
(144,659)
$
9,719
$
161,901
$
(152,467)
$
9,434
OTC–cleared
70,016
(69,713)
303
76,007
(75,729)
278
Exchange-traded(a)
421
(306)
115
436
(390)
46
Total interest rate contracts
224,815
(214,678)
10,137
238,344
(228,586)
9,758
Credit contracts:
OTC
10,597
(9,581)
1,016
10,332
(9,313)
1,019
OTC–cleared
2,028
(2,009)
19
1,639
(1,636)
3
Total credit contracts
12,625
(11,590)
1,035
11,971
(10,949)
1,022
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC
179,286
(170,556)
8,730
209,386
(199,173)
10,213
OTC–cleared
585
(540)
45
552
(470)
82
Exchange-traded(a)
9
—
9
6
—
6
Total foreign exchange contracts
179,880
(171,096)
8,784
209,944
(199,643)
10,301
Equity contracts:
OTC
40,599
(36,886)
3,713
29,999
(27,360)
2,639
Exchange-traded(a)
48,014
(47,224)
790
33,137
(29,083)
4,054
Total equity contracts
88,613
(84,110)
4,503
63,136
(56,443)
6,693
Commodity contracts:
OTC
11,137
(7,682)
3,455
8,788
(5,192)
3,596
OTC–cleared
117
(117)
—
120
(120)
—
Exchange-traded(a)
5,005
(4,807)
198
5,376
(5,192)
184
Total commodity contracts
16,259
(12,606)
3,653
14,284
(10,504)
3,780
Derivative payables with appropriate legal opinion
522,192
(494,080)
28,112
(d)
537,679
(506,125)
31,554
(d)
Derivative payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
7,891
7,891
9,293
9,293
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
$
530,083
$
36,003
$
546,972
$
40,847
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)(c)
(5,095)
(4,547)
Net amounts
$
30,908
$
36,300
(a)Exchange-traded derivative balances that relate to futures contracts are settled daily.
(b)Includes liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has been obtained. For some counterparties, the collateral amounts of financial instruments may exceed the derivative receivables and derivative payables balances. Where this is the case, the total amount reported is limited to the net derivative receivables and net derivative payables balances with that counterparty.
(c)Derivative collateral relates only to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.
(d)Net derivatives receivable included cash collateral netted of $47.6 billion and $48.3 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Net derivatives payable included cash collateral netted of $64.4 billion and $70.0 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Derivative cash collateral relates to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.
109
Liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features
Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features related to the Firm’s derivative contracts.
The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade, and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
OTC and OTC-cleared derivative payables containing downgrade triggers
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Aggregate fair value of net derivative payables
$
14,611
$
14,655
Collateral posted
14,804
14,673
The following table shows the impact of a single-notch and two-notch downgrade of the long-term issuer ratings of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, predominantly JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative contracts with contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade. Derivatives contracts generally require additional collateral to be posted or terminations to be triggered when the predefined rating threshold is breached. A downgrade by a single rating agency that does not result in a rating lower than a preexisting corresponding rating provided by another major rating agency will generally not result in additional collateral (except in certain instances in which additional initial margin may be required upon a ratings downgrade), nor in termination payment requirements. The liquidity impact in the table is calculated based upon a downgrade below the lowest current rating of the rating agencies referred to in the derivative contract.
Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade(a)
$
106
$
1,209
$
75
$
1,153
Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade(b)
91
397
93
592
(a)Includes the additional collateral to be posted for initial margin.
(b)Amounts represent fair values of derivative payables, and do not reflect collateral posted.
Derivatives executed in contemplation of a sale of the underlying financial asset
In certain instances the Firm enters into transactions in which it transfers financial assets but maintains the economic exposure to the transferred assets by entering into a derivative with the same counterparty in contemplation of the initial transfer. The Firm generally accounts for such transfers as collateralized financing transactions as described in Note 10, but in limited circumstances they may qualify to be accounted for as a sale and a derivative under U.S. GAAP. The amount of such transfers accounted for as a sale where the associated derivative was outstanding was not material at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
110
Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated statements of income
The following tables provide information related to gains and losses recorded on derivatives based on their hedge accounting designation or purpose.
Fair value hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Firm includes gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the related hedged item.
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of excluded components(e)
OCI impact
Three months ended March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Income statement impact
Amortization approach
Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)
$
318
$
(220)
$
98
$
—
$
112
$
—
Foreign exchange(c)
(139)
189
50
(116)
50
(27)
Commodity(d)
261
(235)
26
—
24
—
Total
$
440
$
(266)
$
174
$
(116)
$
186
$
(27)
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components(e)
OCI impact
Three months ended March 31, 2023 (in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Income statement impact
Amortization approach
Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)
$
1,171
$
(1,103)
$
68
$
—
$
9
$
—
Foreign exchange(c)
158
(94)
64
(172)
64
(28)
Commodity(d)
(1,540)
1,625
85
—
84
—
Total
$
(211)
$
428
$
217
$
(172)
$
157
$
(28)
(a)Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)Includes the amortization of income/expense associated with the inception hedge accounting adjustment applied to the hedged item. Excludes the accrual of interest on interest rate swaps and the related hedged items.
(c)Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items due to changes in foreign currency rates and the income statement impact of excluded components were recorded primarily in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.
(d)Consists of overall fair value hedges of physical commodities inventories that are generally carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value (net realizable value approximates fair value). Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(e)The assessment of hedge effectiveness excludes certain components of the changes in fair values of the derivatives and hedged items such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts, time values and cross-currency basis spreads. Excluded components may impact earnings either through amortization of the initial amount over the life of the derivative, or through fair value changes recognized in the current period.
(f)Represents the change in value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness under the amortization approach, predominantly cross-currency basis spreads. The amount excluded at inception of the hedge is recognized in earnings over the life of the derivative.
111
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated balance sheets related to certain cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that are expected to reverse through the income statement in future periods as an adjustment to yield.
Carrying amount of the hedged items(a)(b)
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items:
March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Active hedging relationships(d)
Discontinued hedging relationships(d)(e)
Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS
$
140,677
(c)
$
(1,704)
$
(1,992)
$
(3,696)
Liabilities
Long-term debt
196,497
(4,124)
(9,427)
(13,551)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
2,325
(23)
—
(23)
Carrying amount of the hedged items(a)(b)
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items:
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Active hedging relationships(d)
Discontinued hedging relationships(d)(e)
Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS
$
151,752
(c)
$
549
$
(2,010)
$
(1,461)
Liabilities
Long-term debt
195,455
(2,042)
(9,727)
(11,769)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
—
—
—
(a)Excludes physical commodities with a carrying value of $2.6 billion and $5.6 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, to which the Firm applies fair value hedge accounting. As a result of the application of hedge accounting, these inventories are carried at fair value, thus recognizing unrealized gains and losses in current periods. Since the Firm exits these positions at fair value, there is no incremental impact to net income in future periods.
(b)Excludes hedged items where only foreign currency risk is the designated hedged risk, as basis adjustments related to foreign currency hedges will not reverse through the income statement in future periods. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying amount excluded for AFS securities is $15.9 billion and $19.3 billion, respectively. For both periods, the carrying amount excluded for long-term debt is zero.
(c)Carrying amount represents the amortized cost, net of allowance if applicable. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of the portfolio layer method closed portfolios was $69.3 billion and $83.9 billion, of which $59.0 billion and $68.0 billion was designated as hedged, respectively. The amount designated as hedged is the sum of the notional amounts of all outstanding layers in each portfolio, which includes both spot starting and forward starting layers. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the cumulative amount of basis adjustments was $(1.5) billion and $(165) million, which is comprised of $(1.2) billion and $73 million for active hedging relationships, and $(304) million and $(238) million for discontinued hedging relationships, respectively. Refer to Note 9 for additional information.
(d)Positive (negative) amounts related to assets represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will reduce (increase) net interest income in future periods. Positive (negative) amounts related to liabilities represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will increase (reduce) net interest income in future periods.
(e)Represents basis adjustments existing on the balance sheet date associated with hedged items that have been de-designated from qualifying fair value hedging relationships.
112
Cash flow hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Firm includes the gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the change in cash flows on the related hedged item.
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income
Amounts recorded in OCI
Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
$
(620)
$
(1,725)
$
(1,105)
Foreign exchange(b)
31
(37)
(68)
Total
$
(589)
$
(1,762)
$
(1,173)
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended March 31, 2023 (in millions)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income
Amounts recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
$
(427)
$
461
$
888
Foreign exchange(b)
(56)
106
162
Total
$
(483)
$
567
$
1,050
(a)Primarily consists of hedges of SOFR-indexed floating-rate assets. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue and compensation expense.
The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that approximately $(1.8) billion (after-tax) of net losses recorded in AOCI at March 31, 2024, related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. For cash flow hedges that have been terminated, the maximum length of time over which the derivative results recorded in AOCI will be recognized in earnings is approximately seven years, corresponding to the timing of the originally hedged forecasted cash flows. For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately seven years. The Firm’s longer-dated forecasted transactions relate to core lending and borrowing activities.
Net investment hedge gains and losses
The following table presents hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
2024
2023
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)
Amounts recorded in
income(a)(b)
Amounts recorded in OCI
Amounts recorded in
income(a)(b)
Amounts recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives
$
89
$
1,442
$
84
$
(1,004)
(a)Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. The Firm elects to record changes in fair value of these amounts directly in other income.
(b)Excludes amounts reclassified from AOCI to income on the sale or liquidation of hedged entities. There were no sales or liquidations of legal entities that resulted in reclassifications for the three month period ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Firm reclassified a pre-tax loss of $(41) million to other revenue related to the acquisition of CIFM. Refer to Note 19 for further information.
113
Gains and losses on derivatives used for specified risk management purposes
The following table presents pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on a limited number of derivatives, not designated in hedge accounting relationships, that are used to manage risks associated with certain specified assets and liabilities, including certain risks arising from mortgage commitments, warehouse loans, MSRs, wholesale lending exposures, and foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities.
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
$
(223)
$
(14)
Credit(b)
(258)
(96)
Foreign exchange(c)
7
2
Total
$
(474)
$
(108)
(a)Primarily represents interest rate derivatives used to hedge the interest rate risk inherent in mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs, as well as written commitments to originate warehouse loans. Gains and losses were recorded predominantly in mortgage fees and related income.
(b)Relates to credit derivatives used to mitigate credit risk associated with lending exposures in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. These derivatives do not include credit derivatives used to mitigate counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables, which is included in gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(c)Primarily relates to derivatives used to mitigate foreign exchange risk of specified foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
Gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives
The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet the needs of customers and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. All derivatives not included in the hedge accounting or specified risk management categories above are included in this category. Gains and losses on these derivatives are primarily recorded in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Note 5 for information on principal transactions revenue.
114
Credit derivatives
Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of credit derivatives. The following tables present a summary of the notional amounts of credit derivatives and credit-related notes the Firm sold and purchased as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.
Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes
Maximum payout/Notional amount
March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings(c)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(d)
Other protection purchased(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps
$
(504,864)
$
529,505
$
24,641
$
7,556
Other credit derivatives(a)
(68,859)
91,669
22,810
13,874
Total credit derivatives
(573,723)
621,174
47,451
21,430
Credit-related notes(b)
—
—
—
9,887
Total
$
(573,723)
$
621,174
$
47,451
$
31,317
Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings(c)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(d)
Other protection purchased(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps
$
(450,172)
$
473,823
$
23,651
$
7,517
Other credit derivatives(a)
(38,846)
45,416
6,570
29,206
Total credit derivatives
(489,018)
519,239
30,221
36,723
Credit-related notes(b)
—
—
—
9,788
Total
$
(489,018)
$
519,239
$
30,221
$
46,511
(a)Other credit derivatives predominantly consist of credit swap options and total return swaps.
(b)Predominantly represents Other protection purchased by CIB.
(c)Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold; the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.
(d)Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.
(e)Represents protection purchased by the Firm on referenced instruments (single-name, portfolio or index) where the Firm has not sold any protection on the identical reference instrument. Also includes credit protection against certain loans and lending-related commitments in the retained lending portfolio through the issuance of credit derivatives and credit-related notes.
The following tables summarize the notional amounts by the ratings, maturity profile, and total fair value, of credit derivatives as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, where JPMorgan Chase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives where JPMorgan Chase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.
Protection sold — credit derivatives ratings(a)/maturity profile
March 31, 2024 (in millions)
<1 year
1–5 years
>5 years
Total notional amount
Fair value of receivables(b)
Fair value of payables(b)
Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade
$
(116,655)
$
(261,889)
$
(69,109)
$
(447,653)
$
4,436
$
(1,140)
$
3,296
Noninvestment-grade
(33,353)
(74,872)
(17,845)
(126,070)
2,419
(1,700)
719
Total
$
(150,008)
$
(336,761)
$
(86,954)
$
(573,723)
$
6,855
$
(2,840)
$
4,015
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
<1 year
1–5 years
>5 years
Total notional amount
Fair value of receivables(b)
Fair value of payables(b)
Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade
$
(89,981)
$
(263,834)
$
(29,470)
$
(383,285)
$
3,659
$
(1,144)
$
2,515
Noninvestment-grade
(31,419)
(69,515)
(4,799)
(105,733)
2,466
(1,583)
883
Total
$
(121,400)
$
(333,349)
$
(34,269)
$
(489,018)
$
6,125
$
(2,727)
$
3,398
(a)The ratings scale is primarily based on external credit ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s.
(b)Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements including cash collateral netting.
115
Note 5 – Noninterest revenue and noninterest expense
Noninterest revenue
Refer to Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the components of and accounting policies for the Firm’s noninterest revenue.
Investment banking fees
The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Underwriting
Equity
$
354
$
233
Debt
1,003
672
Total underwriting
1,357
905
Advisory
597
744
Total investment banking fees
$
1,954
$
1,649
Principal transactions
The following table presents all realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in principal transactions revenue. This table excludes interest income and interest expense on trading assets and liabilities, which are an integral part of the overall performance of the Firm’s client-driven market-making activities in CIB and fund deployment activities in Treasury and CIO. Refer to Note 6 for further information on interest income and interest expense.
Trading revenue is presented primarily by instrument type. The Firm’s client-driven market-making businesses generally utilize a variety of instrument types in connection with their market-making and related risk-management activities; accordingly, the trading revenue presented in the table below is not representative of the total revenue of any individual LOB.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Trading revenue by instrument type
Interest rate(a)
$
1,071
$
1,786
Credit(b)
691
634
Foreign exchange
1,536
1,551
Equity
3,277
2,693
Commodity
200
926
Total trading revenue
6,775
7,590
Private equity gains
15
25
Principal transactions
$
6,790
$
7,615
(a)Includes the impact of changes in funding valuation adjustments on derivatives.
(b)Includes the impact of changes in credit valuation adjustments on derivatives, net of the associated hedging activities.
Lending- and deposit-related fees
The following table presents the components of lending- and deposit-related fees.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Lending-related fees
$
603
(a)
$
369
Deposit-related fees
1,299
1,251
Total lending- and deposit-related fees
$
1,902
$
1,620
(a)Includes the amortization of the fair value discount on certain acquired lending-related commitments associated with First Republic, predominantly in AWM and CB. The discount is deferred in other liabilities and recognized on a straight-line basis over the commitment period. Refer to Note 26 for additional information.
Deposit-related fees include the impact of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees.
Asset management fees
The following table presents the components of asset management fees.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Asset management fees
Investment management fees
$
4,059
(a)
$
3,390
All other asset management fees
87
75
Total asset management fees
$
4,146
$
3,465
(a)Includes the impact of First Republic. Refer to Note 26 for additional information.
Commissions and other fees
The following table presents the components of commissions and other fees.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Commissions and other fees
Brokerage commissions
$
763
$
747
Administration fees
606
557
All other commissions and fees (a)
436
391
Total commissions and other fees
$
1,805
$
1,695
(a)Includes travel-related and annuity sales commissions, depositary receipt-related service fees, as well as other service fees, which are recognized as revenue when the services are rendered.
116
Card income
The following table presents the components of card income.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Interchange and merchant processing income
$
7,831
$
7,139
Rewards costs and partner payments
(6,171)
(5,509)
Other card income(a)
(442)
(396)
Total card income
$
1,218
$
1,234
(a)Predominantly represents the amortization of account origination costs and annual fees, which are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period.
Refer to Note 14 for further information onmortgage fees and related income.
Other income
The following table presents certain components of other income.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Operating lease income
$
672
$
755
Losses on tax-oriented investments
(14)
(412)
Gain related to the acquisition of CIFM
—
339
(a)
(a)Gain on the original minority interest in CIFM upon the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% of the entity.
Effective January 1, 2024, as a result of adopting updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method guidance, the amortization of certain of the Firm's alternative energy tax-oriented investments that was previously recognized in other income is now being recognized in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Refer to Notes 1 and 13 for additional information.
Refer to Note 16 for information on operating lease income included within other income.
Noninterest expense
Other expense
Other expense on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income includes the following:
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Legal expense
$
(72)
$
176
FDIC-related expense
973
(a)
317
First Republic-related expense
230
(b)
—
(a)Included the increase of $725 million to the special assessment instituted by the FDIC reflecting its revised estimated losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which was an adjustment to the $2.9 billion estimate recorded in the three months ended December 31, 2023.
(b)Included $155 million restructuring and integration costs associated with First Republic in the three months ended March 31, 2024. Refer to Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
117
Note 6 – Interest income and Interest expense
Refer to Note 7 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding interest income and interest expense.
The following table presents the components of interest income and interest expense.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Interest income
Loans(a)
$
22,874
$
17,708
Taxable securities
4,871
3,967
Non-taxable securities(b)
323
248
Total investment securities(a)
5,194
4,215
Trading assets - debt instruments
4,592
3,646
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
4,215
3,131
Securities borrowed
2,166
1,716
Deposits with banks
6,386
4,819
All other interest-earning assets(c)
2,011
1,769
Total interest income
$
47,438
$
37,004
Interest expense
Interest-bearing deposits
$
12,234
$
7,637
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
3,969
2,804
Short-term borrowings
535
421
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing liabilities(d)
2,636
1,971
Long-term debt
4,618
3,313
Beneficial interest issued by consolidated VIEs
364
147
Total interest expense
$
24,356
$
16,293
Net interest income
$
23,082
$
20,711
Provision for credit losses
1,884
2,275
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
$
21,198
$
18,436
(a)Includes the amortization and accretion of purchase premiums and discounts, as well as net deferred fees and costs on loans.
(b)Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(c)Includes interest earned on brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)All other interest-bearing liabilities includes interest expense on brokerage-related customer payables.
118
Note 7 – Pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans
Refer to Note 8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s pension and OPEB plans.
The following table presents the net periodic benefit costs reported in the Consolidated statements of income for the Firm’s defined benefit pension, defined contribution and OPEB plans.
(in millions)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Pension and OPEB plans
Total net periodic defined benefit plan cost/(credit)
$
(113)
$
(94)
Total defined contribution plans
388
365
Total pension and OPEB cost included in noninterest expense
$
275
$
271
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair values of plan assets for the Firm’s significant defined benefit pension and OPEB plans were $22.1 billion and $22.0 billion, respectively.
119
Note 8 – Employee share-based incentives
Refer to Note 9 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the accounting policies and other information relating to employee share-based incentives.
The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee share-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Cost of prior grants of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance share units (“PSUs”) and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods
$
435
$
357
Accrual of estimated costs of share-based awards to be granted in future periods, predominantly those to full-career eligible employees
503
513
Total noncash compensation expense related to employee share-based incentive plans
$
938
$
870
In the first quarter of 2024, in connection with its annual incentive grant for the 2023 performance year, the Firm granted 17 million RSUs and 726 thousand PSUs with weighted-average grant date fair values of $164.42 per RSU and $165.62 per PSU.
120
Note 9 – Investment securities
Investment securities consist of debt securities that are classified as AFS or HTM. Debt securities classified as trading assets are discussed in Note 2. Predominantly all of the Firm’s AFS and HTM securities are held by Treasury and CIO in connection with its asset-liability management activities. At March 31, 2024, the investment securities portfolio consisted of debt securities with an average credit
rating of AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings).
Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the investment securities portfolio.
The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Amortized cost(d)(e)
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Amortized cost(d)(e)
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
$
75,141
$
423
$
4,327
$
71,237
$
88,377
$
870
$
4,077
$
85,170
Residential:
U.S.
1,997
7
68
1,936
2,086
10
68
2,028
Non-U.S.
1,021
4
—
1,025
1,608
4
1
1,611
Commercial
2,730
14
85
2,659
2,930
12
139
2,803
Total mortgage-backed securities
80,889
448
4,480
76,857
95,001
896
4,285
91,612
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
111,133
342
699
110,776
58,051
276
522
57,805
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
19,077
160
426
18,811
21,243
390
266
21,367
Non-U.S. government debt securities
20,084
156
361
19,879
21,387
254
359
21,282
Corporate debt securities
118
—
29
89
128
—
28
100
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
7,155
23
14
7,164
6,769
11
28
6,752
Other
2,585
11
20
2,576
2,804
8
26
2,786
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value
basis adjustments(a)
(1,228)
—
(1,228)
NA
73
(73)
—
NA
Total available-for-sale securities
239,813
1,140
4,801
236,152
205,456
1,762
5,514
201,704
Held-to-maturity securities(b)
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
103,691
23
13,343
90,371
105,614
39
11,643
94,010
U.S. Residential
9,455
3
1,030
8,428
9,709
4
970
8,743
Commercial
10,126
21
471
9,676
10,534
13
581
9,966
Total mortgage-backed securities
123,272
47
14,844
108,475
125,857
56
13,194
112,719
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
143,724
—
13,552
130,172
173,666
—
13,074
160,592
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
9,648
42
677
9,013
9,945
74
591
9,428
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
56,178
82
129
56,131
58,565
47
352
58,260
Other
1,705
2
55
1,652
1,815
1
61
1,755
Total held-to-maturity securities(c)
334,527
173
29,257
305,443
369,848
178
27,272
342,754
Total investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
$
574,340
$
1,313
$
34,058
$
541,595
$
575,304
$
1,940
$
32,786
$
544,458
(a)Represents the amount of portfolio layer method basis adjustments related to AFS securities hedged in a closed portfolio. Under U.S. GAAP portfolio layer method basis adjustments are not allocated to individual securities, however the amounts impact the unrealized gains or losses in the table for the types of securities being hedged. Refer to Note 4 for additional information.
(b)The Firm purchased $479 million and $3.6 billion of HTM securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(c)Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted the portfolio layer method hedge accounting guidance which permitted a transfer of HTM securities to AFS upon adoption. The Firm transferred obligations of U.S. states and municipalities with a carrying value of $7.1 billion resulting in the recognition of $38 million net pre-tax unrealized losses in AOCI. This transfer was a non-cash transaction. Refer to Note 19 of this Form 10-Q and Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
(d)The amortized cost of investment securities is reported net of allowance for credit losses of $154 million and $128 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(e)Excludes $3.4 billion and $2.8 billion of accrued interest receivable at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Firm did not reverse through interest income any accrued interest receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further discussion of accounting policies for accrued interest receivable on investment securities.
121
AFS securities impairment
The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses by aging category for AFS securities at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The tables exclude U.S. Treasury and government agency securities and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS with unrealized losses of $5.0 billion and $4.6 billion, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; changes in the value of these securities are generally driven by changes in interest rates rather than changes in their credit profile given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government.
Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 months
12 months or more
March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.
$
143
$
1
$
1,089
$
67
$
1,232
$
68
Non-U.S.
—
—
212
—
212
—
Commercial
58
3
1,386
82
1,444
85
Total mortgage-backed securities
201
4
2,687
149
2,888
153
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
9,704
158
2,181
268
11,885
426
Non-U.S. government debt securities
7,355
32
4,493
329
11,848
361
Corporate debt securities
9
—
47
29
56
29
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
458
—
1,122
14
1,580
14
Other
169
1
1,015
19
1,184
20
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
$
17,896
$
195
$
11,545
$
808
$
29,441
$
1,003
Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 months
12 months or more
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.
$
81
$
—
$
1,160
$
68
$
1,241
$
68
Non-U.S.
—
—
722
1
722
1
Commercial
228
3
1,775
136
2,003
139
Total mortgage-backed securities
309
3
3,657
205
3,966
208
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
2,134
20
2,278
246
4,412
266
Non-U.S. government debt securities
7,145
23
4,987
336
12,132
359
Corporate debt securities
9
—
79
28
88
28
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
932
2
3,744
26
4,676
28
Other
208
1
1,288
25
1,496
26
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
$
10,737
$
49
$
16,033
$
866
$
26,770
$
915
122
HTM securities – credit risk
Credit quality indicator
The primary credit quality indicator for HTM securities is the risk rating assigned to each security. At both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all HTM securities were rated investment grade and were current and accruing, with approximately 99% rated at least AA+.
Allowance for credit losses on investment securities
The allowance for credit losses on investment securities was $154 million and $90 million as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which included a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings related to the transfer of HTM securities to AFS for the period ended March 31, 2023.
Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further discussion of accounting policies for AFS and HTM securities.
Selected impacts of investment securities on the Consolidated statements of income
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Realized gains
$
173
$
131
Realized losses
(539)
(999)
Investment securities losses
$
(366)
$
(868)
Provision for credit losses
$
26
$
1
123
Contractual maturities and yields
The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at March 31, 2024, of JPMorgan Chase’s investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity.
By remaining maturity March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through 10 years
Due after
10 years(c)
Total
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
—
$
5,331
$
4,742
$
70,816
$
80,889
Fair value
—
5,252
4,773
66,832
76,857
Average yield(a)
—
%
5.32
%
6.20
%
4.65
%
4.79
%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost
$
—
$
74,048
$
30,318
$
6,767
$
111,133
Fair value
—
73,880
30,464
6,432
110,776
Average yield(a)
—
%
5.00
%
6.17
%
6.70
%
5.42
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost
$
9
$
22
$
115
$
18,931
$
19,077
Fair value
8
21
114
18,668
18,811
Average yield(a)
3.64
%
1.94
%
3.92
%
5.95
%
5.93
%
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Amortized cost
$
4,996
$
5,337
$
3,980
$
5,771
$
20,084
Fair value
4,979
5,304
3,754
5,842
19,879
Average yield(a)
3.31
%
4.56
%
2.10
%
3.98
%
3.59
%
Corporate debt securities
Amortized cost
$
74
$
64
$
14
$
—
$
152
Fair value
12
64
13
—
89
Average yield(a)
15.50
%
6.19
%
4.10
%
—
%
10.51
%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
35
$
724
$
2,637
$
6,344
$
9,740
Fair value
35
720
2,641
6,344
9,740
Average yield(a)
5.17
%
4.41
%
6.36
%
6.80
%
6.50
%
Total available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost(b)
$
5,114
$
85,526
$
41,806
$
108,629
$
241,075
Fair value
5,034
85,241
41,759
104,118
236,152
Average yield(a)
3.50
%
4.99
%
5.79
%
5.09
%
5.12
%
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
—
$
6,244
$
8,239
$
108,871
$
123,354
Fair value
—
5,782
7,275
95,418
108,475
Average yield(a)
—
%
2.57
%
2.65
%
3.02
%
2.97
%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost
$
35,177
$
60,356
$
48,191
$
—
$
143,724
Fair value
34,608
55,446
40,118
—
130,172
Average yield(a)
0.88
%
0.96
%
1.25
%
—
%
1.04
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost
$
—
$
—
$
268
$
9,418
$
9,686
Fair value
—
—
239
8,774
9,013
Average yield(a)
—
%
—
%
3.15
%
3.92
%
3.90
%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
—
$
7
$
20,412
$
37,464
$
57,883
Fair value
—
7
20,394
37,382
57,783
Average yield(a)
—
%
6.59
%
6.26
%
6.52
%
6.43
%
Total held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost(b)
$
35,177
$
66,607
$
77,110
$
155,753
$
334,647
Fair value
34,608
61,235
68,026
141,574
305,443
Average yield(a)
0.88
%
1.11
%
2.73
%
3.91
%
2.76
%
(a)Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and the effect of related hedging derivatives, including closed portfolio hedges. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. The effective yield excludes unscheduled principal prepayments; and accordingly, actual maturities of securities may differ from their contractual or expected maturities as certain securities may be prepaid. However, for certain callable debt securities, the average yield is calculated to the earliest call date.
(b)For purposes of this table, the amortized cost of available-for-sale securities excludes the allowance for credit losses of $34 million and the portfolio layer fair value hedge basis adjustments of $(1.2) billion at March 31, 2024. The amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities also excludes the allowance for credit losses of $120 million at March 31, 2024.
(c)Substantially all of the Firm’s U.S. residential MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations are due in 10 years or more, based on contractual maturity. The estimated weighted-average life, which reflects anticipated future prepayments, is approximately eight years for agency residential MBS and six years for both agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations and nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations.
124
Note 10 – Securities financing activities
Refer to Note 11 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of accounting policies relating to securities financing activities. Refer to Note 3 for further information regarding securities financing agreements for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 23 for further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements.
The table below summarizes the gross and net amounts of the Firm’s securities financing agreements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. When the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to a master netting agreement with a counterparty and where other relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP are met, the Firm nets, on the Consolidated balance sheets, the balances outstanding under its securities financing agreements with the same counterparty. In addition, the Firm exchanges securities and/or cash collateral with its counterparty to reduce the economic exposure with the counterparty, but such collateral is not eligible for net Consolidated balance
sheet presentation. Where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the counterparty master netting agreement, such collateral, along with securities financing balances that do not meet all these relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP, is presented in the table below as “Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets,” and reduces the “Net amounts” presented. Where a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, the securities financing balances are presented gross in the “Net amounts” below. In transactions where the Firm is acting as the lender in a securities-for-securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged or sold as collateral, the Firm recognizes the securities received at fair value within other assets and the obligation to return those securities within accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
March 31, 2024
(in millions)
Gross amounts
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)
Net
amounts(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements
$
604,201
$
(273,642)
$
330,559
$
(322,889)
$
7,670
Securities borrowed
245,443
(47,107)
198,336
(148,169)
50,167
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
595,265
$
(273,642)
$
321,623
$
(284,587)
$
37,036
Securities loaned and other(a)
58,708
(47,107)
11,601
(11,369)
232
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Gross amounts
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)
Net
amounts(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements
$
523,308
$
(247,181)
$
276,127
$
(267,582)
$
8,545
Securities borrowed
244,046
(43,610)
200,436
(144,543)
55,893
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
459,985
$
(247,181)
$
212,804
$
(182,011)
$
30,793
Securities loaned and other(a)
52,142
(43,610)
8,532
(8,501)
31
(a)Includes securities-for-securities lending agreements of $8.9 billion and $5.6 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender.
(b)In some cases, collateral exchanged with a counterparty exceeds the net asset or liability balance with that counterparty. In such cases, the amounts reported in this column are limited to the related net asset or liability with that counterparty.
(c)Includes securities financing agreements that provide collateral rights, but where an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement has not been either sought or obtained. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included $5.5 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively, of securities purchased under resale agreements; $45.6 billion and $50.7 billion, respectively, of securities borrowed; $36.2 billion and $30.0 billion, respectively, of securities sold under repurchase agreements; and securities loaned and other which were not material at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
125
The tables below present as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 the types of financial assets pledged in securities financing agreements and the remaining contractual maturity of the securities financing agreements.
Gross liability balance
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities loaned and other
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities loaned and other
Mortgage-backed securities
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
$
71,065
$
—
$
71,064
$
—
Residential - nonagency
2,233
—
2,292
—
Commercial - nonagency
2,357
—
2,669
—
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies
300,105
809
216,467
1,034
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
2,189
—
2,323
—
Non-U.S. government debt
134,763
2,682
97,400
1,455
Corporate debt securities
41,765
2,437
39,247
2,025
Asset-backed securities
4,181
—
2,703
—
Equity securities
36,607
52,780
25,820
47,628
Total
$
595,265
$
58,708
$
459,985
$
52,142
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Overnight and continuous
Greater than 90 days
March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Up to 30 days
30 – 90 days
Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
270,443
$
193,549
$
43,467
$
87,806
$
595,265
Total securities loaned and other
57,204
292
2
1,210
58,708
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Overnight and continuous
Greater than 90 days
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Up to 30 days
30 – 90 days
Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
259,048
$
102,941
$
20,960
$
77,036
$
459,985
Total securities loaned and other
49,610
1,544
—
988
52,142
Transfers not qualifying for sale accounting
At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm held $443 million and $505 million of financial assets for which the rights have been transferred to third parties; however, the transfers did not qualify as a sale in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These transfers have been recognized as collateralized financing transactions. The transferred assets are recorded in trading assets and loans, and the corresponding liabilities are recorded primarily in short-term borrowings and long-term debt on the Consolidated balance sheets.
126
Note 11 – Loans
Loan accounting framework
The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:
•Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”)
•Loans held-for-sale
•Loans at fair value
Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of loans, including accounting policies. Refer to Note 3 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the Firm's elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. Refer to Note 2 of this Form 10-Q for information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.
Loan portfolio
The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale(c)(d)
• Residential real estate(a)
• Auto and other(b)
• Credit card loans
• Secured by real estate
• Commercial and industrial
• Other(e)
(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM, and scored mortgage loans held in CIB.
(b)Includes scored auto, business banking and consumer unsecured loans as well as overdrafts, primarily in CCB.
(c)Includes loans held in CIB, CB, AWM, Corporate, and risk-rated exposure held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses.
(d)The wholesale portfolio segment's classes align with loan classifications as defined by the bank regulatory agencies, based on the loan's collateral, purpose, and type of borrower.
(e)Includes loans to SPEs, financial institutions, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.
March 31, 2024
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total(a)(b)
(in millions)
Retained
$
389,592
$
206,740
$
667,761
$
1,264,093
Held-for-sale
1,331
—
5,146
6,477
At fair value
12,481
—
26,565
39,046
Total
$
403,404
$
206,740
$
699,472
$
1,309,616
December 31, 2023
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total(a)(b)
(in millions)
Retained
$
397,275
$
211,123
$
672,472
$
1,280,870
Held-for-sale
487
—
3,498
3,985
At fair value
12,331
—
26,520
38,851
Total
$
410,093
$
211,123
$
702,490
$
1,323,706
(a)Excludes $6.8 billion of accrued interest receivables at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Firm wrote off accrued interest receivables of $31 million and $11 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(b)Loans (other than those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan fees or costs. These amounts were not material as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. For the discount associated with First Republic loans see Note 26 on pages 171-173.
127
The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. Loans that were reclassified to held-for-sale and sold in a subsequent period are excluded from the sales line of this table.
2024
2023
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Purchases
$
124
(b)(c)
$
—
$
161
$
285
$
79
(b)(c)
$
—
$
163
$
242
Sales
3,364
—
9,582
12,946
—
—
9,171
9,171
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)
987
—
185
1,172
43
—
314
357
(a)Reclassifications of loans to held-for-sale are non-cash transactions.
(b)Includes purchases of residential real estate loans, including the Firm’s voluntary repurchases of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, FHA, RHS, and/or VA.
(c)Excludes purchases of retained loans of $204 million and $663 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which are predominantly sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards.
Gains and losses on sales of loans
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments (including adjustments to record loans and lending-related commitments held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value) recognized in noninterest revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $96 million of which $66 million was related to loans. Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $23 million of which $27 million was related to loans. In addition, the sale of loans may also result in write downs, recoveries or changes in the allowance recognized in the provision for credit losses.
128
Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio
Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of scored residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto and business banking loans, with a focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. These loans include home equity loans secured by junior liens, prime mortgage loans with an interest-only payment period, and certain payment-option loans that may result in negative amortization.
The following table provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Residential real estate
$
319,984
$
326,409
Auto and other
69,608
70,866
Total retained loans
$
389,592
$
397,275
Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for consumer loans. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information on consumer credit quality indicators.
129
Residential real estate
Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained residential real estate loans. The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.
(in millions, except ratios)
March 31, 2024
Term loans by origination year(c)
Revolving loans
Total
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior to 2020
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current
$
2,148
$
20,058
$
63,668
$
83,481
$
54,894
$
78,706
$
7,053
$
7,845
$
317,853
30–149 days past due
—
19
114
95
49
762
42
230
1,311
150 or more days past due
—
2
42
30
34
540
8
164
820
Total retained loans
$
2,148
$
20,079
$
63,824
$
83,606
$
54,977
$
80,008
$
7,103
$
8,239
$
319,984
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)
—
%
0.10
%
0.24
%
0.15
%
0.15
%
1.61
%
0.70
%
4.78
%
0.66
%
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
55
$
5
$
3
$
63
(in millions, except ratios)
December 31, 2023
Term loans by origination year(c)
Revolving loans
Total
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current
$
23,216
$
64,366
$
84,496
$
55,546
$
21,530
$
59,563
$
7,479
$
8,151
$
324,347
30–149 days past due
33
74
89
70
41
801
49
223
1,380
150 or more days past due
1
10
17
8
21
456
5
164
682
Total retained loans
$
23,250
$
64,450
$
84,602
$
55,624
$
21,592
$
60,820
$
7,533
$
8,538
$
326,409
% of 30+ days past due to
total retained loans(b)
0.15
%
0.13
%
0.13
%
0.14
%
0.29
%
2.04
%
0.72
%
4.53
%
0.63
%
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
4
$
167
$
26
$
7
$
204
(a)Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(b)Excludes mortgage loans that are 30 or more days past due insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(c)Purchased loans are included in the year in which they were originated.
Approximately 37% of the total revolving loans are senior lien loans; the remaining balance are junior lien loans. The lien position the Firm holds is considered in the Firm’s allowance for credit losses. Revolving loans that have been converted to term loans have higher delinquency rates than those that are still within the revolving period. That is primarily because the fully-amortizing payment that is generally required for those products is higher than the minimum payment options available for revolving loans within the revolving period.
130
Nonaccrual loans and other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained residential real estate loans.
(in millions, except weighted-average data)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)(c)(d)
$
3,449
$
3,466
Current estimated LTV ratios(e)(f)(g)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
$
70
$
72
Less than 660
—
—
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
228
223
Less than 660
5
4
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
6,533
6,491
Less than 660
102
102
Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
302,573
309,251
Less than 660
9,436
9,277
No FICO/LTV available(h)
1,037
989
Total retained loans
$
319,984
$
326,409
Weighted-average LTV ratio(e)(i)
48
%
49
%
Weighted-average FICO(f)(i)
776
770
Geographic region(h)(j)
California
$
125,046
$
127,072
New York
48,175
48,815
Florida
22,371
22,778
Texas
15,106
15,506
Massachusetts
14,014
14,213
Colorado
10,590
10,800
Illinois
10,540
10,856
Washington
9,573
9,923
New Jersey
7,863
8,050
Connecticut
7,020
7,163
All other
49,686
51,233
Total retained loans
$
319,984
$
326,409
(a)Includes collateral-dependent residential real estate loans that are charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual loans, regardless of their delinquency status. At March 31, 2024, approximately 9% of Chapter 7 residential real estate loans were 30 days or more past due.
(b)Mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies excluded from nonaccrual loans were not material at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(c)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.
(d)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $43 million and $45 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(e)Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.
(f)Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.
(g)Includes residential real estate loans, primarily held in LLCs in AWM that did not have a refreshed FICO score. These loans have been included in a FICO band based on management’s estimation of the borrower’s credit quality.
(h)Included U.S. government-guaranteed loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(i)Excludes loans with no FICO and/or LTV data available.
(j)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at March 31, 2024.
131
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of residential real estate loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Firm's proprietary modification programs as well as government programs, including U.S. GSE programs, that generally provide various modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment deferral and principal forgiveness that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement, are considered FDMs. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
Financial effects of FDMs
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, residential real estate FDMs were $39 million. The financial effects of the FDMs, which were predominantly in the form of term extensions and interest rate reductions, included extending the weighted-average life of the loans by 16 years and reducing the weighted-average contractual interest rate from 7.39% to 4.28%.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, residential real estate FDMs were $38 million. The financial effects of the FDMs, which were largely in the form of term extensions and interest rate reductions, included extending the weighted-average life of the loans up to 24 years, and reducing the weighted-average contractual interest rate from 5.84% to 3.57%.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, loans subject to a trial modification and Chapter 7 loans were not material.
