Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 1
Earnings Press Release
Invitation Homes Reports First Quarter 2021 Results
Dallas, TX, April 28, 2021 — Invitation Homes Inc. (NYSE: INVH) ("Invitation Homes" or the "Company"), the nation's premier single-family home leasing company, today announced its Q1 2021 financial and operating results.
First Quarter 2021 Highlights
•Year over year, total revenues increased 5.7% to $475 million, property operating and maintenance costs increased 0.9% to $168 million, net income available to common stockholders increased 14.9% to $57 million, and net income per diluted common share increased 9.8% to $0.10.
•Year over year, Core FFO per share increased 4.5% to $0.36, and AFFO per share increased 6.8% to $0.31.
•Same Store NOI grew 4.4% year over year on 2.2% Same Store Core revenue growth and a 2.2% decrease in Same Store Core operating expenses.
•Same Store average occupancy was 98.4%, up 170 basis points year over year.
•Same Store new lease rent growth of 7.9% and Same Store renewal rent growth of 4.4% drove Same Store blended rent growth of 5.4%, up 200 basis points year over year.
•Revenue collections were approximately 98% of the Company's historical average collection rate.
•Acquisitions totaled 696 homes for $233 million in Q1 2021. The Company also sold 265 homes for $81 million in Q1 2021.
•Subsequent to quarter end and as previously announced, the Company received investment grade ratings from Fitch Ratings, Inc. ("Fitch"), Standard & Poor's Rating Services ("S&P"), and Moody's Investor Services ("Moody's"). The Company was assigned ratings of 'BBB' with a Stable outlook from Fitch, 'BBB-' with a Stable outlook from S&P, and 'Baa3' with a Stable outlook from Moody's.
President & Chief Executive Officer Dallas Tanner comments:
"We are pleased to report a strong start to 2021 as we continue to see tremendous demand in our markets, evidenced by record high occupancy, retention rate and resident satisfaction scores, as well as accelerating blended rent growth. We believe these results also reflect the extraordinary service of our teams to provide high-quality homes and Genuine Care while prioritizing the health and safety of our residents. In these efforts, we're so proud to continue living out our mission statement, 'Together with you, we make a house a home,' and supporting the well-being of all of our stakeholders.
"Looking ahead, we continue to see multiple avenues through which we can drive growth and enhance risk-adjusted returns. We believe we are well-positioned as we start peak leasing season to capture strong market rent growth, while at the same time expanding our suite of value-add ancillary services for residents. We also remain focused on acquiring homes in a disciplined manner with respect to location, quality, and price, and we continue to see a path toward acquiring over $1 billion in homes this year.
"In consideration of our execution to date and the anticipated earn-in benefits of stronger leasing activity during the first quarter, we are increasing the midpoint of our full year 2021 Same Store NOI growth guidance by 75 basis points to 4.25%. In addition, we expect meaningful interest expense savings as a result of our recently-announced investment grade rating. As such, we are increasing the midpoint of our full year 2021 Core FFO and AFFO per share guidance by $0.03 to $1.38 and $1.17, respectively."
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 2
Financial Results
Net Income, FFO, Core FFO, and AFFO Per Share — Diluted
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Net income (1)
$
0.10
$
0.09
FFO (1)
0.32
0.31
Core FFO (2)
0.36
0.34
AFFO (2)
0.31
0.29
(1)In accordance with GAAP and Nareit guidelines, net income per share and FFO per share are calculated as if the 3.5% Convertible Notes due January 15, 2022 (the "2022 Convertible Notes") were converted to common shares at the beginning of each relevant period in 2020 and 2021, unless such treatment is anti-dilutive to net income per share or FFO per share. See "Reconciliation of FFO, Core FFO, and AFFO," footnote (1), for more detail on the treatment of convertible notes in each specific period presented in the table.
(2)Core FFO and AFFO per share reflect the 2022 Convertible Notes in the form in which they were outstanding during each period. See "Reconciliation of FFO, Core FFO, and AFFO," footnote (2), for more detail on the treatment of convertible notes in each specific period presented in the table.
Net Income
Net income per share in the first quarter of 2021 was $0.10, compared to net income per share of $0.09 in the first quarter of 2020. Total revenues and total property operating and maintenance expenses in the first quarter of 2021 were $475 million and $168 million, respectively, compared to $450 million and $167 million, respectively, in the first quarter of 2020.
Core FFO
Year over year, Core FFO per share in the first quarter of 2021 increased 4.5% to $0.36, primarily due to growth in Same Store NOI.
AFFO
Year over year, AFFO per share in the first quarter of 2021 increased 6.8% to $0.31, primarily due to the increase in Core FFO per share described above and lower recurring capital expenditures.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 3
Operating Results
Same Store Operating Results Snapshot
Number of homes in Same Store portfolio:
72,926
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Core revenue growth (year-over-year)
2.2
%
Core operating expense growth (year-over-year)
(2.2)
%
NOI growth (year-over-year)
4.4
%
Average occupancy
98.4
%
96.7
%
Bad debt % of gross rental revenues (1)
2.3
%
0.4
%
Turnover rate
5.3
%
6.3
%
Rental rate growth (lease-over-lease):
Renewals
4.4
%
4.2
%
New leases
7.9
%
1.8
%
Blended
5.4
%
3.4
%
(1)Invitation Homes reserves residents' accounts receivables balances that are aged greater than 30 days as bad debt, under the rationale that a resident's security deposit should cover approximately the first 30 days of receivables. For all resident receivables balances aged greater than 30 days, the amount reserved as bad debt is 100% of outstanding receivables from the resident, less the amount of the resident's security deposit on hand. For the purpose of determining age of receivables, charges are considered to be due based on the terms of the original lease, not based on a payment plan if one is in place. All rental revenues and other property income, in both total portfolio and Same Store portfolio presentations, are reflected net of bad debt.
Revenue Collections Update
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Q3 2020
Q2 2020
Pre-COVID Average (2)
Revenues collected % of revenues due: (1)
Revenues collected in same month billed
91
%
91
%
92
%
92
%
96
%
Late collections of prior month billings
6
%
5
%
5
%
4
%
3
%
Total collections
97
%
96
%
97
%
96
%
99
%
(1)Includes both rental revenues and other property income. Rent is considered to be due based on the terms of the original lease, not based on a payment plan if one is in place. Security deposits retained to offset rents due are not included as revenue collected. See "Same Store Operating Results Snapshot," footnote (1), for detail on the Company's bad debt policy.
(2)Represents the period from October 2019 to March 2020.
Same Store NOI
For the Same Store portfolio of 72,926 homes, first quarter 2021 Same Store NOI increased 4.4% year over year on Same Store Core revenue growth of 2.2% and a 2.2% decrease in Same Store Core operating expenses.
Same Store Core Revenues
First quarter 2021 Same Store Core revenue growth of 2.2% year over year was driven by a 3.5% increase in average monthly rent and a 170 basis point increase in average occupancy to 98.4%. As a result of the increases in average monthly rent and average occupancy, Same Store rental revenues increased 5.3% year over year on a gross basis before bad debt. With respect to Same Store Core revenue growth, two factors related to COVID-19 partially offset the favorable increases in average rent and average occupancy: 1) an increase in bad debt from 0.4% of gross rental revenues in Q1 2020 to 2.3% of gross rental revenues in Q1 2021, which was a 198 basis point drag on Same Store Core revenue growth, all else equal; and 2) a 27.0% decrease in
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 4
Other property income, net of resident recoveries, which was a 94 basis point drag on Same Store Core revenue growth, all else equal, due primarily to non-enforcement and non-collection of late fees in certain markets in the quarter.
Same Store Core Operating Expenses
First quarter 2021 Same Store Core operating expenses decreased 2.2% year over year, driven by a 10.9% decline in Same Store controllable expenses, net of resident recoveries, partially offset by a 3.4% increase in Property taxes.
Investment Management Activity
First quarter 2021 acquisitions totaled 696 homes for $233 million through multiple acquisition channels. This included 401 wholly owned acquisitions for $138 million, and 295 homes for $95 million through the Company's unconsolidated joint venture with Rockpoint Group (the "Rockpoint JV"). Invitation Homes owns 20% of the Rockpoint JV, which owned a total of 435 homes as of March 31, 2021.
Dispositions in the first quarter of 2021 totaled 248 wholly owned homes for gross proceeds of $75 million, and 17 homes for gross proceeds of $6 million through the Company's unconsolidated joint venture with Federal National Mortgage Association (the "FNMA JV").
Balance Sheet and Capital Markets Activity
As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $1,187 million in available liquidity through a combination of unrestricted cash and undrawn capacity on its revolving credit facility. The Company's total indebtedness as of March 31, 2021 was $8,070 million, consisting of $5,225 million of secured debt and $2,845 million of unsecured debt.
The Company has no debt reaching final maturity until December 2024, with the exception of $345 million of convertible notes maturing in January 2022. Net debt / TTM Adjusted EBITDAre as of March 31, 2021 was 7.1x, down from 7.3x as of December 31, 2020.
Subsequent to quarter end and as previously announced, the Company received investment grade ratings from Fitch, S&P and Moody's. The Company was assigned ratings of 'BBB' with a Stable outlook from Fitch, 'BBB-' with a Stable outlook from S&P, and 'Baa3' with a Stable outlook from Moody’s. As a result of these ratings, the Company realized an immediate interest rate spread benefit of 55 basis points on its $2.5 billion unsecured term loan, or approximately $14 million on an annualized run rate basis. In addition, the interest rate spread applicable to draws on the Company’s revolving credit facility improved by 70 basis points.