Payment status of FDMs and defaults
The following table provides information on the payment status of FDMs during the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 and the three months ended March 31, 2023.
(in millions)
Amortized cost basis
Twelve months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Current
$
97
$
37
30-149 days past due
17
1
150 or more days past due
11
—
Total
$
125
$
38
FDMs that defaulted in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to the default were not material. There were no FDMs that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and were reported as FDMs on or after January 1, 2023, the date that the Firm adopted the changes to the TDR accounting guidance. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
Active and suspended foreclosure
At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm had residential real estate loans, excluding those insured by U.S. government agencies, with a carrying value of $608 million and $566 million, respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.
132
Auto and other
Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained auto and other loans. The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.
March 31, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior to 2020
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current
$
7,175
$
26,329
$
13,361
$
11,306
$
5,538
$
1,724
$
3,190
$
103
$
68,726
30–119 days past due
55
232
228
180
62
39
23
28
847
120 or more days past due
—
1
1
5
8
—
1
19
35
Total retained loans
$
7,230
$
26,562
$
13,590
$
11,491
$
5,608
$
1,763
$
3,214
$
150
$
69,608
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
0.76
%
0.88
%
1.69
%
1.56
%
1.07
%
2.21
%
0.75
%
31.33
%
1.24
%
Gross charge-offs
$
22
$
111
$
63
$
36
$
11
$
24
$
—
$
1
$
268
December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current
$
30,328
$
14,797
$
12,825
$
6,538
$
1,777
$
511
$
2,984
$
102
$
69,862
30–119 days past due
276
279
231
78
43
17
19
24
967
120 or more days past due
1
1
7
8
—
—
3
17
37
Total retained loans
$
30,605
$
15,077
$
13,063
$
6,624
$
1,820
$
528
$
3,006
$
143
$
70,866
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
0.91
%
1.86
%
1.75
%
1.15
%
2.36
%
3.22
%
0.73
%
28.67
%
1.39
%
Gross charge-offs
$
333
$
297
$
161
$
53
$
35
$
64
$
—
$
4
$
947
133
Nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained auto and other consumer loans.
(in millions)
Total Auto and other
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)
$
181
$
177
Geographic region(c)
California
$
10,794
$
10,959
Texas
8,318
8,502
Florida
5,632
5,684
New York
4,911
4,938
Illinois
3,059
3,147
New Jersey
2,565
2,609
Pennsylvania
1,907
1,900
Georgia
1,858
1,912
Arizona
1,736
1,779
North Carolina
1,679
1,714
All other
27,149
27,722
Total retained loans
$
69,608
$
70,866
(a)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.
(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
(c)The geographic regions presented in this table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at March 31, 2024.
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of auto and other loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, auto and other FDMs were not material.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers modified as FDMs.
134
Credit card loan portfolio
The credit card portfolio segment includes credit card loans originated and purchased by the Firm. Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for credit card loans.
Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information on the credit card loan portfolio, including credit quality indicators.
The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.
(in millions, except ratios)
March 31, 2024
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due
and still accruing
$
201,163
$
974
$
202,137
30–89 days past due and still accruing
2,106
93
2,199
90 or more days past due and still accruing
2,351
53
2,404
Total retained loans
$
205,620
$
1,120
$
206,740
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
2.17
%
13.04
%
2.23
%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
1.14
4.73
1.16
Gross charge-offs
$
1,860
$
54
$
1,914
(in millions, except ratios)
December 31, 2023
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due
and still accruing
$
205,731
$
882
$
206,613
30–89 days past due and still accruing
2,217
84
2,301
90 or more days past due and still accruing
2,169
40
2,209
Total retained loans
$
210,117
$
1,006
$
211,123
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
2.09
%
12.33
%
2.14
%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
1.03
3.98
1.05
Gross charge-offs
$
5,325
$
166
$
5,491
Other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on other credit quality indicators for retained credit card loans.
(in millions, except ratios)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Geographic region(a)
California
$
32,053
$
32,652
Texas
21,833
22,086
New York
16,561
16,915
Florida
15,043
15,103
Illinois
11,137
11,364
New Jersey
8,495
8,688
Ohio
6,211
6,424
Colorado
6,210
6,307
Pennsylvania
5,885
6,088
Arizona
5,179
5,209
All other
78,133
80,287
Total retained loans
$
206,740
$
211,123
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores
Equal to or greater than 660
85.2
%
85.8
%
Less than 660
14.7
14.0
No FICO available
0.1
0.2
(a)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at March 31, 2024.
135
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of credit card loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may involve placing the customer’s credit card account on a fixed payment plan, generally for 60 months, which typically includes reducing the interest rate on the credit card account. If the borrower does not make the contractual payments when due under the modified payment terms, the credit card loan continues to age and will be charged-off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy. In most cases, the Firm does not reinstate the borrower's line of credit.
Financial effects of FDMs
The following tables provide information on credit card loan modifications considered FDMs.
Three months ended March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Loan modifications
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)
$
259
0.13
%
Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.88% to 3.30%
Total
$
259
Three months ended March 31, 2023 (in millions)
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Loan modifications
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)
$
163
0.09
%
Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 22.62% to 3.50%
Total
$
163
(a)Term extension includes credit card loans whose terms have been modified under long-term programs by placing the customer's credit card account on a fixed payment plan.
(b)Interest rates represent the weighted average at the time of modification.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, credit card loans subject to trial modifications were not material.
Payment status of FDMs and defaults
The following table provides information on the payment status of FDMs during the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 and the three months ended March 31, 2023.
(in millions)
Amortized cost basis
Twelve months ended March 31,
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
626
$
113
30-89 days past due and still accruing
65
30
90 or more days past due and still accruing
43
20
Total
$
734
$
163
FDMs that defaulted in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to the default were not material. There were no FDMs that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and were reported as FDMs on or after January 1, 2023, the date that the Firm adopted the changes to the TDR accounting guidance. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
For credit card loans modified as FDMs, payment default is deemed to have occurred when the borrower misses two consecutive contractual payments. Defaulted modified credit card loans remain in the modification program and continue to be charged off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy.
136
Wholesale loan portfolio
Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of clients, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients, to small businesses and high-net-worth individuals. The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the internal risk rating assigned to each loan. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on these risk ratings.
Internal risk rating is the primary credit quality indicator for retained wholesale loans. The following tables provide information on internal risk rating and gross charge-offs.
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other(a)
Total retained loans
(in millions, except ratios)
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
118,829
$
120,405
$
71,308
$
72,624
$
263,455
$
265,809
$
453,592
$
458,838
Noninvestment-grade:
Noncriticized
35,333
34,241
82,426
80,637
71,091
75,178
188,850
190,056
Criticized performing
8,431
7,291
12,349
12,684
1,612
1,257
22,392
21,232
Criticized nonaccrual
591
401
1,435
1,221
901
724
2,927
2,346
Total noninvestment-grade
44,355
41,933
96,210
94,542
73,604
77,159
214,169
213,634
Total retained loans
$
163,184
$
162,338
$
167,518
$
167,166
$
337,059
$
342,968
$
667,761
$
672,472
% of investment-grade to total retained loans
72.82
%
74.17
%
42.57
%
43.44
%
78.16
%
77.50
%
67.93
%
68.23
%
% of total criticized to total retained loans
5.53
4.74
8.23
8.32
0.75
0.58
3.79
3.51
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans
0.36
0.25
0.86
0.73
0.27
0.21
0.44
0.35
(a)Includes loans to SPEs, financial institutions, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, predominantly consisted of $105.2 billion and $106.9 billion, respectively, to individuals and individual entities; $87.3 billion and $91.2 billion, respectively, to SPEs; and $85.1 billion and $87.5 billion, respectively, to financial institutions. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
Secured by real estate
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior to 2020
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
1,847
$
10,697
$
28,184
$
24,877
$
16,470
$
35,371
$
1,383
$
—
$
118,829
Noninvestment-grade
1,042
4,818
12,979
8,575
3,743
11,795
1,402
1
44,355
Total retained loans
$
2,889
$
15,515
$
41,163
$
33,452
$
20,213
$
47,166
$
2,785
$
1
$
163,184
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
5
$
20
$
—
$
—
$
3
$
—
$
—
$
28
Secured by real estate
(in millions)
December 31, 2023
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
10,687
$
28,874
$
25,784
$
16,820
$
15,677
$
21,108
$
1,455
$
—
$
120,405
Noninvestment-grade
4,477
12,579
7,839
3,840
3,987
7,918
1,291
2
41,933
Total retained loans
$
15,164
$
41,453
$
33,623
$
20,660
$
19,664
$
29,026
$
2,746
$
2
$
162,338
Gross charge-offs
$
20
$
48
$
22
$
—
$
23
$
78
$
—
$
1
$
192
137
Commercial and industrial
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior to 2020
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
5,552
$
9,804
$
9,117
$
4,040
$
1,705
$
1,818
$
39,229
$
43
$
71,308
Noninvestment-grade
4,860
15,466
15,898
8,476
1,707
1,795
47,935
73
96,210
Total retained loans
$
10,412
$
25,270
$
25,015
$
12,516
$
3,412
$
3,613
$
87,164
$
116
$
167,518
Gross charge-offs
$
3
$
3
$
19
$
3
$
1
$
3
$
43
$
—
$
75
Commercial and industrial
(in millions)
December 31, 2023
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
14,875
$
10,642
$
4,276
$
2,291
$
1,030
$
1,115
$
38,394
$
1
$
72,624
Noninvestment-grade
18,890
16,444
9,299
1,989
1,144
1,006
45,696
74
94,542
Total retained loans
$
33,765
$
27,086
$
13,575
$
4,280
$
2,174
$
2,121
$
84,090
$
75
$
167,166
Gross charge-offs
$
25
$
8
$
110
$
55
$
2
$
12
$
259
$
8
$
479
Other(a)
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior to 2020
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
10,191
$
32,625
$
17,015
$
9,037
$
9,635
$
9,691
$
173,115
$
2,146
$
263,455
Noninvestment-grade
3,696
10,946
7,375
5,779
1,998
2,532
41,223
55
73,604
Total retained loans
$
13,887
$
43,571
$
24,390
$
14,816
$
11,633
$
12,223
$
214,338
$
2,201
$
337,059
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
7
$
—
$
18
$
7
$
1
$
—
$
—
$
33
Other(a)
(in millions)
December 31, 2023
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
38,338
$
18,034
$
10,033
$
10,099
$
3,721
$
6,662
$
176,728
$
2,194
$
265,809
Noninvestment-grade
14,054
8,092
6,169
2,172
811
2,001
43,801
59
77,159
Total retained loans
$
52,392
$
26,126
$
16,202
$
12,271
$
4,532
$
8,663
$
220,529
$
2,253
$
342,968
Gross charge-offs
$
5
$
298
$
8
$
8
$
—
$
8
$
13
$
—
$
340
(a)Includes loans to SPEs, financial institutions, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
138
The following table presents additional information on retained loans secured by real estate, which consists of loans secured wholly or substantially by a lien or liens on real property at origination.
(in millions, except ratios)
Multifamily
Other commercial
Total retained loans secured by real estate
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Retained loans secured by real estate
$
101,514
$
100,725
$
61,670
$
61,613
$
163,184
$
162,338
Criticized
3,654
3,596
5,368
4,096
9,022
7,692
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate
3.60
%
3.57
%
8.70
%
6.65
%
5.53
%
4.74
%
Criticized nonaccrual
$
89
$
76
$
502
$
325
$
591
$
401
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate
0.09
%
0.08
%
0.81
%
0.53
%
0.36
%
0.25
%
Geographic distribution and delinquency
The following table provides information on the geographic distribution and delinquency for retained wholesale loans.
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Total retained loans
(in millions)
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Loans by geographic distribution(a)
Total U.S.
$
159,958
$
159,499
$
128,254
$
127,638
$
258,961
$
262,499
$
547,173
$
549,636
Total non-U.S.
3,226
2,839
39,264
39,528
78,098
80,469
120,588
122,836
Total retained loans
$
163,184
$
162,338
$
167,518
$
167,166
$
337,059
$
342,968
$
667,761
$
672,472
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
162,174
$
161,314
$
165,088
$
164,899
$
334,642
$
341,128
$
661,904
$
667,341
30–89 days past due and still accruing
407
473
779
884
1,492
1,090
2,678
2,447
90 or more days past due and still accruing(b)
12
150
216
162
24
26
252
338
Criticized nonaccrual
591
401
1,435
1,221
901
724
2,927
2,346
Total retained loans
$
163,184
$
162,338
$
167,518
$
167,166
$
337,059
$
342,968
$
667,761
$
672,472
(a)The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.
(b)Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.
Nonaccrual loans
The following table provides information on retained wholesale nonaccrual loans.
(in millions)
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Total retained loans
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans
With an allowance
$
128
$
129
$
970
$
776
$
664
$
492
$
1,762
$
1,397
Without an allowance(a)
463
272
465
445
237
232
1,165
949
Totalnonaccrual loans(b)
$
591
$
401
$
1,435
$
1,221
$
901
$
724
$
2,927
$
2,346
(a)When the discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
139
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of wholesale loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
Financial effects of FDMs
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, Secured by real estate FDMs were $25 million. The FDMs were primarily in the form of other-than-insignificant payment deferrals and interest rate reductions, which included reducing the weighted-average contractual interest by 100 bps and providing payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Secured by real estate FDMs were not material.
The following tables provide information about Commercial and industrial loan modifications considered FDMs during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Commercial and industrial
Three months ended March 31, 2024
(in millions)
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension
$
382
0.23
%
Extended loans by a weighted average of 11 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral
84
0.05
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts largely recaptured at the end of the deferral period
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension
94
0.06
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted average of 20 months
Other(a)
4
—
NM
Total
$
564
Three months ended March 31, 2023 (in millions)
Commercial and industrial
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension
$
280
0.17
%
Extended loans by a weighted average of 8 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral
49
0.03
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured primarily at maturity
Multiple modifications
Term extension and principal forgiveness
44
0.03
Extended loans by a weighted average of 64 months and reduced amortized cost basis of the loans by $23 million
Total
$
373
(a)Includes a loan with multiple modifications.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, Other loan class FDMs were $20 million and $63 million, respectively and were primarily in the form of term extensions, which included extending the weighted-average life of the loans by 11 months and 4 months, respectively.
Payment status of FDMs and defaults
The following table provides information by loan class about the payment status of FDMs during the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 and the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Amortized cost basis
Twelve months ended March 31, 2024
Three months ended March 31, 2023(a)
(in millions)
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Commercial and industrial
Other
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
110
$
1,033
$
383
$
212
$
—
30-89 days past due and still accruing
7
29
12
4
—
Criticized nonaccrual
46
366
204
157
63
Total
$
163
$
1,428
$
599
$
373
$
63
(a)Secured by real estate FDMs were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
There were $77 million FDMs that defaulted in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to default, primarily in the form of term extensions in Commercial and industrial.
Total FDMs that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and were reported as FDMs on or after January 1, 2023, the date that the Firm adopted the changes to the TDR accounting guidance were not material.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, additional unfunded commitments on modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty were $577 million and $1.8 billion, respectively, in Commercial and industrial and $29 million and $4 million, respectively, in Other loan class. There were no additional commitments to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs in Secured by real estate.
140
Note 12 – Allowance for credit losses
The Firm's allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm's financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
Refer to Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the allowance for credit losses and the related accounting policies.
141
Allowance for credit losses and related information
The table below summarizes information about the allowances for credit losses and includes a breakdown of loans and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology. Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and Note 9 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the allowance for credit losses on investment securities.
2024
2023
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
1,856
$
12,450
$
8,114
$
22,420
$
2,040
$
11,200
$
6,486
$
19,726
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle(a)
NA
NA
NA
NA
(489)
(100)
2
(587)
Gross charge-offs
331
1,914
136
2,381
235
1,111
105
1,451
Gross recoveries collected
(148)
(227)
(50)
(425)
(103)
(189)
(22)
(314)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
183
1,687
86
1,956
132
922
83
1,137
Provision for loan losses
56
1,837
(6)
1,887
247
1,222
578
2,047
Other
1
—
(1)
—
—
—
4
4
Ending balance at March 31,
$
1,730
$
12,600
$
8,021
$
22,351
$
1,666
$
11,400
$
6,987
$
20,053
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
75
$
—
$
1,899
$
1,974
$
76
$
—
$
2,306
$
2,382
Provision for lending-related commitments
21
—
(81)
(60)
1
—
(14)
(13)
Other
—
—
2
2
—
—
1
1
Ending balance at March 31,
$
96
$
—
$
1,820
$
1,916
$
77
$
—
$
2,293
$
2,370
Total allowance for investment securities
NA
NA
NA
154
NA
NA
NA
90
Total allowance for credit losses(b)(c)
$
1,826
$
12,600
$
9,841
$
24,421
$
1,743
$
11,400
$
9,280
$
22,513
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific(d)
$
(873)
$
—
$
514
$
(359)
$
(1,030)
$
—
$
437
$
(593)
Portfolio-based
2,603
12,600
7,507
22,710
2,696
11,400
6,550
20,646
Total allowance for loan losses
$
1,730
$
12,600
$
8,021
$
22,351
$
1,666
$
11,400
$
6,987
$
20,053
Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific(d)
$
3,216
$
—
$
2,927
$
6,143
$
3,560
$
—
$
2,189
$
5,749
Portfolio-based
386,376
206,740
664,834
1,257,950
296,887
180,079
602,135
1,079,101
Total retained loans
$
389,592
$
206,740
$
667,761
$
1,264,093
$
300,447
$
180,079
$
604,324
$
1,084,850
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs
$
3
$
—
$
47
$
50
$
4
$
—
$
18
$
22
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell
3,260
—
1,131
4,391
3,539
—
586
4,125
Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific
$
—
$
—
$
85
$
85
$
—
$
—
$
45
$
45
Portfolio-based
96
—
1,735
1,831
77
—
2,248
2,325
Total allowance for lending-related commitments(e)
$
96
$
—
$
1,820
$
1,916
$
77
$
—
$
2,293
$
2,370
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific
$
—
$
—
$
390
$
390
$
—
$
—
$
401
$
401
Portfolio-based(f)
28,994
—
511,263
540,257
21,569
—
466,600
488,169
Total lending-related commitments
$
28,994
$
—
$
511,653
$
540,647
$
21,569
$
—
$
467,001
$
488,570
(a)Represents the impact to the allowance for loan losses upon the adoption of the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings accounting guidance. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
(b)At March 31, 2024 and 2023, in addition to the allowance for credit losses in the table above, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $274 million and $20 million, respectively, associated with certain accounts receivable in CIB. At March 31, 2023, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $241 million associated with Other assets in Corporate.
(c)As of March 31, 2024, included the allowance for credit losses associated with First Republic.
(d)Includes collateral-dependent loans, including those for which foreclosure is deemed probable, and nonaccrual risk-rated loans.
(e)The allowance for lending-related commitments is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(f)At March 31, 2024 and 2023, lending-related commitments excluded $17.7 billion and $16.0 billion, respectively, for the consumer, excluding credit card portfolio segment; $943.9 billion and $861.2 billion, respectively, for the credit card portfolio segment; and $20.9 billion and $17.5 billion, respectively, for the wholesale portfolio segment, which were not subject to the allowance for lending-related commitments.
142
Discussion of changes in the allowance
The allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2024 was relatively flat when compared to December 31, 2023, reflecting:
•a net reduction of $142 million in wholesale, which included a net addition associated with net downgrade activity, largely in Real Estate, primarily in CB, which was more than offset by the net impact of changes in the loan and lending-related commitment portfolios, as well as updates to certain macroeconomic variables, and
•a net addition of $44 million in consumer, consisting of:
–$153 million in Card Services, primarily due to seasoning of newer vintages, largely offset by reduced borrower uncertainty,
predominantly offset by:
–a $125 million net reduction in Home Lending, primarily driven by improvements in the outlook for home prices.