Dividend
As previously announced on April 23, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.17 per share of common stock. The dividend will be paid on or before May 28, 2021 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 11, 2021.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 5
FY 2021 Guidance Update
Revised FY 2021 Guidance
Revised
Previous
FY 2021
FY 2021
Guidance
Guidance
Core FFO per share — diluted
$1.34 - $1.42
$1.30 - $1.40
AFFO per share — diluted
$1.13 - $1.21
$1.09 - $1.19
Same Store Core revenue growth
3.75% - 4.75%
3.5% - 4.5%
Same Store Core operating expense growth
3.75% - 4.75%
4.5% - 5.5%
Same Store NOI growth
3.75% - 4.75%
3.0% - 4.0%
Note: The Company does not provide guidance for the most comparable GAAP financial measures of net income (loss), total revenues, and property operating and maintenance expense, or a reconciliation of the forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures of Core FFO per share, AFFO per share, Same Store Core revenue growth, Same Store Core operating expense growth, and Same Store NOI growth to the comparable GAAP financial measures because it is unable to reasonably predict certain items contained in the GAAP measures, including non-recurring and infrequent items that are not indicative of the Company's ongoing operations. Such items include, but are not limited to, impairment on depreciated real estate assets, net (gain)/loss on sale of previously depreciated real estate assets, share-based compensation, casualty loss, non-Same Store revenues, and non-Same Store operating expenses. These items are uncertain, depend on various factors, and could have a material impact on our GAAP results for the guidance period.
Earnings Conference Call Information
Invitation Homes has scheduled a conference call at 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time on April 29, 2021 to discuss results for the first quarter of 2021. The domestic dial-in number is 1-888-317-6003, and the international dial-in number is 1-412-317-6061. The passcode is 7778021. An audio webcast may be accessed at www.invh.com. A replay of the call will be available through May 29, 2021 and can be accessed by calling 1-877-344-7529 (domestic) or 1-412-317-0088 (international) and using the replay passcode 10153624, or by using the link at www.invh.com.
Supplemental Information
The full text of the Earnings Release and Supplemental Information referenced in this release are available on Invitation Homes' Investor Relations website at www.invh.com.
Glossary & Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial and Other Operating Measures
Financial and operating measures found in the Earnings Release and Supplemental Information include certain measures used by Invitation Homes management that are measures not defined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). These measures are defined herein and, as applicable, reconciled to the most comparable GAAP measures.
About Invitation Homes
Invitation Homes is the nation's premier single-family home leasing company, meeting changing lifestyle demands by providing access to high-quality, updated homes with valued features such as close proximity to jobs and access to good schools. The company's mission, "Together with you, we make a house a home," reflects its commitment to providing homes where individuals and families can thrive and high-touch service that continuously enhances residents' living experiences.
Investor Relations Contact
Scott McLaughlin Phone: 844.456.INVH (4684) Email: IR@InvitationHomes.com
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 6
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which include, but are not limited to, statements related to the Company's expectations regarding the performance of the Company's business, its financial results, its liquidity and capital resources, and other non-historical statements. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “outlook,” “guidance,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “projects,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including, among others, risks inherent to the single-family rental industry and the Company's business model, macroeconomic factors beyond the Company's control, competition in identifying and acquiring properties, competition in the leasing market for quality residents, increasing property taxes, homeowners’ association (“HOA”) and insurance costs, the Company's dependence on third parties for key services, risks related to the evaluation of properties, poor resident selection and defaults and non-renewals by the Company's residents, performance of the Company's information technology systems, risks related to the Company's indebtedness, and risks related to the potential negative impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, business, associates, and residents. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. Moreover, many of these factors have been heightened as a result of the ongoing and numerous adverse impacts of COVID-19. The Company believes these factors include, but are not limited to, those described under Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), as such factors may be updated from time to time in the Company's periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this release and in the Company's other periodic filings. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release, and the Company expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except to the extent otherwise required by law.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 7
Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ in thousands, except shares and per share data)
March 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
(unaudited)
Assets:
Investments in single-family residential properties, net
$
16,285,049
$
16,288,693
Cash and cash equivalents
187,310
213,422
Restricted cash
223,511
198,346
Goodwill
258,207
258,207
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
73,849
69,267
Other assets, net
462,493
478,287
Total assets
$
17,490,419
$
17,506,222
Liabilities:
Mortgage loans, net
$
4,808,085
$
4,820,098
Secured term loan, net
401,149
401,095
Term loan facility, net
2,472,718
2,470,907
Revolving facility
—
—
Convertible senior notes, net
340,730
339,404
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
180,423
149,299
Resident security deposits
160,205
157,936
Other liabilities
494,749
611,410
Total liabilities
8,858,059
8,950,149
Equity:
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 900,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020
—
—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 9,000,000,000 shares authorized, 567,650,434 and 567,117,666 outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively
5,677
5,671
Additional paid-in capital
9,705,122
9,707,258
Accumulated deficit
(700,728)
(661,162)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(429,958)
(546,942)
Total stockholders' equity
8,580,113
8,504,825
Non-controlling interests
52,247
51,248
Total equity
8,632,360
8,556,073
Total liabilities and equity
$
17,490,419
$
17,506,222
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 8
Consolidated Statements of Operations
($ in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
Revenues:
Rental revenues
$
438,133
$
414,466
Other property income
36,321
35,323
Joint venture management fees
771
—
Total revenues
475,225
449,789
Expenses:
Property operating and maintenance
168,373
166,916
Property management expense
15,842
14,372
General and administrative
16,950
14,228
Interest expense
83,406
84,757
Depreciation and amortization
144,501
135,027
Impairment and other
356
3,127
Total expenses
429,428
418,427
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments in equity securities
(3,140)
34
Other, net
230
3,680
Gain on sale of property, net of tax
14,484
15,200
Income from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
351
—
Net income
57,722
50,276
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
(355)
(320)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
57,367
49,956
Net income available to participating securities
(95)
(102)
Net income available to common stockholders — basic and diluted
$
57,272
$
49,854
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic
567,375,502
542,549,512
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted
568,826,104
543,904,420
Net income per common share — basic
$
0.10
$
0.09
Net income per common share — diluted
$
0.10
$
0.09
Dividends declared per common share
$
0.17
$
0.15
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 9
Supplemental Schedule 1
Reconciliation of FFO, Core FFO, and AFFO
($ in thousands, except shares and per share amounts) (unaudited)
FFO Reconciliation
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Net income available to common stockholders
$
57,272
$
49,854
Net income available to participating securities
95
102
Non-controlling interests
355
320
Depreciation and amortization on real estate assets
142,784
133,914
Impairment on depreciated real estate investments
431
2,471
Net gain on sale of previously depreciated investments in real estate
(14,484)
(15,200)
Depreciation and net gain on sale of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
(232)
—
FFO
$
186,221
$
171,461
Core FFO Reconciliation
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
FFO
$
186,221
$
171,461
Non-cash interest expense, including our share from unconsolidated joint ventures
8,618
10,391
Share-based compensation expense
5,814
4,101
Severance expense
114
—
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments in equity securities
3,140
(34)
Casualty (gains) losses, net
(75)
656
Core FFO
$
203,832
$
186,575
AFFO Reconciliation
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Core FFO
$
203,832
$
186,575
Recurring capital expenditures, including our share from unconsolidated joint ventures
(24,475)
(25,988)
Adjusted FFO
$
179,357
$
160,587
Net income available to common stockholders
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted (1)
568,826,104
543,904,420
Net income per common share — diluted (1)
$
0.10
$
0.09
FFO
Numerator for FFO per common share — diluted(1)
$
190,565
$
175,740
Weighted average common shares and OP Units outstanding — diluted (1)
587,813,663
562,886,872
FFO per share — diluted (1)
$
0.32
$
0.31
Core FFO and Adjusted FFO
Weighted average common shares and OP Units outstanding — diluted (2)
572,667,335
547,786,429
Core FFO per share — diluted (2)
$
0.36
$
0.34
AFFO per share — diluted (2)
$
0.31
$
0.29
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 10
(1)In accordance with GAAP and Nareit guidelines, net income per share and FFO per share are calculated as if the 2022 Convertible Notes were converted to common shares at the beginning of each relevant period in 2020 and 2021, unless such treatment is anti-dilutive to net income per share or FFO per share.
In Q1 2021 and Q1 2020, treatment of the 2022 Convertible Notes as if converted would be anti-dilutive to net income per share and dilutive to FFO per share. As such, Q1 2021 and Q1 2020 net income per share do not treat the 2022 Convertible Notes as converted. Q1 2021 and Q1 2020 FFO per share treat the 2022 Convertible Notes as if converted, thereby adjusting FFO in the numerator to remove the interest expense associated with the 2022 Convertible Notes and adjusting shares outstanding in the denominator to include shares issuable on conversion of the 2022 Convertible Notes.
(2)Core FFO and AFFO per share reflect the 2022 Convertible Notes in the form in which they were outstanding during each period.