The Firm has maintained the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023 to reflect downside risks as a result of persistent inflation and tightening financial conditions.
The Firm's allowance for credit losses is estimated using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios. The adverse scenarios incorporate more punitive macroeconomic factors than the central case assumptions provided in the table below, resulting in a weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking at 5.4% in the first quarter of 2025, and a weighted average U.S. real GDP level that is 1.7% lower than the central case at the end of the second quarter of 2025.
The following table presents the Firm’s central case assumptions for the periods presented:
Central case assumptions at March 31, 2024
2Q24
4Q24
2Q25
U.S. unemployment rate(a)
3.9
%
4.2
%
4.1
%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)
2.6
%
0.9
%
1.2
%
Central case assumptions at December 31, 2023
2Q24
4Q24
2Q25
U.S. unemployment rate(a)
4.1
%
4.4
%
4.1
%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)
1.8
%
0.7
%
1.0
%
(a)Reflects quarterly average of forecasted U.S. unemployment rate.
(b)The year over year growth in U.S. real GDP in the forecast horizon of the central scenario is calculated as the percentage change in U.S. real GDP levels from the prior year.
Subsequent changes to this forecast and related estimates will be reflected in the provision for credit losses in future periods.
Refer to Note 13 and Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a description of the policies, methodologies and judgments used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses on loans, lending-related commitments, and investment securities.
Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 54-57, Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 58-66 and Note 11 for additional information on the consumer and wholesale credit portfolios.
Refer to Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 78-80 for further information on the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments.
143
Note 13 – Variable interest entities
Refer to Note 1 and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further description of the Firm's accounting policies regarding consolidation of and involvement with VIEs.
The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment. The Firm considers a “Firm-sponsored” VIE to include any entity where: (1) JPMorgan Chase is the primary beneficiary of the structure; (2) the VIE is used by JPMorgan Chase to securitize Firm assets; (3) the VIE issues financial instruments with the JPMorgan Chase name; or (4) the entity is a JPMorgan Chase–administered asset-backed commercial paper conduit.
Line of Business
Transaction Type
Activity
Form 10-Q page references
CCB
Credit card securitization trusts
Securitization of originated credit card receivables
144
Mortgage securitization trusts
Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages
144–146
CIB
Mortgage and other securitization trusts
Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and other consumer loans
144–146
Multi-seller conduits
Assisting clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structuring transactions to meet investor needs
146
Municipal bond vehicles
Financing of municipal bond investments
146
In addition, CIB also invests in and provides financing and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties. Refer to pages 147–148 of this Note for more information on the VIEs sponsored by third parties.
Significant Firm-sponsored VIEs
Credit card securitizations
As a result of the Firm’s continuing involvement, the Firm is considered to be the primary beneficiary of its Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trust, the Chase Issuance Trust.
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts
The Firm securitizes (or has securitized) originated and purchased residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans primarily in its CCB and CIB businesses. Depending on the particular transaction, as well as the respective business involved, the Firm may act as the servicer of the loans and/or retain certain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts.
144
The following tables present the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans, holding senior interests or subordinated interests (including amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules), recourse or guarantee arrangements,
and derivative contracts. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. The Firm’s maximum loss exposure from retained and purchased interests is the carrying value of these interests. Refer to page 150 of this Note for information on the securitization-related loan delinquencies and liquidation losses.
Principal amount outstanding
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Total assets held by securitization VIEs
Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
Trading assets
Investment securities
Other financial assets
Total interests held by JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
$
61,900
$
665
$
41,639
$
547
$
1,900
$
83
$
2,530
Subprime
8,999
—
1,600
20
23
—
43
Commercial and other(b)
167,405
—
116,054
520
5,607
1,398
7,525
Total
$
238,304
$
665
$
159,293
$
1,087
$
7,530
$
1,481
$
10,098
Principal amount outstanding
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Total assets held by securitization VIEs
Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
Trading assets
Investment securities
Other financial assets
Total interests held by JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
$
58,570
$
675
$
39,319
$
595
$
1,981
$
60
$
2,636
Subprime
8,881
—
1,312
3
—
—
3
Commercial and other(b)
168,042
—
120,262
831
5,638
1,354
7,823
Total
$
235,493
$
675
$
160,893
$
1,429
$
7,619
$
1,414
$
10,462
(a)Excludes U.S. GSEs and government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored.
(b)Consists of securities backed by commercial real estate loans and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables.
(c)Excludes the following: retained servicing; securities retained from loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities; senior securities of $134 million and $52 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and subordinated securities which were $119 million and $38 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.
(d)Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.
(e)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 77% of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are predominantly carried at fair value and include amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $2.4 billion and $2.5 billion of investment-grade retained interests at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and $115 million and $88 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The retained interests in commercial and other securitization trusts consisted of $5.8 billion and $6.1 billion of investment-grade retained interests at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and $1.7 billion of noninvestment-grade retained interests at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
145
Residential mortgage
The Firm securitizes residential mortgage loans originated by CCB, as well as residential mortgage loans purchased from third parties by either CCB or CIB.
Commercial mortgages and other consumer securitizations
CIB originates and securitizes commercial mortgage loans, and engages in underwriting and trading activities involving the securities issued by securitization trusts.
Re-securitizations
The following table presents the principal amount of securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Transfers of securities to VIEs
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
$
8,406
$
3,406
The Firm did not transfer any private label securities to re-securitization VIEs during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively and retained interests in any such Firm-sponsored VIEs as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were not material.
The following table presents information on the Firm's interests in nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.
Nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Interest in VIEs
$
2,877
$
3,371
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm did not consolidate any U.S. GSE and government agency re-securitization VIEs or any Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitization VIEs.
Multi-seller conduits
In the normal course of business, JPMorgan Chase makes markets in and invests in commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The Firm held $4.6 billion and $9.8 billion of the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm’s investments reflect the Firm’s funding needs and capacity and were not driven by market illiquidity. Other than the amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, the Firm is not obligated under any agreement to purchase the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits.
Deal-specific liquidity facilities, program-wide liquidity and credit enhancement provided by the Firm have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm or the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits provide lending-related commitments to certain clients of the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The unfunded commitments were $11.2 billion and $10.8 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are reported as off-balance sheet lending-related commitments in other unfunded commitments to extend credit. Refer to Note 22 for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
Municipal bond vehicles
Municipal bond vehicles or tender option bond (“TOB”) trusts allow institutions to finance their municipal bond investments at short-term rates. TOB transactions are known as customer TOB trusts and non-customer TOB trusts. Customer TOB trusts are sponsored by a third party.
The Firm serves as sponsor for all non-customer TOB transactions.
146
Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Assets
Liabilities
March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Trading assets
Loans
Other(c)
Total
assets(d)
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$
—
$
12,994
$
169
$
13,163
$
5,323
$
10
$
5,333
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits
1
24,800
180
24,981
20,366
28
20,394
Municipal bond vehicles
2,075
—
29
2,104
2,264
12
2,276
Mortgage securitization entities(a)
—
681
7
688
122
56
178
Other
153
1,584
(b)
263
2,000
—
176
176
Total
$
2,229
$
40,059
$
648
$
42,936
$
28,075
$
282
$
28,357
Assets
Liabilities
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Trading assets
Loans
Other(c)
Total
assets(d)
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$
—
$
9,460
$
117
$
9,577
$
2,998
$
6
$
3,004
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits
1
27,372
194
27,567
17,781
30
17,811
Municipal bond vehicles
2,056
—
22
2,078
2,116
11
2,127
Mortgage securitization entities(a)
—
693
8
701
125
57
182
Other
113
86
250
449
—
159
159
Total
$
2,170
$
37,611
$
591
$
40,372
$
23,020
$
263
$
23,283
(a)Includes residential mortgage securitizations.
(b)Primarily includes consumer loans in CIB.
(c)Includes assets classified as cash and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The assets and liabilities include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.
(e)The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified on the Consolidated balance sheets as “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs”. The holders of these beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $5.4 billion and $3.1 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(f)Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
VIEs sponsored by third parties
The Firm enters into transactions with VIEs structured by other parties. These include, for example, acting as a derivative counterparty, liquidity provider, investor, underwriter, placement agent, remarketing agent, trustee or custodian. These transactions are conducted at arm’s-length, and individual credit decisions are based on the analysis of the specific VIE, taking into consideration the quality of the underlying assets. Where the Firm does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, or a variable interest that could potentially be significant, the Firm generally does not consolidate the VIE, but it records and reports these positions on its Consolidated balance sheets in the same manner it would record and report positions in respect of any other third-party transaction.
Tax credit vehicles
The Firm holds investments in unconsolidated tax credit vehicles, which are limited partnerships and similar entities that own and operate affordable housing, alternative energy, and other projects. These entities are primarily considered VIEs. A third party is typically the general
partner or managing member and has control over the significant activities of the tax credit vehicles, and accordingly the Firm does not consolidate tax credit vehicles. The Firm generally invests in these partnerships as a limited partner and earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits allocated to the projects. The maximum loss exposure, represented by equity investments and funding commitments, was $33.1 billion and $35.1 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, of which $14.3 billion and $14.7 billion was unfunded at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Firm assesses each project and to reduce the risk of loss, may withhold varying amounts of its capital investment until the project qualifies for tax credits. Refer to Note 25 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on affordable housing tax credits and Note 22 of this Form 10-Q for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
Effective January 1, 2024, the Firm adopted updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method guidance which expanded the types of tax-oriented investments, beyond
147
affordable housing tax credit investments, that the Firm can elect on a program by program basis, to be accounted for using the proportional amortization method. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
The proportional amortization method requires the cost of eligible investments, within an elected program, be amortized in proportion to the tax benefits received with the resulting amortization reported directly in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Investments must meet certain criteria to be eligible, including that substantially all of the return is from income tax credits and other income tax benefits.
In addition, under this method deferred taxes are generally not recorded as the investment is now amortized in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received. Delayed equity contributions that are unconditional and legally binding or conditional and probable of occurring are recorded in other liabilities with a corresponding increase in the carrying value of the investment. The guidance also requires a reevaluation of eligible investments when significant modifications or events occur that result in a change in the nature of the investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project. During the period, there were no significant modifications or events that resulted in a change in the nature of an eligible investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project.
The following table provides information on tax-oriented investments for which the Firm elected to apply the proportional amortization method.
As of or for the three months ended,
(in millions)
Alternative energy and affordable housing programs
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023(d)
Programs for which the Firm elected proportional amortization:
Carrying value(a)
$
29,821
$
14,644
Tax credits and other tax benefits(b)
1,266
566
Investments that qualify to be accounted for using proportional amortization:
Amortization gains/(losses) recognized as a component of income tax expense
(1,016)
(399)
Non-income-tax-related gains/(losses) and other returns received that are recognized outside of income tax expense(c)
48
—
(a)Recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets. Excludes programs to which the Firm does not apply the proportional amortization method, such as historic tax credit and new market tax credit programs.
(b)Reflected in Income tax expense on the Consolidated statements of income and Investing activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.
(c)Recorded in Other income on the Consolidated statements of income and Investing activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.
(d)As of December 31, 2023, represents eligible affordable housing investments. Refer to Note 25 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on affordable housing tax credits.
Customer municipal bond vehicles (TOB trusts)
The Firm may provide various services to customer TOB trusts, including remarketing agent, liquidity or tender option provider. In certain customer TOB transactions, the Firm, as liquidity provider, has entered into a reimbursement agreement with the Residual holder.
In those transactions, upon the termination of the vehicle, the Firm has recourse to the third-party Residual holders for any shortfall. The Firm does not have any intent to protect Residual holders from potential losses on any of the underlying municipal bonds. The Firm does not consolidate customer TOB trusts, since the Firm does not have the power to make decisions that significantly impact the economic performance of the municipal bond vehicle.
The Firm’s maximum exposure as a liquidity provider to customer TOB trusts at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $5.2 billion and $5.1 billion, respectively. The fair value of assets held by such VIEs at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $7.3 billion.
148
Loan securitizations
The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgages, credit card receivables, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans.
Securitization activity
The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, related to assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved at the time of the securitization.
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
(in millions)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Principal securitized
$
4,922
$
2,358
$
1,073
$
—
All cash flows during the period:(a)
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments(b)(c)
$
4,831
$
2,324
$
1,030
$
—
Servicing fees collected
6
3
6
—
Cash flows received on interests
70
130
74
87
(a)Excludes re-securitization transactions.
(b)Predominantly includes Level 2 assets.
(c)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.
(d)Represents prime mortgages. Excludes loan securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.
(e)Includes commercial mortgage and auto loans.
Loans and excess MSRs sold to U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines
In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans and certain originated excess MSRs on a nonrecourse basis, predominantly to U.S. GSEs. These loans and excess MSRs are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the U.S. GSEs, who provide certain guarantee provisions (e.g., credit enhancement of the loans). The Firm also sells loans into securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by another U.S. government agency. The Firm does not consolidate the securitization vehicles underlying these transactions as it is not the primary beneficiary. For a limited number of loan sales, the Firm is obligated to share a portion of the credit risk associated with the sold loans with the purchaser. Refer to Note 22 of this Form 10-Q for additional information about the Firm’s loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications and Note 14 for additional information about the impact of the Firm’s sale of certain excess MSRs.
The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Carrying value of loans sold
$
4,536
$
2,698
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash
306
7
Proceeds from loan sales as securities(a)(b)
4,192
2,662
Total proceeds received from loan sales(c)
$
4,498
$
2,669
Gains/(losses) on loan sales(d)(e)
$
—
$
—
(a)Includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt or retained as part of the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.
(b)Included in level 2 assets.
(c)Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.
(d)Gains/(losses) on loan sales include the value of MSRs.
(e)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.
149
Options to repurchase delinquent loans
In addition to the Firm’s obligation to repurchase certain loans due to material breaches of representations and warranties as discussed in Note 22, the Firm also has the option to repurchase delinquent loans that it services for Ginnie Mae loan pools, as well as for other U.S. government agencies under certain arrangements. The Firm typically elects to repurchase delinquent loans from Ginnie Mae loan pools as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with the applicable requirements, and such loans continue to be insured or guaranteed. When the Firm’s repurchase option becomes exercisable, such loans must be reported on the Consolidated balance sheets as a loan with a corresponding liability. Refer to Note 11 for additional information.
The following table presents loans the Firm repurchased or had an option to repurchase, real estate owned, and foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans recognized on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Substantially all of these loans and real estate are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.
(a)Predominantly all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.
(b)Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.
Loan delinquencies and liquidation losses
The table below includes information about components of and delinquencies related to nonconsolidated securitized financial assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, in which the Firm has continuing involvement as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. For loans sold or securitized where servicing is the Firm’s only form of continuing involvement, the Firm generally experience a loss only if the Firm was required to repurchase a delinquent loan or foreclosed asset due to a breach in representations and warranties associated with its loan sale or servicing contracts.
Net liquidation losses/(recoveries)
Securitized assets
90 days past due
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
2024
2023
Securitized loans
Residential mortgage:
Prime / Alt-A & option ARMs
$
41,639
$
39,319
$
470
$
440
$
2
$
7
Subprime
1,600
1,312
130
131
1
2
Commercial and other
116,054
120,262
2,495
2,874
6
19
Total loans securitized
$
159,293
$
160,893
$
3,095
$
3,445
$
9
$
28
150
Note14 – Goodwill, mortgage servicing rights, and other intangible assets
Refer to Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the accounting policies related to goodwill, mortgage servicing rights, and other intangible assets.
Goodwill
Goodwill is recorded upon completion of a business combination as the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the net assets acquired, and can be adjusted up to one year from the acquisition date as additional information pertaining to facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date is obtained about the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
The following table presents goodwill attributed to the reportable business segments and Corporate.
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Consumer & Community Banking
$
32,116
$
32,116
Corporate & Investment Bank
8,291
8,266
Commercial Banking
2,985
2,985
Asset & Wealth Management
8,565
8,582
Corporate
679
685
Total goodwill
$
52,636
$
52,634
The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Balance at beginning of period
$
52,634
$
51,662
Changes during the period from:
Business combinations(a)
34
451
Other(b)
(32)
31
Balance at March 31,
$
52,636
$
52,144
(a)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, represents estimated goodwill associated with the acquisition of LayerOne Financial in CIB. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, represents estimated goodwill in AWM, as a result of the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in CIFM.
(b)Primarily foreign currency adjustments.
Goodwill impairment testing
Goodwill is tested for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that there may be an impairment. Refer to Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s goodwill impairment testing.
Unanticipated declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, adverse regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated market cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.
As of March 31, 2024, the Firm reviewed current economic conditions, estimated market cost of equity, as well as actual business results and projections of business performance. Based on such reviews, the Firm has concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of March 31, 2024, or December 31, 2023, nor was goodwill written off due to impairment during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.
151
Mortgage servicing rights
MSRs represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future servicing fees and ancillary revenue, offset by estimated costs to service the loans, and generally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual servicing and ancillary fee income. MSRs are either purchased from third parties or recognized upon sale or securitization of mortgage loans if servicing is retained. Refer to Notes 2 and 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further description of the MSR asset, interest rate risk management, and the valuation of MSRs.
The following table summarizes MSR activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
As of or for the three months ended March 31,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2024
2023
Fair value at beginning of period
$
8,522
$
7,973
MSR activity:
Originations of MSRs
58
32
Purchase of MSRs(a)
2
(1)
Disposition of MSRs
5
2
Net additions/(dispositions)
65
33
Changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
(260)
(240)
Changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions:
Changes due to market interest rates and other(b)
268
(22)
Changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions:
Projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service)
7
—
Discount rates
—
—
Prepayment model changes and other(c)
3
11
Total changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions
10
11
Total changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions
278
(11)
Fair value at March 31,
$
8,605
$
7,755
Changes in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at March 31,
$
278
$
(11)
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income
399
388
Third-party mortgage loans serviced at March 31, (in billions)
627
577
Servicer advances, net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts, at March 31(d)
607
671
(a)Includes purchase price adjustments associated with MSRs purchased in the prior quarter, primarily as a result of loans that prepaid within 90 days of settlement, allowing the Firm to recover the purchase price.
(b)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(c)Represents changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates.
(d)Represents amounts the Firm pays as the servicer (e.g., scheduled principal and interest, taxes and insurance), which will generally be reimbursed within a short period of time after the advance from future cash flows from the trust or the underlying loans. The Firm’s credit risk associated with these servicer advances is minimal because reimbursement of the advances is typically senior to all cash payments to investors. In addition, the Firm maintains the right to stop payment to investors if the collateral is insufficient to cover the advance. However, certain of these servicer advances may not be recoverable if they were not made in accordance with applicable rules and agreements.
152
The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
CCB mortgage fees and related income
Production revenue
$
130
$
75
Net mortgage servicing revenue:
Operating revenue:
Loan servicing revenue
405
400
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
(260)
(240)
Total operating revenue
145
160
Risk management:
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to market interest rates and other(a)
268
(22)
Other changes in MSR asset fair value due to other inputs and assumptions in model(b)
10
11
Changes in derivative fair value and other
(279)
(1)
Total risk management
(1)
(12)
Total net mortgage servicing revenue
144
148
Total CCB mortgage fees and related income
274
223
All other
1
(2)
Mortgage fees and related income
$
275
$
221
(a)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(b)Represents the aggregate impact of changes in model inputs and assumptions such as projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service), discount rates and changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates (e.g., changes in prepayments due to changes in home prices).
Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be easily extrapolated, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value are often highly interrelated and may not be linear. In the following table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which would either magnify or counteract the impact of the initial change.
The table below outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm’s MSRs at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and outlines the sensitivities of those fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions, as defined below.
Impact on fair value of a 100 basis point adverse change
$
(370)
$
(369)
Impact on fair value of a 200 basis point adverse change
(712)
(709)
(a)Includes the impact of operational risk and regulatory capital.
153
Other intangible assets
The Firm’s finite-lived and indefinite-lived other intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair value primarily upon completion of a business combination. Finite-lived intangible assets, including core deposit intangibles, customer relationship intangibles, and certain other intangible assets, are amortized over their useful lives, estimated based on the expected future economic benefits. The Firm’s intangible assets with indefinite lives, such as asset management contracts, are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, other intangible assets consisted of finite-lived intangible assets of $1.9 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, as well as indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are not subject to amortization, of $1.2 billion for both periods.
154
Note 15 – Deposits
Refer to Note 17 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on deposits.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows:
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $77,571and $75,393 at fair value)(a)
$
657,651
$
643,748
Interest-bearing (included $563and $573 at fair value)(a)
1,311,857
1,303,100
Total deposits in U.S. offices
1,969,508
1,946,848
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $1,991and $1,737 at fair value)(a)
24,109
23,097
Interest-bearing (included $453 and $681 at fair value)(a)
434,792
430,743
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices
458,901
453,840
Total deposits
$
2,428,409
$
2,400,688
(a)Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion.
As of March 31, 2024, the remaining maturities of interest-bearing time deposits in each of the 12-month periods ending March 31 were as follows:
March 31, (in millions)
U.S.
Non-U.S.
Total
2025
$
214,783
$
86,559
$
301,342
2026
931
52
983
2027
234
18
252
2028
157
38
195
2029
367
780
1,147
After 5 years
214
55
269
Total
$
216,686
$
87,502
$
304,188
Note 16 – Leases
Refer to Note 18 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion on leases.
Firm as lessee
At March 31, 2024, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries were obligated under a number of noncancellable leases, predominantly operating leases for premises and equipment used primarily for business purposes.
Operating lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term.
The carrying values of the Firm’s operating leases were as follows:
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Right-of-use assets
$
8,389
$
8,431
Lease liabilities
8,763
8,833
The Firm’s net rental expense was $541 million and $487 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Firm as lessor
The Firm’s lease financings are predominantly auto operating leases, and are included in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
The following table presents the Firm’s operating lease income, included within other income, and the related depreciation expense, included within technology, communications and equipment expense, on the Consolidated statements of income.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Operating lease income
$
672
$
755
Depreciation expense
435
419
155
Note 17 – Preferred stock
Refer to Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion on preferred stock.
The following is a summary of JPMorgan Chase’s non-cumulative preferred stock outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the quarterly dividend declarations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Shares(a)
Carrying value
(in millions)
Contractual rate in effect at March 31, 2024
Earliest redemption date(b)
Floating annualized rate(c)
Dividend declared
per share
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Issue date
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Fixed-rate:
Series DD
169,625
169,625
$
1,696
$
1,696
9/21/2018
5.750
%
12/1/2023
NA
$
143.75
$
143.75
Series EE
185,000
185,000
1,850
1,850
1/24/2019
6.000
3/1/2024
NA
150.00
150.00
Series GG
90,000
90,000
900
900
11/7/2019
4.750
12/1/2024
NA
118.75
118.75
Series JJ
150,000
150,000
1,500
1,500
3/17/2021
4.550
6/1/2026
NA
113.75
113.75
Series LL
185,000
185,000
1,850
1,850
5/20/2021
4.625
6/1/2026
NA
115.63
115.63
Series MM
200,000
200,000
2,000
2,000
7/29/2021
4.200
9/1/2026
NA
105.00
105.00
Fixed-to-floating rate:
Series Q
150,000
150,000
1,500
1,500
4/23/2013
SOFR + 3.25
5/1/2023
SOFR + 3.25
220.45
128.75
(d)
Series R
150,000
150,000
1,500
1,500
7/29/2013
SOFR + 3.30
8/1/2023
SOFR + 3.30
221.70
150.00
(e)
Series S
200,000
200,000
2,000
2,000
1/22/2014
SOFR + 3.78
2/1/2024
SOFR + 3.78
233.70
168.75
(f)
Series U
100,000
100,000
1,000
1,000
3/10/2014
6.125
4/30/2024
SOFR + 3.33
153.13
153.13
Series X
160,000
160,000
1,600
1,600
9/23/2014
6.100
10/1/2024
SOFR + 3.33
152.50
152.50
Series CC
125,750
125,750
1,258
1,258
10/20/2017
SOFR + 2.58
11/1/2022
SOFR + 2.58
203.70
182.79
Series FF
225,000
225,000
2,250
2,250
7/31/2019
5.000
8/1/2024
SOFR + 3.38
125.00
125.00
Series HH
300,000
300,000
3,000
3,000
1/23/2020
4.600
2/1/2025
SOFR + 3.125
115.00
115.00
Series II
150,000
150,000
1,500
1,500
2/24/2020
4.000
4/1/2025
SOFR + 2.745
100.00
100.00
Series KK
200,000
200,000
2,000
2,000
5/12/2021
3.650
6/1/2026
CMT + 2.85
91.25
91.25
Series NN
250,000
NA
2,496
NA
3/12/2024
6.875
6/1/2029
CMT + 2.737
—
NA
(g)
Total preferred stock
2,990,375
2,740,375
$
29,900
$
27,404
(a)Represented by depositary shares.
(b)Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock converts to a floating rate at the earliest redemption date.
(c)Effective June 30, 2023, CME Term SOFR became the replacement reference rate for fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock issued by the Firm that formerly referenced U.S. dollar LIBOR. References in the table to “SOFR” mean a floating annualized rate equal to three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spreads noted. The reference to “CMT” means a floating annualized rate equal to the five-year Constant Maturity Treasury (“CMT”) rate plus the spread noted.
(d)The dividend rate for Series Q preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on May 1, 2023; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 5.15% or $257.50 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing on August 1, 2023 is three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 3.25%.
(e)The dividend rate for Series R preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on August 1, 2023; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 6.00% or $300.00 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing on August 1, 2023 is three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 3.30%.
(f)The dividend rate for Series S preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on February 1, 2024; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 6.75% or $337.50 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing on February 1, 2024 is three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 3.78%.
(g)As of March 31, 2024, no dividends had been declared on the Series NN preferred stock since the original issue date of March 12, 2024.
Each series of preferred stock has a liquidation value and redemption price per share of $10,000, plus accrued but unpaid dividends. The aggregate liquidation value was $30.2 billion at March 31, 2024.
On March 12, 2024, the Firm issued $2.5 billion of fixed-rate reset non-cumulative preferred stock, Series NN.
Redemptions
On May 1, 2024, the Firm redeemed all $5.0 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series Q, Series R and Series S.
On April 30, 2024, the Firm redeemed all $1.0 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series U.
156
Note 18 – Earnings per share
Refer to Note 23 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”). The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Three months ended March 31,
2024
2023
Basic earnings per share
Net income
$
13,419
$
12,622
Less: Preferred stock dividends
397
356
Net income applicable to common equity
13,022
12,266
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
80
73
Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
12,942
$
12,193
Total weighted-average basic shares
outstanding
2,908.3
2,968.5
Net income per share
$
4.45
$
4.11
Diluted earnings per share
Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
12,942
$
12,193
Total weighted-average basic shares
outstanding
2,908.3
2,968.5
Add: Dilutive impact of unvested PSUs, nondividend-earning RSUs and SARs
4.5
4.2
Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding
2,912.8
2,972.7
Net income per share
$
4.44
$
4.10
157
Note 19 – Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
AOCI includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, foreign currency translation adjustments (including the impact of related derivatives), fair value changes of excluded components on fair value hedges, cash flow hedging activities, net gain/(loss) related to the Firm’s defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, and fair value option-elected liabilities arising from changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (DVA).
As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (in millions)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at January 1, 2024
$
(3,743)
$
(1,216)
$
(134)
$
(3,932)
$
(1,078)
$
(340)
$
(10,443)
Net change
141
(204)
(21)
(889)
26
(249)
(1,196)
Balance at March 31, 2024
$
(3,602)
(a)
$
(1,420)
$
(155)
$
(4,821)
$
(1,052)
$
(589)
$
(11,639)
As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in millions)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at January 1, 2023
$
(9,124)
$
(1,545)
$
(33)
$
(5,656)
$
(1,451)
$
468
$
(17,341)
Net change
2,212
197
(21)
798
(55)
(208)
2,923
Balance at March 31, 2023
$
(6,912)
(a)
$
(1,348)
$
(54)
$
(4,858)
$
(1,506)
$
260
$
(14,418)
(a)As of March 31, 2024 and 2023 included after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) of $(824) million and $(1.3) billion related to AFS securities that have been transferred to HTM, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 included after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) of $(29) million related to HTM securities that have been transferred to AFS as permitted by the new hedge accounting guidance adopted on January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 9 for further information.
The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of OCI.
2024
2023
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)
Pre-tax
Tax effect
After-tax
Pre-tax
Tax effect
After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
$
(181)
$
44
$
(137)
$
2,042
$
(490)
$
1,552
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(a)
366
(88)
278
868
(208)
660
Net change
185
(44)
141
2,910
(698)
2,212
Translation adjustments(b):
Translation
(1,365)
68
(1,297)
973
(41)
932
Hedges
1,442
(349)
1,093
(963)
228
(735)
Net change
77
(281)
(204)
10
187
197
Fair value hedges, net change(c)
(27)
6
(21)
(28)
7
(21)
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
(1,762)
426
(1,336)
567
(136)
431
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(d)
589
(142)
447
483
(116)
367
Net change
(1,173)
284
(889)
1,050
(252)
798
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, net change
36
(10)
26
(71)
16
(55)
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change
(327)
78
(249)
(274)
66
(208)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
$
(1,229)
$
33
$
(1,196)
$
3,597
$
(674)
$
2,923
(a)The pre-tax amount is reported in Investment securities gains/(losses) in the Consolidated statements of income.
(b)Reclassifications of pre-tax realized gains/(losses) on translation adjustments and related hedges are reported in other income/expense in the Consolidated statements of income. There were no sales or liquidations of legal entities that resulted in reclassifications for the three month period endedMarch 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Firm reclassified a net pre-tax loss of $(5) million to other revenue related to the acquisition of CIFM of which $(41) million related to the net investment hedge loss.
(c)Represents changes in fair value of cross-currency swaps attributable to changes in cross-currency basis spreads, which are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recorded in other comprehensive income. The initial cost of cross-currency basis spreads is recognized in earnings as part of the accrual of interest on the cross-currency swaps.
(d)The pre-tax amounts are primarily recorded in noninterest revenue, net interest income and compensation expense in the Consolidated statements of income.
158
Note 20 – Restricted cash and other restricted
assets
Refer to Note 26 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Firm’s restricted cash and other restricted assets.
Certain of the Firm’s cash and other assets are restricted as to withdrawal or usage. These restrictions are imposed by various regulatory authorities based on the particular activities of the Firm’s subsidiaries.
The Firm is also subject to rules and regulations established by other U.S. and non-U.S. regulators. As part of its compliance with the respective regulatory requirements, the Firm’s broker-dealer activities are subject to certain restrictions on cash and other assets.
The following table presents the components of the Firm’s restricted cash:
(in billions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Segregated for the benefit of securities and cleared derivative customers
$
11.8
$
10.3
Cash reserves at non-U.S. central banks and held for other general purposes
8.6
9.3
Total restricted cash(a)
$
20.4
$
19.6
(a)Comprises $19.3 billion and $18.2 billion in deposits with banks, and $1.1 billion and $1.4 billion in cash and due from banks on the Consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Also, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm had the following other restricted assets:
•Cash and securities pledged with clearing organizations for the benefit of customers of $38.1 billion and $40.5 billion, respectively.
•Securities with a fair value of $13.7 billion and $20.5 billion, respectively, were also restricted in relation to customer activity.
159
Note 21 – Regulatory capital
Refer to Note 27 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion on regulatory capital.
The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards, for the Firm as a consolidated financial holding company. The OCC establishes similar minimum capital requirements and standards for the Firm’s principal insured depository institution ("IDI") subsidiary, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Under the risk-based capital and leverage-based guidelines of the Federal Reserve, JPMorgan Chase is required to maintain minimum ratios for CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, Total capital, Tier 1 leverage and the SLR. Failure to meet these minimum requirements could cause the Federal Reserve to take action. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is also subject to these capital requirements established by its primary regulators.
The following table presents the risk-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were subject as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Standardized capital ratio requirements
Advanced capital ratio requirements
Well-capitalized ratios
BHC(a)(b)
IDI(c)
BHC(a)(b)
IDI(c)
BHC(d)
IDI(e)
Risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital
11.9
%
7.0
%
11.5
%
7.0
%
NA
6.5
%
Tier 1 capital
13.4
8.5
13.0
8.5
6.0
%
8.0
Total capital
15.4
10.5
15.0
10.5
10.0
10.0
Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. are subject.
(a)Represents the regulatory capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements each include a respective minimum requirement plus a GSIB surcharge of 4.5% as calculated under Method 2; plus a 2.9% SCB for Basel III Standardized ratios and a fixed 2.5% capital conservation buffer for Basel III Advanced ratios. The countercyclical buffer is currently set to 0% by the federal banking agencies.
(b)For the period ended December 31, 2023, the CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements under Basel III Standardized applicable to the Firm were 11.4%, 12.9%, and 14.9%, respectively; the Basel III Advanced CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were 11.0%, 12.5%, and 14.5%, respectively.
(c)Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements include a fixed capital conservation buffer requirement of 2.5% that is applicable to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is not subject to the GSIB surcharge.
(d)Represents requirements for bank holding companies pursuant to regulations issued by the Federal Reserve.
(e)Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act.
The following table presents the leverage-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were subject as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Capital ratio requirements(a)
Well-capitalized ratios
BHC
IDI
BHC(b)
IDI
Leverage-based capital ratios
Tier 1 leverage
4.0
%
4.0
%
NA
5.0
%
SLR
5.0
6.0
NA
6.0
Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. are subject.
(a)Represents minimum SLR requirement of 3.0%, as well as supplementary leverage buffer requirements of 2.0% and 3.0% for BHC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., respectively.
(b)The Federal Reserve's regulations do not establish well-capitalized thresholds for these measures for BHCs.
CECL Regulatory Capital Transition
Beginning January 1, 2022, the $2.9 billion CECL capital benefit, provided by the Federal Reserve in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is being phased out at 25% per year over a three-year period. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm's CET1 capital reflected the remaining benefit of $720 million and $1.4 billion, respectively, associated with the CECL capital transition provisions.
Similarly, as of January 1, 2024, the Firm has phased out 75% of the other CECL capital transition provisions which impacted Tier 2 capital, adjusted average assets, total leverage exposure and RWA, as applicable.
Refer to Note 27 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on CECL capital transition provisions.
160
The following tables present risk-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced approaches and leverage-based capital metrics for JPMorgan Chase and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, JPMorgan Chase and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were well-capitalized and met all capital requirements to which each was subject.
March 31, 2024 (in millions, except ratios)
Basel III Standardized
Basel III Advanced
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics:(a)
CET1 capital
$
257,569
$
268,040
$
257,569
$
268,040
Tier 1 capital
280,771
(b)
268,043
280,771
(b)
268,043
Total capital
312,149
(b)
287,922
298,766
(b)(c)
274,549
(c)
Risk-weighted assets
1,712,081
1,673,297
1,681,317
(c)
1,540,501
(c)
CET1 capital ratio
15.0
%
16.0
%
15.3
%
17.4
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
16.4
16.0
16.7
17.4
Total capital ratio
18.2
17.2
17.8
17.8
December 31, 2023 (in millions, except ratios)
Basel III Standardized
Basel III Advanced
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics:(a)
CET1 capital
$
250,585
$
262,030
$
250,585
$
262,030
Tier 1 capital
277,306
262,032
277,306
262,032
Total capital
308,497
281,308
295,417
(c)
268,392
(c)
Risk-weighted assets
1,671,995
1,621,789
1,669,156
(c)
1,526,952
(c)
CET1 capital ratio
15.0
%
16.2
%
15.0
%
17.2
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
16.6
16.2
16.6
17.2
Total capital ratio
18.5
17.3
17.7
17.6
(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)As of March 31, 2024, for capital purposes, excluded $6.0 billion of preferred stock for which notices of redemption were issued during the first quarter and which were redeemed in the second quarter. Refer to Note 17 for additional information.
(c)Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
Three months ended (in millions, except ratios)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Leverage-based capital metrics:(a)
Adjusted average assets(b)
$
3,913,677
$
3,372,219
$
3,831,200
$
3,337,842
Tier 1 leverage ratio
7.2
%
7.9
%
7.2
%
7.9
%
Total leverage exposure
$
4,634,634
$
4,088,591
$
4,540,465
$
4,038,739
SLR
6.1
%
6.6
%
6.1
%
6.5
%
(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratios, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, and other intangible assets.
161
Note 22 – Off–balance sheet lending-related
financial instruments, guarantees, and other
commitments
JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to address the financing needs of its customers and clients. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the customer or client draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the customer or client subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees have historically been refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expired without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of lending-related commitments and guarantees, and the Firm’s related accounting policies.
To provide for expectedcredit losses in wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments, an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is maintained. Refer to Note 12 for further information regarding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments.
The following table summarizes the contractual amounts and carrying values of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The amounts in the table below for credit card, home equity and certain scored business banking lending-related commitments represent the total available credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these products will be utilized at the same time. The Firm can reduce or cancel credit card and certain scored business banking lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. In addition, the Firm typically closes credit card lines when the borrower is 60 days or more past due. The Firm may reduce or close HELOCs when there are significant decreases in the value of the underlying property, or when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower.
162
Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments
Contractual amount
Carrying value(h)(i)
March 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Mar 31, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
By remaining maturity (in millions)
Expires in 1 year or less
Expires after 1 year through 3 years
Expires after 3 years through 5 years
Expires after 5 years
Total
Total
Lending-related
Consumer, excluding credit card:
Residential Real Estate(a)
$
9,161
$
7,387
$
6,048
$
9,315
$
31,911
$
30,125
$
674
(j)
$
678
(j)
Auto and other
11,416
134
—
3,199
14,749
15,278
104
(j)
148
(j)
Total consumer, excluding credit card
20,577
7,521
6,048
12,514
46,660
45,403
778
826
Credit card(b)
943,935
—
—
—
943,935
915,658
—
—
Total consumer(c)
964,512
7,521
6,048
12,514
990,595
961,061
778
826
Wholesale:
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit(d)
119,474
184,303
172,614
23,738
500,129
503,526
2,638
(j)
2,797
(j)
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees(d)
14,536
9,382
3,792
607
28,317
28,872
413
479
Other letters of credit(d)
3,641
279
47
101
4,068
4,388
37
37
Total wholesale(c)
137,651
193,964
176,453
24,446
532,514
536,786
3,088
3,313
Total lending-related
$
1,102,163
$
201,485
$
182,501
$
36,960
$
1,523,109
$
1,497,847
$
3,866
$
4,139
Other guarantees and commitments
Securities lending indemnification agreements and guarantees(e)
$
317,054
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
317,054
$
283,664
$
—
$
—
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
3,804
47
11,179
40,878
55,908
54,562
98
89
Unsettled resale and securities borrowed agreements
141,196
302
—
—
141,498
95,106
1
—
Unsettled repurchase and securities loaned agreements
99,305
541
—
—
99,846
60,724
—
—
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications:
Mortgage repurchase liability
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
60
76
Loans sold with recourse
NA
NA
NA
NA
834
803
23
24
Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments(f)
128,408
—
—
—
128,408
265,887
—
—
Other guarantees and commitments(g)
9,806
869
49
1,084
11,808
15,074
31
38
(a)Includes certain commitments to purchase loans from correspondents.
(b)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CB and CIB.
(c)Predominantly all consumer and wholesale lending-related commitments are in the U.S.
(d)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, reflected the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $82 million and $88 million, respectively, for other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $8.1 billion and $8.2 billion, respectively, for standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; $490 million and $589 million, respectively, for other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.
(e)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements was $335.4 billion and $300.3 billion, respectively. Securities lending collateral primarily consists of cash, G7 government securities, and securities issued by U.S. GSEs and government agencies.