As such, Q1 2021 and Q1 2020 Core FFO and AFFO per share do not treat the 2022 Convertible Notes as if converted.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 11
Supplemental Schedule 2(a)
Diluted Shares Outstanding
(unaudited)
Weighted Average Amounts for Net Income (1)
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Common shares — basic
567,375,502
542,549,512
Shares potentially issuable from vesting/conversion of equity-based awards
1,450,602
1,354,908
Total common shares — diluted
568,826,104
543,904,420
Weighted average amounts for FFO (1)
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Common shares — basic
567,375,502
542,549,512
OP units — basic
3,463,285
3,463,285
Shares potentially issuable from vesting/conversion of equity-based awards
1,828,548
1,773,632
Shares issuable from Convertible Notes
15,146,328
15,100,443
Total common shares and units — diluted
587,813,663
562,886,872
Weighted average amounts for Core and AFFO (2)
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Common shares — basic
567,375,502
542,549,512
OP units — basic
3,463,285
3,463,285
Shares potentially issuable from vesting/conversion of equity-based awards
1,828,548
1,773,632
Total common shares and units — diluted
572,667,335
547,786,429
Period end amounts for Core FFO, and AFFO
March 31, 2021
Common shares
567,650,434
OP units
3,463,285
Shares potentially issuable from vesting/conversion of equity-based awards
1,005,700
Total common shares and units — diluted
572,119,419
(1)In accordance with GAAP and Nareit guidelines, net income per share and FFO per share are calculated as if the 2022 Convertible Notes were converted to common shares at the beginning of each relevant period in 2020 and 2021, unless such treatment is anti-dilutive to net income per share or FFO per share. See "Supplemental Schedule 1," footnote (1), for more detail on the treatment of convertible notes in each specific period presented in the table.
(2)Core FFO and AFFO per share reflect the 2022 Convertible Notes in the form in which they were outstanding during each period. See "Supplemental Schedule 1," footnote (2), for more detail on the treatment of convertible notes in each specific period presented in the table.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 12
Supplemental Schedule 2(b)
Debt Structure and Leverage Ratios — March 31, 2021
($ in thousands) (unaudited)
Wtd Avg
Wtd Avg
Interest
Years
Debt Structure
Balance
% of Total
Rate (1)(2)
to Maturity (3)
Secured:
Fixed (4)
$
1,400,439
17.4
%
4.0
%
7.3
Floating — swapped to fixed
3,270,000
40.4
%
3.8
%
4.2
Floating
554,324
6.9
%
1.3
%
4.2
Total secured
5,224,763
64.7
%
3.6
%
5.1
Unsecured:
Fixed (Convertible)
345,000
4.3
%
3.5
%
0.8
Floating — swapped to fixed
2,500,000
31.0
%
3.9
%
4.8
Floating
—
—
%
—
%
—
Total unsecured
2,845,000
35.3
%
3.8
%
4.4
Total Debt:
Fixed + floating swapped to fixed (4)
7,515,439
93.1
%
3.9
%
4.9
Floating
554,324
6.9
%
1.3
%
4.2
Total debt
8,069,763
100.0
%
3.7
%
4.8
Unamortized discounts on notes payable
(6,471)
Deferred financing costs, net
(40,610)
Total Debt per Balance Sheet
8,022,682
Retained and repurchased certificates
(246,798)
Cash, ex-security deposits and letters of credit (5)
(247,041)
Deferred financing costs, net
40,610
Unamortized discounts on notes payable
6,471
Net debt
$
7,575,924
Leverage Ratios
March 31, 2021
Net debt / TTM Adjusted EBITDAre
7.1
x
Unsecured Facility Covenant Compliance (6)
March 31, 2021
Covenant Limit
Total leverage ratio
38.3
%
60%
(maximum)
Secured leverage ratio
24.4
%
45%
(maximum)
Unencumbered leverage ratio
24.8
%
60%
(maximum)
Fixed charge coverage ratio
3.6x
1.5x
(minimum)
Unsecured interest coverage ratio
5.9x
1.75x
(minimum)
(1)Includes the impact of interest rate swaps in place and effective as of March 31, 2021.
(2)The Company received investment grade ratings from Fitch, Moody's, and S&P in April 2021, triggering an immediate reduction in the interest rate spread applicable to its unsecured facility. Pro forma this spread reduction, the weighted average interest rate on Unsecured Floating — swapped to fixed rate debt at March 31, 2021 would have been 3.3%, and the weighted average interest rate on Total debt would have been 3.5%.
(3)Assumes all extension options are exercised.
(4)For the purposes of this table, IH 2019-1, a twelve-year secured term loan reaching final maturity in 2031 that bears interest at a fixed rate for the first 11 years and a floating rate in the twelfth year, is reflected as fixed rate debt.
(5)Represents cash and cash equivalents and the portion of restricted cash that excludes security deposits and letters of credit.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 13
(6)Covenant calculations are specifically defined in the Company's Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, and summarized in the "Glossary and Reconciliations" section of this report. For the purpose of calculating property value in applicable covenant metrics, properties owned for at least one year are valued by dividing NOI by a 6% capitalization rate (the market standard for residential loans), and properties owned for less than one year are valued at either their gross book value or by dividing NOI by a 6% capitalization rate.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 14
Supplemental Schedule 2(c)
Debt Maturity Schedule — March 31, 2021
($ in thousands) (unaudited)
Revolving
Secured
Unsecured
Credit
% of
Debt Maturities, with Extensions (1)
Debt
Debt
Facility
Balance
Total
2021
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
—
%
2022
—
345,000
—
345,000
4.3
%
2023
—
—
—
—
—
%
2024
610,862
—
—
610,862
7.5
%
2025
2,369,189
—
—
2,369,189
29.4
%
2026
844,273
2,500,000
—
3,344,273
41.4
%
2027
997,076
—
—
997,076
12.4
%
2028
—
—
—
—
—
%
2029
—
—
—
—
—
%
2030
—
—
—
—
—
%
Thereafter
403,363
—
—
403,363
5.0
%
5,224,763
2,845,000
—
8,069,763
100.0
%
Unamortized discounts on notes payable
(2,201)
(4,270)
—
(6,471)
Deferred financing costs, net
(13,328)
(27,282)
—
(40,610)
Total per Balance Sheet
$
5,209,234
$
2,813,448
$
—
$
8,022,682
(1)Assumes all extension options are exercised.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 15
Supplemental Schedule 2(d)
Cost to Maturity of Debt as of March 31, 2021
($ in thousands) (unaudited)
Percentage of Weighted Average Debt Outstanding by Type
Weighted Average Cost by Instrument Type (3)
Weighted Average
Issued
Issued
Total
Spread to
Fixed Cost
Total Debt
Amount of
Floating
Floating
Fixed
LIBOR
of
Including
Debt
and
but Swapped
Issued
or Swapped
For Floating
Interest Rate
Fixed Rate
Swap
Outstanding (1)
Not Swapped
to Fixed
Fixed (2)
to Fixed
Rate Debt
Swaps
Debt
Impact (4)
2Q21-4Q21
$
8,069,763
10.0
%
68.4
%
21.6
%
90.0
%
1.1
%
2.5
%
3.9
%
3.5
%
2022
7,738,940
14.9
%
66.8
%
18.3
%
85.1
%
1.1
%
2.7
%
4.0
%
3.5
%
2023
7,724,762
14.9
%
66.9
%
18.2
%
85.1
%
1.1
%
2.8
%
4.0
%
3.5
%
2024
7,688,044
15.4
%
66.4
%
18.2
%
84.6
%
1.1
%
2.8
%
4.0
%
3.5
%
2025
5,705,920
48.5
%
27.0
%
24.5
%
51.5
%
1.1
%
3.0
%
4.0
%
2.7
%
2026
1,633,585
14.3
%
—
%
85.7
%
85.7
%
1.0
%
N/A
4.0
%
3.6
%
2027
840,437
—
%
—
%
100.0
%
100.0
%
N/A
N/A
3.9
%
3.9
%
2028
403,363
—
%
—
%
100.0
%
100.0
%
N/A
N/A
3.6
%
3.6
%
(1)In each period, represents March 31, 2021 debt that remains outstanding assuming all debt is held until final maturity with all extension options exercised.
(2)For the purposes of this table, IH 2019-1, a twelve-year secured term loan reaching final maturity in 2031 that bears interest at a fixed rate for the first 11 years and a floating rate in the twelfth year, is reflected as fixed rate debt.
(3)The Company received investment grade ratings from Fitch, Moody's, and S&P in April 2021, triggering an immediate reduction in the interest rate spread applicable to its unsecured facility. Weighted average cost of debt in this table is presented pro forma this spread reduction.
(4)Assumes March 31, 2021 LIBOR rate of 0.11% for all future periods.
Note: Schedule 2(d) is presented to show the estimated overall cost of Invitation Homes' debt, based on debt and interest rate swaps in place as of March 31, 2021, as well as the rate for 30-day LIBOR as of March 31, 2021. New debt not presented in this table may be issued, and/or existing debt presented in this table may be repaid prior to maturity. Similarly, new interest rate swaps may be put in place. 30-day LIBOR may also change or be replaced by other alternative benchmark rates. The aforementioned activities may change the amount of outstanding debt, the percentage of debt floating, swapped, or fixed, and/or the weighted average cost of debt and hedging instruments from what is presented in Schedule 2(d).
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 16
Supplemental Schedule 3(a)
Summary of Operating Information by Home Portfolio
($ in thousands) (unaudited)
Number of Homes, period-end
Q1 2021
Total portfolio
80,330
Same Store portfolio
72,926
Same Store % of Total
90.8
%
Core Revenues
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Change YoY
Total portfolio
$
449,714
$
429,748
4.6
%
Same Store portfolio
412,442
403,636
2.2
%
Core Operating Expenses
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Change YoY
Total portfolio
$
143,633
$
146,875
(2.2)
%
Same Store portfolio
132,179
135,174
(2.2)
%
Net Operating Income
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Change YoY
Total portfolio
$
306,081
$
282,873
8.2
%
Same Store portfolio
280,263
268,462
4.4
%
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 17
Supplemental Schedule 3(b)
Same Store Portfolio Core Operating Detail
($ in thousands) (unaudited)
Change
Change
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
YoY
Q4 2020
Seq
Revenues:
Rental revenues (1)
$
402,228
$
389,647
3.2
%
$
397,483
1.2
%
Other property income, net (1)(2)(3)
10,214
13,989
(27.0)
%
9,182
11.2
%
Core revenues
412,442
403,636
2.2
%
406,665
1.4
%
Fixed Expenses:
Property taxes
71,889
69,525
3.4
%
70,863
1.4
%
Insurance expenses
7,973
7,898
0.9
%
7,781
2.5
%
HOA expenses
8,170
8,193
(0.3)
%
7,670
6.5
%
Controllable Expenses:
Repairs and maintenance, net (4)
16,540
18,387
(10.0)
%
18,986
(12.9)
%
Personnel
15,237
15,173
0.4
%
14,780
3.1
%
Turnover, net (4)
6,805
8,682
(21.6)
%
7,333
(7.2)
%
Utilities and property administrative, net (4)
2,941
4,331
(32.1)
%
2,918
0.8
%
Leasing and marketing
2,624
2,985
(12.1)
%
2,816
(6.8)
%
Core Property operating and maintenance expenses
132,179
135,174
(2.2)
%
133,147
(0.7)
%
Net Operating Income
$
280,263
$
268,462
4.4
%
$
273,518
2.5
%
(1)All rental revenues and other property income are reflected net of bad debt. Invitation Homes reserves residents' accounts receivables balances that are aged greater than 30 days as bad debt, under the rationale that a resident's security deposit should cover approximately the first 30 days of receivables. For all resident receivables balances aged greater than 30 days, the amount reserved as bad debt is 100% of outstanding receivables from the resident, less the amount of the resident's security deposit on hand. For the purpose of determining age of receivables, charges are considered to be due based on the terms of the original lease, not based on a payment plan if one is in place. Increases in bad debt against rental revenues were 198 basis point drag on year over year Same Store Core revenue growth in Q1 2021.
(2)In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, almost all late fees typically enforced in accordance with lease agreements were not enforced or collected since Q2 2020. Primarily due to this non-enforcement and non-collection of late fees in certain markets in the quarter, lower other property income, net, was a 94 basis point drag on year over year Same Store Core revenue growth in Q1 2021.
(3)Represents other property income net of all resident recoveries, which are reimbursements of charges for which residents are responsible. Same Store resident recoveries totaled $22,549, $18,935, and $22,109 for Q1 2021, Q1 2020, and Q4 2020, respectively.
(4)Expenses are presented net of applicable resident recoveries.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 18
Supplemental Schedule 3(c)
Same Store Quarterly Operating Trends
(unaudited)
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Q3 2020
Q2 2020
Q1 2020
Average occupancy
98.4
%
98.2
%
97.9
%
97.5
%
96.7
%
Turnover rate
5.3
%
5.6
%
7.4
%
7.0
%
6.3
%
Trailing four quarters turnover rate
25.3
%
26.3
%
N/A
N/A
N/A
Average monthly rent
$
1,915
$
1,899
$
1,881
$
1,868
$
1,851
Rental rate growth (lease-over-lease):
Renewals
4.4
%
3.8
%
3.2
%
3.5
%
4.2
%
New leases
7.9
%
6.8
%
5.6
%
2.7
%
1.8
%
Blended
5.4
%
4.8
%
4.0
%
3.2
%
3.4
%
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 19
Supplemental Schedule 4
Wholly Owned Portfolio Characteristics — As of and for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2021 (1)
(unaudited)
Average
Number of
Average
Average
Monthly
Percent of
Homes
Occupancy
Monthly Rent
Rent PSF
Revenue
Western United States:
Southern California
7,930
98.3
%
$
2,592
$
1.53
12.6
%
Northern California
4,235
98.7
%
2,264
1.46
6.2
%
Seattle
3,696
97.3
%
2,324
1.21
5.6
%
Phoenix
8,240
97.3
%
1,545
0.93
8.5
%
Las Vegas
3,010
97.8
%
1,756
0.88
3.5
%
Denver
2,372
94.7
%
2,158
1.18
3.3
%
Western US Subtotal
29,483
97.6
%
2,101
1.21
39.7
%
Florida:
South Florida
8,280
97.1
%
2,263
1.21
12.2
%
Tampa
8,217
97.1
%
1,753
0.94
9.6
%
Orlando
6,245
96.5
%
1,760
0.95
7.3
%
Jacksonville
1,872
98.2
%
1,764
0.89
2.2
%
Florida Subtotal
24,614
97.0
%
1,928
1.03
31.3
%
Southeast United States:
Atlanta
12,556
98.0
%
1,600
0.78
13.2
%
Carolinas
4,987
96.9
%
1,666
0.78
5.4
%
Southeast US Subtotal
17,543
97.7
%
1,619
0.78
18.6
%
Texas:
Houston
2,146
97.0
%
1,607
0.83
2.3
%
Dallas
2,808
94.3
%
1,849
0.90
3.3
%
Texas Subtotal
4,954
95.5
%
1,742
0.87
5.6
%
Midwest United States:
Chicago
2,604
98.2
%
2,018
1.25
3.4
%
Minneapolis
1,125
97.8
%
1,970
1.00
1.4
%
Midwest US Subtotal
3,729
98.1
%
2,004
1.16
4.8
%
Announced Market-in-Exit:
Nashville (2)
7
43.2
%
2,466
0.88
—
%
Total / Average
80,330
97.3
%
$
1,916
$
1.03
100.0
%
Same Store Total / Average
72,926
98.4
%
$
1,915
$
1.03
91.7
%
(1)All data is for the total wholly owned portfolio, unless otherwise noted.
(2)In December 2019, Invitation Homes announced a plan to fully exit the Nashville market, and sold 708 homes in Nashville in a bulk transaction. The Company is pursuing the sale of the remaining seven homes in the market as of March 31, 2021.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 20
Supplemental Schedule 5(a)
Same Store Core Revenue Growth Summary — YoY Quarter
($ in thousands, except avg. monthly rent) (unaudited)
Avg. Monthly Rent
Average Occupancy
Core Revenue
YoY, Q1 2021
# Homes
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Change
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Change
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Change
Western United States:
Southern California
7,636
$
2,592
$
2,484
4.3
%
98.9
%
97.0
%
1.9
%
$
55,263
$
56,056
(1.4)
%
Northern California
3,878
2,250
2,154
4.5
%
99.1
%
97.7
%
1.4
%
25,083
25,057
0.1
%
Seattle
3,269
2,308
2,269
1.7
%
98.7
%
96.7
%
2.0
%
21,827
22,152
(1.5)
%
Phoenix
7,140
1,514
1,423
6.4
%
98.7
%
97.4
%
1.3
%
33,008
31,247
5.6
%
Las Vegas
2,435
1,749
1,658
5.5
%
98.5
%
97.6
%
0.9
%
12,566
12,242
2.6
%
Denver
1,823
2,115
2,038
3.8
%
97.6
%
97.0
%
0.6
%
11,596
11,245
3.1
%
Western US Subtotal
26,181
2,101
2,010
4.5
%
98.7
%
97.2
%
1.5
%
159,343
157,999
0.9
%
Florida:
South Florida
7,903
2,274
2,225
2.2
%
97.7
%
96.5
%
1.2
%
53,419
52,119
2.5
%
Tampa
7,721
1,749
1,701
2.8
%
98.1
%
96.3
%
1.8