(f)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, includes guarantees to the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation under the sponsored member repo program and commitments and guarantees associated with the Firm’s membership in certain clearing houses.
(g)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, primarily includes unfunded commitments to purchase secondary market loans, other equity investment commitments, and unfunded commitments related to certain tax-oriented equity investments, and reflects the impact of adopting updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance effective January 1, 2024.
(h)For lending-related products, the carrying value includes the allowance for lending-related commitments and the guarantee liability; for derivative-related products, and lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected, the carrying value represents the fair value.
(i)For lending-related commitments, the carrying value also includes fees and any purchase discounts or premiums that are deferred and recognized in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. Deferred amounts for revolving commitments and commitments not expected to fund, are amortized to lending- and deposit-related fees on a straight line basis over the commitment period. For all other commitments the deferred amounts remain deferred until the commitment funds or is sold.
(j)As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, includes fair value adjustments associated with First Republic for residential real estate lending-related commitments totaling $596 million and $630 million, respectively, for auto and other lending-related commitments totaling $104 million and $148 million, respectively, and for other unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $935 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. Refer to Note 26 for additional information.
163
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit generally consist of commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, extensions of credit to support commercial paper facilities and bond financings in the event that those obligations cannot be remarketed to new investors, as well as committed liquidity facilities to clearing organizations. The Firm also issues commitments under multipurpose facilities which could be drawn upon in several forms, including the issuance of a standby letter of credit.
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees are conditional lending commitments issued by the Firm to guarantee the performance of a client or customer to a third party under certain arrangements, such as commercial paper facilities, bond financings, acquisition financings, trade financings and similar transactions.
The following table summarizes the contractual amount and carrying value of standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees and other letters of credit arrangements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Standby letters of credit, other financial guarantees and other letters of credit
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Other letters of credit
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Other letters of credit
Investment-grade(a)
$
19,736
$
3,122
$
19,694
$
3,552
Noninvestment-grade(a)
8,581
946
9,178
836
Total contractual amount
$
28,317
$
4,068
$
28,872
$
4,388
Allowance for lending-related commitments
$
87
$
37
$
110
$
37
Guarantee liability
326
—
369
—
Total carrying value
$
413
$
37
$
479
$
37
Commitments with collateral
$
16,213
$
475
$
16,861
$
539
(a)The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings. Refer to Note 11 for further information on internal risk ratings.
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
The Firm transacts in certain derivative contracts that have the characteristics of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on these derivatives.
The following table summarizes the derivatives qualifying as guarantees as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(in millions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Notional amounts
Derivative guarantees
$
55,908
$
54,562
Stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure
33,347
32,488
Maximum exposure of stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure
1,826
1,652
Fair value
Derivative payables
98
89
In addition to derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee, the Firm is both a purchaser and seller of credit protection in the credit derivatives market. Refer to Note 4 for a further discussion of credit derivatives.
Loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications
In connection with the Firm’s mortgage loan sale and securitization activities with U.S. GSEs the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements, and that may require the Firm to repurchase mortgage loans and/or indemnify the loan purchaser if such representations and warranties are breached by the Firm.
The liability related to repurchase demands associated with private label securitizations is separately evaluated by the Firm in establishing its litigation reserves. Refer to Note 24 of this Form 10-Q and Note 30 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information regarding litigation.
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Merchant charge-backs
Under the rules of payment networks, in its role as a merchant acquirer, the Firm's Merchant Services business in CIB Payments, retains a contingent liability for disputed processed credit and debit card transactions that result in a charge-back to the merchant. If a dispute is resolved in the cardholder’s favor, the Firm will (through the cardholder’s issuing bank) credit or refund the amount to the cardholder and will charge back the transaction to the merchant. If the Firm is unable to collect the amount from the merchant, the Firm will bear the loss for the amount credited or refunded to the cardholder. The Firm mitigates this risk by withholding future settlements, retaining cash reserve accounts or obtaining other collateral. In addition, the Firm recognizes a valuation allowance that covers the payment or performance risk related to charge-backs.
Sponsored member repo program
The Firm acts as a sponsoring member to clear eligible overnight and term resale and repurchase agreements through the Government Securities Division of the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”) on behalf of clients that become sponsored members under the FICC’s rules. The Firm also guarantees to the FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of its sponsored member clients’ respective obligations under the FICC’s rules. The Firm minimizes its liability under these guarantees by obtaining a security interest in the cash or high-quality securities collateral that the clients place with the clearing house; therefore, the Firm expects the risk of loss to be remote. The Firm’s maximum possible exposure, without taking into consideration the associated collateral, is included in the Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments line on page 163. Refer to Note 11 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on credit risk mitigation practices on resale agreements and the types of collateral pledged under repurchase agreements.
Guarantees of subsidiaries
The Parent Company has guaranteed certain long-term debt and structured notes of its subsidiaries, including JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC (“JPMFC”), a 100%-owned finance subsidiary. All securities issued by JPMFC are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company and no other subsidiary of the Parent Company guarantees these securities. These guarantees, which rank pari passu with the Firm’s unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, are not included in the table on page 163 of this Note. Refer to Note 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
Note 23 – Pledged assets and collateral
Refer to Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s pledged assets and collateral.
Pledged assets
The Firm pledges financial assets that it owns to maintain potential borrowing capacity at discount windows with Federal Reserve banks, various other central banks and FHLBs. Additionally, the Firm pledges assets for other purposes, including to collateralize repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits. Certain of these pledged assets may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties and are parenthetically identified on the Consolidated balance sheets as assets pledged.
The following table presents the Firm’s pledged assets.
(in billions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Assets that may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties
$
200.8
$
145.0
Assets that may not be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties(a)
273.7
244.2
Assets pledged at Federal Reserve banks and FHLBs
671.0
675.6
Total pledged assets
$
1,145.5
$
1,064.8
Total pledged assets do not include assets of consolidated VIEs; these assets are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. Refer to Note 13 for additional information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs. Refer to Note 10 for additional information on the Firm’s securities financing activities. Refer to Note 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s long-term debt.
Collateral
The Firm accepts financial assets as collateral that it is permitted to sell or repledge, deliver or otherwise use. This collateral is generally obtained under resale and other securities financing agreements, prime brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables and derivative contracts. Collateral is generally used under repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits.
The following table presents the fair value of collateral accepted.
(in billions)
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Collateral permitted to be sold or repledged, delivered, or otherwise used
$
1,444.8
$
1,303.9
Collateral sold, repledged, delivered or otherwise used
1,113.5
982.8
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Note 24 – Litigation
Contingencies
As of March 31, 2024, the Firm and its subsidiaries and affiliates are defendants or respondents in numerous evolving legal proceedings, including private proceedings, public proceedings, government investigations, regulatory enforcement matters, and the matters described below. The litigations range from individual actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially millions of class members. Investigations and regulatory enforcement matters involve both formal and informal proceedings, by both governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. These legal proceedings are at varying stages of adjudication, arbitration or investigation, and involve each of the Firm’s lines of business and several geographies and a wide variety of claims (including common law tort and contract claims and statutory antitrust, securities and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel legal theories.
The Firm believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $0 to approximately $1.4 billion at March 31, 2024. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses was based upon information available as of that date for those proceedings in which the Firm believes that an estimate of reasonably possible loss can be made. For certain matters, the Firm does not believe that such an estimate can be made, as of that date. The Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses involves significant judgment, given:
•the number, variety and varying stages of the proceedings, including the fact that many are in preliminary stages,
•the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants, including the Firm, whose share of liability (if any) has yet to be determined,
•the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings, including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims, and
•the uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings, including where the Firm has made assumptions concerning future rulings by the court or other adjudicator, or about the behavior or incentives of adverse parties or regulatory authorities, and those assumptions prove to be incorrect.
In addition, the outcome of a particular proceeding may be a result which the Firm did not take into account in its estimate because the Firm had deemed the likelihood of that outcome to be remote. Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly.
Set forth below are descriptions of the Firm’s material legal proceedings.
1MDB Litigation. J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA was named as a defendant in a civil litigation filed in May 2021 in Malaysia by 1Malaysia Development Berhad (“1MDB”), a Malaysian state-owned and controlled investment fund. The claim alleges “dishonest assistance” against J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA in relation to payments of $300 million and $500 million, from 2009 and 2010, respectively, received from 1MDB and paid into an account at J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA held by 1MDB PetroSaudi Limited, a joint venture company between 1MDB and PetroSaudi Holdings (Cayman) Limited. In March 2024, the Court upheld the Firm's challenge to the validity of service and the Malaysian Court’s jurisdiction to hear the claim. That decision has been appealed by 1MDB. In August 2023, the Court denied an application by 1MDB to discontinue its claim with permission to re-file a new claim in the future. An appeals court is scheduled in August 2024 to hear separate appeals filed by 1MDB and the Firm against that August 2023 decision. In its appeal, the Firm seeks to prevent any claim from continuing.
In addition, in November 2023, the Federal Office of the Attorney General (OAG) in Switzerland notified J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA that it is conducting an investigation into possible criminal liability in connection with transactions arising from J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA’s relationship with the 1MDB PetroSaudi joint venture and its related persons for the period September 2009 through August 2015. The OAG investigation is ongoing.
Amrapali. India’s Enforcement Directorate (“ED”) is investigating J.P. Morgan India Private Limited in connection with investments made in 2010 and 2012 by two offshore funds formerly managed by JPMorgan Chase entities into residential housing projects developed by the Amrapali Group (“Amrapali”) relating to delays in delivering or failure to deliver residential units. In August 2021, the ED issued an order fining J.P. Morgan India Private Limited approximately $31.5 million, and the Firm is appealing that order. Relatedly, in July 2019, the Supreme Court of India issued an order making preliminary findings that Amrapali and other parties, including unspecified JPMorgan Chase entities and the offshore funds that had invested in the projects, violated certain criminal currency control and money laundering provisions, and ordered the ED to conduct a further inquiry. The Firm is responding to and cooperating with the inquiry.
Foreign Exchange Investigations and Litigation. The Firm previously reported settlements with certain government authorities relating to its foreign exchange (“FX”) sales and trading activities and controls related to those activities. Among those resolutions, in May 2015, the Firm pleaded guilty to a single violation of federal antitrust law. The Department of Labor ("DOL") granted the Firm exemptions
166
that permit the Firm and its affiliates to continue to rely on the Qualified Professional Asset Manager exemption under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) through the ten-year disqualification period following the antitrust plea. The only remaining FX-related governmental inquiry is a South Africa Competition Commission matter which is currently pending before the South Africa Competition Tribunal.
With respect to civil litigation matters, in a putative class action filed against the Firm and other foreign exchange dealers on behalf of certain parties who purchased foreign currencies at allegedly inflated rates, the District Court denied certification of a class and granted summary judgment against the named plaintiffs in March 2023. An appeal by those plaintiffs of the District Court's decision is pending. In addition, some FX-related individual and putative class actions based on similar alleged underlying conduct have been filed outside the U.S., including in the U.K., Israel, the Netherlands, Brazil and Australia. An agreement to resolve one of the U.K. actions was reached in December 2022. In July 2023, the U.K. Court of Appeal overturned the Competition Appeal Tribunal's earlier denial of a request for class certification on an opt-out basis. In Israel, a settlement in principle has been reached on the putative class action, which remains subject to court approval.
Government Inquiries Related to the Zelle Network. The Firm is responding to inquiries from civil government authorities regarding the handling of disputes related to transfers of funds through the Zelle Network. The Firm is cooperating with these inquiries and responding to requests for information.
Interchange Litigation. Groups of merchants and retail associations filed a series of class action complaints alleging that Visa and Mastercard, as well as certain banks, conspired to set the price of credit and debit card interchange fees and enacted related rules in violation of antitrust laws.
In September 2018, the parties settled the class action seeking monetary relief, with the defendants collectively contributing approximately $6.2 billion. The settlement has been approved by the District Court and affirmed on appeal. Based on the percentage of merchants that opted out of the settlement, $700 million has been returned to the defendants from the settlement escrow. A separate class action seeking injunctive relief continues, and in September 2021, the District Court granted plaintiffs’ motion for class certification in part, and denied the motion in part. In March 2024, Visa and Mastercard announced a settlement of the injunctive class action, agreeing to certain changes to their respective network rules and system-wide reductions in interchange rates for U.S.-based merchants. This settlement is subject to approval by the District Court.
Of the merchants who opted out of the damages class settlement, certain merchants filed individual actions raising similar allegations against Visa and Mastercard, as well as against the Firm and other banks. While some of
those actions remain pending, the defendants have reached settlements with the merchants who opted out representing over 70% of the combined Mastercard-branded and Visa-branded payment card sales volume.
LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rate Investigations and Litigation. JPMorgan Chase has responded to inquiries from various governmental agencies and entities around the world relating primarily to the British Bankers Association’s (“BBA”) London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for various currencies and the European Banking Federation’s Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”). The Swiss Competition Commission’s investigation relating to EURIBOR, to which the Firm and one other bank remain subject, continues. The Firm appealed a December 2016 decision by the European Commission against the Firm and other banks finding an infringement of European antitrust rules relating to EURIBOR. In December 2023, the European General Court annulled the fine imposed by the European Commission, but exercised its discretion to re-impose a fine in an identical amount. In March 2024, the Firm filed an appeal of this decision with the Court of Justice of the European Union.
In addition, the Firm has been named as a defendant along with other banks in various individual and putative class actions related to benchmark rates, including U.S. dollar LIBOR. In actions related to U.S. dollar LIBOR during the period that it was administered by the BBA, the Firm has obtained dismissal of certain actions and resolved certain other actions, and others are in various stages of litigation. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York has granted class certification of antitrust claims related to bonds and interest rate swaps sold directly by the defendants, including the Firm. In addition, a lawsuit filed by a group of individual plaintiffs asserting antitrust claims, alleging that the Firm and other defendants were engaged in an unlawful agreement to set U.S. dollar LIBOR and conspired to monopolize the market for LIBOR-based consumer loans and credit cards was dismissed in October 2023. Plaintiff filed an appeal of the dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in November 2023. The Firm has resolved all non-U.S. dollar LIBOR actions.
Russian Litigation. The Firm is obligated to comply with international sanctions laws, which mandate the blocking of certain assets. These laws apply when assets associated with individuals, companies, products or services are within the scope of the sanctions. The Firm has faced actual and threatened litigation in Russia seeking payments on transactions that the Firm cannot make under and is contractually excused from paying as a result of, relevant sanctions laws. In claims involving the Firm and claims filed against other financial institutions, Russian courts have disregarded the parties’ contractual agreements concerning forum selection and did not recognize foreign sanctions laws as a basis for not making payment. As to claims against the Firm, a Russian court entered judgment against the Firm in one claim in February 2024, which the Firm has
167
appealed in Russia. In separate claims, in April 2024, Russian courts ordered an interim freeze of assets in Russia (including funds in bank accounts, securities, shares in authorized capital, and certain trademarks, of the named defendants) pending a determination on the underlying claims. Russian courts may rule similarly in other cases, including ordering freezes of assets. The Firm challenged the April 2024 freeze orders in the Russian courts and in a New York federal court action, and a Russian court has issued an order instructing the Firm to discontinue the New York action. The value of the current claims and the orders to freeze assets against the Firm exceed the total amount of available assets that the Firm holds in Russia. If the claims are enforced despite the actions taken by the Firm to challenge the claims and orders and to seek the proper application of law, the Firm’s assets in Russia could be seized in full or the Firm could be prevented from complying with its obligations.
SEC Inquiries. The Firm is responding to requests from the SEC regarding aspects of certain advisory programs within J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, including aggregation of accounts for billing, discounting advisory fees, and selecting portfolio managers. Separately, the Firm is responding to requests from the SEC in connection with the timing of the Firm’s liquidation of shares distributed in-kind to certain investment vehicles that invest in third-party managed private funds. The Firm is cooperating with the SEC in regard to both inquires.
Securities Lending Antitrust Litigation. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, J.P. Morgan Prime, Inc., and J.P. Morgan Strategic Securities Lending Corp. are named as defendants in a putative class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint asserts violations of federal antitrust law and New York State common law in connection with an alleged conspiracy to prevent the emergence of anonymous exchange trading for securities lending transactions. The settlement of this action by the parties has been preliminarily approved, and is subject to final court approval.
Shareholder Litigation. Several shareholder putative class actions, as well as shareholder derivative actions purporting to act on behalf of the Firm, have been filed against the Firm, its Board of Directors and certain of its current and former officers.
Certain of these shareholder suits relate to historical trading practices by former employees in the precious metals and U.S. treasuries markets and related conduct which were the subject of the Firm’s resolutions with the DOJ, CFTC and SEC in September 2020, and fiduciary activities that were separately the subject of a resolution between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the OCC in November 2020. One of these shareholder derivative suits was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in May 2022, asserting breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment claims relating to the historical trading practices and related conduct and fiduciary activities which
were the subject of the resolutions described above. In December 2022, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss this action in full, and in July 2023, the plaintiff filed an appeal, which remains pending.
A separate shareholder derivative suit was filed in March 2022 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York asserting state claims of breaches of fiduciary duty and federal claims of violations of federal securities laws based on the alleged failure of the Board of Directors to exercise adequate oversight over the Firm’s compliance with records preservation requirements which were the subject of resolutions between certain of the Firm’s subsidiaries and the SEC and the CFTC. In March 2024, the Court granted Defendants’ motion to dismiss the federal claims and declined to exercise jurisdiction over the remaining state claims.
Trading Venues Investigations. The Firm has been responding to government inquiries regarding its processes to inventory trading venues and confirm the completeness of certain data fed to trade surveillance platforms. The Firm self-identified that certain trading and order data through the CIB was not feeding into its trade surveillance platforms. The Firm has completed enhancements to the CIB’s venue inventory and data completeness controls, and other remediation is underway. The Firm has also performed a review of the data not originally surveilled, which is nearly complete, and has not identified any employee misconduct, harm to clients or the market. While the identified gaps represent a fraction of the overall activity across the CIB, the data gap on one venue, which largely consisted of sponsored client access activity, was significant. The Firm is dedicated to maintaining rigorous controls and continuously enhancing the reliability of its trade infrastructure. In March 2024, the Firm entered into resolutions with the OCC and the Board of Governors of the FRB that require the Firm to, among other things, complete its remediation, engage an independent consultant, and pay aggregate civil penalties of approximately $350 million. The Firm also expects to enter into a resolution with a third U.S. regulator that will require the Firm to, among other things, pay a civil penalty of $100 million after offsets for amounts paid to the OCC and FRB. The Firm does not expect any disruption of service to clients as a result of these resolutions.
* * *
In addition to the various legal proceedings discussed above, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries are named as defendants or are otherwise involved in a substantial number of other legal proceedings. The Firm believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding legal proceedings and it intends to defend itself vigorously. Additional legal proceedings may be initiated from time to time in the future.
The Firm has established reserves for several hundred of its currently outstanding legal proceedings. In accordance with the provisions of U.S. GAAP for contingencies, the Firm accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable
168
that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Firm evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its litigation reserves, and makes adjustments in such reserves, upward or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. The Firm’s legal expense was $(72) million and $176 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There is no assurance that the Firm’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future.
In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the matters present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in early stages of discovery, the Firm cannot state with confidence what will be the eventual outcomes of the currently pending matters, the timing of their ultimate resolution or the eventual losses, fines, penalties or consequences related to those matters. JPMorgan Chase believes, based upon its current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, consideration of the material legal proceedings described above and after taking into account its current litigation reserves and its estimated aggregate range of possible losses, that the other legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s consolidated financial condition. The Firm notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued or that a matter will not have material reputational consequences. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to JPMorgan Chase’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of JPMorgan Chase’s income for that period.
169
Note 25 – Business segments
The Firm is managed on an LOB basis. There are four major reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset & Wealth Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment.
The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by the Firm’s Operating Committee. Segment results are presented on a managed basis.
As a result of the organizational changes announced on January 25, 2024, the Firm will be reorganizing its business segments to reflect the manner in which the segments will be managed. The reorganization of the business segments will be effective in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Recent events on page 52 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
Refer to Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s business segments.