%
40,810
39,537
3.2
%
Orlando
5,636
1,746
1,691
3.3
%
97.8
%
96.6
%
1.2
%
29,812
28,787
3.6
%
Jacksonville
1,840
1,762
1,705
3.3
%
98.8
%
96.4
%
2.4
%
9,942
9,452
5.2
%
Florida Subtotal
23,100
1,929
1,878
2.7
%
98.0
%
96.4
%
1.6
%
133,983
129,895
3.1
%
Southeast United States:
Atlanta
11,596
1,596
1,538
3.8
%
98.4
%
96.1
%
2.3
%
55,058
52,927
4.0
%
Carolinas
4,482
1,655
1,608
2.9
%
98.4
%
96.7
%
1.7
%
22,312
21,673
2.9
%
Southeast US Subtotal
16,078
1,613
1,557
3.6
%
98.4
%
96.3
%
2.1
%
77,370
74,600
3.7
%
Texas:
Houston
1,897
1,607
1,572
2.2
%
97.8
%
96.0
%
1.8
%
9,064
8,864
2.3
%
Dallas
1,970
1,866
1,822
2.4
%
98.0
%
95.5
%
2.5
%
10,890
10,699
1.8
%
Texas Subtotal
3,867
1,739
1,699
2.4
%
97.9
%
95.8
%
2.1
%
19,954
19,563
2.0
%
Midwest United States:
Chicago
2,577
2,020
1,998
1.1
%
98.8
%
96.9
%
1.9
%
15,230
15,220
0.1
%
Minneapolis
1,123
1,970
1,912
3.0
%
98.0
%
96.0
%
2.0
%
6,562
6,359
3.2
%
Midwest US Subtotal
3,700
2,005
1,972
1.7
%
98.6
%
96.6
%
2.0
%
21,792
21,579
1.0
%
Same Store Total / Average
72,926
$
1,915
$
1,851
3.5
%
98.4
%
96.7
%
1.7
%
$
412,442
$
403,636
2.2
%
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 21
Supplemental Schedule 5(a) (Continued)
Same Store Core Revenue Growth Summary — Sequential Quarter
($ in thousands, except avg. monthly rent) (unaudited)
Avg. Monthly Rent
Average Occupancy
Core Revenue
Seq, Q1 2021
# Homes
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Change
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Change
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Change
Western United States:
Southern California
7,636
$
2,592
$
2,565
1.1
%
98.9
%
98.6
%
0.3
%
$
55,263
$
54,892
0.7
%
Northern California
3,878
2,250
2,226
1.1
%
99.1
%
98.9
%
0.2
%
25,083
24,748
1.4
%
Seattle
3,269
2,308
2,309
—
%
98.7
%
98.5
%
0.2
%
21,827
22,053
(1.0)
%
Phoenix
7,140
1,514
1,488
1.7
%
98.7
%
98.3
%
0.4
%
33,008
32,095
2.8
%
Las Vegas
2,435
1,749
1,725
1.4
%
98.5
%
98.5
%
—
%
12,566
12,446
1.0
%
Denver
1,823
2,115
2,102
0.6
%
97.6
%
97.4
%
0.2
%
11,596
11,297
2.6
%
Western US Subtotal
26,181
2,101
2,079
1.1
%
98.7
%
98.5
%
0.2
%
159,343
157,531
1.2
%
Florida:
South Florida
7,903
2,274
2,259
0.7
%
97.7
%
97.4
%
0.3
%
53,419
52,459
1.8
%
Tampa
7,721
1,749
1,737
0.7
%
98.1
%
97.9
%
0.2
%
40,810
39,917
2.2
%
Orlando
5,636
1,746
1,734
0.7
%
97.8
%
97.6
%
0.2
%
29,812
29,306
1.7
%
Jacksonville
1,840
1,762
1,749
0.7
%
98.8
%
98.3
%
0.5
%
9,942
9,800
1.4
%
Florida Subtotal
23,100
1,929
1,915
0.7
%
98.0
%
97.7
%
0.3
%
133,983
131,482
1.9
%
Southeast United States:
Atlanta
11,596
1,596
1,581
0.9
%
98.4
%
98.1
%
0.3
%
55,058
54,142
1.7
%
Carolinas
4,482
1,655
1,645
0.6
%
98.4
%
98.5
%
(0.1)
%
22,312
22,034
1.3
%
Southeast US Subtotal
16,078
1,613
1,599
0.9
%
98.4
%
98.2
%
0.2
%
77,370
76,176
1.6
%
Texas:
Houston
1,897
1,607
1,600
0.4
%
97.8
%
97.7
%
0.1
%
9,064
9,060
—
%
Dallas
1,970
1,866
1,855
0.6
%
98.0
%
98.1
%
(0.1)
%
10,890
10,876
0.1
%
Texas Subtotal
3,867
1,739
1,730
0.5
%
97.9
%
97.9
%
—
%
19,954
19,936
0.1
%
Midwest United States:
Chicago
2,577
2,020
2,016
0.2
%
98.8
%
98.8
%
—
%
15,230
15,041
1.3
%
Minneapolis
1,123
1,970
1,962
0.4
%
98.0
%
98.3
%
(0.3)
%
6,562
6,499
1.0
%
Midwest US Subtotal
3,700
2,005
1,999
0.3
%
98.6
%
98.6
%
—
%
21,792
21,540
1.2
%
Same Store Total / Average
72,926
$
1,915
$
1,899
0.8
%
98.4
%
98.2
%
0.2
%
$
412,442
$
406,665
1.4
%
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 22
Supplemental Schedule 5(b)
Same Store NOI Growth and Margin Summary — YoY Quarter
($ in thousands) (unaudited)
Core Revenue
Core Operating Expenses
Net Operating Income
Core NOI Margin
YoY, Q1 2021
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Change
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Change
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Change
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Western United States:
Southern California
$
55,263
$
56,056
(1.4)
%
$
16,947
$
17,556
(3.5)
%
$
38,316
$
38,500
(0.5)
%
69.3
%
68.7
%
Northern California
25,083
25,057
0.1
%
6,978
7,235
(3.6)
%
18,105
17,822
1.6
%
72.2
%
71.1
%
Seattle
21,827
22,152
(1.5)
%
6,093
5,861
4.0
%
15,734
16,291
(3.4)
%
72.1
%
73.5
%
Phoenix
33,008
31,247
5.6
%
7,256
7,819
(7.2)
%
25,752
23,428
9.9
%
78.0
%
75.0
%
Las Vegas
12,566
12,242
2.6
%
2,776
2,840
(2.3)
%
9,790
9,402
4.1
%
77.9
%
76.8
%
Denver
11,596
11,245
3.1
%
2,288
2,132
7.3
%
9,308
9,113
2.1
%
80.3
%
81.0
%
Western US Subtotal
159,343
157,999
0.9
%
42,338
43,443
(2.5)
%
117,005
114,556
2.1
%
73.4
%
72.5
%
Florida:
South Florida
53,419
52,119
2.5
%
21,888
22,091
(0.9)
%
31,531
30,028
5.0
%
59.0
%
57.6
%
Tampa
40,810
39,537
3.2
%
15,340
15,122
1.4
%
25,470
24,415
4.3
%
62.4
%
61.8
%
Orlando
29,812
28,787
3.6
%
10,018
10,299
(2.7)
%
19,794
18,488
7.1
%
66.4
%
64.2
%
Jacksonville
9,942
9,452
5.2
%
3,342
3,377
(1.0)
%
6,600
6,075
8.6
%
66.4
%
64.3
%
Florida Subtotal
133,983
129,895
3.1
%
50,588
50,889
(0.6)
%
83,395
79,006
5.6
%
62.2
%
60.8
%
Southeast United States:
Atlanta
55,058
52,927
4.0
%
16,598
17,251
(3.8)
%
38,460
35,676
7.8
%
69.9
%
67.4
%
Carolinas
22,312
21,673
2.9
%
6,005
6,214
(3.4)
%
16,307
15,459
5.5
%
73.1
%
71.3
%
Southeast US Subtotal
77,370
74,600
3.7
%
22,603
23,465
(3.7)
%
54,767
51,135
7.1
%
70.8
%
68.5
%
Texas:
Houston
9,064
8,864
2.3
%
4,116
4,061
1.4
%
4,948
4,803
3.0
%
54.6
%
54.2
%
Dallas
10,890
10,699
1.8
%
3,911
4,352
(10.1)
%
6,979
6,347
10.0
%
64.1
%
59.3
%
Texas Subtotal
19,954
19,563
2.0
%
8,027
8,413
(4.6)
%
11,927
11,150
7.0
%
59.8
%
57.0
%
Midwest United States:
Chicago
15,230
15,220
0.1
%
6,671
6,895
(3.2)
%
8,559
8,325
2.8
%
56.2
%
54.7
%
Minneapolis
6,562
6,359
3.2
%
1,952
2,069
(5.7)
%
4,610
4,290
7.5
%
70.3
%
67.5
%
Midwest US Subtotal
21,792
21,579
1.0
%
8,623
8,964
(3.8)
%
13,169
12,615
4.4
%
60.4
%
58.5
%
Same Store Total / Average
$
412,442
$
403,636
2.2
%
$
132,179
$
135,174
(2.2)
%
$
280,263
$
268,462
4.4
%
68.0
%
66.5
%
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 23
Supplemental Schedule 5(b) (Continued)
Same Store NOI Growth and Margin Summary — Sequential Quarter
($ in thousands) (unaudited)
Core Revenue
Core Operating Expenses
Net Operating Income
Core NOI Margin
Seq, Q1 2021
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Change
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Change
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Change
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Western United States:
Southern California
$
55,263
$
54,892
0.7
%
$
16,947
$
17,419
(2.7)
%
$
38,316
$
37,473
2.2
%
69.3
%
68.3
%
Northern California
25,083
24,748
1.4
%
6,978
7,024
(0.7)
%
18,105
17,724
2.1
%
72.2
%
71.6
%
Seattle
21,827
22,053
(1.0)
%
6,093
6,037
0.9
%
15,734
16,016
(1.8)
%
72.1
%
72.6
%
Phoenix
33,008
32,095
2.8
%
7,256
6,874
5.6
%
25,752
25,221
2.1
%
78.0
%
78.6
%
Las Vegas
12,566
12,446
1.0
%
2,776
2,829
(1.9)
%
9,790
9,617
1.8
%
77.9
%
77.3
%
Denver
11,596
11,297
2.6
%
2,288
2,269
0.8
%
9,308
9,028
3.1
%
80.3
%
79.9
%
Western US Subtotal
159,343
157,531
1.2
%
42,338
42,452
(0.3)
%
117,005
115,079
1.7
%
73.4
%
73.1
%
Florida:
South Florida
53,419
52,459
1.8
%
21,888
21,597
1.3
%
31,531
30,862
2.2
%
59.0
%
58.8
%
Tampa
40,810
39,917
2.2
%
15,340
15,039
2.0
%
25,470
24,878
2.4
%
62.4
%
62.3
%
Orlando
29,812
29,306
1.7
%
10,018
10,104
(0.9)
%
19,794
19,202
3.1
%
66.4
%
65.5
%
Jacksonville
9,942
9,800
1.4
%
3,342
3,203
4.3
%
6,600
6,597
—
%
66.4
%
67.3
%
Florida Subtotal
133,983
131,482
1.9
%
50,588
49,943
1.3
%
83,395
81,539
2.3
%
62.2
%
62.0
%
Southeast United States:
Atlanta
55,058
54,142
1.7
%
16,598
18,050
(8.0)
%
38,460
36,092
6.6
%
69.9
%
66.7
%
Carolinas
22,312
22,034
1.3
%
6,005
5,716
5.1
%
16,307
16,318
(0.1)
%
73.1
%
74.1
%
Southeast US Subtotal
77,370
76,176
1.6
%
22,603
23,766
(4.9)
%
54,767
52,410
4.5
%
70.8
%
68.8
%
Texas:
Houston
9,064
9,060
—
%
4,116
4,157
(1.0)
%
4,948
4,903
0.9
%
54.6
%
54.1
%
Dallas
10,890
10,876
0.1
%
3,911
4,071
(3.9)
%
6,979
6,805
2.6
%
64.1
%
62.6
%
Texas Subtotal
19,954
19,936
0.1
%
8,027
8,228
(2.4)
%
11,927
11,708
1.9
%
59.8
%
58.7
%
Midwest United States:
Chicago
15,230
15,041
1.3
%
6,671
6,799
(1.9)
%
8,559
8,242
3.8
%
56.2
%
54.8
%
Minneapolis
6,562
6,499
1.0
%
1,952
1,959
(0.4)
%
4,610
4,540
1.5
%
70.3
%
69.9
%
Midwest US Subtotal
21,792
21,540
1.2
%
8,623
8,758
(1.5)
%
13,169
12,782
3.0
%
60.4
%
59.3
%
Same Store Total / Average
$
412,442
$
406,665
1.4
%
$
132,179
$
133,147
(0.7)
%
$
280,263
$
273,518
2.5
%
68.0
%
67.3
%
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 24
Supplemental Schedule 5(c)
Same Store Lease-Over-Lease Rent Growth
(unaudited)
Rental Rate Growth
Q1 2021
Renewal
New
Blended
Leases
Leases
Average
Western United States:
Southern California
5.2
%
8.5
%
6.1
%
Northern California
5.0
%
8.4
%
5.8
%
Seattle
0.5
%
10.6
%
3.4
%
Phoenix
7.1
%
14.9
%
9.2
%
Las Vegas
7.2
%
12.1
%
8.8
%
Denver
4.5
%
5.7
%
4.9
%
Western US Subtotal
5.0
%
10.3
%
6.5
%
Florida:
South Florida
4.3
%
4.6
%
4.4
%
Tampa
3.7
%
6.3
%
4.6
%
Orlando
3.7
%
6.0
%
4.5
%
Jacksonville
3.4
%
7.7
%
4.8
%
Florida Subtotal
3.9
%
5.7
%
4.5
%
Southeast United States:
Atlanta
4.4
%
11.6
%
6.4
%
Carolinas
4.4
%
6.3
%
5.0
%
Southeast US Subtotal
4.4
%
9.9
%
6.0
%
Texas:
Houston
3.2
%
3.4
%
3.2
%
Dallas
4.3
%
5.0
%
4.5
%
Texas Subtotal
3.7
%
4.4
%
3.9
%
Midwest United States:
Chicago
2.7
%
2.1
%
2.6
%
Minneapolis
4.6
%
4.0
%
4.5
%
Midwest US Subtotal
3.2
%
2.7
%
3.1
%
Same Store Total / Average
4.4
%
7.9
%
5.4
%
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 25
Supplemental Schedule 6
Same Store Cost to Maintain, net (1)
($ in thousands, except per home amounts) (unaudited)
Total ($ 000)
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Q3 2020
Q2 2020
Q1 2020
R&M OpEx, net
$
16,540
$
18,986
$
24,606
$
18,953
$
18,387
Turn OpEx, net
6,805
7,333
9,223
7,946
8,682
Total recurring operating expenses, net
$
23,345
$
26,319
$
33,829
$
26,899
$
27,069
R&M CapEx
$
16,746
$
20,419
$
24,267
$
19,445
$
18,443
Turn CapEx
5,927
5,806
6,957
6,326
6,095
Total recurring capital expenditures
$
22,673
$
26,225
$
31,224
$
25,771
$
24,538
R&M OpEx, net + R&M CapEx
$
33,286
$
39,405
$
48,873
$
38,398
$
36,830
Turn OpEx, net + Turn CapEx
12,732
13,139
16,180
14,272
14,777
Total cost to maintain, net
$
46,018
$
52,544
$
65,053
$
52,670
$
51,607
Per Home ($)
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Q3 2020
Q2 2020
Q1 2020
Total cost to maintain, net
$
631
$
721
$
892
$
722
$
708
(1)Recurring R&M OpEx and Turn OpEx are presented net of applicable resident recoveries.
Total Wholly Owned Portfolio Capital Expenditure Detail
($ in thousands) (unaudited)
Total ($ 000)
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Q3 2020
Q2 2020
Q1 2020
Recurring CapEx
$
24,454
$
28,485
$
33,861
$
27,617
$
25,988
Value Enhancing CapEx
8,945
10,459
10,286
10,611
10,165
Initial Renovation CapEx
19,320
28,539
13,385
21,023
30,149
Disposition CapEx
1,748
1,746
1,748
2,877
3,706
Total Capital Expenditures
$
54,467
$
69,229
$
59,280
$
62,128
$
70,008
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 26
Supplemental Schedule 7
Adjusted Property Management and G&A Reconciliation
($ in thousands) (unaudited)
Adjusted Property Management Expense
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Property management expense (GAAP)
$
15,842
$
14,372
Adjustments:
Share-based compensation expense
(1,174)
(833)
Adjusted property management expense
$
14,668
$
13,539
Adjusted G&A Expense
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
G&A expense (GAAP)
$
16,950
$
14,228
Adjustments:
Share-based compensation expense
(4,640)
(3,268)
Severance expense
(114)
—
Adjusted G&A expense
$
12,196
$
10,960
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 27
Supplemental Schedule 8
Acquisitions and Dispositions — Q1 2021
(unaudited)
12/31/2020
Q1 2021 Acquisitions (1)
Q1 2021 Dispositions (2)
3/31/2021
Homes
Homes
Avg. Estimated
Homes
Average
Homes
Owned
Acq.
Cost Basis
Sold
Sales Price
Owned
Wholly Owned Portfolio
Western United States:
Southern California
7,951
1
$
627,650
22
$
600,136
7,930
Northern California
4,247
1
475,444
13
424,635
4,235
Seattle
3,669
32
460,075
5
500,400
3,696
Phoenix
8,172
80
382,323
12
223,591
8,240
Las Vegas
3,006
6
369,215
2
293,500
3,010
Denver
2,348
36
447,778
12
327,867
2,372
Western US Subtotal
29,393
156
415,043
66
430,754
29,483
Florida:
South Florida
8,324
7
270,621
51
311,878
8,280
Tampa
8,192
50
302,083
25
226,938
8,217
Orlando
6,217
44
320,757
16
184,161
6,245
Jacksonville
1,868
5
310,717
1
283,000
1,872
Florida Subtotal
24,601
106
308,164
93
266,761
24,614
Southeast United States:
Atlanta
12,555
22
287,197
21
235,215
12,556
Carolinas
4,934
60
301,762
7
279,400
4,987
Southeast US Subtotal
17,489
82
297,854
28
246,261
17,543
Texas:
Houston
2,155
1
243,501
10
190,982
2,146
Dallas
2,767
56
289,187
15
197,010
2,808
Texas Subtotal
4,922
57
288,385
25
194,599
4,954
Midwest United States:
Chicago
2,630
—
—
26
247,992
2,604
Minneapolis
1,126
—
—
1
350,000
1,125
Midwest US Subtotal
3,756
—
—
27
251,770
3,729
Announced Market-in-Exit:
Nashville (3)
16
—
—
9
365,499
7
Total / Average
80,177
401
$
344,823
248
$
302,767
80,330
Joint Venture Portfolio
Rockpoint Joint Venture (4)
140
295
$
319,762
—
$
—
435
FNMA Joint Venture (5)
571
—
—
17
$
376,198
554
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 28
(1)Estimated stabilized cap rates on wholly owned acquisitions during the quarter averaged 5.4%. Stabilized cap rate represents forecast nominal NOI for the 12 months following stabilization, divided by estimated cost basis.
(2)Cap rates on wholly owned dispositions during the quarter averaged 1.9%. Disposition cap rate represents actual NOI recognized in the 12 months prior to the month of disposition, divided by sales price.
(3)In December 2019, Invitation Homes announced a plan to fully exit the Nashville market, and sold 708 homes in Nashville in a bulk transaction. The Company is pursuing the sale of the remaining seven homes in the market as of March 31, 2021.