Segment results
The following table provides a summary of the Firm’s segment results as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, on a managed basis. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm (and each of the reportable business segments) on an FTE basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. Refer to Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s managed basis.
Capital allocation
The amount of capital assigned to each business segment is referred to as equity. At least annually, the assumptions, judgments and methodologies used to allocate capital are reassessed and, as a result, the capital allocated to the LOBs may change. Refer to Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.
Segment results and reconciliation(a)
As of or for the three months ended March 31, (in millions, except ratios)
Consumer & Community Banking
Corporate &
Investment Bank
Commercial Banking
Asset & Wealth Management
2024
2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
Noninterest revenue
$
3,945
$
3,623
$
11,236
$
11,523
$
925
$
781
$
3,514
$
3,333
Net interest income
13,708
12,833
2,397
2,077
3,026
2,730
1,595
1,451
Total net revenue
17,653
16,456
13,633
13,600
3,951
3,511
5,109
4,784
Provision for credit losses
1,913
1,402
32
58
(31)
417
(57)
28
Noninterest expense
9,297
8,065
7,218
7,483
1,506
1,308
3,460
3,091
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
6,443
6,989
6,383
6,059
2,476
1,786
1,706
1,665
Income tax expense/(benefit)
1,612
1,746
1,630
1,638
607
439
416
298
Net income/(loss)
$
4,831
$
5,243
$
4,753
$
4,421
$
1,869
$
1,347
$
1,290
$
1,367
Average equity
$
54,500
$
52,000
$
102,000
$
108,000
$
30,000
$
28,500
$
15,500
$
16,000
Total assets
629,122
506,382
1,594,901
1,436,237
303,350
261,181
240,555
232,516
ROE
35
%
40
%
18
%
16
%
24
%
18
%
33
%
34
%
Overhead ratio
53
49
53
55
38
37
68
65
As of or for the three months ended March 31, (in millions, except ratios)
Corporate
Reconciling Items(a)
Total
2024
2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
Noninterest revenue
$
(275)
$
(755)
$
(493)
$
(867)
$
18,852
$
17,638
Net interest income
2,477
1,740
(121)
(120)
23,082
20,711
Total net revenue
2,202
985
(614)
(987)
41,934
38,349
Provision for credit losses
27
370
—
—
1,884
2,275
Noninterest expense
1,276
160
—
—
22,757
20,107
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
899
455
(614)
(987)
17,293
15,967
Income tax expense/(benefit)
223
211
(614)
(987)
3,874
3,345
Net income/(loss)
$
676
$
244
$
—
$
—
$
13,419
$
12,622
Average equity
$
98,277
$
66,697
$
—
$
—
$
300,277
$
271,197
Total assets
1,322,799
1,307,989
NA
NA
4,090,727
3,744,305
ROE
NM
NM
NM
NM
17
%
18
%
Overhead ratio
NM
NM
NM
NM
54
52
(a)Segment managed results reflect revenue on an FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.
170
Note 26 – Business combinations
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the "First Republic acquisition") from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), as receiver. The Firm believes that the First Republic acquisition is complementary to the Firm's existing franchises. The acquisition resulted in an estimated bargain purchase gain, which represents the excess of the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired above the purchase price.
The Firm has determined that this acquisition constitutes a business combination under U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, the initial recognition of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were generally measured at their estimated fair values as of May 1, 2023. The determination of those fair values required management to make certain market-based assumptions about expected future cash flows, discount rates and other valuation inputs at the time of the acquisition. The Firm believes that the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed provide a reasonable basis for determining the estimated bargain purchase gain.
The First Republic acquisition resulted in a preliminary estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion. Adjustments to the purchase price and the estimated bargain purchase gain may take place up to one year from the acquisition date, as permitted by U.S. GAAP. The Firm is working to conclude the final settlement process with the FDIC. Resolution of certain matters relating to the final settlement will occur after May 1, 2024. The current estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.8 billion reflects measurement period adjustments made to the fair value of the net assets acquired, from the acquisition date through March 31, 2024, including a reduction of $16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Refer to Note 34 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on the First Republic acquisition.
171
The computation of the purchase price, the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of the First Republic acquisition and the related estimated bargain purchase gain are presented below, and reflects adjustments made through March 31, 2024 to the acquisition-date fair value of the net assets acquired.
Fair value purchase price allocation as of May 1, 2023
(in millions)
Purchase price consideration
Amounts paid/due to the FDIC, net of cash acquired(a)
$
13,566
Purchase Money Note (at fair value)(b)
48,848
Settlement of First Republic deposit and other related party transactions(c)
5,447
Contingent consideration - Shared-loss agreements
15
Purchase price consideration
$
67,876
Assets
Securities
$
30,285
Loans
153,242
Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles
1,455
Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements
675
Accounts receivable and other assets(d)
6,595
Total assets acquired
$
192,252
Liabilities
Deposits
$
87,572
FHLB advances
27,919
Lending-related commitments
2,614
Accounts payable and other liabilities(d)
2,793
Deferred tax liabilities
719
Total liabilities assumed
$
121,617
Fair value of net assets acquired
$
70,635
Estimated gain on acquisition, after income taxes
$
2,759
(a)Includes $10.6 billion of cash paid to the FDIC at acquisition and $3.6 billion payable to the FDIC, less cash acquired of $680 million.
(b)As part of the consideration paid, JPMorgan Chase issued a five-year, $50 billion secured note to the FDIC (the "Purchase Money Note").
(c)Includes $447 million of securities financing transactions with First Republic Bank that were effectively settled on the acquisition date.
(d)Other assets include $1.2 billion in tax-oriented investments and $683 million of lease right-of-use assets. Other liabilities include the related tax-oriented investment liabilities of $669 million and lease liabilities of $748 million. Refer to Note 14 and Note 18 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
Refer to JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s accounting policies and valuation methodologies for securities, loans, core deposits and customer relationship intangibles, shared-loss agreements and the related indemnification assets, deposits, Purchase Money Note, FHLB advances and lending-related commitments.
Loans
The following table presents the unpaid principal balance ("UPB") and estimated fair values of the loans acquired as of May 1, 2023, and reflects adjustments made through March 31, 2024 to the acquisition-date fair value of the loans acquired.
May 1, 2023
(in millions)
UPB
Fair value
Residential real estate
$
106,240
$
92,053
Auto and other
3,093
2,030
Total consumer
109,333
94,083
Secured by real estate
37,117
33,602
Commercial & industrial
4,332
3,932
Other
23,499
21,625
Total wholesale
64,948
59,159
Total loans
$
174,281
$
153,242
172
Unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information
Included in the Firm's Consolidated statements of income are noninterest revenue, net interest income and net income contributed by First Republic of $315 million, $1.3 billion and $668 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
The following table presents certain unaudited pro forma financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as if the First Republic acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2022, including recognition of the estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.8 billion and the provision for credit losses of $1.2 billion. Additional adjustments include the interest on the Purchase Money Note and the impact of amortizing and accreting certain estimated fair value adjustments related to intangible assets, loans and lending-related commitments.
The Firm expects to achieve operating cost savings and other business synergies resulting from the acquisition that are not reflected in the pro forma amounts. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the historical results of operations had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2022, nor is it indicative of the results of operations in future periods.
For the three months ended
March 31, 2023
(in millions)
Noninterest revenue
$
17,899
Net interest income
21,909
Net income
13,168
173
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements
We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries (the “Firm”) as of March 31, 2024, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of the Firm as of December 31, 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 16, 2024, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2023, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Firm’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Firm in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
May 1, 2024
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017
174
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates (unaudited)
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Average balance
Interest(f)
Rate (annualized)
Average balance
Interest(f)
Rate (annualized)
Assets
Deposits with banks
$
535,708
$
6,386
4.79
%
$
505,662
$
4,819
3.87
%
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
323,988
4,215
5.23
313,187
3,131
4.06
Securities borrowed
192,545
2,166
4.52
192,843
1,716
3.61
Trading assets – debt instruments
422,516
4,603
4.38
357,682
3,660
4.15
Taxable securities
550,063
4,871
3.56
596,723
3,967
2.70
Nontaxable securities(a)
29,983
376
5.04
25,327
308
4.93
Total investment securities
580,046
5,247
3.64
(g)
622,050
4,275
2.79
(g)
Loans
1,311,578
22,931
7.03
1,129,624
17,754
6.37
All other interest-earning assets(b)(c)
79,134
2,011
10.22
95,709
1,769
7.50
Total interest-earning assets
3,445,515
47,559
5.55
3,216,757
37,124
4.68
Allowance for loan losses
(22,367)
(19,126)
Cash and due from banks
23,627
26,056
Trading assets – equity and other instruments
190,783
152,081
Trading assets – derivative receivables
57,635
64,526
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible Assets
64,402
60,855
All other noninterest-earning assets
209,042
208,828
Total assets
$
3,968,637
$
3,709,977
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits
$
1,726,142
$
12,234
2.85
%
$
1,670,036
$
7,637
1.85
%
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
294,983
3,969
5.41
252,310
2,804
4.51
Short-term borrowings
38,529
535
5.57
38,763
421
4.40
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing
liabilities(d)(e)
302,997
2,636
3.50
277,576
1,971
2.88
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
27,407
364
5.34
13,483
147
4.43
Long-term debt
340,411
4,618
5.46
249,336
3,313
5.39
Total interest-bearing liabilities
2,730,469
24,356
3.59
2,501,504
16,293
2.64
Noninterest-bearing deposits
648,644
650,443
Trading liabilities – equity and other instruments(e)
28,622
29,769
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
39,877
49,357
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
192,796
180,303
Total liabilities
3,640,408
3,411,376
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock
27,952
27,404
Common stockholders’ equity
300,277
271,197
Total stockholders’ equity
328,229
298,601
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
3,968,637
$
3,709,977
Interest rate spread
1.96
%
2.04
%
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
$
23,203
2.71
$
20,831
2.63
(a)Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)Includes brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets, which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(c)The rates reflect the impact of interest earned on cash collateral where the cash collateral has been netted against certain derivative payables.
(d)All other interest-bearing liabilities include brokerage-related customer payables.
(e)The combined balance of trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments was $174.1 billion and $143.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(f)Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(g)The annualized rate for securities based on amortized cost was 3.60% and 2.74% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in AOCI.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS
2023 Form 10-K: Annual report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
ABS: Asset-backed securities
Active foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings are ongoing. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
AFS: Available-for-sale
Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans: represents period-end allowance for loan losses divided by retained loans.
Amortized cost: Amount at which a financing receivable or investment is originated or acquired, adjusted for accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, charge-offs, foreign exchange, and fair value hedge accounting adjustments. For AFS securities, amortized cost is also reduced by any impairment losses recognized in earnings. Amortized cost is not reduced by the allowance for credit losses, except where explicitly presented net.
AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
ARM(s): Adjustable rate mortgage(s)
AUC: “Assets under custody”: Represents assets held directly or indirectly on behalf of clients under safekeeping, custody and servicing arrangements.
Auto loan and lease origination volume: Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.
AWM: Asset & Wealth Management
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs:represents the interest of third-party holders of debt, equity securities, or other obligations, issued by VIEs that JPMorgan Chase consolidates.
BHC: Bank holding company
BWM: Banking & Wealth Management
Bridge Financing Portfolio: A portfolio of held-for-sale unfunded loan commitments and funded loans. The unfunded commitments include both short-term bridge loan commitments that will ultimately be replaced by longer term financing as well as term loan commitments. The funded loans include term loans and funded revolver facilities.
CB: Commercial Banking
CCAR: Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CCB: Consumer & Community Banking
CCP: Central Counterparty
CDS: Credit default swaps
CECL: Current Expected Credit Losses
CEO: Chief Executive Officer
CET1 capital: Common equity Tier 1 capital
CFO: Chief Financial Officer
CFTC: Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CIB: Corporate & Investment Bank
CIO: Chief Investment Office
Client assets: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities: Deposits, as well as deposits that are swept to on-balance sheet liabilities (e.g., commercial paper, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements) as part of client cash management programs.
Client investment assets: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage and annuity accounts, and deposits held in investment accounts.
CLTV: Combined loan-to-value
CMT: Constant Maturity Treasury
Collateral-dependent: A loan is considered to be collateral-dependent when repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of thecollateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, including when foreclosure is deemed probable based on borrower delinquency.
Commercial Card: provides a wide range of payment services to corporate and public sector clients worldwide through the commercial card products. Services include procurement, corporate travel and entertainment, expense management services, and business-to-business payment solutions.
Credit derivatives:Financial instruments whose value is derived from the credit risk associated with the debt of a third-party issuer (the reference entity) which allow one party (the protection purchaser) to transfer that risk to another party (the protection seller). Upon the occurrence of a credit event by the reference entity, which may include, among other events, the bankruptcy or failure to pay its obligations, or certain restructurings of the debt of the reference entity, neither party has recourse to the reference entity. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value at the time of settling the credit derivative contract. The determination as to whether a credit event has occurred is generally made by the relevant International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Determinations Committee.
Criticized: Criticized loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables that are classified as special mention, substandard and doubtful categories for regulatory purposes and are generally consistent with a rating of CCC+/Caa1 and below, as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
CRR: Capital Requirements Regulation
CVA: Credit valuation adjustment
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DVA: Debit valuation adjustment
EC: European Commission
Eligible HQLA: Eligible high-quality liquid assets, for purposes of calculating the LCR, is the amount of unencumbered HQLA that satisfy certain operational considerations as defined in the LCR rule.
Eligible LTD: Long-term debt satisfying certain eligibility criteria
Embedded derivatives: are implicit or explicit terms or features of a financial instrument that affect some or all of the cash flows or the value of the instrument in a manner similar to a derivative. An instrument containing such terms or features is referred to as a “hybrid.” The component of the hybrid that is the non-derivative instrument is referred to as the “host.” For example, callable debt is a hybrid instrument that contains a plain vanilla debt instrument (i.e., the host) and an embedded option that allows the issuer to redeem the debt issue at a specified date for a specified amount (i.e., the embedded derivative). However, a floating rate instrument is not a hybrid composed of a fixed-rate instrument and an interest rate swap.
EPS: Earnings per share
ERISA: Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
ESG: Environmental, Social and Governance
ETD: “Exchange-traded derivatives”: Derivative contracts that are executed on an exchange and settled via a central clearing house.
EU: European Union
Expense categories:
•Volume- and/or revenue-related expenses generally correlate with changes in the related business/transaction volume or revenue. Examples of volume- and revenue-related expenses include commissions and incentive compensation, depreciation expense related to operating lease assets, and brokerage expense related to equities trading transaction volume.
•Investments include expenses associated with supporting medium- to longer-term strategic plans of the Firm. Examples of investments include initiatives in technology (including related compensation), marketing, and compensation for new bankers and client advisors.
•Structural expenses are those associated with the day-to-day cost of running the bank and are expenses not covered by the above two categories. Examples of structural expenses include employee salaries and benefits, as well as noncompensation costs such as real estate and all other expenses.
Fannie Mae: Federal National Mortgage Association
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board
FCA: Financial Conduct Authority
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDM: "Financial difficulty modification" applies to loan modifications effective January 1, 2023, andis deemed to
occur when the Firm modifies specific terms of the original loan agreement. The following types of modifications are considered FDMs: principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment deferral, term extension or a combination of these modifications.
Federal Reserve: The Board of the Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FFIEC: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHA: Federal Housing Administration
FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO score: A measure of consumer credit risk based on information in consumer credit reports produced by Fair Isaac Corporation. Because certain aged data is excluded from credit reports based on rules in the Fair Credit Reporting Act, FICO scores may not reflect all historical information about a consumer.
FICC: Fixed Income Clearing Corporation
FINRA: Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
Firm: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Forward points: represents the interest rate differential between two currencies, which is either added to or subtracted from the current exchange rate (i.e., “spot rate”) to determine the forward exchange rate.
Freddie Mac: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
Free-standing derivatives: is a derivative contract entered into either separate and apart from any of the Firm’s other financial instruments or equity transactions. Or, in conjunction with some other transaction and is legally detachable and separately exercisable.
FTE: Fully taxable-equivalent
FVA: Funding valuation adjustment
FX: Foreign exchange
G7: “Group of Seven nations”:Countries in the G7 are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S.
G7 government securities:Securities issued by the government of one of the G7 nations.
Ginnie Mae: Government National Mortgage Association
GSIB: Global systemically important banks
HELOC: Home equity line of credit
Home equity – senior lien:represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds the first security interest on the property.
Home equity – junior lien:represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds a security interest that is subordinate in rank to other liens.
HQLA: High-quality liquid assets
HTM: Held-to-maturity
IBOR: Interbank Offered Rate
IDI: Insured depository institutions
177
IHC: JPMorgan Chase Holdings LLC, an intermediate holding company
Investment-grade:An indication of credit quality based on JPMorgan Chase’s internal risk assessment system. “Investment grade” generally represents a risk profile similar to a rating of a “BBB-”/“Baa3” or better, as defined by independent rating agencies.
IPO: Initial Public Offering
IR: Interest rate
ISDA: International Swaps and Derivatives Association
JPMorgan Chase: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.: JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
JPMorgan Chase Foundation or Foundation: a not-for-profit organization that makes contributions for charitable and educational purposes.
J.P. Morgan Securities: J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
JPMSE: J.P. Morgan SE
LCR: Liquidity coverage ratio
LIBOR: London Interbank Offered Rate
LLC:Limited Liability Company
LOB: Line of business
LTV: “Loan-to-value ratio”: For residential real estate loans, the relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the principal amount of a loan and the appraised value of the collateral (i.e., residential real estate) securing the loan.
Origination date LTV ratio
The LTV ratio at the origination date of the loan. Origination date LTV ratios are calculated based on the actual appraised values of collateral (i.e., loan-level data) at the origination date.
Current estimated LTV ratio
An estimate of the LTV as of a certain date. The current estimated LTV ratios are calculated using estimated collateral values derived from a nationally recognized home price index measured at the metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) level. These MSA-level home price indices consist of actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. As a result, the estimated collateral values used to calculate these ratios do not represent actual appraised loan-level collateral values; as such, the resulting LTV ratios are necessarily imprecise and should therefore be viewed as estimates.
Combined LTV ratio
The LTV ratio considering all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property. Combined LTV ratios are used for junior lien home equity products.
Macro businesses: the macro businesses include Rates, Currencies and Emerging Markets, Fixed Income Financing and Commodities in CIB's Fixed Income Markets.
Managed basis: A non-GAAP presentation of Firmwide financial results that includes reclassifications to present
revenue on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management also uses this financial measure at the segment level, because it believes this provides information to enable investors to understand the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and facilitates a comparison of the business segment with the performance of competitors.
Markets: consists of CIB's Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets businesses.
Master netting agreement: A single agreement with a counterparty that permits multiple transactions governed by that agreement to be terminated or accelerated and settled through a single payment in a single currency in the event of a default (e.g., bankruptcy, failure to make a required payment or securities transfer or deliver collateral or margin when due).
MBS: Mortgage-backed securities
MD&A: Management’s discussion and analysis
Measurement alternative: Measures equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer.
Merchant Services: offers merchants payment processing capabilities, fraud and risk management, data and analytics, and other payments services. Through Merchant Services, merchants of all sizes can accept payments via credit and debit cards and payments in multiple currencies.
MEV: Macroeconomic variable
Moody’s: Moody’s Investor Services
Mortgage product types:
Alt-A
Alt-A loans are generally higher in credit quality than subprime loans but have characteristics that would disqualify the borrower from a traditional prime loan. Alt-A lending characteristics may include one or more of the following: (i) limited documentation; (ii) a high CLTV ratio; (iii) loans secured by non-owner occupied properties; or (iv) a debt-to-income ratio above normal limits. A substantial proportion of the Firm’s Alt-A loans are those where a borrower does not provide complete documentation of his or her assets or the amount or source of his or her income.