(4)Represents portfolio in the Company's unconsolidated joint venture with Rockpoint Group, of which Invitation Homes owns 20%.
(5)Represents portfolio in the Company's unconsolidated joint venture with Federal National Mortgage Association, of which Invitation Homes owns 10%.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 29
Glossary and Reconciliations
Average Estimated Cost Basis
Average estimated cost basis on acquisition represents the sum of purchase price, any closing adjustments, and estimated initial renovation expenditure for an acquired home or population of homes.
Average Monthly Rent
Average monthly rent represents average monthly rental income per home for occupied properties in an identified population of homes over the measurement period, and reflects the impact of non-service rental concessions and contractual rent increases amortized over the life of the lease.
Average Occupancy
Average occupancy for an identified population of homes represents (i) the total number of days that the homes in such population were occupied during the measurement period, divided by (ii) the total number of days that the homes in such population were owned during the measurement period.
Core NOI Margin
Core NOI margin for an identified population of homes is calculated by dividing NOI by Core revenues attributable to such population.
Core Operating Expenses
Core operating expenses for an identified population of homes reflect property operating and maintenance expenses, excluding any expenses recovered from residents.
Core Revenues
Core revenues for an identified population of homes reflects total revenues, net of any resident recoveries.
Cost to Maintain, net
Cost to maintain, net a home represents the sum of the expensed and capitalized portions of recurring repairs & maintenance and turn spend, net of resident reimbursements, as indicated in tables presented, not including the internal labor associated with such work.
Disposition CapEx
Disposition CapEx represents expenditures related to the preparation of a home for disposition after the prior tenant has moved out of the home.
EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre
EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre are supplemental, non-GAAP measures often utilized to evaluate the performance of real estate companies. We define EBITDA as net income or loss computed in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) before the following items: interest expense; income tax expense; depreciation and amortization; and adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures. National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("Nareit") recommends as a best practice that REITs that report an EBITDA performance measure also report EBITDAre. We define EBITDAre, consistent with the Nareit definition, as EBITDA, further adjusted for gain on sale of property, net of tax and impairment on depreciated real estate investments. Adjusted EBITDAre is defined as EBITDAre before the following items: share-based compensation expense; severance; casualty (gains) losses, net; unrealized (gains) losses on investments in equity securities; and other income and expenses. EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre are used as supplemental financial performance measures by management and by external users of our financial statements, such as investors and commercial banks. Set forth below is additional detail on how management uses EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre as measures of performance.
The GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre is net income or loss. EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre are not used as measures of our liquidity and should not be considered alternatives to net income
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 30
or loss or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP. Our EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre may not be comparable to the EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre of other companies due to the fact that not all companies use the same definitions of EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our basis for computing these non-GAAP measures is comparable with that of other companies. See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures" below for a reconciliation of GAAP net income to EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre.
Funds from Operations (FFO), Core Funds from Operations (Core FFO), and Adjusted Funds from Operations (AFFO)
FFO, Core FFO, and Adjusted FFO are supplemental, non-GAAP measures often utilized to evaluate the performance of real estate companies. FFO is defined by Nareit as net income or loss (computed in accordance with GAAP) excluding gains or losses from sales of previously depreciated real estate assets, plus depreciation, amortization and impairment of real estate assets, and adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures. In calculating per share amounts, Core FFO and AFFO reflect convertible debt securities in the form in which they were outstanding during the period.
We believe that FFO is a meaningful supplemental measure of the operating performance of our business because historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time, as reflected through depreciation and amortization. Because real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, management considers FFO an appropriate supplemental performance measure as it excludes historical cost depreciation and amortization, impairment on depreciated real estate investments, gains or losses related to sales of previously depreciated homes, as well non-controlling interests, from GAAP net income or loss.
The GAAP measure most directly comparable to Core FFO and Adjusted FFO is net income or loss. Core FFO and Adjusted FFO are not used as measures of our liquidity and should not be considered alternatives to net income or loss or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP. Our Core FFO and Adjusted FFO may not be comparable to the Core FFO and Adjusted FFO of other companies due to the fact that not all companies use the same definition of Core FFO and Adjusted FFO. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our basis for computing this non-GAAP measures is comparable with that of other companies. See "Reconciliation of FFO, Core FFO, and Adjusted FFO" for a reconciliation of GAAP net income to FFO, Core FFO, and Adjusted FFO.
Initial Renovation CapEx
Initial renovation CapEx represents expenditures related to the first post-acquisition renovation of a home to bring the home to Invitation Homes standards and specifications.
Net Operating Income (NOI)
NOI is a non-GAAP measure often used to evaluate the performance of real estate companies. We define NOI for an identified population of homes as rental revenues and other property income less property operating and maintenance expense (which consists primarily of property taxes, insurance, HOA fees (when applicable), market-level personnel expenses, repairs and maintenance, leasing costs, and marketing expense). NOI excludes: interest expense; depreciation and amortization; property management expense; general and administrative expense; impairment and other; gain on sale of property, net of tax; unrealized gains (losses) on investments in equity securities; other income and expenses; joint venture management fees; and income from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures.
The GAAP measure most directly comparable to NOI is net income or loss. NOI is not used as a measure of liquidity and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or loss or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP. Our NOI may not be comparable to the NOI of other companies due to the fact that not all companies use the same definition of NOI. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our basis for computing this non-GAAP measure is comparable with that of other companies.
We believe that Same Store NOI is also a meaningful supplemental measure of our operating performance for the same reasons as NOI and is further helpful to investors as it provides a more consistent measurement of our performance across reporting periods by reflecting NOI for homes in our Same Store portfolio.
See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures" below for a reconciliation of GAAP net income to NOI for our total portfolio and NOI for our Same Store portfolio.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 31
PSF
PSF means per square foot.
Recurring Capital Expenditures or Recurring CapEx
Recurring Capital Expenditures or Recurring CapEx represents general replacements and expenditures required to preserve and maintain the value and functionality of a home and its systems as a single-family rental.
Rental Rate Growth
Rental rate growth for any home represents the percentage difference between the monthly rent from an expiring lease and the monthly rent from the next lease, and, in each case, reflects the impact of any amortized non-service rent concessions and amortized contractual rent increases. Leases are either renewal leases, where our current resident chooses to stay for a subsequent lease term, or a new lease, where our previous resident moves out and a new resident signs a lease to occupy the same home.
Revenue Collections as a Percentage of Billings
Revenue collections as a percentage of billings represents the total cash received in a given period for rental revenues and other property income (including receipt of late payments that were billed in prior months) divided by the total amounts billed in that period. When a payment plan is in place with a resident, amounts are considered to be billed at the time they would have been billed based on the terms of the original lease, not the terms of the payment plan. "Historical average" revenue collections as a percentage of billings refer to revenue collections as a percentage of billings for the period from October 2019 through and including March 2020.
Same Store / Same Store Portfolio
Same Store or Same Store portfolio includes, for a given reporting period, wholly owned homes that have been stabilized and seasoned, excluding homes that have been sold, homes that have been identified for sale to an owner occupant and have become vacant, homes that have been deemed inoperable or significantly impaired by casualty loss events or force majeure, homes acquired in portfolio transactions that are deemed not to have undergone renovations of sufficiently similar quality and characteristics as the existing Invitation Homes Same Store portfolio, and homes in markets that the Company has announced an intent to exit where the Company no longer operates a significant number of homes.
Homes are considered stabilized if they have (i) completed an initial renovation and (ii) entered into at least one post-initial renovation lease. An acquired portfolio that is both leased and deemed to be of sufficiently similar quality and characteristics as the existing Invitation Homes Same Store portfolio may be considered stabilized at the time of acquisition.
Homes are considered to be seasoned once they have been stabilized for at least 15 months prior to January 1st of the year in which the Same Store portfolio was established.
We believe presenting information about the portion of our portfolio that has been fully operational for the entirety of a given reporting period and its prior year comparison period provides investors with meaningful information about the performance of our comparable homes across periods and about trends in our organic business.
Total Homes / Total Portfolio
Total homes or total portfolio refers to the total number of homes owned, whether or not stabilized, and excludes any properties previously acquired in purchases that have been subsequently rescinded or vacated. Unless otherwise indicated, total homes or total portfolio refers to the wholly owned homes and excludes homes owned in joint ventures.
Turnover Rate
Turnover rate represents the number of instances that homes in an identified population become unoccupied in a given period, divided by the number of homes in such population.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 32
Unsecured Facility Covenants
Unsecured facility covenants refer to financial and operating requirements that the Company must meet with respect to its $1,000 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Facility") and its $2,500 million term loan facility (the "Term Loan Facility") (together, the "Credit Facility"), as set forth in the Company's Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement dated December 8, 2020 (the "Unsecured Credit Agreement"). The metrics provided under the "Unsecured Facility Covenant Compliance" heading on Supplemental Schedule 2(b) show the Company's compliance with certain covenants that the Company believes are its most restrictive financial covenants, including: total leverage ratio, secured leverage ratio, unencumbered leverage ratio, fixed charge coverage ratio, and unsecured interest coverage ratio.
Total leverage ratio represents (i) total outstanding indebtedness (including the Company's pro rata share of debt in unconsolidated entities), as defined by the Unsecured Credit Agreement, divided by (ii) total asset value (including the Company's pro rata share of assets in unconsolidated entities), as defined in the Unsecured Credit Agreement. For the purpose of calculating total asset value under the terms of the Unsecured Credit Agreement, properties owned for at least one year are valued by dividing NOI by a 6% capitalization rate (the market standard for residential loans), and properties owned for less than one year are valued at either their gross book value or by dividing NOI by a 6% capitalization rate.