Option ARMs
The option ARM real estate loan product is an adjustable-rate mortgage loan that provides the borrower with the option each month to make a fully amortizing, interest-only or minimum payment. The minimum payment on an option ARM loan is based on the interest rate charged during the introductory period. This introductory rate is usually significantly below the fully indexed rate. The fully indexed rate is calculated using an index rate plus a margin. Once the introductory period ends, the contractual interest rate charged on the loan increases to the fully indexed rate and adjusts monthly to reflect movements in the index. The minimum payment is typically insufficient to cover interest
178
accrued in the prior month, and any unpaid interest is deferred and added to the principal balance of the loan. Option ARM loans are subject to payment recast, which converts the loan to a variable-rate fully amortizing loan upon meeting specified loan balance and anniversary date triggers.
Prime
Prime mortgage loans are made to borrowers with good credit records who meet specific underwriting requirements, including prescriptive requirements related to income and overall debt levels. New prime mortgage borrowers provide full documentation and generally have reliable payment histories.
Subprime
Subprime loans are loans that, prior to mid-2008, were offered to certain customers with one or more high risk characteristics, including but not limited to: (i) unreliable or poor payment histories; (ii) a high LTV ratio of greater than 80% (without borrower-paid mortgage insurance); (iii) a high debt-to-income ratio; (iv) an occupancy type for the loan is other than the borrower’s primary residence; or (v) a history of delinquencies or late payments on the loan.
MREL: Minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities
MSR: Mortgage servicing rights
NA:Data is not applicable or available for the period presented.
Net Capital Rule: Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate: represents net charge-offs/(recoveries) (annualized) divided by average retained loans for the reporting period.
Net interchange income includes the following components:
•Interchange income: Fees earned by credit and debit card issuers on sales transactions.
•Rewards costs: The cost to the Firm for points earned by cardholders enrolled in credit card rewards programs generally tied to sales transactions.
•Partner payments: Payments to co-brand credit card partners based on the cost of loyalty program rewards earned by cardholders on credit card transactions.
Net yield on interest-earning assets: The average rate for interest-earning assets less the average rate paid for all sources of funds.
NFA: National Futures Association
NM:Not meaningful
Nonaccrual loans: Loans for which interest income is not recognized on an accrual basis. Loans (other than credit card loans and certain consumer loans insured by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status when full payment of principal and interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and
interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. Collateral-dependent loans are typically maintained on nonaccrual status.
Nonperforming assets: Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, nonperforming derivatives and certain assets acquired in loan satisfactions, predominantly real estate owned and other commercial and personal property.
NSFR: Net Stable Funding Ratio
OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCI: Other comprehensive income/(loss)
OPEB: Other postretirement employee benefit
OTC: “Over-the-counter derivatives”:Derivative contracts that are negotiated, executed and settled bilaterally between two derivative counterparties, where one or both counterparties is a derivatives dealer.
OTC cleared: “Over-the-counter cleared derivatives”:Derivative contracts that are negotiated and executed bilaterally, but subsequently settled via a central clearing house, such that each derivative counterparty is only exposed to the default of that clearing house.
Overhead ratio: Noninterest expense as a percentage of total net revenue.
Parent Company: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Participating securities: represents unvested share-based compensation awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”), which are included in the earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. JPMorgan Chase grants restricted stock and RSUs to certain employees under its share-based compensation programs, which entitle the recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common stock and participating securities, based on their respective rights to receive dividends.
PCD: “Purchased credit deteriorated” assets represent acquired financial assets that as of the date of acquisition have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, as determined by the Firm.
Pillar 1: The Basel framework consists of a three “Pillar” approach. Pillar 1 establishes minimum capital requirements, defines eligible capital instruments, and prescribes rules for calculating RWA.
Pillar 3: The Basel framework consists of a three “Pillar” approach. Pillar 3 encourages market discipline through disclosure requirements which allow market participants to assess the risk and capital profiles of banks.
PPP: Paycheck Protection Program under the Small Business Association (“SBA”)
179
PRA: Prudential Regulation Authority
Pre-provision profit/(loss): represents total net revenue less noninterest expense. The Firm believes that this financial measure is useful in assessing the ability of a lending institution to generate income in excess of its provision for credit losses.
Principal transactions revenue:Principal transactions revenue is driven by many factors, including the bid-offer spread, which is the difference between the price at which the Firm is willing to buy a financial or other instrument and the price at which the Firm is willing to sell that instrument. It also consists of realized (as a result of closing out or termination of transactions, or interim cash payments) and unrealized (as a result of changes in valuation) gains and losses on financial and other instruments (including those accounted for under the fair value option) primarily used in client-driven market-making activities and on private equity investments. In connection with its client-driven market-making activities, the Firm transacts in debt and equity instruments, derivatives and commodities (including physical commodities inventories and financial instruments that reference commodities). Principal transactions revenue also includes certain realized and unrealized gains and losses related to hedge accounting and specified risk-management activities, including: (a) certain derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships (primarily fair value hedges of commodity and foreign exchange risk), (b) certain derivatives used for specific risk management purposes, primarily to mitigate credit risk and foreign exchange risk, and (c) other derivatives.
PSU(s): Performance share units
Regulatory VaR: Daily aggregated VaR calculated in accordance with regulatory rules.
REO: Real estate owned
Reported basis: Financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP, which excludes the impact of taxable-equivalent adjustments.
Retained loans:Loans that are held-for-investment (i.e. excludes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value).
Revenue wallet: Total fee revenue based on estimates of investment banking fees generated across the industry (i.e., the revenue wallet) from investment banking transactions in M&A, equity and debt underwriting, and loan syndications. Source: Dealogic, a third-party provider of investment banking competitive analysis and volume based league tables for the above noted industry products.
RHS: Rural Housing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
ROE: Return on equity
ROTCE: Return on tangible common equity
ROU assets: Right-of-use assets
RSU(s): Restricted stock units
RWA: “Risk-weighted assets”:Basel III establishes two comprehensive approaches for calculating RWA (a
Standardized approach and an Advanced approach) which include capital requirements for credit risk, market risk, and in the case of Basel III Advanced, also operational risk. Key differences in the calculation of credit risk RWA between the Standardized and Advanced approaches are that for Basel III Advanced, credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters, whereas for Basel III Standardized, credit risk RWA is generally based on supervisory risk-weightings which vary primarily by counterparty type and asset class. Market risk RWA is calculated on a generally consistent basis between Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced.
S&P: Standard and Poors
SA-CCR: Standardized Approach for Counterparty Credit Risk
SAR as it pertains to Hong Kong: Special Administrative Region
SAR(s) as it pertains to employee stock awards: Stock appreciation rights
SCB:Stress capital buffer
Scored portfolios: Consumer loan portfolios that predominantly include residential real estate loans, credit card loans, auto loans to individuals and certain small business loans.
SEC: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Securitized Products Group: Comprised of Securitized Products and tax-oriented investments.
Seed capital: Initial JPMorgan capital invested in products, such as mutual funds, with the intention of ensuring the fund is of sufficient size to represent a viable offering to clients, enabling pricing of its shares, and allowing the manager to develop a track record. After these goals are achieved, the intent is to remove the Firm’s capital from the investment.
Shelf securities: Securities registered with the SEC under a shelf registration statement that have not been issued, offered or sold. These securities are not included in league tables until they have actually been issued.
Single-name: Single reference-entities
SLR: Supplementary leverage ratio
SMBS: Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities
SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SPEs: Special purpose entities
Structural interest rate risk: represents interest rate risk of the non-trading assets and liabilities of the Firm.
Structured notes: Structured notes are financial instruments whose cash flows are linked to the movement in one or more indexes, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodities prices, prepayment rates, underlying reference pool of loans or other market variables. The notes typically contain embedded (but not separable or detachable) derivatives. Contractual cash flows for
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principal, interest, or both can vary in amount and timing throughout the life of the note based on non-traditional indexes or non-traditional uses of traditional interest rates or indexes.
Suspended foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings have started but are currently on hold, which could be due to bankruptcy or loss mitigation. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
Taxable-equivalent basis: In presenting managed results, the total net revenue for each of the business segments and the Firm is presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities; the corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense.
TBVPS: Tangible book value per share
TCE: Tangible common equity
TDR: “Troubled debt restructuring” applies to loan modifications granted prior to January 1, 2023 and is deemed to occur when the Firm modifies the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty. Loans with short-term and other insignificant modifications that are not considered concessions are not TDRs.
TLAC: Total Loss Absorbing Capacity
U.K.: United Kingdom
U.S.: United States of America
U.S. GAAP:Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
U.S. government agencies: U.S. government agencies include, but are not limited to, agencies such as Ginnie Mae and FHA, and do not include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which are U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (“U.S. GSEs”). In general, obligations of U.S. government agencies are fully and explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government in the event of a default.
U.S. GSE(s): “U.S. government-sponsored enterprises” are quasi-governmental, privately-held entities established or chartered by the U.S. government to serve public purposes as specified by the U.S. Congress to improve the flow of credit to specific sectors of the economy and provide certain essential services to the public. U.S. GSEs include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but do not include Ginnie Mae or FHA. U.S. GSE obligations are not explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
U.S. Treasury:U.S. Department of the Treasury
Unaudited: Financial statements and/or information that have not been subject to auditing procedures by an independent registered public accounting firm.
VA: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
VaR: “Value-at-risk” is a measure of the dollar amount of potential loss from adverse market moves in an ordinary market environment.
VIEs: Variable interest entities
Warehouse loans:consist of prime mortgages originated with the intent to sell that are accounted for at fair value and classified as loans.
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LINE OF BUSINESS METRICS
CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING (“CCB”)
Debit and credit card sales volume: Dollar amount of card member purchases, net of returns.
Deposit margin: Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.
Home Lending Production and Home Lending Servicing revenue comprises the following:
Net mortgage servicing revenue: Includes operating revenue earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, which is recognized over the period in which the service is provided; changes in the fair value of MSRs; the impact of risk management activities associated with MSRs; and gains and losses on securitization of excess mortgage servicing. Net mortgage servicing revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments of certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies.
Production revenue: Includes fees and income recognized as earned on mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell, and the impact of risk management activities associated with the mortgage pipeline and warehouse loans. Production revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments on mortgage loans held-for-sale (excluding certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies), and changes in the fair value of financial instruments measured under the fair value option.
Mortgage origination channels comprise the following:
Retail: Borrowers who buy or refinance a home through direct contact with a mortgage banker employed by the Firm using a branch office, the Internet or by phone. Borrowers are frequently referred to a mortgage banker by a banker in a Chase branch, real estate brokers, home builders or other third parties.
Correspondent: Banks, thrifts, other mortgage banks and other financial institutions that sell closed loans to the Firm.
Card Services: is a business that primarily issues credit cards to consumers and small businesses.
Net revenue rate: Represents Card Services net revenue (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average loans for the period.
Auto loan and lease origination volume: Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.
CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK (“CIB”)
Definition of selected CIB revenue:
Investment Banking: incorporates all revenue associated with investment banking activities, and is reported net of investment banking revenue shared with other LOBs.
Payments is a full service provider of cash management solutions, which primarily includes merchant acquiring, cross border and domestic payments, liquidity and account services, and global trade for multinational corporations, e-commerce and marketplace operators, and financial institutions.
Lending: includes net interest income, fees, gains or losses on loan sale activity, gains or losses on securities received as part of a loan restructuring, and the risk management results related to the credit portfolio.
Fixed Income Markets: primarily includes revenue related to market-making across global fixed income markets, including foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and commodities markets.
Equity Markets: primarily includes revenue related to market-making across global equity products, including cash instruments, derivatives, convertibles and prime brokerage.
Securities Services: primarilyincludes custody, fund accounting and administration, and securities lending products sold principally to asset managers, insurance companies and public and private investment funds. Also includes collateral management and depositary receipts businesses which provide collateral management products, and depositary bank services for American and global depositary receipt programs.
Descriptionof certain business metrics:
Assets under custody (“AUC”): represents activities associated with the safekeeping and servicing of assets on which Securities Services earns fees.
Investment banking fees: represents advisory, equity underwriting, bond underwriting and loan syndication fees.
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COMMERCIAL BANKING (“CB”)
Commercial Banking provides comprehensive financial solutions, including lending, payments, investment banking and asset management products across three primary client segments: Middle Market Banking, Corporate Client Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking. Other includes amounts not aligned with a primary client segment.
Middle Market Banking: covers small and midsized companies, local governments and nonprofit clients.
Corporate Client Banking: covers large corporations.
Commercial Real Estate Banking: coversinvestors, developers, and owners of multifamily, office, retail, industrial and affordable housing properties.
CB product revenue consists of the following:
Lending: includes a variety of financing alternatives, which are primarily provided on a secured basis; collateral includes receivables, inventory, equipment, real estate or other assets. Products include term loans, revolving lines of credit, bridge financing, asset-based structures, leases, and standby letters of credit.
Payments: includes services that enable CB clients to
manage payments globally across liquidity and account
solutions, commerce solutions, clearing, trade and
working capital.
Investment banking: includes revenue from a range of products providing CB clients with sophisticated capital-raising alternatives, as well as balance sheet and risk management tools through advisory, equity underwriting, and loan syndications. Revenue from fixed income and equity markets products used by CB clients is also included.
Other: revenue primarily includes tax-equivalent adjustments generated from Community Development Banking and activity derived from principal transactions.
ASSET & WEALTH MANAGEMENT (“AWM”)
Assets under management (“AUM”): represent assets managed by AWM on behalf of its Private Banking, Global Institutional and Global Funds clients. Includes “Committed capital not Called.”
Client assets: represent assets under management, as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Multi-asset: Any fund or account that allocates assets under management to more than one asset class.
Alternative assets: The following types of assets constitute alternative investments – hedge funds, currency, real estate, private equity and other investment funds designed to focus on nontraditional strategies.
AWM’s lines of business consist of the following:
Asset Management: offers multi-asset investment management solutions across equities, fixed income, alternatives and money market funds to institutional and retail investors providing for a broad range of clients’ investment needs.
Global Private Bank: provides retirement products and services, brokerage, custody, trusts and estates, loans, mortgages, deposits and investment management to high net worth clients.
AWM’s client segments consist of the following:
Private Banking: clients include high- and ultra-high-net-worth individuals, families, money managers and business owners.
Global Institutional: clients include both corporate and public institutions, endowments, foundations, nonprofit organizations and governments worldwide.
Global Funds: clients include financial intermediaries and individual investors.
Asset Management has two high-level measures of its overall fund performance:
Percentage of active mutual fund and active ETF assets under management in funds rated 4- or 5-star: Mutual fund rating services rank funds based on their risk-adjusted performance over various periods. A 5-star rating is the best rating and represents the top 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 4-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 3-star rating represents the next 35% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 2-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 1-star rating is the worst rating and represents the bottom 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. An overall Morningstar rating is derived from a weighted average of the performance associated with a fund’s three-, five- and ten- year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. For U.S.-domiciled funds, separate star ratings are provided at the individual share class level. The Nomura “star rating” is based on three-year risk-adjusted performance only. Funds with fewer than three years of history are not rated and hence excluded from these rankings. All ratings, the
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assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive these rankings are sourced from the applicable fund rating provider. Where applicable, the fund rating providers redenominate asset values into U.S. dollars. The percentage of AUM is based on star ratings at the share class level for U.S.-domiciled funds, and at a “primary share class” level to represent the star rating of all other funds, except for Japan, for which Nomura provides ratings at the fund level. The performance data may have been different if all share classes had been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Percentage of active mutual fund and active ETF assets under management in funds ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartile (one, three, and five years): All quartile rankings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive these rankings are sourced from the fund rating providers. Quartile rankings are based on the net-of-fee absolute return of each fund. Where applicable, the fund rating providers redenominate asset values into U.S. dollars. The percentage of AUM is based on fund performance and associated peer rankings at the share class level for U.S.-domiciled funds, at a “primary share class” level to represent the quartile ranking for U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong funds and at the fund level for all other funds. The performance data may have been different if all share classes had been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
“Primary share class” means the C share class for European funds and Acc share class for Hong Kong and Taiwan funds. If these share classes are not available, the oldest share class is used as the primary share class.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Refer to the Market Risk Management section of Management’s discussion and analysis and pages 135–143 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Firm’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Refer to Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 for the Certifications furnished by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively.
The Firm is committed to maintaining high standards of internal control over financial reporting. Nevertheless, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Deficiencies or lapses in internal controls may occur from time to time, and there can be no assurance that any such deficiencies will not result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in internal control in the future and collateral consequences therefrom. Refer to “Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting” on page 162 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information. There was no change in the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting.
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Refer to the discussion of the Firm’s material legal proceedings in Note 24 of this Form 10-Q for information that updates the disclosures set forth under Part I, Item 3: Legal Proceedings, in JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Refer to Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 9-33 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and Forward-Looking Statements on page 82of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of certain risk factors affecting the Firm.
Supervision and regulation
Refer to the Supervision and regulation section on pages 4–8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for information on Supervision and Regulation.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Repurchases under the common share repurchase program
Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 38-43 of this Form 10-Q and pages 91-101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for information regarding repurchases under the Firm’s common share repurchase program.
Effective May 1, 2022, the Firm is authorized to purchase up to $30 billion under its common share repurchase program previously approved by the Board of Directors, which was announced on April 13, 2022.
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Shares repurchased pursuant to the common share repurchase program during the three months ended March 31, 2024 were as follows:
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Total number of shares of common stock repurchased
Average price paid per share of common stock(a)
Aggregate purchase price of common stock repurchases
(in millions)(a)
Dollar value of remaining authorized repurchase
(in millions)(a)(b)
January
6,196,815
$
170.78
$
1,058
$
18,677
February
4,878,425
178.52
871
17,806
March
4,794,696
191.76
920
16,886
First quarter
15,869,936
$
179.50
$
2,849
$
16,886
(a)Excludes excise tax and commissions. As part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, a 1% excise tax was imposed on net share repurchases effective January 1, 2023.
(b)Represents the amount remaining under the $30 billion repurchase program.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
Trading arrangements
The following table provides information concerning Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted in the first quarter of 2024 by any director or officer who is subject to the filing requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Section 16 Director or Officer"). These trading arrangements are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c). Certain of the Firm's Section 16 Directors or Officers may participate in employee stock purchase plans, 401(k) plans or dividend reinvestment plans of the Firm that have been designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1(c). No non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) were adopted by any Section 16 Director or Officer during the first quarter of 2024. Additionally, no Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements were terminated by any Section 16 Director or Officer in the first quarter of 2024.
Name
Title
Adoption date
Duration(b)
Aggregate number of shares to be sold
Ashley Bacon
Chief Risk Officer
February 7, 2024
February 7, 2024 – September 30, 2024
10,172
Lori Beer
Chief Information Officer
February 13, 2024
February 13, 2024 – September 30, 2024
5,298
Mary Erdoes
CEO, AWM
February 7, 2024
February 7, 2024 – June 28, 2024
15,895
Stacey Friedman
General Counsel
February 14, 2024
February 14, 2024 – September 30, 2024
8,830
Elena Korablina
Controller
February 1, 2024
February 1, 2024 – September 30, 2024
21,829
Marianne Lake(a)
CEO, CCB
February 13, 2024
February 13, 2024 – December 31, 2024
11,734
Robin Leopold
Head of Human Resources
February 9, 2024
February 9, 2024 – December 31, 2024
3,000
Doug Petno
Co-Head of Global Banking, CIB
February 12, 2024
February 12, 2024 – September 30, 2024
9,654
Jennifer Piepszak
Co-CEO, CIB
February 6, 2024
February 6, 2024 – December 31, 2024
8,831
Peter Scher
Vice Chairman
February 9, 2024
February 9, 2024 – September 30, 2024
4,973
(a)Transaction by trust of which Ms. Lake has either a direct or indirect pecuniary interest.
(b)Sales under the trading arrangement will not commence until completion of the required cooling off period under Rule 10b5-1. Subject to compliance with Rule 10b5-1, duration could cease earlier than the final date shown above to the extent that the aggregate number of shares to be sold under the trading arrangement have been sold.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101).
(a)Filed herewith.
(b)Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(c)Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, includes the following financial information included in the Firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) interactive data files: (i) the Consolidated statements of income (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, (ii) the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, (iii) the Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, (iv) the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, (v) the Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