Secured leverage ratio represents (i) total outstanding secured indebtedness (including the Company's pro rata share of secured debt in unconsolidated entities), as defined by the Unsecured Credit Agreement, divided by (ii) total asset value (including the Company's pro rata share of assets in unconsolidated entities), as defined in the Unsecured Credit Agreement. For the purpose of calculating total asset value under the terms of the Unsecured Credit Agreement, properties owned for at least one year are valued by dividing NOI by a 6% capitalization rate (the market standard for residential loans), and properties owned for less than one year are valued at either their gross book value or by dividing NOI by a 6% capitalization rate.
Unencumbered leverage ratio represents (i) total outstanding unsecured indebtedness (including the Company's pro rata share of unsecured debt in unconsolidated entities), as defined by the Unsecured Credit Agreement, divided by (ii) unencumbered asset value, as defined in the Unsecured Credit Agreement. For the purpose of calculating unencumbered asset value under the terms of the Unsecured Credit Agreement, properties owned for at least one year are valued by dividing NOI by a 6% capitalization rate (the market standard for residential loans), and properties owned for less than one year are valued at either their gross book value or by dividing NOI by a 6% capitalization rate.
Fixed charge coverage ratio represents (i) the trailing four quarters' EBITDA (including the Company's pro rata share of EBITDA from unconsolidated entities), as defined by the Unsecured Credit Agreement, divided by (ii) the trailing four quarters' fixed charges (including the Company's pro rata share of fixed charges in unconsolidated entities), as defined in the Unsecured Credit Agreement. Fixed charges include cash interest expense, regularly scheduled principal payments, and preferred stock or preferred OP unit dividends.
Unsecured interest coverage ratio represents (i) the trailing four quarters' unencumbered NOI, as defined by the Unsecured Credit Agreement, divided by (ii) the trailing four quarters' total unsecured interest expense (including the Company's pro rata share of interest expense from unsecured debt in unconsolidated entities), as defined in the Unsecured Credit Agreement.
The metrics set forth under the "Unsecured Facility Covenant Compliance" heading on Supplemental Schedule 2(b), and described above, are provided only to show the Company's compliance with these covenants. These metrics should not be used for any other purpose, including without limitation to evaluate the Company's financial condition or results of operations, nor do they indicate the Company's covenant compliance as of any other date or for any other period. These metrics, or components of these metrics described above, may be defined differently in the Unsecured Credit Agreement than similarly named metrics are defined by the Company in its Earnings Release and Supplemental Information for the purposes of evaluating its financial conditions or results of operations. For a more complete and detailed description of the covenants contained in the Company's Unsecured Credit Agreement, see Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38004) filed on December 9, 2020.
The breach of any of the covenants set forth in the Unsecured Credit Agreement could result in a default of the Company's indebtedness related to its Revolving Facility and Term Loan Facility, which could cause those obligations to become due and payable. The Company's ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by changes in the Company's operating and financial performance, changes in general business and economic conditions, adverse regulatory developments, or other events adversely impacting it. If any of the Company's indebtedness is accelerated, the Company may not be able to repay it. For risks related to failure to comply with
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 33
covenants, see Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC.
Value Enhancing CapEx
Value enhancing CapEx represents re-investment in stabilized homes, above and beyond general replacements to preserve and maintain the value and functionality of a home, for the purpose of enhancing expected risk-adjusted returns.
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 34
Reconciliation of Total Revenues to Same Store Total Revenues and Same Store Core Revenues, Quarterly
(in thousands) (unaudited)
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Q3 2020
Q2 2020
Q1 2020
Total revenues (total portfolio)
$
475,225
$
464,100
$
459,184
$
449,755
$
449,789
Joint venture management fees
(771)
—
—
—
—
Total portfolio resident recoveries
(24,740)
(23,885)
(23,675)
(20,157)
(20,041)
Total Core revenues (total portfolio)
449,714
440,215
435,509
429,598
429,748
Non-Same Store Core revenues
(37,272)
(33,550)
(31,211)
(29,558)
(26,112)
Same Store Core revenues
$
412,442
$
406,665
$
404,298
$
400,040
$
403,636
Reconciliation of Property Operating and Maintenance to Same Store Operating Expenses and Same Store Core Operating Expenses, Quarterly
(in thousands) (unaudited)
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Q3 2020
Q2 2020
Q1 2020
Property operating and maintenance expenses (total portfolio)
$
168,373
$
168,628
$
177,997
$
167,002
$
166,916
Total portfolio resident recoveries
(24,740)
(23,885)
(23,675)
(20,157)
(20,041)
Core Property operating and maintenance expenses (total portfolio)
143,633
144,743
154,322
146,845
146,875
Non-Same Store Core operating expenses
(11,454)
(11,596)
(11,360)
(11,414)
(11,701)
Same Store Core operating expenses
$
132,179
$
133,147
$
142,962
$
135,431
$
135,174
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 35
Reconciliation of Net Income to NOI and Same Store NOI, Quarterly
(in thousands) (unaudited)
Q1 2021
Q4 2020
Q3 2020
Q2 2020
Q1 2020
Net income available to common stockholders
$
57,272
$
70,586
$
32,540
$
42,784
$
49,854
Net income available to participating securities
95
113
114
119
102
Non-controlling interests
355
431
211
275
320
Interest expense
83,406
95,382
87,713
86,071
84,757
Depreciation and amortization
144,501
142,090
138,147
137,266
135,027
Property management expense
15,842
14,888
14,824
14,529
14,372
General and administrative
16,950
16,679
17,972
14,426
14,228
Impairment and other
356
(3,974)
1,723
(180)
3,127
Gain on sale of property, net of tax
(14,484)
(13,121)
(15,106)
(11,167)
(15,200)
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments in equity securities
3,140
(29,689)
—
—
(34)
Other, net
(230)
2,087
3,049
(1,370)
(3,680)
Joint venture management fees
(771)
—
—
—
—
Income from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
(351)
—
—
—
—
NOI (total portfolio)
306,081
295,472
281,187
282,753
282,873
Non-Same Store NOI
(25,818)
(21,954)
(19,851)
(18,144)
(14,411)
Same Store NOI
$
280,263
$
273,518
$
261,336
$
264,609
$
268,462
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 36
Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA, EBITDAre, and Adjusted EBITDAre
(in thousands, unaudited)
Trailing Twelve Months (TTM) Ended
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
March 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
Net income available to common stockholders
$
57,272
$
49,854
$
203,182
$
195,764
Net income available to participating securities
95
102
441
448
Non-controlling interests
355
320
1,272
1,237
Interest expense
83,406
84,757
352,572
353,923
Interest expense in unconsolidated joint ventures
74
—
74
—
Depreciation and amortization
144,501
135,027
562,004
552,530
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets in unconsolidated joint ventures
104
—
104
—
EBITDA
285,807
270,060
1,119,649
1,103,902
Gain on sale of property, net of tax
(14,484)
(15,200)
(53,878)
(54,594)
Impairment on depreciated real estate investments
431
2,471
2,538
4,578
Net gain on sale of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
(336)
—
(336)
—
EBITDAre
271,418
257,331
1,067,973
1,053,886
Share-based compensation expense
5,814
4,101
18,803
17,090
Severance
114
—
715
601
Casualty (gains) losses, net
(75)
656
(4,613)
(3,882)
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments in equity securities
3,140
(34)
(26,549)
(29,723)
Other, net
(230)
(3,680)
3,536
86
Adjusted EBITDAre
$
280,181
$
258,374
$
1,059,865
$
1,038,058
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 37
Reconciliation of Net Debt / Trailing Twelve Months (TTM) Adjusted EBITDAre
(in thousands, except for ratio) (unaudited)
As of
As of
March 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
Mortgage loans, net
$
4,808,085
$
4,820,098
Secured term loan, net
401,149
401,095
Term loan facility, net
2,472,718
2,470,907
Revolving facility
—
—
Convertible senior notes, net
340,730
339,404
Total Debt per Balance Sheet
8,022,682
8,031,504
Retained and repurchased certificates
(246,798)
(247,526)
Cash, ex-security deposits and letters of credit (1)
(247,041)
(250,204)
Deferred financing costs, net
40,610
43,396
Unamortized discounts on note payable
6,471
7,885
Net Debt (A)
$
7,575,924
$
7,585,055
For the Trailing Twelve
For the Trailing Twelve
Months (TTM) Ended
Months (TTM) Ended
March 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
Adjusted EBITDAre (B)
$
1,059,865
$
1,038,058
Net Debt / TTM Adjusted EBITDAre (A / B)
7.1
x
7.3
x
(1)Represents cash and cash equivalents and the portion of restricted cash that excludes security deposits and letters of credit.
Components of Non-Cash Interest Expense (Wholly Owned)
(in thousands) (unaudited)
Q1 2021
Q1 2020
Amortization of discounts on notes payable
$
1,414
$
1,348
Amortization of deferred financing costs
3,510
7,952
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives
31
13
Amortization of swap fair value at designation
3,591
1,078
Total non-cash interest expense
$
8,546
$
10,391
Note: Refer to "Glossary and Reconciliations" for metric definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures.
Q1 2021 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information — page 38
